CN105912742B - The far-field radiation field method of extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic - Google Patents
The far-field radiation field method of extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to electromagnetism numerical arts, and in particular to a kind of accurate quick calculation method that extensive MIMO array Antenna Far Field radiation field is solved using array symmetry characteristic: method includes the following steps: Step 1: determining the structure and parameter of M × N member planar array antenna；Step 2: determining the submatrix size and extracting mode in large size array；Step 3: the submatrix active cell directional diagram based on extraction, using the symmetry characteristic of uniform surface battle array, approximate calculation goes out the active cell directional diagram of each array element of large-scale array；Step 4: calculating the radiation field characteristic of large-scale array in the way of superposition calculation.For this method of the invention based on small array extension to the method for big array, calculating speed is fast；It is flexible, applied widely using field superposition theorem calculating, this method all can be used for uniform linear array and face battle array；By the way of superposition calculation, a large amount of matrix operation is avoided, reduces calculation amount, improves calculating speed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electromagnetism numerical arts, and in particular to a kind of to solve extensive MIMO using array symmetry characteristic
The accurate quick calculation method of array antenna far-field radiation field.
Background technique
Scale antenna array system (i.e. Massive MIMO) is considered as the most potential transmission technology of the following 5G, it is
The extension and extension of MIMO technology in existing 4G network.Massive mimo system is increasing power system capacity, is improving communication quality
There is good effect in terms of the versatility for equipment under complex environment.It has complied with current radio frequency component closer to antenna
Development trend, maintenance cost and energy cost are reduced, while further increasing network performance and disposition flexibility, in the 5th generation
It is played an important role in mobile communication system.Massive MIMO Active Arrays technology or spaced antenna technology will be at
One of key technique is wirelessly transferred for 5G.But Massive MIMO will be faced with many problems in practical applications.One side
There are many uncertain disturbing factors, to have an impact to radiation field of aerial since wireless communications environment is extremely complex in face；
On the other hand, the influence of Massive mimo antenna array and intelligent control part itself to radiation field also stays in actual use
In verified.Therefore, in order to which the performance to Massive mimo antenna carries out comprehensive assessment, it is remote to need to study the type antenna
The accurate quick calculation method of field radiation field.
At present directional diagram product method mostly used to the analysis of array antenna, as isolated unit directional diagram and array factor multiplies
Product, this method can quickly calculate the directional diagram of array, since it does not consider the coupling between array element, calculated result and complete
There are biggish differences for wave simulation result.Directional diagram product method is mostly used for linear array, the directional diagram meter of large planar array at present
There are no quickly and effectively means for calculation.Array antenna usually involves great expense, and accurately estimates radiation characteristic, and more enough reductions design wind
Simultaneously reduce cost waste in danger.Therefore, it is necessary to accurately analyze and calculate its radiation field.Accurately calculating for array antenna radiation field is more
Using numerical computation method, current main numerical computation method has: the numerical value such as moment method, FInite Element, Fdtd Method
Algorithm.With the development of computer technology, software I E3D, HFSS, CST MICROWAVE STUDIO based on these methods
It can be used for accurately calculating for radiation field.But when array scale is larger, it will be expended using these numerical computation methods very long
Time, personal computer even is difficult to calculate.Therefore, it is necessary to one kind under certain precision, quick computing array radiation field
Method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for numerical algorithms such as moment method, FInite Element, the Fdtd Methods of the prior art, with computer
The development of technology, software I E3D, HFSS, CST MICROWAVE STUDIO based on these methods can be used for radiation field
It accurately calculates；In the presence of when array scale is larger, long time, individual calculus will be expended using these numerical computation methods
Machine is even difficult to the problems such as calculating, and proposes a kind of far-field radiation field side that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic
Method.
The technical scheme is that a kind of far-field radiation field for quickly calculating extensive MIMO array based on symmetry characteristic
Method, it is characterised in that: method includes the following steps:
Step 1: determining the structure and parameter of M × N member planar array antenna；
Step 2: determining the submatrix size and extracting mode in large size array；
Step 3: the submatrix active cell directional diagram based on extraction, using the symmetry characteristic of uniform surface battle array, approximate calculation goes out
The active cell directional diagram of each array element of large-scale array；
Step 4: calculating the radiation field characteristic of large-scale array in the way of superposition calculation.
