CN105903427B - 一种用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂，所述用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂为AgI，所述AgI晶体表面有具备静电效应的晶须，将AgI用激光以5‑50 mJ的脉冲能量诱导AgI晶体薄膜，使其结构发生改变，进而促进晶须的增长，最终得到本发明的具备静电效应的晶须的用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂。本发明的用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂对PM2.5等细颗粒物就有良好的吸附效用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂。
背景技术
雾霾严重危害着人体健康和道路交通安全以及生态环境。但是当前对于雾霾的治理一直没有有效的措施和解决办法。车辆限行、洒水喷淋、安装空气净化器以及大型节庆日工厂停工等方式虽能局部缓解大气污染，但是并不足以从根本上解决雾霾问题，反而造成大量水资源的浪费和用电负荷增加。近年来，国家从政府层面加大了相应雾霾治理的投入力度，中国气象局印发了《贯彻落实〈大气污染防治行动计划〉实施方案》，其中人工降雨法被视为有望解决雾霾问题最有效的技术之一。
目前，人工增雨使用的催化剂通常分为三类：第一类是可以大量产生凝结核或凝华核的碘化银等成核剂；第二类是可以使云中的水分形成大量冰晶的干冰等制冷剂；第三类是可以吸附云中水分变成较大水滴的盐粒等吸湿剂。碘化银、干冰等是适用于温度低于0℃冷云的催化剂；而盐粒等，是只适用于温度高于0℃暖云的催化剂。后者属于碱性物质，对增雨设备、农作物都有一定的腐蚀作用，所以，目前我国主要是对冷云实施人工增雨。在碘化银和干冰两者间，通常选择碘化银，因为播撒碘化银所需设备简单，费用低廉。飞机、高炮和火箭是把催化剂播撒到云中的常用人工增雨作业工具。高炮和火箭是在弹头和弹体内装填适量碘化银，从地面发射到云中适当部位后爆炸播撒或沿火箭弹道喷撒。在飞机上喷撒碘化银焰雾的方法有两种：一种是在机舱内遥控悬挂在机翼下的特制发生器，使从中喷出的碘化银丙酮溶液燃烧；另一种是遥控发射悬挂在机翼下的特制碘化银焰弹。在飞机上也可以向云中播撒小颗粒状的干冰或液氮等冷却剂或吸湿性粒子，人工制造冰晶或大水滴，促使更多的云水转化为降水。
人工降雨方式虽然能依靠湿沉降作用使PM2.5减少，但在风速较小、湿度较大的时候，降雨对PM2.5浓度的影响并不显著。且传统人工降雨所使用的用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂（如碘化银等）仅对水汽具有凝结作用，对PM2.5等细颗粒物无明显的吸附效用。这就使得依靠传统人工降雨的方法对雾霾消散并不能起到理想效果，亦不会从根本上消解雾霾问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述的技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂，提高对PM2.5等细颗粒物的吸附效用。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明一种用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂，所述用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂为AgI晶体，所述AgI 晶体表面有具备静电效应的晶须。
一种用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将AgI晶体用激光以5-50 mJ的脉冲能量诱导AgI晶体薄膜，使其结构发生改变，进而促进晶须的增长，得到用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂。
优选的，所述激光的脉冲能量为30mJ
本发明所用的AgI采用如下方法制备：
A、将0.2mol/L的硝酸银水溶液缓慢滴入0.2mol/L的KI溶液中并在室温下用磁力搅拌器搅拌均匀；
B、静置2h，得到碘化银沉淀粉体，然后用去离子水反复过滤、水洗，以便消除化学反应的残留；
C、将沉淀出的碘化银粉末放入真空干燥箱内在70~100℃下烘干5-8h，得到AgI 粉末。
优选的，所述硝酸银水溶液与所述KI溶液的体积比为1:1。
优选的，所述步骤C中的真空干燥箱的干燥温度为80℃，时间为7h。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益技术效果：本发明的碘化银通过使晶体表面生有晶须，改善和提高其静电富集能力，从而大大地提高其对PM2.5等细颗粒物的吸附作用，在凝结水分的同时将细颗粒物富集于成核表面，最后随之一同沉降。
附图说明
下面结合附图说明对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为本发明的用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂在显微镜下放大5000倍的观察图；
图2为本发明的用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂在显微镜下放大8000倍的观察图。
具体实施方式
一种用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂，该用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂为AgI，将AgI用激光以30mJ的脉冲能量诱导AgI晶体薄膜，使其结构发生改变，进而促进晶须的增长，得到本发明的具备静电效应的晶须的改性碘化银，作为优良的用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂。
本实施例中的AgI制备方法如下：
A、将0.2mol/L的硝酸银水溶液缓慢滴入0.2mol/L的KI溶液中并在室温下用磁力搅拌器搅拌均匀，硝酸银水溶液与KI溶液体积比为1：1；
B、静置2h，得到碘化银沉淀粉体，然后用去离子水反复过滤、水洗，以便消除化学反应的残留；
C、将沉淀出的碘化银粉末放入真空干燥箱内在80℃下烘干7h，得到AgI 粉末。
如图1和2所示，分别为本发明的用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂在显微镜下放大5000倍和8000倍的观察图，由图可知，碘化银晶体表面生长出了晶须。
利用模拟人工降雨系统，通过检测系统内的颗粒物含量来判断材料的催化吸附活性：
| 时间 | 反应前系统内PM2.5颗粒物含量 | 反应后系统内PM2.5颗粒物含量 | 脱除效率 |
| 0.5h | 1000 | 716 | 28.4% |
| 1h | 1000 | 380 | 62% |
| 1.5h | 1000 | 125 | 87.5% |
| 2h | 1000 | 20 | 98% |
由此可知，晶须具有良好的静电效应，能够很好地吸附PM2.5颗粒物。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.AgI晶体作为用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂的用途，其特征在于，所述AgI 晶体表面有具备静电效应的晶须；该用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂的制备包括如下步骤：将AgI晶体用激光以5-50mJ的脉冲能量诱导AgI晶体薄膜，得到用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的AgI晶体作为用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂的用途，其特征在于：所述激光的脉冲能量为30mJ。
3.根据权利要求1所述的AgI晶体作为用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂的用途，其特征在于，所述AgI晶体采用如下方法制备：
A、将0.2mol/L的硝酸银水溶液滴入0.2mol/L的KI溶液中并在室温下用磁力搅拌器搅拌均匀；
B、静置2h，得到碘化银沉淀粉体，然后用去离子水反复过滤、水洗，以便消除化学反应的残留；
C、将沉淀出的碘化银粉末放入真空干燥箱内在70~100℃下烘干5-8h，得到AgI 晶体粉末。
4.根据权利要求3所述的AgI晶体作为用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂的用途，其特征在于：所述硝酸银水溶液与所述KI溶液的体积比为1:1。
5.根据权利要求3所述的AgI晶体作为用于减轻雾霾的冷云催化剂的用途，其特征在于：所述步骤C中的真空干燥箱的干燥温度为80℃，时间为7h。
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