CN105899752A - 具有纳米管毯的钻地钻头 - Google Patents
具有纳米管毯的钻地钻头 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105899752A CN105899752A CN201380081004.0A CN201380081004A CN105899752A CN 105899752 A CN105899752 A CN 105899752A CN 201380081004 A CN201380081004 A CN 201380081004A CN 105899752 A CN105899752 A CN 105899752A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- powdery components
- nanotube
- blanket
- earth
- nano
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Fang Xie Stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/5607—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides
- C04B35/5626—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides based on tungsten carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62802—Powder coating materials
- C04B35/62828—Non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/62839—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/6303—Inorganic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3839—Refractory metal carbides
- C04B2235/3847—Tungsten carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
- C04B2235/422—Carbon
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
Abstract
提供了一种钻地钻头,其包括具有粉末组分和粘合剂的钻头体。所述粉末组分包括安置在所述粉末组分的至少一个颗粒的表面上的多个纳米管。
Description
技术领域
本公开大体上涉及用于采收地下矿床的井的钻探,且更具体地涉及使用具有纳米管毯的基质钻头体进行钻井的系统和方法。
背景技术
井被钻到各种深度以从地下地质地层使用并生产石油、天然气、矿产和其它天然矿床。钻井是由被旋转来通过移除表土、沙、粘土、石灰岩、方解石、白云石或其它材料产生井筒的钻地钻头来执行。可以采用不同类型的钻头,其中一些可以包括旋转椎体钻头或固定刀具钻头。虽然旋转椎体钻头包括由包括移动切削元件的多个旋转部件组成的钻头体,但固定刀具钻头包括具有固定至钻头体外部的切削元件的单件体。钻头体可以通过任何数量的制造方法形成,诸如浇铸、机械加工或其组合。
在固定刀具钻头的情况下,切削元件是接合并移除来自地层的材料以形成井筒的相对锋利的元件,其通常在钻头体形成之后安装并固定至钻头体。在一些情况下,固定刀具钻头由硬基质材料形成。虽然这些基质钻头通常因不锈钢而更耐腐蚀,但常常缺乏韧性和强度,因此在经受与钻井相关联的应力和力时易碎且易受破裂影响。钻头体中的裂缝可以造成切削元件受损且可以导致钻头较快地出故障。
附图说明
图1示出固定刀具钻头的实施方案的透视图;
图2示出参与钻井操作的钻头(诸如图1的固定刀具钻头)的实施方案的立视图;
图3示出沿A-A’截取的图1的固定刀具钻头的横截面图,所述钻头由具有纳米管毯的基质材料构成;
图4示出沿A-A’截取的图1的固定刀具钻头的横截面图,其示出了可以在涂有纳米管毯的粉末颗粒之间发生机械交互作用的实例;
图5示出由电子显微镜获取的纳米管毯的图像的示意图;和
图6示出描述纳米管增强剂可以如何形成在基质钻头的粉末组分上的实例的流程图。
具体实施方式
在说明性实施方案的下文详述中,参考构成这些实施方案的一部分的附图。这些实施方案足够详细地作描述以使得所属领域的技术人员能够实行本发明;且应了解,可以利用其它实施方案且可以在不背离本发明的精神或范围的情况下做出逻辑结构、机械、电和化学变化。为了避免详情不必要地使得所属领域的技术人员无法实行本文中所描述的实施方案,描述可以省略所属领域的技术人员已知的某些信息。因此,不应在限制意义上理解下文详述;且说明性实施方案的范围仅由所附权利要求书界定。
本文中所描述的实施方案涉及用于通过用纳米材料涂覆基质钻头的粉末组分来改善基质钻头的强度和耐久性的系统、工具和方法。基质钻头可以是如一些实例中所描述的固定刀具钻头。在许多实例中,用碳纳米管涂覆基质钻头的粉末组分。然后,在模具中组合粉末组分与粘合剂以形成基质钻头。合成的基质钻头改善了磨损和强度特性。碳纳米管即增大粉末组分的硬度又增加粉末组分与粘合剂之间的机械交互作用。
除非另有指明,否则描述元件之间的交互的术语“连接”、“衔接”、“联接”、“附接”或任何其它术语的任何形式的任意使用并非意在将交互限于元件之间的直接交互,且还可以包括所描述元件之间的间接互动。在下文论述和权利要求书中,术语“包括”和“包含”是以开放式形式使用,且因此应被解释为意指“包括但不限于”。如遍及本文献所使用,除非另有指示,否则“或”无需是互斥性的。