The far-field radiation field method that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic, the step 1 tool
Body includes of the material for determining individual antenna unit, structure, working frequency, the spacing between planar array array element, row and column
Number.
The far-field radiation field method that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic, in the step 2
Determine submatrix size are as follows: for M × N large size array, using 5 × 5 arrays as submatrix, wherein M is greater than 5, N and is greater than 5.
The far-field radiation field method that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic, in the step 2
Extracting mode are as follows: the calculating for the active cell directional diagram of submatrix each unit, using numerical algorithm or using based on limited
The HFSS software of first method calculates；On HFSS software to 5 × 5 low profile battle array carry out full-wave simulation, respectively only to (1,1),
(1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3) connect excitation, extract electric field in the direction φ and θ
Real and imaginary parts.
The far-field radiation field method that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic, the step three guarantees
φ=90 and φ=0 two kinds of situation are included, wherein specific steps when φ=90 are as follows:
Step 301 determines that with Y-axis be row, is column with X-axis；
When step 302, setting φ=90, for the first row, due to array symmetry characteristic we to can use (1,1) single
Member calculates the active cell directional diagram of (1, N) unit, and electric field of the two in the direction φ only has the difference of space phase, the side θ
To having little effect, calculated using following formula:
Find out the distance of the two, wherein D is the distance between Unit two, and k is wave number；
Step 303 similarly utilizes unit (1,2) to calculate (1, N-1)；
It is step 304, equivalent using (1,3) to come between temporary location, the difference of space phase need to be only considered between each unit
Not, utilization orientation figure product theorem,
Calculate the directional diagram of temporary location part, wherein EV0For the electric field of (1,3), d0Spacing between array element；
Step 305 is overlapped active cell calculated above in the field in the direction phi and theta, and the first row can be obtained
Active cell composition linear array directional diagram, using this method, similarly can be obtained the second row, the third line linear array directional diagram；So
Afterwards, show that M row the first row is equivalent using the symmetry of face battle array, M-1 row is equivalent with the second row, intermediate the third line to the
M-2 row the third line is equivalent.
The far-field radiation field method that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic, in the step 3
Comprising the concrete steps that when φ=0:
Step 3001 determines that with Y-axis be row, is column with X-axis；
When step 3002, setting φ=0, for first row, due to array symmetry characteristic we to can use (1,1) single
Member calculates the active cell directional diagram of (M, 1) unit, and electric field of the two in the direction θ only has the difference of space phase, the side φ
To having little effect, formula is utilized:
Find out the distance of the two, wherein D is the distance between Unit two, and k is wave number；
Step 3003 similarly utilizes (2,1) to calculate (M-1,1)；
It is step 3004, equivalent using (3,1) to come between temporary location, the difference of space phase need to be only considered between each unit
Not, utilization orientation figure product theorem,
Calculate the directional diagram of temporary location part；
Step 3005, the directional diagram that the field superposition calculation of active cell calculated above can be obtained the first row linear array, are adopted
With this method, the directional diagram of the second row, the third line linear array similarly can be obtained；Then, it is obtained using the symmetry of face battle array, Nth column
It is equivalent with first row, N-1 column with secondary series it is equivalent, intermediate third arrange to M-2 arrange with third column it is equivalent.
