CN105899195B - 热熔破碎挤出机和方法 - Google Patents
热熔破碎挤出机和方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105899195B CN105899195B CN201480042104.7A CN201480042104A CN105899195B CN 105899195 B CN105899195 B CN 105899195B CN 201480042104 A CN201480042104 A CN 201480042104A CN 105899195 B CN105899195 B CN 105899195B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- excipient
- scraper plate
- extruder
- cooling
- melt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
披露了用于形成碎片的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机。该挤出机包括:入口区,用于接收适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂或者用于接收适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂连同一种或多种活性药物成分;熔融区,用于软化至少一种赋形剂以形成粘性物料或熔体;和破碎区,用于将粘性物料破碎和冷却成冷却的碎片;以及挤出机出口,用于从挤出机回收冷却的碎片。
Description
背景技术
热熔挤出(hot-melt extrusion,HME)是在塑料行业中广泛应用的技术并且已被证明是用来制备药物组合物的若干剂型的可行方法。热熔挤出剂型通常是活性药物、功能赋形剂、和加工助剂的混合物。相对于传统制药加工技术如湿法、干法和熔体造粒,HME还提供了多种功能优势。这样的优势包括不存在溶剂、很少处理步骤、连续操作、形成固体分散体/固溶体的可能性以及改善的生物利用度。可以在单螺杆挤出机或双螺杆挤出机中进行HME过程。由于同向旋转(共旋转,co-rotating)双螺杆挤出机的自清洗的优点和可配置的混合能力,同向旋转双螺杆越来越优选作为用于进行HME过程的装置。常规的HME过程涉及在受控条件如温度、停留时间、混合能量输入、进料速率和压力下将药物包埋在载体中并迫使它通过带孔模具或开放式模具以收集形成为股、薄膜或块的热粘性物料或熔体。用于HME过程的常规挤出机包括:入口区,通过其引入活性组分和适宜的赋形剂的混合物;熔融区,用于形成粘性物料或熔体;以及传送区(传输区,递送区,conveying zone),用于将热粘性物料或熔体传送出挤出机。在挤出机中的机筒被分成不同的温度区,按照挤出过程的需要,其被设定为特定温度。通常,沿着机筒的长度维持粘性物料/熔体的温度,以致在挤出机内不存在固化作用。(例如,Vasanthavada et al.,2010建议,冷却区(cooler zone)朝向进料器并且温热区朝向出口)。通过来自在挤出机内的旋转螺杆的机械剪切耗散以及在性质上通常是电的外部加热器来供给用于熔合的热量。离开挤出机的挤出物是热粘性物料或熔体,它可以成形为所需的形式,其取决于模具的形状(圆柱形模具产生股或狭缝模具产生薄膜),其可以按尺寸加工成所需长度或传递到冷却辊装置和挤压辊以形成通常将剥落成小片的薄片。
然后通过辅助下游装置对挤出物进行进一步处理,通常为尺寸减小步骤,以形成所需尺寸的颗粒。自由流动颗粒用于压制,胶囊填充和/或模塑成片剂。对于口服混悬剂,通常需要具有窄尺寸分布的精细颗粒。对可以用作载体的材料存在限制;因此材料应适合于尺寸减小,这是因为不能有效和高效地研磨低熔点固体。在选择可尺寸缩小的材料时的限制可能是一种因素,其限制药物组合物的可溶性、生物利用度、掩味(tastemasking)、或持续释放的增强。
