CN105896011B - Design calculation method for inner conductor of quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator - Google Patents

Design calculation method for inner conductor of quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator Download PDF

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CN105896011B
CN105896011B CN201410719509.1A CN201410719509A CN105896011B CN 105896011 B CN105896011 B CN 105896011B CN 201410719509 A CN201410719509 A CN 201410719509A CN 105896011 B CN105896011 B CN 105896011B
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inner conductor
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Abstract

Quasi-microstrip ferrite ringDesign calculation method of conductor in line former. A design calculation method of an inner conductor of a quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator belongs to the technical field of communication electronic element and component design, and a thin copper strip is used for replacing a microstrip conductor evaporated on the surface of a ferrite to form the quasi-microstrip inner conductor. The triangular part of the inner conductor forms a parallel inductor L0And a capacitor C0Three leading-out ports are mutually in 120-degree rotational symmetry, and narrow-band lines form an inductor LPThe wide-band line constituting a capacitor CP. The upper and lower surfaces of the inner conductor are respectively in close contact with the upper and lower aluminum cavities through the ferrite, and are connected with the upper and lower aluminum cavities by 4 screws to form a parallel metal-ferrite-metal interlayer capacitor. Solves the problem that L is difficult to be accurately calculated by mathematics for a long time0、C0、LP、CPKey technical problems of (2); the calculated inner conductor forming capacitance (C) is derived0+3CP) Diameter D of area of (A), constituting a capacitor CPArea A ofPAnd form an inductance LPLength l ofPThe formula (2). The calculation result is in accordance with the reality, the blindness in trial production of new products is reduced, and the industrial technology progress is promoted and promoted.