碳纳米管具有可以由单原子厚碳层形成的管状结构。在本文中所描述的许多实施方案中,碳纳米管还可以是其中连续管嵌套在彼此顶部上的多壁纳米管。可以在涂覆如本文中所描述的粉末组分中使用各种类型和类别的纳米管。
图1示出固定刀具钻头100的实施方案的透视图。钻头100包括钻头体106,所述钻头体106在靠近钻头体106的下端处具有多个刀片108。每个刀片108可以包括各自用来收纳刀具104或切削元件的多个凹口,其可以钎焊或以其它方式联接到刀片108。每个刀具104可以是包括用来形成刀具104的切削面的多晶金刚石层的多晶金刚石复合片(PDC)刀具。
钻头体106可以由硬基质材料制成,所述硬基质材料由粉末组分和粘合剂形成。粉末组分可以包括用来在基质钻头中的粉末组分与粘合剂之间提供用于增加机械交互作用的框架的碳纳米管毯。包括碳纳米管毯的粉末组分与粘合剂之间的这些交互增大基质钻头的耐久性且改善诸如合成基质的强度和增大的耐腐蚀性的性质。耐腐蚀性是基质钻头因钻井流体中的材料和基质钻头进行交互的钻井材料而耐磨损的能力。纳米管毯在基质钻头形成之前生长在基质钻头的粉末组分(或颗粒相)上。在许多情况下,粉末组分可以是碳化钨粉末(诸如可商购自Kennametal的P90或P100),但可以使用其它粉末组分。涂层催化剂可以用来协助附接纳米管,包括纳米铁颗粒、纳米钴颗粒、纳米镍颗粒和/或纳米铜颗粒。涂覆方法可以包括用纳米颗粒溶液进行涂覆,用盐溶液进行涂覆或使添加纳米颗粒的增强剂增粘。然后,提供碳基生长气体(诸如甲烷、乙炔、乙烯、一氧化碳、甲醇和乙醇)以便纳米管在从600℃到1100℃的温度下生长。
一旦用碳纳米管毯涂覆粉末组分,就可以通过组合涂有纳米管毯的粉末组分与粘合剂而形成基质钻头100。将涂有纳米管毯的粉末放置在模具中以形成钻头体106,且将粘合剂的熔化颗粒渗入到模具中以形成钻头体106。在许多情况下,粘合剂将是铜合金,诸如可商购自Belmont Metals的MF53。随着粘合剂在模制期间渗入到涂有纳米管毯的粉末组分中,粘合剂填充粉末组分中的隙间空间以形成固体钻头。粉末组分与粘合剂之间的机械交互作用因碳纳米管的存在而增加。
形成钻头体106的这个过程导致包括涂有具有增大的耐腐蚀性的碳纳米管毯的粉末组分的基质钻头。因为粉末组分可以存在于钻头体106的表面处或附近,所以在一些配置中,与粉末组分相关联的碳纳米管毯可以提供增大基质硬度和耐腐蚀性的暴露碳纳米管的外层。此外,粘合剂与涂有纳米管的粉末组分的之间的机械交互作用将增加,其继而增大基质强度。最后,涂有纳米管的粉末组分与粘合剂之间的交互可能不会产生相界问题,其可以其它方式起因于展现不可混合性质的在粘合剂(液体)与粉末组分(固体)之间的空间界面。
在形成钻头体时,碳化钨对粘合剂(铜)的比率可以影响生产的钻头的韧性和硬度。通常,较多粘合剂产生韧性较大的钻头,其较少可能断裂。较多碳化钨产生较硬钻头,其较大可能断裂。碳化钨的晶粒大小也是要紧的,因为通常较大晶粒增大耐腐蚀性而较小晶粒增大总体基质强度。将碳纳米管毯添加到小晶粒碳化钨可以增大钻头的韧性而不牺牲钻头的硬度,因为具有碳纳米管毯的碳化钨(或其它粉末组分)更安全地保存粘合剂和其它颗粒。
图2示出部署在井204中的钻井系统200的实施方案的立视图。钻机208位于井204的表面处以随着基质钻头100进入井204中而降低并旋转钻柱210,从而产生井筒218。泵212使钻井流体或“泥浆”通过钻柱210循环到井筒的底部(如由流动箭头A所说明)。钻井流体通过钻柱210与井筒218之间的环回流到井204的表面。
如前文所描述,钻头100包括钻头体,其可以由硬基质材料制成,所述硬基质材料由涂有或含有纳米管的粉末组分和粘合剂组成。随着钻头100旋转,施加的钻压(“WOB”)迫使旋转钻头的向下指向刀具进入钻井地层中。刀具的点施加超过地层的屈服应力的可压应力,且这引发地层断裂。钻头的切削面是其中钻头与钻井材料或地层连接的区域。切削面通常包括刀具的部分且有时包括固定刀具钻头上的其它凸起区域。切削所产生的碎片(也称为“切屑”)从切削面被钻井流体流冲走。经过钻头的这个流体流和切削有助于钻头的腐蚀和磨损且还可以进一步加压于刀具、钻头体和刀具与钻头体之间的任何联接件。在硬基质的粉末组分上存在多个纳米管或纳米管毯被视为可降低对钻头214的破坏和腐蚀。
图3示出沿A-A’截取的图1的固定刀具钻头100的横截面。在图3中,硬基质材料的粉末组分由粉末颗粒360示意地表示,且每个粉末颗粒360包括联接到所述粉末颗粒360的多个纳米管364或纳米管毯。在图3中所说明的实施方案中,尤其在纳米管364的部分暴露在钻头100的切削表面处或暴露在钻头体106的表面上时,纳米管364可以增大钻头100的耐腐蚀性。
图4示出图1的固定刀具钻头100的横截面。在图4中,硬基质材料的粉末组分由粉末颗粒460示意地表示,且每个粉末颗粒460包括联接到所述粉末颗粒460的多个纳米管464或纳米管毯。硬基质材料的粘合剂组分由粘合剂颗粒468示意地表示。图4示意地表示可以在涂有或含有纳米管的粉末颗粒460与粘合剂颗粒468之间发生的机械交互作用。更具体来说,紧密定位的粉末颗粒480、484上的纳米管毯474的纳米管472可以相交且对彼此提供机械阻力。此外,粘合剂颗粒490可以位于纳米管472之间且可以使固定刀具钻头100具备耐腐蚀性或耐断裂性。粘合剂颗粒490与纳米管472之间的近接度和机械交互作用可以允许纳米管毯474响应于粘合剂颗粒490或粉末颗粒480上的力而弯曲,其可以防止粉末颗粒480从粘合剂颗粒490释放。此外,当涂有或含有纳米管的粉末组分在钻井操作期间暴露时,纳米管496可以从暴露的粉末组分分离且可以在其中发生钻井的区域处提供额外润滑。如前文所描述,暴露的碳纳米管可以归因于碳纳米管的强度和刚度而协助钻头的耐腐蚀性。