The far-field radiation field method that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic, the step 4 tool
Body are as follows: when Phi=90, the field of obtained M line battle array is overlapped calculating；When Phi=0, obtained N alignment battle array
Field is overlapped calculating.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: this method of the invention calculates speed based on small array extension to the method for big array
Degree is fast；It is flexible, applied widely using field superposition theorem calculating, this method all can be used for uniform linear array and face battle array；
By the way of superposition calculation, a large amount of matrix operation is avoided, reduces calculation amount, improves calculating speed.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is 5 × 5 array schematic diagrames；
Fig. 2 is the equivalent big battle array schematic diagram of submatrix；
Fig. 3 is structural schematic diagram of 5 × 5 arrays in HFSS；
Fig. 4 is structural schematic diagram of 10 × 10 arrays in HFSS.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: in conjunction with Fig. 1-Fig. 3: a kind of far-field radiation quickly calculating extensive MIMO array based on symmetry characteristic
Field method, method includes the following steps:
Step 1: determining the structure and parameter of M × N member planar array antenna；
Determine the material of individual antenna unit, structure, working frequency, spacing between planar array array element, row and column
Number.
Step 2: determining the submatrix size and extracting mode in large size array；
For M × N large size array, using 5 × 5 arrays as submatrix, wherein M is greater than 5, N and is greater than 5.It is each for submatrix
The calculating of the active cell directional diagram of unit is calculated using numerical algorithm or using the HFSS software based on FInite Element；?
On HFSS software to 5 × 5 low profile battle array carry out full-wave simulation, respectively only to (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (2,
2), (2,3), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3) connect excitation, extract electric field in the real and imaginary parts in the direction φ and θ.
Step 3: the submatrix active cell directional diagram based on extraction, using the symmetry characteristic of uniform surface battle array, approximate calculation goes out
The active cell directional diagram of each array element of large-scale array；
It is divided into φ=90 and φ=0 two kinds of situation, wherein specific steps when φ=90 are as follows:
Step 301 determines that with Y-axis be row, is column with X-axis；
When step 302, setting φ=90, for the first row, due to array symmetry characteristic we to can use (1,1) single
Member calculates the active cell directional diagram of (1, N) unit, and electric field of the two in the direction φ only has the difference of space phase, the side θ
To having little effect, calculated using following formula:
Find out the distance of the two, wherein D is the distance between Unit two, and k is wave number；
Step 303 similarly utilizes unit (1,2) to calculate (1, N-1)；
It is step 304, equivalent using (1,3) to come between temporary location, the difference of space phase need to be only considered between each unit
Not, utilization orientation figure product theorem,
Calculate the directional diagram of temporary location part, wherein EV0For the electric field of (1,3), d0Spacing between array element；
Step 305 is overlapped active cell calculated above in the field in the direction phi and theta, and the first row can be obtained
Active cell composition linear array directional diagram, using this method, similarly can be obtained the second row, the third line linear array directional diagram；So
Afterwards, show that M row the first row is equivalent using the symmetry of face battle array, M-1 row is equivalent with the second row, intermediate the third line to the
M-2 row the third line is equivalent.
Comprising the concrete steps that when φ=0:
Step 3001 determines that with Y-axis be row, is column with X-axis；
When step 3002, setting φ=0, for first row, due to array symmetry characteristic we to can use (1,1) single
Member calculates the active cell directional diagram of (M, 1) unit, and electric field of the two in the direction θ only has the difference of space phase, the side φ
To having little effect, formula is utilized:
Find out the distance of the two, wherein D is the distance between Unit two, and k is wave number；
Step 3003 similarly utilizes (2,1) to calculate (M-1,1)；
It is step 3004, equivalent using (3,1) to come between temporary location, the difference of space phase need to be only considered between each unit
Not, utilization orientation figure product theorem,
Calculate the directional diagram of temporary location part；
Step 3005, the directional diagram that the field superposition calculation of active cell calculated above can be obtained the first row linear array, are adopted
With this method, the directional diagram of the second row, the third line linear array similarly can be obtained；Then, it is obtained using the symmetry of face battle array, Nth column
It is equivalent with first row, N-1 column with secondary series it is equivalent, intermediate third arrange to M-2 arrange with third column it is equivalent.
Step 4: calculating the radiation field characteristic of large-scale array in the way of superposition calculation.
When Phi=90, the field of obtained M line battle array is overlapped calculating；When Phi=0, obtained N alignment
The field of battle array is overlapped calculating.
Embodiment 2, in conjunction with Fig. 1-Fig. 4, step 1, the structure and parameter for determining M × N member planar array antenna.
