CN105908003B - A kind of ceramic electric contact composite material of silver and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of ceramic electric contact composite material of silver and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105908003B
CN105908003B CN201610252143.0A CN201610252143A CN105908003B CN 105908003 B CN105908003 B CN 105908003B CN 201610252143 A CN201610252143 A CN 201610252143A CN 105908003 B CN105908003 B CN 105908003B
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China
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silver
ceramic
powder
electric contact
ceramics
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CN105908003A (en
Inventor
谢明
孙旭东
陈家林
孙绍霞
杨有才
陈永泰
刘满门
王松
胡洁琼
王塞北
张吉明
李爱坤
朱刚
李再久
陈松
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Kunming Institute of Precious Metals
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Kunming Institute of Precious Metals
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
    • C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/14—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of noble metals or alloys based thereon

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of ceramic electric contact composite material of silver and preparation method thereof, silver ceramics electrical contact composite material compositions (weight %) are：Ceramics (Ti3AlC2) be：1%~5%, rare earth oxide (Y2O3) be：0.1%~5.0%, rare earth oxide (Gd2O3) be：0.1%~5.0%, tin oxide (Sn2O3) be：0.1%~5.0%, surplus Ag.Preparation method includes：By silver powder and ceramic powder, rareearth oxidate powder, putty powder etc., it is uniformly mixed than preparing, using the processing of high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) high densification and hot-working, obtains a kind of ceramic electric contact composite material of long-life self-lubricating silver.Preparation technology of the present invention is simple, environmentally safe, the excellent combination property of composite and stably, is suitable for industrialized production, and resulting composite has been applied to prepare electric contact material, brush material, pantograph pan, electrode material etc..

