CN105908012A - Environment-friendly lead-free easily-cutting anti-heat-cracking brass alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly lead-free easily-cutting anti-heat-cracking brass alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105908012A CN105908012A CN201610317388.7A CN201610317388A CN105908012A CN 105908012 A CN105908012 A CN 105908012A CN 201610317388 A CN201610317388 A CN 201610317388A CN 105908012 A CN105908012 A CN 105908012A
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- alloy material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly lead-free easily-cutting anti-heat-cracking brass alloy material and a preparation method thereof. The brass alloy material is characterized by comprising, by weight, 58-64 parts of Cu, 0.4-1.5 parts of Bi, 0.3-0.7 part of Sn, 0.03-0.2 part of Se, 34-41 parts of Zn, and less than 0.2 part of other impurities. The alloy material with the required specifications is prepared through the steps of conventional material preparation, batching, smelting and cold and hot machining. The tensile strength sigma b of the brass alloy material is 400-550 MPa, the hardness HRB of the brass alloy material is 65-80, and the elongation delta of the brass alloy material is greater than 10%. The contents of Pb, Fe and Cd of the brass alloy material meet the national standards, and the brass alloy material has excellent cutting performance and cold and hot machining performance and is applicable to various kinds of connecting parts, valves, valve rod bearings, plumbing bathroom accessories, electronic products and clock instruments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of environment-friendly type lead-free Cutting free thermal crack resistant brass alloy material and preparation method thereof, belong to metal
The synthesis field of material.
Background technology
Ledrite is widely used in various connector, valve, stem bearing, water heating bathroom, electronic apparatus, horological instruments etc.
Field.But lead is a kind of element harmful to environment and human body, since 2006, including the U.S., European Union, Japan, China etc.
Strict restriction has been made respectively to the lead content in copper alloy with at the leaching content of Pb in Drinking Water in countries in the world, the application of ledrite
Face strict restriction and challenge.
Exploitation Lead free cutting copper alloys substitutes ledrite becomes the manufacturing key subjects of world today's metal material.
At present, with bismuth for the lead-free reflow most study of lead, make a general survey of the domestic and international experts and scholars various researchs to Bi brass, there is interpolation
Element kind is many, addition compared with big, add that rare earth element price is high, cost of material is high and the problem such as industrial applications is difficult, and
It is difficult to take into account cutting ability and the cold and hot working performance of excellence.
Therefore, it is necessary to research and develop, addition element kind is few, addition is little, material preparation process is simple, cost performance is high
LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY material, optimize further cutting ability and the cold and hot working performance of material.
Bismuth, has much similar character to lead, and the property of bismuth own is crisp, and its fusing point is 271.4 DEG C, and bismuth is the same with lead not to be solid-solution in
Pyrite, is mainly distributed on crystal boundary and phase boundary, can play the effect disconnecting cutting during cutting.Owing to bismuth fusing point is low, main at crystalline substance again
Being distributed (see accompanying drawing 1) at boundary and phase boundary, in pyrite hot procedure, bismuth can exist with melted state, the too high meeting of bi content
Causing seminess occur during hot-working, therefore bi content is unsuitable too high.
Stannum, Grain refinement is obvious, and stannum can make strip α phase become with β phase spherical (see accompanying drawing 2), the ratio table of crystal grain
Area will be greatly increased undoubtedly, and on crystal boundary and phase boundary, the bismuth of unit are distribution will greatly reduce, and improve the dispersion of bismuth
Property, decrease the existence probability of film like bismuth, the physical property of material, cutting ability and heat crack resistance can be improved.Stannum is rear
During the heat treatment continued, occur from β α+γ phase eutectoid reaction in opposite directions, eliminate the β phase of fragility to a certain extent, improve moulding of material
Property.