喷雾冻结(spray congealing)和喷雾干燥也是用于产生精细颗粒的已知方法。通过喷射粘性熔体来进行喷雾冻结以在冷却室中产生小滴。借助于含有溶剂的流体材料来进行喷雾干燥,其中上述流体材料被注入加热室,其中产生的小滴被干燥以形成精细粉末。两种过程均需要较大占用空间(foot-prints),用于有限的生产能力。喷雾冻结是用于有限类型的流体材料的专用设施并提供用于不同的药物制剂的有限的灵活性。喷雾干燥涉及使用大量的溶剂,其可能不符合环境关切并且并不提供从实验室设备到商用设备的可扩展性。所有的间歇式过程产生不同批次的可变性。
常规的HME过程进一步需要在受控环境条件下的多次设备安装,以处理药物组合物。上述过程还倾向于损害药物组合物的一种或多种所期望的性能。
Breitenbach的US 6318650描述了用于连续生产生物活性物质的固体颗粒制剂的方法,其中在具有挤出机机筒的螺杆挤出机中,生物活性物质被均匀地分散在热塑性助剂的基质中。挤出机被分成多个区,以致上述方法包括在挤出机的可加热区中首先熔化基质助剂并混合生物活性成分与基质助剂,以形成混合物,并随后在挤出机的冷却区中冷却、预粉碎和最后研磨混合物以形成粉末。对于上述方法的成功,关键的是,纯传送元件用于冷却区的第一部分,以最小化能源输入和减小剪切应力以及最大化低于软化点的熔体的冷却速率。上述方法进一步需要,基质聚合物优选可溶于水,但在水中是至少可溶胀的。因此,上述方法不适用于所有赋形剂如脂肪酸、山嵛酸甘油酯(glyceryl behenate)和蜡;以及尤其是硬脂酸,其在冷却以后形成蜡状块,其不适合于在挤出机内粉碎。导致在粉碎以前快速冷却的纯传送区还产生一些具有暴露的活性药物的粉末。
因此期望,具有改善的方法来制备颗粒形式的药物组合物,其可以允许改善的药物递送系统,其中使用所有赋形剂以及尤其是诸如脂肪酸如硬脂酸、山嵛酸甘油酯和蜡的不适合于研磨的赋形剂。
附图说明
图1:示出了按照本发明的一种实施方式的挤出机的入口区(输入区,intakezone)、熔融区和破碎区(粉碎区,碎裂区,fragmenting zone)。
图2:示出了固体输入和冷却固体输出,其来自按照本发明的一种实施方式的在其间具有连续半固体/粘稠相的挤出机。
图3:是所披露的方法的示意图,其中将API和赋形剂的混合物进料到按照本发明的一种实施方式的挤出机的入口区。
图4:示出了按照本发明的一种实施方式的具有小间隙(clearances)的研磨或破碎元件的使用通常导致具有显著减少或无残留物或膜发展的更精细的碎片。
图5:示出了按照本发明的一种实施方式的F1型螺杆配置。
图6:示出了按照本发明的一种实施方式的F2型螺杆配置。
图7:示出了按照本发明的一种实施方式并按照试验12所制备的药物组合物的颗粒尺寸分析报告。
发明内容
披露了用于形成碎片的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机。挤出机包括:入口区,用于接收适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂或者用于接收适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂连同一种或多种活性药物成分;熔融区,用于软化至少一种赋形剂以形成粘性物料或熔体;破碎区,用于将粘性物料同时破碎和冷却成冷却的碎片;以及挤出机出口,用于从挤出机回收冷却的碎片。
披露了在同向旋转双螺杆挤出机内形成碎片的方法。上述方法包括将适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂进料至挤出机中,软化或熔化至少一种赋形剂以形成粘性物料或熔体,并且同时破碎和冷却粘性物料或熔体以获得冷却的碎片,以及从挤出机收集冷却的碎片。
具体实施方式
披露了用于形成碎片的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机。挤出机包括:入口区,用于接收适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂或者用于接收适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂连同一种或多种活性药物成分;熔融区,用于软化至少一种赋形剂以形成粘性物料或熔体;和破碎区,用于将粘性物料同时破碎和冷却成冷却的碎片;以及挤出机出口,用于从挤出机回收冷却的碎片。