The correctness of the above method is verified using coaxial fed patch antenna group battle array.Dielectric substrate thickness 1.6mm, radiation
Patch length and width are respectively 28mm and 37.26mm, and coaxial feed point is from patch centre distance 7mm, 1/4 operation wavelength
30mm.The HFSS of rectangular microstrip antenna designs a model as shown in Figure 3.The center of model is located at coordinate origin, the length of radiation patch
Spending direction is that along the x-axis direction, width direction is along the y-axis direction.The size of medium substrate is 2 times of radiation patch, reference
Ground and radiation patch are replaced using ideal thin conductor, by distributing rationality conductor side to a two-dimensional model in HFSS
The mode of boundary's condition simulates ideal thin conductor.Because being fed using 50 ohm coaxial lines, it is used here as radius
0.6mm, the cylinder model that material is perfact conductor (pec) carry out the inner core of analog coaxial feeder line.Cylindrical body is parallel with z-axis to be put
It sets, then its height is 1.6mm.It is to need to dig out the circular hole that a radius is 1.5mm in reference ground that cylindrical body connects, it will
, as signal input output end mouth, the energisation mode of the port is set as the excitation of lump port for it, and port normalized impedance is 50
Ohm.Solution frequency is 2.45GHz, and swept frequency range is set as 1.5GHz~3.5GHz, uses rapid frequency-sweeping.
Step 2, the submatrix size in determining large-scale array and extracting mode.
Submatrix is used as using 5 × 5 faces battle array, the extracting of 5 × 5 submatrixs (1,1), (1,2) (1,3), (2,1), (2,2), (2,
3), the real and imaginary parts of the direction θ, φ active cell directional diagram of (3,1), (3,2), (3,3).
Step 3, the submatrix active cell directional diagram based on extraction, using the symmetry characteristic of uniform surface battle array, approximate calculation goes out
The active cell directional diagram of each array element of large-scale array.
When φ=90, for the first row, unit (1,10) is calculated using unit (1,1), (1,2) is utilized to calculate unit
The calculating utilization orientation figure product method of (1,9), temporary location calculates:
Similarly calculate the second row and the third line.10th row is equivalent with the 1st row, and the 9th row is equivalent with the 2nd row, middle section
It is equivalent with the 3rd row.
When φ=0, for first row, unit (10,1) is calculated using unit (1,1), (2,1) is utilized to calculate unit
The calculating utilization orientation figure product method of (9,1), temporary location calculates:
Similarly calculate secondary series and third column.10th column are equivalent with the 1st column, and the 9th column arrange equivalent, middle section with the 2nd
It is equivalent with the 3rd column.
Step 4, in the way of superposition calculation, calculate the radiation field characteristic of large-scale array.
When calculating the directional diagram in the face φ=90, the field of the linear array of resulting 10 row active cell composition is overlapped.
When calculating the directional diagram in the face φ=0, the field of the linear array of the active cell composition of resulting 10 column is overlapped.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of far-field radiation field method for quickly calculating extensive MIMO array based on symmetry characteristic, it is characterised in that: the party
Method the following steps are included:
Step 1: determining the structure and parameter of M × N member planar array antenna；
Step 2: determining the submatrix size and extracting mode in large size array；
Step 3: the submatrix active cell directional diagram based on extraction, using the symmetry characteristic of uniform surface battle array, approximate calculation goes out large size
The active cell directional diagram of each array element of array；
The step 3 includes φ=90 and φ=0 two kinds of situation, wherein specific steps when φ=90 are as follows:
Step 301 determines that with Y-axis be row, is column with X-axis；
When step 302, setting φ=90, for the first row, calculated since the symmetry characteristic of array can use (1,1) unit
The active cell directional diagram of (1, N) unit, electric field of the two in the direction φ only have the difference of space phase, and the direction θ does not almost have
Have an impact, calculated using following formula:
Find out the distance of the two, wherein D is the distance between Unit two, and k is wave number；
Step 303 similarly utilizes unit (1,2) to calculate (1, N-1)；
Step 304, between temporary location use (1,3) come it is equivalent, between each unit only need to consider the difference of space phase i.e.