Description

A kind of silver-ceramic electric contact composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of silver-ceramic electric contact composite material and preparation method thereof, belong to silver-based electrical material field.
Technical background
Silver-serial electrical material of ceramics mainly has AgSnO2、AgSnO2In2O3、AgZnO、AgWC、AgTiC、AgBN、 AgCdO etc., wherein, AgCdO electric contact materials (contain CdO：8%~15%) due to its excellent anti electric arc corrosion, anti-molten Weldering property and relatively low contact resistance, are referred to as " best contact material " for a long time.But due to cadmium element and its chemical combination The presence of thing, the pollution problem of " cadmium poison " is all suffered from during production, use, recovery of AgCdO materials etc..This is due to (1) CdO can assemble in vivo, such as in kidney stolen goods, bone and blood, strengthen its toxicity；(2) for the mankind, cadmium And its compound is the second class poisonous chemical substance, particularly easily causes liver cancer, lung cancer etc..(3) cadmium and its compound are in ring Mobility in border is very high, it is easy to propagates and spreads, have larger destruction and contamination to human body and natural environment, inhales Receive smog containing cadmium or dust exceedes harmful during critical content, Itai-itai diseases, breathing problem, kidney failure can be caused Deng severe one jeopardizes human life.
In view of the problems such as polluting environment existing for AgCdO materials, being detrimental to health, domestic and international relevant industry has been carried out greatly Quantifier elimination and development.In the world such as, German (Degussa, Doduco, SIEMENS company), Britain (JMM companies), day This (Toshiba, Tanaka, China and foreign countries' electrical equipment, Jia You commercial firms), the U.S. (Westinghouse Electric, Fensteel affiliated companies, Mallory companies) Deng；The country, such as Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Guilin institute of electricity section, Shanghai institute of electricity section, Foshan Precision Electrical Alloy Co., Ltd., Soviet Union State electrical alloy Co., Ltd, upper marine uncommon electrician Co., Ltd, Guilin Jin Ge electrician Co., Ltd, Tianjin mostly gram electrician close The units such as golden Co., Ltd, a large amount of fruitful work are carried out.
In silver-serial electric contact composite material of ceramics, silver-tin material is comparatively ideal one in numerous generation cadmium materials Kind, but Surface Creation fine and close SnO during AgSn alloy inner oxidations2, alloy can be prevented to continue internal oxidition, adding In can accelerate The internal oxidition of alloy, but In's is expensive, resources reserve is less, and cost is higher.And the temperature of silver-tin composite Liter is higher than silver-cadmium oxide composite, has severely impacted the contact resistance and resistance fusion welding energy of composite.Meanwhile AgSnO2The problem of material processing difficulties, is not solved well always.
The content of the invention
The silver of the present invention-ceramics make electrical contact with composite material compositions (weight %)：Ceramics (Ti3AlC2) be：1%~5%, Rare earth oxide (Y2O3) be：0.1%~5.0%, rare earth oxide (Gd2O3) be：0.1%~5.0%, tin oxide (Sn2O3) For：0.1%~5.0%, surplus Ag.
The preparation method of silver-ceramic electric contact composite material of the present invention is as follows：
(1) by -100 mesh Ag powder prepared by chemical coprecipitation and -300 mesh Ti3AlC2Ceramics, rare earth oxide, oxidation Tin powder, the material composition requirement of weight percent are matched, are put into high-energy stirring formula ball milling tank body, with rotating speed 100r/ Min~1000r/min, alternation time are 1-2min, and ratio of grinding media to material is (3-5):1, ball milling is well mixed after 7~10 hours Silver-ceramic composite powder material.
(2) silver-ceramic composite powder material being well mixed in process (1) is put in vacuum annealing furnace and carried out at purification Reason, to eliminate internal stress caused by high-energy ball milling processing hardening, heat treatment temperature is 200 DEG C~400 DEG C, and the time is 2~3 small When.
(3) silver-ceramic composite powder material obtained in process (2) is encased in the stainless steel capsule of circle, carried out Hip densification molding is processed；Concrete technology is：Forvacuum degree is<1×10-3Pa, 10 DEG C~20 DEG C of heating rate/ Min, temperature are 700 DEG C~900 DEG C, and pressure is 100MPa~200MPa, 2~3 hours dwell times, obtains relative density and exists More than 99.8% high fine and close silver-ceramic composite.
(4) silver-ceramic composite ingot blank is extruded as sheet material, silk material, extrusion ratio again>30:1, extrusion temperature is 550 DEG C ~850 DEG C.
(5) extrded material is prepared into the products such as silk material, sheet material, profile shapes again by the processing such as rolling, drawing, heat treatment； Rolling, drawing deformation amount are 20%~60%, and heat treatment temperature is 450 DEG C~750 DEG C, and the final silver-ceramic electrical contact that obtains is answered Condensation material.
Kunming Institute of Precious Metals is on the basis of the research and development of long campaigns noble metal electric contact material, selection： Ti3AlC2、Y2O3、Gd2O3、Sn2O3Ceramics are used as self-lubricating phase and hardening constituent, and finding the addition of hybrid ceramic can effectively improve The arc resistant ablation ability of silver-based electric contact material, the resistance fusion welding for improving material, promote the raising of material electrical contact performance.Together When, high-energy stirring formula ball grinding technique, the trickle particle such as equi-axed crystal tissue, ceramics, rare earth oxide is also formed, is uniformly distributed In on the transgranular and crystal boundary of silver matrix, materials microstructure uniformity is improved, improves physics, mechanics, electricity and the electricity of material Contact performance etc., at the same it is smaller to the plasticity and resistivity effects of composite.
The excellent of the advanced machining technology such as composite, high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP), hot extrusion processing is prepared using ceramic mixture is added Change and integrate, the preparation for silver-ceramic electric contact composite material provides new way.
Embodiment
The preparation method of silver-ceramic electric contact composite material of the present invention is as follows：
(1) by -100 mesh Ag powder prepared by chemical coprecipitation and -300 mesh Ti3AlC2Ceramics, rare earth oxide, oxidation Tin powder, the material composition requirement of weight percent are matched, are put into high-energy stirring formula ball milling tank body, with rotating speed 100r/ Min~1000r/min, alternation time are 1-2min, and ratio of grinding media to material is (3-5):1, ball milling is well mixed after 7~10 hours Silver-ceramic composite powder material.
(2) silver-ceramic composite powder material being well mixed in process (1) is put in vacuum annealing furnace and carried out at purification Reason, to eliminate internal stress caused by high-energy ball milling processing hardening, heat treatment temperature is 200 DEG C~400 DEG C, and the time is 2~3 small When.
(3) silver-ceramic composite powder material obtained in process (2) is encased in the stainless steel capsule of circle, carried out Hip densification molding is processed；Concrete technology is：Forvacuum degree is<1×10-3Pa, 10 DEG C~20 DEG C of heating rate/ Min, temperature are 700 DEG C~900 DEG C, and pressure is 100MPa~200MPa, 2~3 hours dwell times, obtains relative density and exists More than 99.8% high fine and close silver-ceramic composite.
(4) silver-ceramic composite ingot blank is extruded as sheet material, silk material, extrusion ratio again>30:1, extrusion temperature is 550 DEG C ~850 DEG C.
(5) extrded material is prepared into the products such as silk material, sheet material, profile shapes again by the processing such as rolling, drawing, heat treatment； Rolling, drawing deformation amount are 20%~60%, and heat treatment temperature is 450 DEG C~750 DEG C, and the final silver-ceramic electrical contact that obtains is answered Condensation material.
The specific implementation row of silver-ceramic electric contact composite material of the present invention are as follows：
(1) Physical and mechanical properties of composite are as shown in table 1.
The performance indications of the silver medal of table 1.-ceramic electric contact composite material
(2) silver-ceramic electric contact composite material of the invention carries out electrical contact on ASTM comprehensive electrochemical properties testing machines It can test, concrete outcome is as shown in table 2.
The silver medal of table 2.-ceramic electric contact composite material electrical contact performance index
Sequence number Title material Experimental condition Working life/ten thousand time
1 Ag-1.0Ti3AlC20.5Y2O30.5Gd2O30.5SnO2 AC:220V,10A 10
2 Ag-2.0Ti3AlC21.0Y2O31.0Gd2O31.0SnO2 AC:220V,15A 20
3 Ag-3.0Ti3AlC21.5Y2O31.5Gd2O31.5SnO2 AC:220V,20A 10
4 Ag-5.0Ti3AlC22.0Y2O32.0Gd2O32.0SnO2 AC:220V,30A 20