披露了在同向旋转双螺杆挤出机内形成碎片的方法。上述方法包括将适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂进料至挤出机中,软化或熔化至少一种赋形剂以形成粘性物料或熔体,并且同时破碎和冷却粘性物料或熔体以获得冷却的碎片,以及从挤出机收集冷却的碎片。
本发明描述了利用挤出机来制备药物组合物的方法。上述药物组合物包含活性药物成分(API)组分和赋形剂组分。上述方法涉及将活性药物成分(API)组分连同赋形剂组分进料至挤出机的入口区中,在挤出机的熔融区中形成熔体或粘性物料,以及在同一挤出机的破碎区中同时破碎和冷却粘性物料或熔体。获得的挤出物处于冷却的固体碎片的形式,其包含API组分和赋形剂组分。图1示出了挤出机的入口区、熔融区和破碎区。
挤出机是完全擦拭同向旋转双螺杆挤出机。在挤出机机筒上提供适宜的加热和冷却系统以加热或冷却机筒(根据需要)。可以使用本领域技术人员已知的任何适宜的冷却方式;例如,围绕机筒的流体冷却夹套、液氮、干冰等。
赋形剂组分包括一种或多种赋形剂,其作为用于API组分的载体、填料或粘合剂。赋形剂可以是固体、半固体或液体形式的任何药用级材料。赋形剂本质上可以是结晶的、无定形的或半结晶。赋形剂可以是亲水性的、两亲性的或亲脂性的。赋形剂可以是离子或非离子的。赋形剂可以是纤维素如乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素。赋形剂还可以是聚乙二醇、聚氧化乙烯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、共聚维酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯或聚甲基丙烯酸酯。赋形剂可以包括增塑剂和/或加工助剂如柠檬酸三乙酯、三醋精(三乙酸甘油酯,triacetin)、丙二醇、癸二酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、甘油单硬脂酸酯。尤其是,赋形剂还可以是脂肪酸如硬脂酸、山嵛酸甘油酯和蜡。赋形剂还可以是添加剂如药物释放改性剂、崩解剂和超级崩解剂、增稠剂、膨胀剂(bulking agents)、粘合剂、流动助剂、增甜剂、和抗氧化剂。基于API的性能、药物组合物的所期望的性能和适合于破碎,本领域技术人员可以确定赋形剂的选择。熔体或粘性物料的形成涉及加热API组分和赋形剂组分的混合物高于赋形剂的软化或玻璃化转变温度Tg或熔点。
在熔融区中的温度和螺杆配置可以如此,以致仅赋形剂或者赋形剂和API两者软化或熔化以形成粘性物料或熔体。使用的赋形剂或药物可以是具有明确熔点(尖锐熔点,sharp melting point)的晶体或具有Tg或软化温度的无定形形式或具有宽熔点和Tg的半晶体。取决于应用和挤出温度,赋形剂或者赋形剂和API两者可以被纳入在挤出机内的连续的粘性物料或熔体形式,接着破碎同时在挤出机内冷却。上述应用包括形成药物颗粒,其具有一种或多种所期望的性能,不限于生物利用度增强、受控释放、和掩味,其是由于一种或多种以下作用的结果:破坏晶格,润湿,封装,复合,分散,固溶体或悬浮液的形成等。不同于常规的热熔挤出,其中挤出热粘性物料,其然后被冷却并挤出后颗粒尺寸减小,在目前的热熔体破碎化过程中,在挤出机内冷却粘性物料或熔体至处于或低于赋形剂的软化温度或Tg或熔点的温度,以引发粘性物料或熔体的同时固化作用和破碎。这产生直接获自挤出机的冷却的固体碎片。通过在破碎区中的挤出机元件从挤出机表面刮出固化块并碎片化。在Tg或熔点至低于Tg或熔点的温度范围,粘性物料或熔体的冷却和同时破碎使得能够生产越来越小的碎片。优选的是,持续冷却至充分低于载体的Tg或熔点,以促进固化过程,使得能够进一步研磨和破碎以及达到所需要的颗粒尺寸分布。如披露的方法因此是固体输入和冷却固体输出自挤出机,并在其间具有连续半固体/粘稠相,如示于图2。图3是所披露方法的示意图,其中将API和赋形剂的混合物进料到挤出机的入口区中。在最简单的过程中,混合物通常是粉末或颗粒的固体混合物。在挤出机的熔融区中,将这种混合物转化成熔体或粘性物料。然后碎片化粘性物料或熔体,同时在破碎区中冷却以获得充分混合的API组分和赋形剂组分的冷却的固体碎片。
按照一种实施方式,在破碎区中熔体的温度应保持低于赋形剂的软化温度或Tg或熔点。在破碎区中的较小的冷却导致较大的碎片。在破碎区中较大的冷却则形成更细的碎片。按照一种实施方式,可以维持熔体朝向挤出机的出口的冷却梯度。