Description

Design calculation method for inner conductor of quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator
(I) technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication electronic element and component design.
(II) background of the invention
From the principle of microwave engineering and ferrite physics, gyromagnetic ferrite is a ferrimagnetic substance with both gyromagnetic and dielectric properties, and is in bias magnetic field H0The tensor permeability generated under the action of the radio frequency signal is the theoretical basis of the operation of the ferrite circulator. The ferrite circulator has three ports, and has nonreciprocal property due to tensor permeability, and if the signal is transmitted from the port 1 → 2 → 3, the signal is transmitted from the port 3 → 2 → 1 to become an isolation direction; by utilizing the characteristic, the ferrite circulator can be used as a duplexer in a communication system to realize the automatic conversion of a transmitting signal and a receiving signal. If one port (for example, 3 ports) of the ferrite circulator is connected with a resistor with the same impedance as the port, the two-port ferrite isolator is formed, and if the signal is transmitted from the port 1 → 2, the signal is isolated from the port 2 → 1; the ferrite isolator plays the role of isolation and matching between the output end of the signal source and the amplifier stage.
The design and manufacture of the ferrite circulator are scientific technologies combining the microwave engineering principle and the basic theory of magnetics. In view of their important roles in radar, navigation, mobile communication, radio and television and other electronic equipment, the research in China began to be carried out in the end of the 20 th century and the 50 th century, and the development process of manufacturing ferrite circulators according to the distributed parameters, lumped parameters and microstrip design technology is carried out, and various ferrite circulators developed by adopting the design technology play roles which cannot be underestimated in different frequency ranges and different application occasions. But due to their inherent characteristics, they have respective disadvantages in terms of comprehensive performance, such as large volume of ferrite circulators designed according to distribution parameters; the ferrite circulator designed according to the lumped parameters has a complex structure, large insertion loss and poor temperature performance; the micro-strip conductor of the micro-strip ferrite circulator is directly evaporated on the surface of the ferrite through photoetching and vacuum coating, and the manufacturing process involves complex processes of ferrite grinding, polishing, photoetching, vacuum coating and the like, and is difficult to design and debug, and poor in performance stability and welding resistance of input and output ports. Unfortunately, in the above design technologies, for a long time, many pure theoretical and conceptual design methods exist, and a complete design program, a definite calculation method and an accurate calculation result are lacked, so that great blindness, time and money are often brought to trial production of new products.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to solve the key technical problem that the traditional design technology is difficult to accurately calculate all parameters formed by the inner conductor of the ferrite circulator by mathematics for a long time, and provides a complete design program, a definite calculation method and an accurate calculation result for the design and calculation of the inner conductor of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: first, the effective permeability μ of ferrite is theoretically clarifiedeIs an inductor which influences the inner conductor of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator and the dielectric constant epsilon of the ferriterThe high-quality parameters of the capacitor formed by the inner conductor of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator are obtained; thickness h of ferrite is shadowThe inductance and the capacitance formed by the inner conductor have important functions for designing and calculating the inductance and the capacitance formed by the inner conductor of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator.
The practical technical scheme for solving the problems of the invention is as follows: the thin copper strip is used to replace the micro-strip conductor evaporated on the ferrite surface to form the quasi-micro-strip inner conductor. The triangular part of the inner conductor forms a parallel inductor L0And a capacitor C0Three leading-out ports are mutually in 120-degree rotational symmetry, and narrow-band lines form an inductor LPThe wide-band line constituting a capacitor CP. Fig. 2 is an equivalent circuit of the inner conductor. The upper and lower surfaces of the inner conductor are respectively in close contact with the aluminum cavity through the ferrite, and are connected with the upper and lower aluminum cavities by 4 screws to form a parallel metal-ferrite-metal interlayer capacitor. Creatively solves the problem that the traditional design technology is difficult to accurately calculate the parallel inductance L formed by the inner conductor by mathematics for a long time0And a capacitor C0Inductance L formed by narrow-band linesPA capacitor C formed by the wide band linePKey technical problems of (2); the method for calculating the capacitance of parallel metal-ferrite-metal interlayer is used to deduce the capacitance (C) formed by inner conductor0+3CP) Diameter D of the area of (A), wide-band line constituting a capacitance CPArea A ofPThe formula (2); the method for calculating the inductance L formed by the narrow-band line is deduced by the method for calculating the inductance of the microstrip line in unit lengthPLength l ofPThe formula (2). The calculation result is in accordance with the actual condition, the design time is saved, the physical realization is convenient, and the blindness in the trial production of new products is reduced. The quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator manufactured by the design technology provided by the invention has the advantages of excellent comprehensive performance, small insertion loss, wide frequency band, good temperature stability, capability of bearing high power, convenience in assembly and debugging, small and compact structure design and capability of being used for a microwave hybrid integrated circuit; the ferrite circulator has promotion and promotion effects on the progress of industrial technology and the miniaturization of the ferrite circulator.
(IV) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
1. Parallel inductor L formed by triangular inner conductor0And a capacitor C0The calculation of (2): ideal in neglecting electromagnetic lossesIn case of L0C0The parallel circuit being a low-impedance circuit at resonance and having a characteristic impedance value
Figure GDA0001733107690000031
According to the literature, the impedance value is reported to be between 10 and 20 ohms in Jiang Renpei, Xu Jidong, Thin Type Strip Line circuits with internal impedance matching LC-networks, 10th internal reference on microwave electrodes PP344-348 semiteber 1990. When angular frequency
Figure GDA0001733107690000032
Then, the following results are obtained:
Figure GDA0001733107690000033
L0＝Z0 2C0(or
Figure GDA0001733107690000034
) nH (nanoheng)
Where ω is 2 pi f, and f is the operating frequency of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator in Hz.
2. Inductor L formed by narrow-band linesPCapacitor C formed by wide band linePThe calculation of (2): as shown in FIG. 3, LPAnd CPCan be regarded as the component of the low-pass filtering impedance converter with the component number n being 2, the parallel inductance L formed by the triangle part of the inner conductor0And a capacitor C0Characteristic impedance Z formed0As source impedance, if the termination impedance is ZLImpedance transformation ratio thereof