图5示出由电子显微镜获取的纳米管毯510的图像的示意图。纳米管毯510包括可以沿实质上平行定向定向到彼此的多个纳米管514,但可以观察到个别纳米管或纳米管组的定向的变化。纳米管毯可以包括规则且实质上等距的纳米管的排列。此外,在一些实施方案中,组成纳米管毯的纳米管还可以实质上是相同长度的。纳米管毯510可以生长、涂覆或以其它方式联接到如本文中所描述的硬基质钻头的粉末组分。虽然在一些实施方案中本文中所描述的材料和钻头可以并入纳米管毯,但在其它实施方案中,在其它实施方案中可以包括多个纳米管而未必以毯构型布置。
图6是描述用于形成硬基质钻头的过程600和更具体来说用于在所述基质的粉末组分上形成纳米管增强剂的过程的说明性实施方案的流程图。在步骤605中,将催化剂(诸如纳米铁颗粒、纳米钴颗粒、纳米镍颗粒和/或纳米铜颗粒)涂覆在基质钻头的粉末组分的表面上。在许多配置中,粉末组分可以是碳化钨;然而,可以使用其它粉末组分/增强剂。在步骤610中,然后将含有碳的生长气体(甲烷、乙炔、乙烯、一氧化碳、甲醇和乙醇)提供到粉末组分。在步骤615中,在炉或流化床中加热气体和粉末组分。在步骤620中,可以包括添加剂以协助纳米管毯的生长和沉积。在一些配置中,可以使用添加剂材料,诸如含有水、氢和表面的气体。视需要,在步骤630中,可以使用盐溶液来涂覆在干燥时形成适当大小的金属簇的粉末组分,而非用纳米颗粒装填沉积区域。炉或流化床可以在近似600℃到高达1100℃的温度下使用以形成纳米管毯。
继在基质钻头的粉末组分上形成纳米管毯之后,可以形成基质钻头。粉末组分(或其它增强剂)上的碳纳米管毯可以(在粘合剂处于流体形式时的渗入期间)将粘合剂(通常是铜)芯吸到碳纳米管毯的隙间空间中。这可以归因于碳纳米管的强度和较完全填充材料的空间而形成较强基质钻头。地层的一个问题在于纳米管是碳,因此在升高的温度下,需要监控渗入期间的氧含量以最小化纳米管的氧化。为了解决这个问题,模具可以在烧结期间浸入惰性气体中,诸如氦气或氮气。
在替代实施方案中,可以在碳纳米管毯生长之前将粉末组分放置在模具中。然后,可以使纳米管生长在粉末组分上,但在渗入之前生长在模具中。这可以允许相邻粉末组分颗粒的纳米管毯的纠缠。碳纳米管毯可以提供造成腐蚀的材料在钻井期间接触的层。这些造成腐蚀的材料可以“弹开”碳纳米管毯,从而协助耐腐蚀性。因为碳纳米管毯可以渗入有粘合剂,所以在其上具有碳纳米管毯的粉末组分(或增强剂)可以不具有其它复合粉末组分(或增强剂)可能具有的相界问题。在一些配置中,碳纳米管毯可以是多壁纳米管(例如高达30到40个壁),使得如果在渗入期间发生氧化,那么碳纳米管的牺牲外层可以被消耗或氧化,同时仍具有用于增强的内管。
钻头(诸如固定刀具钻头)的耐久性和硬度为重要因素是因为其能够连续地执行钻井操作。可能需要频繁地取代较小耐久性和硬度的钻头。增大的钻头耐久性和硬度可以允许更有效钻井操作。本公开描述了用于提供使用涂有碳纳米管的粉末组分形成的基质钻头的系统、工具和方法。除上文所描述的实施方案外,特定组合的许多实例也在本公开的范围内,其中一些在下文作详述。
实例1.一种钻地钻头,其包括:
钻头体,其具有粉末组分和粘合剂,所述粉末组分包括安置在所述粉末组分的至少一个颗粒的表面上的多个纳米管。
实例2.根据实例1所述的钻地钻头,其中所述多个纳米管生长在所述粉末组分的所述表面上。
实例3.根据实例1或2所述的钻地钻头,其中所述粉末组分包括碳化钨。
实例4.根据实例1到3中任一实例所述的钻地钻头,其中随着所述钻头体被磨损,所述基质钻头体的所述粉末组分上的碳纳米管的新部分被暴露。
实例5.根据实例1到4中任一实例所述的钻地钻头,其中所述多个纳米管包括多壁纳米管。
实例6.根据实例1到5中任一实例所述的钻地钻头,其中所述多个纳米管在所述纳米管毯与所述粘合剂之间产生机械交互作用。
实例7.一种制造钻地钻头的方法,所述方法包括:
在粉末组分上形成纳米管毯;和
使所述粉末组分与粘合剂渗入模具中以形成钻头。
实例8.根据实例7所述的方法,其中所述形成纳米管毯包括:
将纳米颗粒沉积在所述粉末组分上;
用生长气体处理所述粉末组分;和
在存在所述生长气体的情况下加热所述粉末组分。
实例9.根据实例7或8所述的方法,其中所述沉积纳米颗粒还包括将盐溶液提供在所述粉末组分上;和使所述盐溶液蒸发。
实例10.根据实例7到9中任一实例所述的方法,其中所述纳米颗粒选自由以下各项组成的组:纳米铁颗粒、纳米钴颗粒、纳米镍颗粒和纳米铜颗粒。
实例11.根据实例7到10中任一实例所述的方法,其中在所述形成纳米管毯之前将所述纳米颗粒放置在所述钻头的模具中。
实例12.根据实例7到11中任一实例所述的方法,其中所述粉末组分是碳化钨。
实例13.根据实例7到12中任一实例所述的方法,其中所述渗入包括用所述纳米管毯芯吸所述粘合剂组分以填充隙间空间。
实例14.根据实例8所述的方法,其中所述生长气体选自由以下各项组成的组:甲烷、乙炔、乙烯、一氧化碳、甲醇和乙醇。
实例15.根据实例7到14中任一实例所述的方法,其中所述纳米管毯包括多壁碳纳米管。
实例16.根据实例7到15中任一实例所述的方法,其中在渗入期间,所述模具中的氧浓度被控制来防止所述纳米管毯的劣化。
实例17.根据实例16所述的方法,其中所述氧浓度的所述控制通过将所述模具浸入惰性气体中来执行。
实例18.一种固定刀具钻头,其包括:
钻头体;和
多个刀具,其安置在所述钻头体上;
其中所述钻头体包括安置在形成所述钻头体的粉末组分的表面上的纳米管毯。
实例19.根据实例18所述的固定刀具钻头,其中所述基质钻头体和所述多个刀具还包括粘合剂。