Selenium, also can play the effect of crystal grain thinning, and selenium makes strip α phase and β phase substantially disappear (see accompanying drawing 3), recessed β phase
Being surrounded isolation by α phase, and α phase (Plastic phase) volume basis amount increases, β phase (brittlement phase) volumn concentration reduces relatively.With
Time, the addition of selenium has dewetting effect, the bismuth of film like is had spheroidizing bismuth, is conducive to improving its hot and cold plasticity.Again
Person, selenium can form frangible compounds with the element such as copper, zinc, bismuth and be distributed in crystal boundary and intracrystalline, also can improve alloy cutting ability
Effect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of environment-friendly type lead-free Cutting free thermal crack resistant pyrite for the deficiencies in the prior art
Alloy material and preparation method thereof, is characterized in basis brass as matrix, adds appropriate Bi, Sn and Se, prepares polynary copper
Alloy material, meets industry to Cutting free, the demand of thermal crack resistant Cu alloy material.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by techniques below measure, and wherein said raw material number, in addition to specified otherwise, is weight
Number.
The chemical composition of environment-friendly type lead-free Cutting free thermal crack resistant brass alloy material is calculated as by weight
Other impurity summation is less than 0.2%.
The preparation method of environment-friendly type lead-free Cutting free thermal crack resistant brass alloy material comprises the following steps:
(1) melting
In tough cathode 58~64 parts of addition smelting furnaces, under charcoal protection agent covers, heat up fusing;Treat that tough cathode is the most molten
After change, add phosphor bronze alloy 0.03~0.05 part of deoxidation, it is to avoid during adding selenium, produce selenium dioxide poisoning;Adjust furnace temperature
To 1150 DEG C~1250 DEG C, add the high-purity selenium of 0.03~0.2 part, be sequentially added the high purity tin and 0.4~1.5 of 0.3~0.7 part
The high purity bismuth of part, after being completely melt, agitation molten pool, adjusting bath temperature is 1020~1050 DEG C, adds 34~41 parts of electrolytic zincs,
Intensificationization slag, adjusting bath temperature is 1000~1050 DEG C, slag hitting casting or traction molding;
(2) extruding
Casting or traction molding ingot casting, composition and surface quality detection qualified after, put in induction furnace, be heated to 620
~680 DEG C, it is incubated 5~10min, makes crystal grain uniformly refine, in inserting horizontal extruder, carry out extrusion process;
(3) pickling and cold drawn processing
Above-mentioned extrusion process blank pickling, washes away oxide on surface, then carries out cold drawn processing, sets according to customer requirement
Product processing rate, is processed into half-hard state, hard state;
(4) annealing
Material after above-mentioned cold drawn processing is placed in annealing furnace, carry out stress relief annealing, homogenizing annealing, intermediate annealing,
Annealing and bright annealing before becoming, be heated to set annealing temperature, be incubated the setting time, annealing of having come out of the stove;
(5) aligning sawing
Material is aligned on straightener, sampling and measuring properties, after performance is up to standard, is sawed into designated length, surface matter
Packaging warehouse-in after amount passed examination.
The preparation method of environment-friendly type lead-free Cutting free thermal crack resistant brass alloy material, alloying element selenium, stannum, bismuth, all with height
Simple metal >=99.99% form adds, and feed time is usually no more than 3~5min, and every kind of material addition is not less than interval time
10~15min.
Performance test:
Environment-friendly type lead-free Cutting free thermal crack resistant brass alloy material, can be processed into all kinds of type product, its chemical composition and
Performance is as shown in table 1,2,3.
1, chemical composition
Table 1 chemical composition testing result (unit wt%)
2, physical property and cutting ability
Physical property is in omnipotent test aircraft measurements, and according to GB GB/T26306-2010, " free cutting copper closes cutting ability
Gold rod " the middle cutting ability method of testing mensuration specified.
Table 2 physical property and machinability testing result
Remarks: in table 2, cutting ability is compared with HPb62-3 (100%).
