CN105905993A - 一种基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105905993A
CN105905993A CN201610416149.7A CN201610416149A CN105905993A CN 105905993 A CN105905993 A CN 105905993A CN 201610416149 A CN201610416149 A CN 201610416149A CN 105905993 A CN105905993 A CN 105905993A
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孙治荣
张进伟
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Abstract

一种基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极的制备方法,属于电化学水处理技术领域。将石墨烯超声分散于Nafion的异丙醇溶液中,超声分散,制得均匀分散的Graphene‑Nafion分散液,取该分散液均匀滴涂在钛网上自然晾干,得到Graphene‑Nafion/Ti电极;再以其为阴极,铂片为阳极,以氯化钯(PdCl2)溶液为电解液,电沉积制得基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极Pd/Graphene‑Nafion/Ti。本发明制备的电极与同条件下制备的无石墨烯修饰的Pd/Ti电极相比,具有更高的催化活性。

Description

一种基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于电化学水处理技术领域,涉及一种基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极的制备方法,主要用于水中氯代有机物的电化学还原脱氯。
背景技术
氯代有机物作为一种生产材料和中间产物在化工、医药、电子、制革等方面有着广泛的应用并被排放到环境中。然而,几乎所有的氯代有机物都有毒性,其中很多化合物被认为具有“致癌、致畸、致突变”效应,而且其在环境中长期残留,很难除去,是一类典型的持久性有机污染物。因此,进行水中氯代有机物去除的研究是十分必要的。目前氯代有机物的去除方法有吸附、高级氧化法、微生物降解法以及电化学法等。电化学技术作为一种环境友好技术,在环境治理特别是废水中生物难降解有机物的去除方面有着良好的应用前景。
电极是电化学方法的核心,电极材料的好坏直接影响着有机污染物的降解效果。钯因为具有良好的活性氢储存能力从而促进脱氯反应,成为催化剂研究的重点。碳材料在催化领域中有着广泛的应用。大量的研究结果表明,当碳材料作为催化剂载体时,碳载体的结构对催化剂的性能有着明显的影响。随着对石墨烯的研究的进一步深入,发现其平面结构的两侧均可以担载贵金属粒子,特别是石墨烯的高导电性和巨大的比表面积,使其特别适于作为催化剂载体,将催化剂粒子担载在石墨烯的表面上可明显降低催化反应的过电势,利于催化反应的进行。因此,石墨烯修饰的负载钯催化剂电极进行电催化还原脱氯是处置氯代有机污染物较为高效、低耗的方法。
本发明以Graphene-Nafion作为中间层修饰,致力于制备出高效的电催化还原脱氯电极。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中的问题,提供一种制备简便、催化活性强的以钛网为基质的基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极(Pd/Graphene-Nafion/Ti)的制备方法。
上述Pd/Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极的制备方法与过程,包括以下步骤:
(1)将钛网依次置入碳酸钠溶液(优选浓度0.3mol/L)的中浸洗除油、在草酸溶液(优选浓度0.1mol/L)中煮沸去除表面氧化物,然后用二次蒸馏水冲洗干净,氮气吹干备用;
(2)取石墨烯分散于质量浓度为0.05%~0.65%的Nafion的异丙醇溶液中,石墨烯质量浓度0.02%~0.1%(优选0.04%),超声分散,制得均匀分散的Graphene-Nafion分散液备用;
(3)取氯化钯粉末加入盐酸中完全溶解,制得氯化钯溶液备用,其中优选采用每1g氯化钯对应加入3mol/L的盐酸溶液100ml并对应加水稀释得到4g/L的氯化钯溶液;
(4)取步骤(2)得到的分散液,均匀滴涂在步骤(1)处理过的钛网上,水平静置自然晾干,制得Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极;其中优选每8cm2钛网对应滴涂50-70μL步骤(2)的分散液;
(5)以步骤(4)制备的Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极为阴极,铂片为阳极,以步骤(3)制备的氯化钯溶液为电解液,恒电流沉积制得Pd/Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极;优选电流密度为1.25~3.75mA/cm2,沉积时间为35~55min。
制备的基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极作为阴极,用于水中氯代有机物的电化学还原脱氯,具有优异的性能。
与现有技术相比较,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明以钛网为基质,利用其耐高低温、耐强酸耐腐蚀、高强度等高稳定性特点,有利于保持电极的稳定性,为其实现对氯代有机物的电化学还原脱氯提供基础。
2、本发明以石墨烯作为修饰,充分利用其高比表面积、高导电性和稳定性的特性,提高了电极的比表面积,从而为钯催化剂提供了更多的附着位点,有利于增强电极的催化活性。
3、本发明将石墨烯分散于有机溶剂(异丙醇)中,有利于石墨烯的均匀分散,同时加入Nafion溶液,利用Nafion的快速成膜及其强附着力的特性,使石墨烯稳定附着在钛网基质表面。
4、本发明采用滴涂法将石墨烯修饰于钛网基质表面,操作简单。
5、本发明采用滴涂和电化学沉积的方法制备Pd/Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极,具有较高的催化活性。
附图说明
图1为石墨烯附着在钛网表面的扫描电镜图片。
图2为钯催化剂沉积在Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极的扫描电镜图片(由球针状结构和球状结构组成的花球结构)。
图3为实施例1、实施例2的Pd/Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极和对比例的Pd/Ti电极的循环伏安扫描曲线。
具体实施方式