可以通过使用适宜的挤出机元件来最小化在破碎区中在挤出机的任何表面上残留物或膜的形成。优选完全擦拭(wiping)在破碎区中使用的挤出机元件。还优选的是,此类元件具有低于250微米的低螺杆-机筒和螺旋-螺杆间隙。按照优选的实施方式,在破碎区中使用混合元件。WO2013/128463描述了用于分配性混合的具有螺旋形成在其上的并具有导程(lead)‘L’的连续刮板(continuous flight)的混合元件,其中在导程‘L’的一部分中刮板从整数凸轮刮板(整数叶片,integer lobe flight)变换到非整数凸轮刮板(non-integer lobe flight)至少一次以及在导程‘L’的一部分中变换回到整数凸轮刮板,或在导程‘L’的一部分中刮板从非整数凸轮刮板变换到整数凸轮刮板至少一次以及在导程‘L’的一部分中变换回到非整数凸轮刮板。
至少一种混合元件的使用以及同时冷却允许上述方法适用于所有赋形剂,包括脂肪酸、山嵛酸甘油酯和蜡;以及尤其是硬脂酸。
按照一种实施方式,混合元件用于在破碎区的开始处,并伴随着同时冷却。发现混合元件最适用于引发同时冷却和破碎步骤。
发现在破碎区中具有较大间隙的常规传送元件的使用会形成较大碎片。在一些情况下,还观察到在挤出机内的残留物积聚。如图4所示,具有小间隙的研磨或破碎元件的使用通常导致更精细的碎片并具有显著减少或无残留物或膜发展。破碎元件的实例包括以正向或反向螺旋(Reverse Helix)彼此成30、45或90度角的两个或更多区段(segments)的各种区块(block)。RKB是成45度交错角的五段区块。NKB是成90度交错角的五段区块。挤出机的Do/Di(外径与内径的比率)控制尖端的宽度并影响所需要的颗粒尺寸分布以及防止残留物积聚。较大Do/Di可以产生更精细的碎片(如实验证明的)。
按照一种实施方式,提供了朝向破碎区的末端的传送元件。这有助于将冷却和破碎颗粒传送到挤出机的出口。
根据一个方面,本发明的方法允许获得具有受控颗粒尺寸(按照所期望的应用)的药物组合物。取决于所期望的药物剂型,可以获得各种尺寸范围的碎片。例如,可以获得用于形成口服混悬剂的精细碎片,用于形成片剂或填充入胶囊的中等至粗碎片。本发明的方法允许获得具有离散颗粒尺寸分布的碎片,即,可以通过直方图来表示颗粒尺寸分布。在压实碎片以形成片剂期间,这具有特别的优势,其中较小的碎片可以占据在较大的碎片之间形成的空隙。
通过实施例的方式,在下面已进一步详细地说明了本发明,其中使用头孢呋辛酯(Cefuroxime axetil)和酮洛芬(酮基布洛芬,Ketoprofen)作为API以及各种赋形剂。
实施例
在不同的加工条件(如螺杆配置,机筒温度)下,使用头孢呋辛酯和酮洛芬作为API以及不同的赋形剂,进行一系列的试验以确定其对按照本发明制备的药物组合物的颗粒尺寸分布的影响。在变化的加工条件下,还仅使用赋形剂组分进行实验,以研究各种聚合物对颗粒尺寸分布的影响。
赋形剂:在不同的比率和组合下,使用各种赋形剂进行试验。在试验中使用的赋形剂是:
1.硬脂酸
2.聚氧化乙烯(PEO)
3.SR(聚乙酸乙烯酯和聚维酮)
4.碳酸钙
5.KlucelTM JF(羟丙基纤维素)
6.EthocelTM N7(乙基纤维素)
7.滑石
螺杆配置:
利用由本文的受让人制造的具有两种不同的螺杆配置F1和F2(各自具有1.71的Do/Di)的双螺杆挤出机Omega 20进行试验。F1和F2螺杆配置均提供在以下表1中并分别示于图5和图6。图5和图6示出了单轴,虽然挤出机配置具有包含互补元件的一对轴。F2螺杆配置不同于F1,不同在于F2具有不同的中性捏合区块(中性啮合区块,neutral kneadingblock)配置,相比于F1,其产生更好的破碎。两种配置均使用在破碎区中的混合元件。如在WO 2013/128463中描述的混合元件(DSE)定位在破碎区(机筒C4)的开始处。冷却也开始于机筒C4。
表1
用于元件的缩略语表
RSE–右旋螺杆元件
RFV–右旋铲元件
RFN-右旋转换元件
LSE-左旋螺杆元件
DSE–动态搅拌元件
RKB–45度交错角右旋捏合区块
NKB–90度交错角(中性)捏合区块
机筒温度
已知酮洛芬的熔点是约90℃。在试验13中,将在机筒中的熔化区的温度维持在60℃下(即,低于API的熔点)。头孢呋辛酯是Tg高于70℃的无定形药物。