Figure GDA0001733107690000035
Working frequency bandwidth of quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator
Figure GDA0001733107690000036
(ωH、fHThe highest working frequency; omegaL、fLIs the most importantA low operating frequency; omega0、f0For center operating frequency), the normalized element value is found from table 1
Figure GDA0001733107690000037
The inverse normalization yields:
Figure GDA0001733107690000038
Figure GDA0001733107690000039
table 1 when n is 2, element value g1Relation with Delta F and R
Figure GDA0001733107690000041
3. The inner conductor forms a capacitor (C)0+3CP) Calculation of the diameter D of the area of (a):
when the inner conductor forms a capacitor (C)0+3CP) Has an area of
Figure GDA0001733107690000042
The capacitance (C) formed by the inner conductor is derived from the formula for calculating the interlayer capacitance0+3CP) The formula for the diameter D of the area of (a) is:
Figure GDA0001733107690000043
wherein h is the thickness of the ferrite and the unit is centimeter; epsilonrIs the dielectric constant of ferrite.
This parameter is an important criterion for choosing the diameter of the ferrite for C0、CPAnd LPAnd a gap is reserved between the ferrite and the ferrite, and the diameter of the selected ferrite is 1-2 mm larger than the D value obtained by calculation.
4. Width of inner conductorCapacitor C formed by strip linePArea A ofPThe calculation of (2): because of CPThe capacitance is obtained by connecting the upper surface and the lower surface of an inner conductor broadband line in parallel through capacitors formed by ferrites, so that the capacitance obtained by deducting according to a formula for calculating the interlayer capacitance is a single-sided capacitance
Figure GDA0001733107690000051
Then, the capacitance C for calculating the composition of the broadband line is derivedPArea A ofPThe formula of (1) is:
Figure GDA0001733107690000052
wherein h is the thickness of the ferrite and the unit is centimeter; epsilonrIs the dielectric constant of ferrite.
5. Inductor L formed by narrow-band line of inner conductorPLength l ofPThe calculation of (2): the inductance L formed by narrow-band lines is deduced and calculated by the method of solving the inductance per unit length of the microstrip linePLength l ofPThe formula of (1) is:
Figure GDA0001733107690000053
where ㏑ is the natural logarithm, w is the width of the inner conductor narrowband line, and h is the thickness of the ferrite in centimeters. Mu.seIs the effective permeability of ferrite.
Because of the effective permeability μ of the ferriteeIs a bias field H of ferrite saturation magnetization 4 π Ms0And the function of the working angular frequency omega, the calculation is complex, and the value can be obtained by practical experience in the design calculation.
6. And (3) physical realization: d, A obtained from the above calculationPAnd lPAnd (3) designing an inner conductor pattern of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator by using a computer AutoCAD.
According to the specific requirements, further optimization is carried out: ferrite having both gyromagnetic and dielectric properties and its effective permeability mueIs an inductance affecting the composition of the inner conductor, the dielectric constant epsilonrThe thickness h of the inner conductor is an important parameter influencing the inductance and the capacitance.
The inner conductor forms a parallel inductor L0And a capacitor C0The shapes of the areas include triangle, circular triangle, trefoil, hexagon and circle.
Inner conductor broadband line forming capacitor CPIncluding rectangular, circular, and arcuate shapes.
In the process, the thickness of the thin copper strip is 0.2-1.2 mm.
The quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator has three ports, and any one of the three ports is connected with a resistor with the same impedance as the port to form a quasi-microstrip ferrite isolator with two ports.
(V) description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an inner conductor of a quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator
Symbol L in the figure0Parallel inductor formed by triangular inner conductor
C0Parallel capacitor formed by triangular inner conductor
LPRepresenting inductances formed by narrow-band lines of the inner conductor
CPRepresenting the capacitance formed by the inner conductor broadband line
FIG. 2 inner conductor equivalent circuit of quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator
Since the three lead-out ports of the inner conductor are 120-rotation symmetric to each other, only the parallel circuit L is shown in the figure0C0And L of one of the outlet portsP、CP。
Symbol L in the figure0Parallel inductor formed by triangular inner conductor
C0Parallel capacitor formed by triangular inner conductor
LPInductor formed by narrow-band wire representing one leading-out port of inner conductor
CPCapacitor formed by broadband line representing one leading-out port of inner conductor
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a low pass filtered impedance transformer
Symbol Z in the drawing0Parallel inductor L formed by triangular inner conductor0And a capacitor C0Formed impedance
ZLRepresenting the termination impedance
LPInductive element formed by narrow-band lines representing inner conductors
CpCapacitive element formed by broadband line representing inner conductor
g1Represents LPTo Z0Normalized inductance of
g2Represents CPTo Z0Normalized capacitance of
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a parallel metal-ferrite-metal interlayer capacitor formed by the inner conductors of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator
In the figure, the number 1 represents the inner conductor
2 represents upper and lower ferrites
3 represents an upper aluminum cavity and a lower aluminum cavity
4 four screws for connecting upper and lower aluminum cavities
(VI) examples of the embodiments
Example A: when the working frequency bandwidth delta F of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator is less than or equal to 0.1, all parameters are according to the central working frequency omega0And (4) designing and calculating.
Example B: when the working frequency bandwidth delta F of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator is more than or equal to 0.1, L0C0And D at the lowest operating frequency ωLDesigning and calculating; and L isP、CP、APAnd lPAt the highest working frequency omegaHAnd (4) designing and calculating.
By way of example (without limiting the scope of the invention): to design and calculate the inner conductor of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator working at 960-1200 MHz, the terminal impedance ZLThe design procedure and calculation method are as follows:
center operating frequency:
Figure GDA0001733107690000071
operating frequency bandwidth:
Figure GDA0001733107690000072
carried out as in example B, selecting Z015 omega, and a dielectric constant epsilon if the ferrite thickness h is 0.18cmr14, then:
Figure GDA0001733107690000073
L0＝Z0 2C＝152×11.06×10-12＝2.49nH
according to Δ F equal to 0.22, impedance transformation ratio
Figure GDA0001733107690000074
Look up g from Table 11＝1.407，
Figure GDA0001733107690000075
Figure GDA0001733107690000076
Figure GDA0001733107690000077
Figure GDA0001733107690000081
Figure GDA0001733107690000082
When the narrow band line width W is 0.19cm, the ferrite thickness h is 0.18cm, and μ e is 0.6,
Figure GDA0001733107690000083
d, A obtained according to calculationPAnd lPThe inner conductor pattern of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator can be easily designed.
Table 2 compares the theoretical calculated values with the actual applied values.
Figure GDA0001733107690000084