3, hot-working character
In order to detect the hot-working character of material, sample is cut into the small sample of 25mm length, respectively 720 DEG C, 760
DEG C, under 800 DEG C of heating conditions, carry out hot peening in the axial direction, range estimation judges the apparent condition after hammering.Specimen surface is not
Crack and be expressed as "○", generation crackle is expressed as " △ ", produces big crackle and is expressed as "×", testing result such as table 3 institute
Show.
Table 3 hot-working character testing result
The invention have the advantages that
1, this alloy material is the most leaded, meets up-to-date environmental protection standard requirement.
2, alloying element bismuth, stannum, selenium are simultaneously introduced, and bismuth plays to break cuts effect, and stannum plays refinement, nodularization crystal grain effect, and selenium rises carefully
Changing crystal grain, reduce β phase content, promotion bismuth dewetting effect, each alloy selects optimal proportional quantity, jointly acts on, and produces one
Fixed accumulative effect, meets the serviceability of material each side.
3, alloy main component Cu, Bi, Sn and Se, can the most suitably adjust, and supporting different extruding, draws
Pull out and annealing process, meet different client's requirement to product serviceability.
4, excellent cutting ability and heat crack resistance are taken into account: cutting ability reaches more than the 80% of HPb62-3;High temperature
650 DEG C~800 DEG C of heat crack resistances good, it is adaptable to the heat processing techniques such as hot extrusion, forge hot, drop stamping;Physical property reaches
Ledrite HPb59-1 level.
5, alloy adding is few, and cost of material can reduce by 5~10%, and production equipment and process is simple, suitable big rule
Mould industrialization produces.
Detailed description of the invention
By the following examples the present invention is specifically described, it is necessary to it is pointed out here that be that the present embodiment is served only for
Being further described the present invention, it is impossible to be interpreted as the restriction to invention protection domain, the person skilled in the art in this field can
Some nonessential improvement and the adjustment made with the content according to the invention described above.
Embodiment 1
(1) melting
In 58 parts of addition smelting furnaces of tough cathode, under charcoal protection agent covers, heat up fusing;Treat that tough cathode is completely melt
After, add 0.03 part of deoxidation of phosphor bronze alloy, it is to avoid during adding selenium, produce selenium dioxide poisoning;Adjust furnace temperature to 1150
DEG C, add the high-purity selenium of 0.03 part, be sequentially added the high purity tin of 0.3 part and the high purity bismuth of 0.4 part, after being completely melt, stirring is molten
Pond, adjusting bath temperature is 1020 DEG C, adds 43 parts of electrolytic zincs, intensificationization slag, and adjusting bath temperature is 1000 DEG C, and slag hitting is cast
Or traction molding.
(2) extruding
Casting or the ingot casting of traction molding, composition and surface quality detection qualified after, put in induction furnace, be heated to 70 ±
5 DEG C DEG C, it is incubated 5min, makes crystal grain uniformly refine, insert in horizontal extruder, use Φ 6.2 5 hole extrusion die to extrude
Processing, extrusion ratio 52.
(3) pickling, cold drawn and annealing
After above-mentioned extrusion billet is cooled to room temperature, carries out pickling, wash away oxide on surface.Receive after the cooling of above-mentioned extrusion billet
Contract 20, the extrusion billet of Φ 6, drawing butt welding harvest astragal in machine drawing.
Drawing and annealing process:
(4) aligning sawing
Φ 3.2 product, sampling and measuring properties, after performance is up to standard, it is sawed into designated length, surface quality passed examination
Rear packaging warehouse-in.
