CN111029760A - Method for estimating directional diagram of substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial antenna - Google Patents
Method for estimating directional diagram of substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111029760A CN111029760A CN201911245317.0A CN201911245317A CN111029760A CN 111029760 A CN111029760 A CN 111029760A CN 201911245317 A CN201911245317 A CN 201911245317A CN 111029760 A CN111029760 A CN 111029760A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a directional diagram estimation method for a substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial antenna. The method disclosed by the invention can be used for quickly and accurately calculating to obtain a radiation field by establishing a reasonable forward model; the metamaterial antenna unit etched on the surface of the substrate integrated waveguide is equivalent to a dipole antenna, and the superposition of an incident field at the dipole and a scattering field generated by other dipoles is calculated, so that a total field at each dipole can be obtained; and obtaining dipole moment by using the total dipole field and the polarization degree of the dipole, and finally obtaining the total radiation field. The method can accurately and efficiently calculate the radiation patterns under different codes, and greatly improves the calculation efficiency while ensuring the precision. The method can provide theoretical guidance for the pre-design and directional diagram optimization of the metamaterial.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a directional diagram estimation method for a substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial antenna.
Background
The rapid and efficient calculation of the antenna pattern is one of the key technologies in the antenna field, and thanks to the rapid development of the computer technology, some simulation software based on a numerical calculation method, such as ANSYS HFSS based on a finite element method, CST based on a time domain finite difference method, and the like can accurately calculate the pattern of the programmable super surface under different codes. However, since the conventional numerical calculation generates a large number of meshes when calculating the substrate integrated waveguide programmable super-surface, even if a higher-performance server is used, a long calculation time is required when calculating the programmable super-surface of a complicated fine structure. Therefore, a reasonable forward model is needed to be established for the programmable super surface of the substrate integrated waveguide, and the calculation efficiency is greatly improved while the directional diagram can be calculated accurately.
Through the existing literature and technical search, x.wan et al have published "Beam forming of leakage wave antenna Beam forming of binary programmable super surface with fixed frequency" in the journal of IEEE Transactions on antenna and Propagation, have calculated the radiation pattern of the programmable super surface under different coding sequences by using the hybrid T matrix algorithm, and can predict the main lobe direction of partial coding. However, since the algorithm does not consider the coupling effect between the cells, the algorithm cannot predict the main lobe width and the direction well when the number of cells in the radiation state is large. "Discrete dipole approximation applied to high directivity waveguide slot Antennas" was published in the journal of IEEE Antennas and Wireless transmission Letters by t.sleasman et al, university of duck, "Discrete dipole approximation to high directivity waveguide slot Antennas" and the radiation pattern of a waveguide slot antenna was calculated by using a Discrete dipole approximation algorithm, which resulted in a better calculation result. But the article only calculates for fixed patterns.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the method for estimating the directional diagram of the substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial antenna, which has high precision and high calculation speed.
The invention provides a method for estimating a directional diagram of a substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial antenna, wherein the programmable metamaterial antenna structure is shown in figure 1 and comprises a dielectric substrate and N metamaterial antenna units; the antenna unit is etched on the surface of the upper layer metal; the metamaterial antenna units are sub-wavelength metamaterial antenna units, and the antenna units are periodically arranged along the longitudinal direction of the substrate integrated waveguide at a certain interval.
In the invention, the antenna unit consists of a rectangular annular slot and a pair of T-shaped slots. The width of the gap is in the range of 0.1-0.4 mm. The length and width of the outer ring of the annular gap are respectively within the ranges of 4mm-6mm and 2mm-4mm, and the length and width of the inner ring are respectively within the ranges of 4mm-5mm and 2mm-3 mm; the length of the T-shaped slot along the SIW transverse slot is within the range of 0.3mm-1mm, the length of the slot along the SIW longitudinal slot is within the range of 1-2mm, and the antenna unit is of a sub-wavelength structure.
According to the metamaterial antenna directional pattern estimation method, a reasonable forward model is established, and a radiation field is obtained through rapid and accurate calculation; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the metamaterial antenna unit etched on the surface of the substrate integrated waveguide is equivalent to a dipole antenna, and the superposition of an incident field at the dipole and a scattering field generated by other dipoles is calculated, so that a total field at each dipole can be obtained; and obtaining dipole moment by using the total dipole field and the polarization degree of the dipole, and finally obtaining the total radiation field.