实例20.根据实例18或19所述的固定刀具钻头,其中所述纳米管毯生长在所述粉末组分上。
实例21.根据实例18到20中任一实例所述的固定刀具钻头,其中所述固定刀具钻头的耐腐蚀性由于所述纳米管毯而增大。
实例22.根据实例18到21中任一实例所述的固定刀具钻头,其中所述固定刀具钻头的耐久性由于所述纳米管毯而增大。
实例23.一种增强钻头,其包括:
基质钻头体,所述基质钻头体包括:
粉末组分,所述粉末组分包括安置在所述粉末组分的表面上的纳米管毯;和
粘合剂。
从前文应显而易见的是,已提供具有显著优点的发明实施方案。虽然实施方案仅以一些形式示出,但所述实施方案不受限,且在不背离其精神的情况下可具有各种变化和修改。
Claims (20)
1.一种钻地钻头,其包括:
钻头体,其具有粉末组分和粘合剂,所述粉末组分包括安置在所述粉末组分的至少一个颗粒的表面上的多个纳米管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钻地钻头,其中所述多个纳米管生长在所述粉末组分的所述表面上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钻地钻头,其中所述粉末组分包括碳化钨。
4.根据权利要求1所述的钻地钻头,其中随着所述钻头体被磨损,与所述粉末组分相关联的先前未暴露的碳纳米管被暴露。
5.根据权利要求1所述的钻地钻头,其中所述多个纳米管包括多壁纳米管。
6.根据权利要求1所述的钻地钻头,其中所述多个纳米管在纳米管毯与所述粘合剂之间产生机械交互作用。
7.一种制造钻地钻头的方法,所述方法包括:
在粉末组分上形成纳米管毯;和
使所述粉末组分与粘合剂渗入模具中以形成钻头。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述形成纳米管毯包括:
将纳米颗粒沉积在所述粉末组分上;
用生长气体处理所述粉末组分;和
在存在所述生长气体的情况下加热所述粉末组分。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述沉积纳米颗粒还包括:
将盐溶液提供在所述粉末组分上;和
使所述盐溶液蒸发。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述纳米颗粒选自由以下各项组成的组:纳米铁颗粒、纳米钴颗粒、纳米镍颗粒和纳米铜颗粒。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中在所述形成纳米管毯之前将所述纳米颗粒放置在所述钻头的模具中。
12.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述粉末组分是碳化钨。
13.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述渗入包括用所述纳米管毯芯吸所述粘合剂组分以填充隙间空间。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述生长气体选自由以下各项组成的组:甲烷、乙炔、乙烯、一氧化碳、甲醇和乙醇。
15.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述纳米管毯包括多壁碳纳米管。
16.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中在渗入期间,所述模具中的氧浓度被控制来防止所述纳米管毯的劣化。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述氧浓度的所述控制通过将所述模具浸入惰性气体中来执行。
18.一种固定刀具钻头,其包括:
钻头体;和
多个刀具,其安置在所述钻头体上;
其中所述钻头体包括安置在形成所述钻头体的粉末组分的表面上的纳米管毯。
19.根据权利要求18所述的固定刀具钻头,其中所述钻头体和所述多个刀具中的至少一个还包括粘合剂。
20.根据权利要求18所述的固定刀具钻头,其中所述纳米管毯生长在所述粉末组分上。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2013/076192 WO2015094236A1 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2013-12-18 | Earth-boring drill bits with nanotube carpets |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN105899752A true CN105899752A (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
CN105899752B CN105899752B (zh) | 2018-08-17 |
Family
ID=53403342