Embodiment 2
(1) melting
In 64 parts of addition smelting furnaces of tough cathode, under charcoal protection agent covers, heat up fusing;Treat that tough cathode is completely melt
After, add 0.05 part of deoxidation of phosphor bronze alloy, it is to avoid during adding selenium, produce selenium dioxide poisoning;Adjust furnace temperature to 1250
DEG C, add the high-purity selenium of 0.2 part, be sequentially added the high purity tin of 0.7 part and the high purity bismuth of 1.5 parts, after being completely melt, stirring is molten
Pond, adjusting bath temperature is 1020~1050 DEG C, adds 36 parts of electrolytic zincs, intensificationization slag, adjustment bath temperature be 1000~
1050 DEG C, slag hitting casting or traction molding.
(2) extruding
Casting or traction molding ingot casting, composition and surface quality detection qualified after, put in induction furnace, be heated to 650
± 5 DEG C, it is incubated 10min, makes crystal grain uniformly refine, insert in horizontal extruder, use Φ 14 single hole extrusion die to extrude
Processing, extrusion ratio 51.
(3) pickling and cold drawn
After above-mentioned extrusion billet is cooled to room temperature, carries out pickling, wash away oxide on surface.Shrink 30 during extruding, obtain Φ
13.7 extrusion billets, are drawn to Φ 13 on chain drawbench.
(4) aligning sawing
Φ 13 drawing sample is aligned on straightener, and sampling and measuring properties, after performance is up to standard, is sawed into designated length,
Packaging warehouse-in after surface quality passed examination.
Embodiment 3
(1) melting
In 60 parts of addition smelting furnaces of tough cathode, under charcoal protection agent covers, heat up fusing;Treat that tough cathode is completely melt
After, add 0.04 part of deoxidation of phosphor bronze alloy, it is to avoid during adding selenium, produce selenium dioxide poisoning;Adjust furnace temperature to 1200
DEG C, add the high-purity selenium of 0.1 part, be sequentially added the high purity tin of 0.7 part and the high purity bismuth of 0.8 part, after being completely melt, stirring is molten
Pond, adjusting bath temperature is 1020~1050 DEG C, adds 40 parts of electrolytic zincs, intensificationization slag, adjustment bath temperature be 1000~
1050 DEG C, slag hitting casting or traction molding.
(2) extruding
Casting or traction molding ingot casting, composition and surface quality detection qualified after, put in induction furnace, be heated to 640
± 5 DEG C, it is incubated 8min, makes crystal grain uniformly refine, insert in horizontal extruder, use Φ 33.6 single hole extrusion die to extrude
Processing, extrusion ratio 7.5.
(3) pickling and cold drawn
After above-mentioned extrusion billet is cooled to room temperature, carries out pickling, wash away oxide on surface.Shrink 60 during extruding, obtain Φ
33 extrusion billets, are drawn to Φ 32 on chain drawbench.
(4) aligning sawing
Φ 32 drawing sample is aligned on straightener, and sampling and measuring properties, after performance is up to standard, is sawed into designated length,
Packaging warehouse-in after surface quality passed examination.
Embodiment 4
(1) melting
In 59 parts of addition smelting furnaces of tough cathode, under charcoal protection agent covers, heat up fusing;Treat that tough cathode is completely melt
After, add 0.03 part of deoxidation of phosphor bronze alloy, it is to avoid during adding selenium, produce selenium dioxide poisoning;Adjust furnace temperature to 1200
DEG C, add the high-purity selenium of 0.1 part, be sequentially added the high purity tin of 0.4 part and the high purity bismuth of 1.0 parts, after being completely melt, stirring is molten
Pond, adjusting bath temperature is 1020~1050 DEG C, adds 41 parts of electrolytic zincs, intensificationization slag, adjustment bath temperature be 1000~
1050 DEG C, slag hitting casting or traction molding.
(2) extruding
Casting or traction molding ingot casting, composition and surface quality detection qualified after, put in induction furnace, be heated to 670
± 5 DEG C, it is incubated 8min, makes crystal grain uniformly refine, insert in horizontal extruder, use Φ 7 five hole extrusion die to carry out extruding and add
Work, extrusion ratio 40.8.
(3) pickling, cold drawn and annealing
After above-mentioned extrusion billet is cooled to room temperature, carries out pickling, wash away oxide on surface.Receive after the cooling of above-mentioned extrusion billet
Contract 20, the extrusion billet of Φ 6.8, drawing butt welding harvest astragal in machine drawing.