表2示出了利用两种药物以及不同的赋形剂进行的各种试验以获得按照本发明的药物组合物以及仅利用赋形剂进行的试验。以在表中提供的比率,共混API和/或赋形剂,并进料到挤出机。在每个试验中采用的机筒温度、螺杆配置也示于表2。
表2
(RT=室温)
对于试验5、7、8、9、10、11和15,平均颗粒直径是大于1mm。
颗粒尺寸分布:
利用Malvern MasterSizer 2000来确定按照表2所列试验制备的每种组成的颗粒尺寸分布。在每个试验中获得的碎片的平均颗粒直径也已列于表2。
图8示出了按照试验12制备的药物组合物的颗粒尺寸分析报告。如图所示,药物组合物的D(0.1)、D(0.5)、和D(0.9)值分别是40、322和781微米。发现碎片的表面加权平均值和容积加权平均值分别是98和379微米。
如表2所示,在试验1-4中获得可比较的平均颗粒直径。比较试验1和2,观察到不同的药物负荷对颗粒尺寸分布的影响。比较试验2和12,观察到螺杆配置对颗粒尺寸分布的影响。比较试验12和13,观察到不同的药物对颗粒尺寸分布的影响。
仅使用赋形剂的试验
仅使用赋形剂,单独和连同其它赋形剂一起,进行试验5、6、7、8、9、10、11、14、15、16、17、18。
比较试验14和15,观察到不同的赋形剂对颗粒尺寸分布的影响。其为晶体的硬脂酸比其为无定形的Kollidon SR更脆,因此,借助于硬脂酸,获得更小的颗粒尺寸。试验14的结果还表明,使用常规技术难以研磨的赋形剂硬脂酸,利用本文描述的热熔破碎过程也可以用于药物组合物。试验16至18说明赋形剂的组合对颗粒尺寸分布的影响。试验16至18还表明,难以研磨的赋形剂,连同其它赋形剂一起,也可以用于热熔破碎。在使用不同螺杆配置的试验5和6中,观察到类似的结果。
比较试验6和16,观察到不同的螺杆配置对颗粒尺寸分布的影响。利用螺杆配置F2获得的碎片比利用螺杆配置F1获得的碎片更精细。在试验2和12;试验11和18;以及试验9和17中观察到类似的结果。认为这是由F2型螺杆配置表现出的更好的破碎性能的直接结果。
上述数据表明,改变赋形剂、工艺参数如温度,螺杆配置可以用来制备具有所期望的尺寸范围的碎片。
以下描述具体实施方式
用于形成碎片的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机包括:入口区,用于接收适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂或者用于接收适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂连同一种或多种活性药物成分;熔融区,用于软化至少一种赋形剂以形成粘性物料或熔体;破碎区,用于将粘性物料同时破碎和冷却成冷却的碎片;以及挤出机出口,用于从挤出机回收冷却的碎片。
这样的挤出机,其中破碎区包括研磨、混合或破碎元件。
这样的挤出机,其中破碎区包括至少一个具有螺旋形成在其上的并具有导程‘L’的连续刮板的混合元件,其中刮板在导程‘L’的一部分中从整数凸轮刮板变换到非整数凸轮刮板至少一次以及在导程‘L’的一部分中变换回到整数凸轮刮板,或刮板在导程‘L’的一部分中从非整数凸轮刮板变换到整数凸轮刮板至少一次以及在导程‘L’的一部分中变换回到非整数凸轮刮板。
这样的挤出机,其中破碎区包括至少一个混合元件并且混合元件定位在破碎区的开始处。
这样的挤出机,其中,赋形剂选自由脂肪酸、山嵛酸甘油酯和蜡组成的组。
这样的挤出机,其中脂肪酸是硬脂酸。
这样的挤出机,其中熔融区的温度高于至少一种赋形剂的软化温度或玻璃化转变温度Tg或熔点以使得能够形成粘性物料或熔体。
这样的挤出机,其中破碎区配备有冷却系统以及破碎区的温度处于或低于至少一种赋形剂的软化温度或玻璃化转变温度Tg或熔点,用于冷却粘性物料或熔体。
这样的挤出机,其中在整个破碎区中冷却是均匀的。
这样的挤出机,其中破碎区具有朝向挤出机出口的增加的冷却梯度。
以下描述进一步的具体实施方式
一种在同向旋转双螺杆挤出机内形成碎片的方法,包括:
a.将适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂进料至挤出机中;
b.软化或熔化至少一种赋形剂以形成粘性物料或熔体;以及