下面实施例和对比例将结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1:
(1)将2cm×2cm的钛网依次置入0.3mol/L的碳酸钠溶液中浸洗除油、在0.1mol/L的草酸溶液中煮沸保持30min去除表面氧化物,然后用二次蒸馏水冲洗干净,氮气吹干备用;
(2)取石墨烯分散于质量浓度为0.2%的Nafion的异丙醇溶液中,石墨烯质量浓度0.04%,超声分散30min,制得均匀分散的Graphene-Nafion分散液备用;
(3)采用每1g氯化钯对应加入3mol/L的盐酸溶液100ml并对应加水稀释得到4g/L的氯化钯溶液;
(4)取60μL步骤(2)得到的分散液,均匀滴涂在步骤(1)处理过的钛网上,水平静置自然晾干,制得Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极。由图1可见,石墨烯附着在了电极表面;
(5)以步骤(4)制备的Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极为阴极,铂片为阳极,以步骤(3)制备的氯化钯溶液为电解液,恒电流沉积电流密度为2.5mA/cm2,沉积时间为45min,制得Pd/Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极。由图2可见,钯沉积到了电极表面;
(6)以步骤(5)得到的Pd/Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极为工作电极,Pt片为对电极,Hg/Hg2SO4为参比电极,在0.5mol/L的H2SO4溶液中进行循环伏安扫描,扫描速度为50mV/min,扫描范围为-700mV~700mV。
实施例2:
(1)将2cm×2cm的钛网依次置入0.3mol/L的碳酸钠溶液中浸洗除油、在0.1mol/L的草酸溶液中煮沸保持30min去除表面氧化物,然后用二次蒸馏水冲洗干净,氮气吹干备用;
(2)取石墨烯分散于质量浓度为0.2%的Nafion的异丙醇溶液中,石墨烯质量浓度0.06%,超声分散30min,制得均匀分散的Graphene-Nafion分散液备用;
(3)采用每1g氯化钯对应加入3mol/L的盐酸溶液100ml并对应加水稀释得到4g/L的氯化钯溶液;
(4)取60μL步骤(2)得到的分散液,均匀滴涂在步骤(1)处理过的钛网上,水平静置自然晾干,制得Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极;
(5)以步骤(4)制备的Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极为阴极,铂片为阳极,以步骤(3)制备的氯化钯溶液为电解液,恒电流沉积电流密度为3.125mA/cm2,沉积时间为45min,制得Pd/Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极。
(6)以步骤(5)得到的Pd/Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极为工作电极,Pt片为对电极,Hg/Hg2SO4为参比电极,在0.5mol/L的H2SO4溶液中进行循环伏安扫描,扫描速度为50mV/min,扫描范围为-700mV~700mV。
对比例:
(1)将2cm×2cm的钛网依次置入0.3mol/L的碳酸钠溶液中浸洗除油、在0.1mol/L的草酸溶液中煮沸保持30min去除表面氧化物,然后用二次蒸馏水冲洗干净,氮气吹干备用;
(2)采用每1g氯化钯对应加入3mol/L的盐酸溶液100ml并对应加水稀释得到4g/L的氯化钯溶液;
(3)以步骤(1)制备的钛网为阴极,铂片为阳极,以步骤(2)制备的氯化钯溶液为电解液,恒电流沉积电流密度为3.125mA/cm2,沉积时间为45min,制得Pd/Ti电极。
(6)以步骤(5)得到的Pd/Ti电极为工作电极,Pt片为对电极,Hg/Hg2SO4为参比电极,在0.5mol/L的H2SO4溶液中进行循环伏安扫描,扫描速度为50mV/min,扫描范围为-700mV~700mV。由图3可见,实施例1和实施例2与对比例相比都具有更高的峰电流值,电极性能较高。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将钛网依次置入碳酸钠溶液中浸洗除油、在草酸溶液中煮沸去除表面氧化物,然后用二次蒸馏水冲洗干净,氮气吹干备用;
(2)取石墨烯(Graphene)分散于质量浓度为0.05%~0.65%的Nafion的异丙醇溶液中,石墨烯质量浓度0.02%~0.1%,超声分散,制得均匀分散的Graphene-Nafion分散液备用;
(3)取氯化钯粉末加入盐酸中完全溶解,制得氯化钯溶液备用;
(4)取步骤(2)得到的分散液,均匀滴涂在步骤(1)处理过的钛网上,水平静置自然晾干,制得Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极;
(5)以步骤(4)制备的Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极为阴极,铂片为阳极,以步骤(3)制备的氯化钯溶液为电解液,恒电流沉积制得Pd/Graphene-Nafion/Ti电极。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中石墨烯质量浓度为0.04%。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,氯化钯溶液的制备:采用每1g氯化钯对应加入3mol/L的盐酸溶液100ml并对应加水稀释得到4g/L的氯化钯溶液。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)每8cm2钛网对应滴涂50-70μL步骤(2)的分散液。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)电流密度为1.25~3.75mA/cm2,沉积时间为35~55min。
6.按照权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法制备得到的基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极。
7.按照权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法制备得到的基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极作为阴极,用于水中氯代有机物的电化学还原脱氯的应用。
CN201610416149.7A 2016-06-14 2016-06-14 一种基于石墨烯掺杂Nafion膜修饰的负载钯催化剂电极的制备方法 Pending CN105905993A (zh)

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