Claims (1)

1. a kind of preparation method of silver-ceramic functional material, its feature include following technical process：
(1) by the Ti of -100 mesh Ag powder prepared by chemical coprecipitation and -300 mesh3AlC2Ceramics, rare earth oxide, tin oxide Powder, silver-ceramics electrical contact composite material compositions percentage by weight are：Ceramics are Ti3AlC2For：1%~5%, rare earth oxide That is Y2O3For：0.1%~5.0%, rare earth oxide is Gd2O3For：0.1%~5.0%, tin oxide is Sn2O3For：0.1%~ 5.0%, surplus be Ag material composition requirement match, be put into high-energy stirring formula ball milling tank body, with rotating speed 100r/min~ 1000r/min, alternation time are 1-2min, ratio of grinding media to material 3-5:1, ball milling obtains well mixed Yin-pottery after 7~10 hours Porcelain composite powder material；
(2) silver-ceramic composite powder material being well mixed in process (1) is put in vacuum annealing furnace and purify at annealing Reason, to eliminate hardening phenomenon caused by ball milling process, heat treatment temperature is 200 DEG C~400 DEG C, and the time is 2~3 hours；
(3) silver-ceramic composite powder material obtained in process (2) is encased in the stainless steel capsule of circle, carries out heat etc. Static pressure is densified processing and forming；Concrete technology is：Forvacuum degree is<1×10-3Pa, 10 DEG C of heating rate~20 DEG C/min, adds Hot temperature is 700 DEG C~900 DEG C, and dwell pressure is 100MPa~200MPa, 2~3 hours dwell times, obtains relative density and exists More than 99.8% high fine and close silver-ceramic composite；
(4) silver-ceramic composite ingot blank is extruded as sheet material, silk material, extrusion ratio again>30:1, extrusion temperature be 550 DEG C~ 850℃；
(5) extrded material is prepared into the products such as silk material, sheet material, profile shapes again by the processing such as rolling, drawing, heat treatment；Roll System, drawing deformation amount are 20%~60%, and heat treatment temperature is 450 DEG C~750 DEG C.
CN201610252143.0A 2016-04-21 2016-04-21 A kind of ceramic electric contact composite material of silver and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN105908003B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106834783A (en) * 2017-02-17 2017-06-13 昆明贵金属研究所 A kind of Ti2AlN CNT composite strengthening silver-based electric contact materials and preparation method thereof
CN110016583B (en) * 2018-11-16 2021-07-09 贵研铂业股份有限公司 Gold-ceramic electric contact composite material and preparation method thereof
CN110499435B (en) * 2019-09-20 2021-07-09 昆明贵金属研究所 Silver-based electric contact material and preparation method thereof
CN112620641A (en) * 2020-12-24 2021-04-09 福达合金材料股份有限公司 Silver tin oxide electric contact material and manufacturing method thereof
CN115679145B (en) * 2022-09-19 2023-05-02 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） Neutron absorber material of control rod and preparation method thereof
CN116837247B (en) * 2023-05-22 2024-02-06 贵研中希（上海）新材料科技有限公司 Preparation method of electric contact noble metal material for new energy field

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1595568A (en) * 2004-07-02 2005-03-16 天津大学 Method for preparing submicron silver-tin dioxide electrical contact material
CN1624838A (en) * 2004-12-08 2005-06-08 昆明贵金属研究所 Silver-tin oxide electrical contact material and preparation method thereof
CN101345142A (en) * 2008-08-25 2009-01-14 倪树春 Electrical contact material with Ti3SiC2 multi-layer compound structure and preparation technique
CN101343700A (en) * 2008-08-25 2009-01-14 倪树春 Ag/Ti3SiC2 electric contact material and manufacturing process
CN101763956A (en) * 2009-12-24 2010-06-30 桂林电器科学研究所 Silver-graphite electrical contact material and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1595568A (en) * 2004-07-02 2005-03-16 天津大学 Method for preparing submicron silver-tin dioxide electrical contact material
CN1624838A (en) * 2004-12-08 2005-06-08 昆明贵金属研究所 Silver-tin oxide electrical contact material and preparation method thereof
CN101345142A (en) * 2008-08-25 2009-01-14 倪树春 Electrical contact material with Ti3SiC2 multi-layer compound structure and preparation technique
CN101343700A (en) * 2008-08-25 2009-01-14 倪树春 Ag/Ti3SiC2 electric contact material and manufacturing process
CN101763956A (en) * 2009-12-24 2010-06-30 桂林电器科学研究所 Silver-graphite electrical contact material and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20160831

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Denomination of invention: Silver-ceramic electric-contact composite material and preparation method thereof

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