c.同时破碎和冷却粘性物料或熔体以获得冷却的碎片;
d.从挤出机收集冷却的碎片。
这样的方法,包括将适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂连同一种或多种活性药物成分进料至挤出机中。
这样的方法,其中赋形剂选自由脂肪酸、山嵛酸甘油酯和蜡组成的组。
这样的方法,其中脂肪酸是硬脂酸。
这样的方法,其中通过研磨、混合或破碎元件达到(实现,achieve)同时破碎和冷却。
这样的方法,其中通过至少一个具有螺旋形成在其上的并具有导程‘L’的连续刮板的混合元件达到同时破碎和冷却,其中刮板在导程‘L’的一部分中从整数凸轮刮板变换到非整数凸轮刮板至少一次以及在导程‘L’的一部分中变换回到整数凸轮刮板,或刮板在导程‘L’的一部分中从非整数凸轮刮板变换到整数凸轮刮板至少一次以及在导程‘L’的一部分中变换回到非整数凸轮刮板。
这样的方法,其中混合元件定位在破碎区的开始处。
工业适用性
披露的利用挤出机来制造药物组合物的方法发现可应用于各种药物剂型的尺寸受控制造。可以获得碎片,用于片剂压制、胶囊填充以及用于制备用于口服的散剂或混悬剂,而没有涉及复杂的下游辅助设备。利用所披露的方法获得的药物组合物可以导致改善的特性如药物的溶出速率和/或生物利用度的增强,药物的受控释放,掩味,稳定性增强等。本发明的方法还防止污染并降低药物组合物的任何产率损失,这种产率损失是在多设备过程,即常规造粒/压实过程或常规热熔挤出过程中遇到的。
所披露的方法适用于所有赋形剂,尤其是难以研磨的赋形剂如硬脂酸。在破碎区中利用破碎或混合元件的同时冷却和破碎有助于获得所期望的碎片。
利用所有赋形剂,尤其是难以研磨的赋形剂如硬脂酸,所披露的挤出机适用于形成药物碎片。
Claims (15)
1.一种用于形成碎片的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机,包括:入口区,用于接收适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂或者用于接收适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂连同一种或多种活性药物成分;熔融区,用于软化至少一种赋形剂以形成粘性物料或熔体;破碎区,用于将所述粘性物料同时破碎和冷却成冷却的碎片;以及挤出机出口,用于从所述挤出机回收所述冷却的碎片,
其特征在于,所述破碎区包括具有螺旋形成在其上的具有导程L的连续刮板的至少一个混合元件,其中所述刮板在所述导程L的一部分中从整数凸轮刮板变换到非整数凸轮刮板至少一次以及在所述导程L的一部分中变换回到整数凸轮刮板,或者所述刮板在所述导程L的一部分中从非整数凸轮刮板变换到整数凸轮刮板至少一次以及在所述导程L的一部分中变换回到非整数凸轮刮板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机,其中,所述破碎区包括研磨、混合或破碎元件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机,其中,所述混合元件定位在所述破碎区的开始处。
4.根据权利要求1所述的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机,其中,所述赋形剂选自由脂肪酸、山嵛酸甘油酯和蜡组成的组。
5.根据权利要求4所述的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机,其中,所述脂肪酸是硬脂酸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机,其中,所述熔融区的温度高于至少一种赋形剂的软化温度或玻璃化转变温度Tg或熔点,以使得能够形成所述粘性物料或熔体。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机,其中,所述破碎区配备有冷却系统,并且所述破碎区的温度处于或低于至少一种赋形剂的软化温度或玻璃化转变温度Tg或熔点,用于冷却所述粘性物料或熔体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机,其中,所述冷却在整个所述破碎区是均匀的。