Claims (5)

1. The design calculation method of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator inner conductor is characterized by comprising the following steps: a thin copper strip is used for replacing a micro-strip conductor evaporated on the surface of the ferrite to form a quasi-micro-strip inner conductor; the triangular part of the inner conductor forms a parallel inductor L0And a capacitor C0Three leading-out ports are mutually in 120-degree rotational symmetry, and narrow-band lines form an inductor LPThe wide-band line constituting a capacitor CP(ii) a The upper surface and the lower surface of the inner conductor are respectively in close contact with the upper aluminum cavity and the lower aluminum cavity through the ferrite, and the upper aluminum cavity and the lower aluminum cavity are connected by 4 screws to form a parallel metal-ferrite-metal interlayer capacitor; wherein L is0、C0、LP、CPIs calculated by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002220220220000011
Figure FDA0002220220220000012
the calculated inner conductor forming capacitance (C) is derived0+3CP) Diameter D of area of (D), and constituent capacitance CPArea A ofPAnd form an inductance LPLength l ofPFormula of (d), parameter D, APAnd lPThe value of (A) can be obtained by the following formula:
Figure FDA0002220220220000013
Figure FDA0002220220220000014
Figure FDA0002220220220000015
d, A obtained from the above calculationPAnd lPDesigning an inner conductor pattern of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator by using a computer autoCAD;
to supply C with0、CPAnd LPA gap is reserved between the ferrite and the ferrite, and the diameter of the selected ferrite is 1-2 mm larger than the D value obtained by calculation;
the ferrite has both gyromagnetic and dielectric properties, and its effective magnetic permeability mueIs an inductance affecting the composition of the inner conductor, the dielectric constant epsilonrThe thickness h of the inner conductor is an important parameter influencing the inductance and the capacitance.
2. The design calculation method of the inner conductor of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the inner conductor forms a parallel inductor L0And a capacitor C0The shapes of the areas include triangle, circular triangle, trefoil, hexagon and circle.
3. The design calculation method of the inner conductor of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator of claim 1, which is characterized in that: inner conductor broadband line forming capacitor CPIncluding rectangular, circular, and arcuate shapes.
4. The design calculation method of the inner conductor of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the thin copper strip is 0.2-1.2 mm.
5. The design calculation method of the inner conductor of the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator has three ports, and any one of the three ports is connected with a resistor with the same impedance as the port to form a quasi-microstrip ferrite isolator with two ports.
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