The invention provides a method for estimating a directional diagram of a substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial antenna, which comprises the following specific steps of:
each antenna unit is equivalent to a polarized dipole under the irradiation of incident waves; each antenna element equivalent to a polarized dipole has interaction with other dipoles and the incident field;
the total field at each antenna element is calculated to be equal to the superposition of the incident field at that location and the scattered field produced at that location by the other dipoles. The coupling effect among the antenna units is characterized by multiplying the Green function inside the substrate integrated waveguide by the dipole moment of the equivalent dipole;
the dipole moment of the dipole is equal to the total field of the dipole multiplied by the polarization degree of the dipole under the irradiation of the incident field;
and calculating the dipole moment of each equivalent dipole to be used as a weight coefficient of the array factor model, and finally calculating a radiation pattern.
The invention provides a method for estimating a directional diagram of a substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial antenna, which comprises the following specific calculation steps of:
firstly, calculating the polarization degree of each dipole according to the following calculation formula:
wherein η is the radiation efficiency, and S11 and S21 are the scattering parameters of the antenna unit;
and secondly, calculating the total magnetic field at the antenna unit, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula IjkAs a diagonal matrix, CjkAs a mutual coupling coefficient, βsiwFor the propagation constant, H, in the substrate integrated waveguideinc(xj) Is the incident field at the cell;
thirdly, calculating the dipole moment by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to be the degree of polarization of the dipole,
is the total field;
fourthly, calculating the total radiation field, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
being the radiation field of a single cell, β0Is the free space propagation constant.
The coupling between the substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial antenna units is reasonably considered, compared with full-wave simulation software, the method can accurately and efficiently calculate radiation patterns under different codes by establishing an accurate forward model, the calculation efficiency is greatly improved while the precision is ensured, and the calculation time cost is far lower than the time required by the full-wave simulation software.
The estimation method provided by the invention can accurately and efficiently calculate the dynamic radiation fields generated by the programmable super surface of the substrate integrated waveguide under different codes, and can provide theoretical guidance for the pre-design and directional diagram optimization of the metamaterial.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna front surface corresponding to the method for estimating a directional diagram of a substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial antenna of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the calculation of the method for estimating the directional diagram of the substrate integrated waveguide programmable super-surface antenna.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the result of directional beam prediction by the method for estimating the directional pattern of the substrate integrated waveguide programmable super-surface antenna. Wherein, a is the prediction result of the narrow directional beam generated by the coding 1, the coding 2 and the coding 3, the main lobe width and the prediction result of the main lobe direction are better matched with the simulation result, and b is the prediction result of the wide directional beam generated by the coding 4, the coding 5 and the coding 6, and the main lobe width and the prediction result of the main lobe direction are better matched with the simulation result.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating multi-beam prediction results of the substrate integrated waveguide programmable super-surface antenna pattern estimation method of the present invention. Wherein, a is the directional diagram prediction result of the code 7, b is the directional diagram prediction result of the code 8, and c is the directional diagram prediction result of the code 9, and the prediction result is basically consistent with the simulation result.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a novel method for estimating a directional diagram of a low-profile substrate integrated waveguide programmable super-surface antenna, which accurately calculates coupling between units by using an improved discrete dipole approximation algorithm, thereby accurately calculating a total radiation field.
As shown in fig. 1, the programmable super surface according to this embodiment includes: the SMA connector 1 comprises a dielectric substrate 2, a dielectric substrate 3, a metal through hole 4, a metamaterial antenna unit 5 and a diode 6, wherein the dielectric substrate is Rogers4003, the dielectric constant is 3.55, the dielectric thickness is 1.524 mm. The flow of the method for estimating the directional diagram of the substrate integrated waveguide programmable super-surface antenna is shown in FIG. 2:
(1) firstly, calculating the scattering parameter of a unit by utilizing full-wave simulation software, thereby calculating the polarization degree of the unit;
(2) calculating by superposition by using a method of multiplying a Grignard function in the substrate integrated waveguide by a dipole moment to obtain a scattering field coupled between dipoles, wherein the total field at a unit is equal to the superposition of an incident field and scattering fields generated by other dipoles;
(3) the equivalent dipole moment of the dipole is equal to the product of the total field and the polarization degree of the dipole;
(4) and calculating the radiation field of the metamaterial antenna by using the calculated equivalent dipole moment as the weight of the array factor model.
The method for estimating the directional diagram of the substrate integrated waveguide programmable super-surface antenna can generate scanning beams with different beam widths when the codes shown in table 1 are input.
The method for estimating the substrate integrated waveguide programmable super-surface antenna directional pattern according to the embodiment can generate multiple beams when inputting the codes shown in table 2.