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201380081004.0A Expired - Fee Related CN105899752B (zh) | 2013-12-18 | 2013-12-18 | 具有纳米管毯的钻地钻头 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10024110B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN105899752B (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112016012864A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2930040C (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2535375B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015094236A1 (zh) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080210473A1 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-09-04 | Smith International, Inc. | Hybrid carbon nanotube reinforced composite bodies |
US20090142594A1 (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-04 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Erosion resistant surface and method of making erosion resistant surfaces |
CN202152638U (zh) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-02-29 | 中矿资源勘探股份有限公司 | 具有梯形胎体的金刚石钻头 |
US20130029836A1 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2013-01-31 | Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Y-12, Llc | Composite Materials Formed With Anchored Nanostructures |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4793424A (en) | 1987-02-27 | 1988-12-27 | Drilex Systems, Inc. | Self-lubricating well tools and seal elements therefor |
US6073518A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 2000-06-13 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Bit manufacturing method |
US6923946B2 (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2005-08-02 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Condensed phase conversion and growth of nanorods instead of from vapor |
US6495258B1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-12-17 | Auburn University | Structures with high number density of carbon nanotubes and 3-dimensional distribution |
US7459013B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2008-12-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Chemical and particulate filters containing chemically modified carbon nanotube structures |
KR100839613B1 (ko) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-06-19 | 주식회사 씨앤테크 | 카본나노튜브를 활용한 복합소결재료 및 그 제조방법 |
US8951631B2 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2015-02-10 | Applied Nanostructured Solutions, Llc | CNT-infused metal fiber materials and process therefor |
US7878275B2 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2011-02-01 | Smith International, Inc. | Matrix bit bodies with multiple matrix materials |
GB0902232D0 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2009-03-25 | Element Six Production Pty Ltd | Method of coating carbon body |