Can, utilization orientation figure product theorem,
Calculate the directional diagram of temporary location part, wherein EV0For the electric field of (1,3), d0Spacing between array element；
Step 305 is overlapped active cell calculated above in the field in the direction phi and theta, and the first row can be obtained has
Set of source at linear array directional diagram, using this method, similarly can be obtained the second row, the third line linear array directional diagram；Then, sharp
Show that M row the first row is equivalent with the symmetry of face battle array, M-1 row is equivalent with the second row, intermediate the third line to M-2 row
It is equivalent with the third line；
Step 4: calculating the radiation field characteristic of large-scale array in the way of superposition calculation.
2. the far-field radiation field method according to claim 1 that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic,
It is characterized by: the step 1 specifically includes, material, the structure, working frequency, planar array array of individual antenna unit are determined
The number of spacing, row and column between member.
3. the far-field radiation field method according to claim 1 that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic,
It is characterized by: determining submatrix size in the step 2 are as follows: for M × N large size array, using 5 × 5 arrays as submatrix,
Wherein M is greater than 5, N and is greater than 5.
4. the far-field radiation field method according to claim 1 that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic,
It is characterized by: extracting mode in the step 2 are as follows: the calculating for the active cell directional diagram of submatrix each unit uses
Numerical algorithm is calculated using the HFSS software based on FInite Element；The low profile battle array 5 × 5 is carried out on HFSS software complete
Wave emulation, respectively only to (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (3,1), (3,2), (3,3) connect excitation, mention
Electric field is taken out in the real and imaginary parts in the direction φ and θ.
5. the far-field radiation field method according to claim 1 that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic,
It is characterized by: comprising the concrete steps that when φ=0 in the step 3:
Step 3001 determines that with Y-axis be row, is column with X-axis；
When step 3002, setting φ=0, for first row, calculated since the symmetry characteristic of array can use (1,1) unit
The active cell directional diagram of (M, 1) unit, electric field of the two in the direction θ only have the difference of space phase, and the direction φ does not almost have
Have an impact, utilize formula:
Find out the distance of the two, wherein D is the distance between Unit two, and k is wave number；
Step 3003 similarly utilizes (2,1) to calculate (M-1,1)；
Step 3004, between temporary location use (3,1) come it is equivalent, between each unit only need to consider the difference of space phase i.e.
Can, utilization orientation figure product theorem,
Calculate the directional diagram of temporary location part；
Step 3005, the directional diagram that the field superposition calculation of active cell calculated above can be obtained the first row linear array, using this
The directional diagram of the second row, the third line linear array similarly can be obtained in method；Then, it is obtained using the symmetry of face battle array, Nth column is with the
One column it is equivalent, N-1 column with secondary series it is equivalent, intermediate third arrange to M-2 arrange with third column it is equivalent.
6. the far-field radiation field method according to claim 1 that extensive MIMO array is quickly calculated based on symmetry characteristic,
It is characterized by: the step 4 specifically: when Phi=90, the field of obtained M line battle array is overlapped calculating；Phi=
When 0, the field of obtained N alignment battle array is overlapped calculating.
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| CN106291133A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-01-04 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | A kind of UHF waveband broadband DBF array antenna method of testing |
| CN106897479B (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2019-04-23 | 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 | A kind of array antenna emulation mode and server |
| CN108197362B (en) * | 2017-12-23 | 2019-09-27 | 中国人民解放军战略支援部队信息工程大学 | VICTS antenna radiation pattern and beam position quick calculation method |
| CN109946748A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-06-28 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Thinned array antenna design method applied to cylinder scanning safety check imaging system |
| CN113917241B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2023-05-09 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method, system, equipment and terminal for rapidly measuring and predicting antenna pattern |
| CN114896868B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2024-04-19 | 中国人民解放军63660部队 | Ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse radiation Vivaldi antenna array radiation field prediction method |
| CN115034075B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-11-24 | 电子科技大学 | Rapid and accurate prediction method for vector gain pattern of irregular antenna array |
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