As shown in fig. 3, (a) is a comparison between the HFSS simulation result and the prediction result of the narrow directional beam corresponding to code 1, code 2, and code 3, and the prediction result and the simulation result of the main lobe width and the main lobe direction are better matched. (b) In order to compare the HFSS simulation result of the wide-directivity beam corresponding to the code 4, the code 5 and the code 6 with the prediction result, the main lobe width and the main lobe direction prediction result are well matched with the simulation result.
As shown in fig. 4, (a), (b), and (c) are respectively the HFSS simulation results corresponding to code 7, code 8, and code 9, and the prediction results are compared, and in general, the simulation results and the prediction results are identical.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the time consumed for calculating the pattern by the substrate integrated waveguide programmable super-surface antenna pattern estimation method according to the embodiment is less than 0.3s on a common personal computer, while the full-wave simulation requires approximately 1 hour. And the accurate and efficient prediction of the digraph is realized.
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above specific examples, and for example, the substrate integrated waveguide programmable super-surface antenna of the present invention can be adapted to microwave and millimeter wave bands by changing the size, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
TABLE 1 different Width scanning Beam coding
| Encoding serial number | Coding sequence | Beam pointing | Wave |
| Code | |||
| 1 | 1010101010101010 | -25° | 15.7° |
| |
1001001001001001 | 14° | 13.0° |
| |
1001100110011001 | 32° | 10.9° |
| |
1010101010000000 | -25° | 24.8° |
| |
1001001001000000 | 15° | 19.0° |
| |
1001100110000000 | 33° | 18.8° |
Table 2 multi-beam coding
| Encoding serial number | Coding sequence | Number of lobes |
| Code 7 | 0001000100010001 | 2 |
| Code 8 | 0000100001000010 | 3 |
| Code 9 | 0000010000010000 | 4 |
Claims (4)
1. A substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial antenna directional pattern estimation method is characterized in that the programmable metamaterial antenna structure comprises a dielectric substrate and N metamaterial antenna units; the antenna unit is etched on the surface of the upper layer metal; the metamaterial antenna units are sub-wavelength metamaterial antenna units, and the antenna units are periodically arranged along the substrate integrated waveguide longitudinally at a certain interval; by establishing a reasonable forward model, a radiation field is quickly and accurately calculated; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the metamaterial antenna unit etched on the surface of the substrate integrated waveguide is equivalent to a dipole antenna, and the superposition of an incident field at the dipole and a scattering field generated by other dipoles is calculated to obtain a total field at each dipole; and obtaining dipole moment by using the total dipole field and the polarization degree of the dipole, and finally obtaining the total radiation field.
2. The method for estimating the antenna pattern of the substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial according to claim 1, wherein the antenna unit is composed of a rectangular ring-shaped slot and a pair of T-shaped slots; the width of the gap is 0.1-0.4 mm; the length and width of the outer ring of the annular gap are respectively 4mm-6mm and 2mm-4mm, and the length and width of the inner ring are respectively 4mm-5mm and 2mm-3 mm; the length of the T-shaped gap along the SIW is 0.3mm-1mm, and the length of the gap along the SIW is 1-2 mm.
3. The method for estimating the antenna pattern of the substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following specific steps;
the metamaterial antenna unit is equivalent to a polarized dipole under the irradiation of incident waves;
calculating the total field at each equivalent polarized dipole to be equal to the superposition of the incident field and the scattered field generated by other dipoles at the position; the scattering field generated by the dipole is represented by multiplying the lattice function in the substrate integrated waveguide by the dipole moment of the dipole;
the dipole moment of the dipole is equal to the total field of the dipole multiplied by the polarization degree of the dipole under the irradiation of the incident field;
and (4) summing the equivalent dipole moment of each dipole multiplied by the corresponding array factor term, thus accurately calculating the programmable metamaterial directional diagram.
4. The method for estimating the antenna pattern of the substrate integrated waveguide programmable metamaterial according to claim 3, wherein the specific calculation steps are;
firstly, calculating the polarization degree of each dipole according to the following calculation formula:
wherein η is the radiation efficiency, and S11 and S21 are the scattering parameters of the antenna unit;
and secondly, calculating the total magnetic field at the antenna unit, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula IjkAs a diagonal matrix, CjkAs a mutual coupling coefficient, βsiwIs a propagation constant within the substrate integrated waveguide,Hinc(xj) Is the incident field at the cell;
thirdly, calculating the dipole moment by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
in order to be the degree of polarization of the dipole,
is the total field;
fourthly, calculating the total radiation field, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
being the radiation field of a single cell, β0Is the free space propagation constant.
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