Drawing and annealing process are as follows:
(4) aligning sawing
Φ 6 drawing sample is aligned on straightener, sampling and measuring properties, after performance is up to standard, is sawed into designated length, table
Warehouse-in is packed after face quality examination is qualified.
Embodiment 5
(1) melting
In 62 parts of addition smelting furnaces of tough cathode, under charcoal protection agent covers, heat up fusing;Treat that tough cathode is completely melt
After, add 0.05 part of deoxidation of phosphor bronze alloy, it is to avoid during adding selenium, produce selenium dioxide poisoning;Adjust furnace temperature to 1150
DEG C, add the high-purity selenium of 0.15 part, be sequentially added the high purity tin of 0.6 part and the high purity bismuth of 1.3 parts, after being completely melt, stirring is molten
Pond, adjusting bath temperature is 1020~1050 DEG C, adds 38 parts of electrolytic zincs, intensificationization slag, adjustment bath temperature be 1000~
1050 DEG C, slag hitting casting or traction molding.
(2) extruding
Casting or traction molding ingot casting, composition and surface quality detection qualified after, put in induction furnace, be heated to 640
± 5 DEG C, it is incubated 10min, makes crystal grain uniformly refine, insert in horizontal extruder, use Φ 25.2 single hole extrusion die to squeeze
Pressure processing, extrusion ratio 15.7.
(3) pickling and cold drawn
After above-mentioned extrusion billet is cooled to room temperature, carries out pickling, wash away oxide on surface.Shrink 40 during extruding, obtain Φ
24.8 extrusion billets, are drawn to Φ 24 on chain drawbench.
(4) aligning sawing
Φ 24 drawing sample is aligned on straightener, and sampling and measuring properties, after performance is up to standard, is sawed into designated length,
Packaging warehouse-in after surface quality passed examination.
Embodiment 6
(1) melting
In 61 parts of addition smelting furnaces of tough cathode, under charcoal protection agent covers, heat up fusing;Treat that tough cathode is completely melt
After, add 0.04 part of deoxidation of phosphor bronze alloy, it is to avoid during adding selenium, produce selenium dioxide poisoning;Adjust furnace temperature to 1250
DEG C, add the high-purity selenium of 0.2 part, be sequentially added the high purity tin of 0.7 part and the high purity bismuth of 0.8 part, after being completely melt, stirring is molten
Pond, adjusting bath temperature is 1020~1050 DEG C, adds 39 parts of electrolytic zincs, intensificationization slag, adjustment bath temperature be 1000~
1050 DEG C, slag hitting casting or traction molding;
(2) extruding
Casting or traction molding ingot casting, composition and surface quality detection qualified after, put in induction furnace, be heated to 630
± 5 DEG C, it is incubated 5min, makes crystal grain uniformly refine, insert in horizontal extruder, use 27 × 27 single hole extrusion dies to extrude
Processing, extrusion ratio 12.2.
(3) pickling and cold drawn
After above-mentioned extrusion billet is cooled to room temperature, carries out pickling, wash away oxide on surface.Shrink 60 during extruding, obtain Φ
26.4 × 26.4 extrusion billets, are drawn to 25.4 × 25.4 on chain drawbench.
(4) aligning sawing
25.4 × 25.4 products are aligned on straightener, sampling and measuring properties, after performance is up to standard, are sawed into appointment long
Degree, packaging warehouse-in after surface quality passed examination.
Claims (3)
1. an environment-friendly type lead-free Cutting free thermal crack resistant brass alloy material, it is characterised in that the chemistry one-tenth of this brass alloy material
Divide and be calculated as by weight
Other impurity summation is less than 0.2%.