9.根据权利要求1所述的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机,其中,所述破碎区具有朝向所述挤出机出口的增加的冷却梯度。
10.一种在同向旋转双螺杆挤出机内形成碎片的方法,包括:
a.将适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂进料至所述挤出机中;
b.软化或熔化至少一种赋形剂以形成粘性物料或熔体;
其特征在于,
c.同时破碎和冷却所述粘性物料或熔体以获得所述挤出机内的冷却的碎片,通过具有螺旋形成在其上的具有导程L的连续刮板的至少一个混合元件达到所述同时破碎和冷却,其中所述刮板在所述导程L的一部分中从整数凸轮刮板变换到非整数凸轮刮板至少一次以及在所述导程L的一部分中变换回到整数凸轮刮板,或者所述刮板在所述导程L的一部分中从非整数凸轮刮板变换到整数凸轮刮板至少一次以及在所述导程L的一部分中变换回到非整数凸轮刮板;
以及
d.从所述挤出机收集所述冷却的碎片。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,包括将适用于口服剂量的一种或多种赋形剂连同一种或多种活性药物成分进料至所述挤出机中。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法,其中,所述赋形剂选自由脂肪酸、山嵛酸甘油酯和蜡组成的组。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述脂肪酸是硬脂酸。
14.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法,其中,通过研磨、混合或破碎元件达到所述同时破碎和冷却。
15.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,所述混合元件定位在所述破碎区的开始处。
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ES2778040T3 (es) | 2020-08-07 |
CN109080099A (zh) | 2018-12-25 |
US20180200938A1 (en) | 2018-07-19 |
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EP3003682A2 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
JP6077713B2 (ja) | 2017-02-08 |
EP3003682B1 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
WO2014192026A2 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
HUE048041T2 (hu) | 2020-05-28 |
EP3003682A4 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
WO2014192026A3 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
US10213948B2 (en) | 2019-02-26 |
CN105899195A (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
IN2013CH02295A (zh) | 2015-10-02 |
US9956709B2 (en) | 2018-05-01 |
US20160082640A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
JP2016521155A (ja) | 2016-07-21 |
EP3308938A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
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