KR101753918B1 (ko) * | 2009-04-17 | 2017-07-04 | 시어스톤 엘엘씨 | 탄소 산화물을 환원시켜 고형 탄소를 제조하는 방법 |
WO2011009071A1 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2011-01-20 | Southwest Nanotechnologies, Inc. | Catalyst and methods for producing multi-wall carbon nanotubes |
US8919461B2 (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2014-12-30 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Well tool having a nanoparticle reinforced metallic coating |
US8985248B2 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2015-03-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Cutting elements including nanoparticles in at least one portion thereof, earth-boring tools including such cutting elements, and related methods |
JP2014534626A (ja) * | 2011-10-07 | 2014-12-18 | アプライド ナノストラクチャード ソリューションズ リミテッド ライアビリティー カンパニーApplied Nanostructuredsolutions, Llc | 2機能活性電解質を有するハイブリッド・キャパシタバッテリ及びスーパーキャパシタ |
US8778488B2 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2014-07-15 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Formation of silicon carbide-silicon nitride nanoparticle carbon compositions |
JP5615327B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-10-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | アルミニウム鋳造型およびこれを用いて鋳造されたアルミニウム鋳造品 |
-
2013
- 2013-12-18 CN CN201380081004.0A patent/CN105899752B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-12-18 BR BR112016012864A patent/BR112016012864A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-12-18 GB GB1608118.4A patent/GB2535375B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-12-18 CA CA2930040A patent/CA2930040C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-12-18 WO PCT/US2013/076192 patent/WO2015094236A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-12-18 US US14/410,157 patent/US10024110B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080210473A1 (en) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-09-04 | Smith International, Inc. | Hybrid carbon nanotube reinforced composite bodies |
US20090142594A1 (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-04 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Erosion resistant surface and method of making erosion resistant surfaces |
US20130029836A1 (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2013-01-31 | Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Y-12, Llc | Composite Materials Formed With Anchored Nanostructures |