2. the preparation method of environment-friendly type lead-free Cutting free thermal crack resistant brass alloy material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) melting
By in tough cathode 58~64 parts of addition smelting furnaces, under charcoal protection agent covers, heat up fusing;Treat that tough cathode is completely melt
After, add phosphor bronze alloy 0.03~0.05 part of deoxidation, it is to avoid during adding selenium, produce selenium dioxide poisoning;Adjust furnace temperature extremely
1150 DEG C~1250 DEG C, add the high-purity selenium of 0.03~0.2 part, be sequentially added the high purity tin of 0.3~0.7 part and 0.4~1.5 part
High purity bismuth, after being completely melt, agitation molten pool, adjust bath temperature be 1020~1050 DEG C, adds 34~41 parts of electrolytic zincs, liter
Temperatureization slag, adjusting bath temperature is 1000~1050 DEG C, slag hitting casting or traction molding;
(2) extruding
Will casting or traction molding ingot casting, detect qualified after, put in induction furnace, be heated to 620~680 DEG C, insulation 5~
10min, makes crystal grain uniformly refine, and carries out extrusion process in inserting horizontal extruder;
(3) pickling and cold drawn processing
By above-mentioned extrusion process blank pickling, wash away oxide on surface, then carry out cold drawn processing, set according to customer requirement and produce
Product working modulus, is processed into half-hard state, hard state;
(4) annealing
Material after above-mentioned cold drawn processing is placed in annealing furnace, carries out stress relief annealing, homogenizing annealing, intermediate annealing, one-tenth
Front annealing and bright annealing, be heated to set annealing temperature, be incubated the setting time, annealing of having come out of the stove;
(5) aligning sawing
After annealing, material is aligned on straightener, is sawed into designated length, packaging warehouse-in after surface quality passed examination.
3. the preparation method of environment-friendly type lead-free Cutting free thermal crack resistant brass alloy material as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that
Alloying element selenium, stannum, bismuth, all add with high pure metal >=99.99% form, and feed time is usually no more than 3~5min, every kind
Material addition is not less than 10~15min interval time.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109385637A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-26 | 江西凯安智能股份有限公司 | A kind of brass producing process of sheet and strip |
CN109628870A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-16 | 陶乐敏 | A kind of environment-friendly type lead-free alloy material and its processing technology |
CN110055439A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-07-26 | 扬州好管家科技信息咨询有限公司 | Electronic component manufacture high-ductility thermal crack resistant brass alloys and its preparation process |
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JP2005281714A (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-13 | Dowa Mining Co Ltd | Copper alloy and its manufacturing method |
CN101573462A (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2009-11-04 | 株式会社开滋 | Lead-free brass alloy with excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking |
CN102864329A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-09 | 浙江天河铜业股份有限公司 | Easily cut and easily hot-forged brass alloy suitable for horizontal continuous casting |
CN104831116A (en) * | 2015-05-16 | 2015-08-12 | 四川鑫炬矿业资源开发股份有限公司 | Environment-friendly easy-cutting hot-cracking-resistant selenium-bismuth brass material and preparation process thereof |
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JPS6152333A (en) * | 1984-08-21 | 1986-03-15 | Toshiba Corp | Bonding wire |
JP2005281714A (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-13 | Dowa Mining Co Ltd | Copper alloy and its manufacturing method |
CN101573462A (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2009-11-04 | 株式会社开滋 | Lead-free brass alloy with excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking |
CN102864329A (en) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-01-09 | 浙江天河铜业股份有限公司 | Easily cut and easily hot-forged brass alloy suitable for horizontal continuous casting |
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CN109385637A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-26 | 江西凯安智能股份有限公司 | A kind of brass producing process of sheet and strip |
CN109628870A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-04-16 | 陶乐敏 | A kind of environment-friendly type lead-free alloy material and its processing technology |
CN110055439A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-07-26 | 扬州好管家科技信息咨询有限公司 | Electronic component manufacture high-ductility thermal crack resistant brass alloys and its preparation process |
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Application publication date: 20160831 |