CN202152638U (zh) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-02-29 | 中矿资源勘探股份有限公司 | 具有梯形胎体的金刚石钻头 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB201608118D0 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
BR112016012864A2 (pt) | 2017-08-08 |
GB2535375A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
CA2930040A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
US10024110B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
WO2015094236A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
CA2930040C (en) | 2019-04-30 |
CN105899752B (zh) | 2018-08-17 |
GB2535375B (en) | 2018-08-08 |
US20160265283A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10160099B2 (en) | Selectively leached, polycrystalline structures for cutting elements of drill bits | |
US10066441B2 (en) | Methods of fabricating polycrystalline diamond, and cutting elements and earth-boring tools comprising polycrystalline diamond | |
CN104712252B (zh) | 具有高的韧度和高的耐磨性的多晶金刚石材料 | |
EP3399136B1 (en) | Methods of forming polycrystalline diamond compacts | |
US9446504B2 (en) | Polycrystalline compacts including interbonded nanoparticles, cutting elements and earth-boring tools including such polycrystalline compacts, and related methods | |
US10279454B2 (en) | Polycrystalline compacts including diamond nanoparticles, cutting elements and earth- boring tools including such compacts, and methods of forming same | |
US10107042B2 (en) | Ultra-hard constructions with erosion resistance | |
US8893829B2 (en) | Polycrystalline compacts including nanoparticulate inclusions, cutting elements and earth-boring tools including such compacts, and methods of forming same | |
CN108431362B (zh) | 具有碳化物基体的卵形切削元件的机械锁定 | |
US20130068535A1 (en) | Methods of forming a cutting element for an earth-boring tool, a related cutting element, and an earth-boring tool including such a cutting element | |
CN105705722B (zh) | 井下使用的纤维增强工具 | |
Clegg | Faster, Longer, and More-Reliable Bit Runs With New-Generation PDC Cutter | |
CN107532454B (zh) | 使用钎焊和机械锁定附接tsp金刚石环 | |
US20170029338A1 (en) | Polycrystalline diamond compacts having leach depths selected to control physical properties and methods of forming such compacts | |
CN105899752A (zh) | 具有纳米管毯的钻地钻头 | |
US9987726B2 (en) | Particulate reinforced braze alloys for drill bits |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20180817 Termination date: 20201218 |