CN105895957B - Battery fluid and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Battery fluid and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105895957B
CN105895957B CN201610499049.5A CN201610499049A CN105895957B CN 105895957 B CN105895957 B CN 105895957B CN 201610499049 A CN201610499049 A CN 201610499049A CN 105895957 B CN105895957 B CN 105895957B
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electrolyte
unsubstituted
substituted
battery
sulfone
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CN105895957A (en
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王珂
谢岚
史松君
王耀辉
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Jiangsu Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

The present application relates to an electrolytic solution comprising an organic solvent, an electrolyte and an additive containing a sulfone-boron trifluoride complex compound and a cyclic ester compound containing a sulfur-oxygen double bond; when the electrolyte simultaneously comprises the sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound and the cyclic ester compound containing the sulfur-oxygen double bond, the cyclic ester compound containing the sulfur-oxygen double bond can form a good SEI film on a negative electrode, the decomposition of the electrolyte on the surface of the negative electrode is inhibited, the sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound can interact with a positive electrode material, the oxidation of the electrolyte on the positive electrode is effectively reduced, the normal-temperature cycle and storage performance of the lithium ion battery can be improved, and the cycle performance at high temperature and the storage performance at high temperature of the battery are also greatly improved due to the synergistic effect of the sulfone-boron trifluoride coordination compound and the positive electrode material.

Description

A kind of battery fluid and lithium ion battery
Technical field
This application involves technical field of lithium batteries, and in particular to a kind of electrolyte and lithium ion battery.
Background technique
Compared with traditional secondary cell, lithium ion battery high, small in size, light weight, energy density with operating voltage Height, memory-less effect, pollution-free and self discharge is small, the advantages that having extended cycle life.Nineteen ninety, Japanese Sony company produces First piece of lithium ion battery has started the commercialization tide of lithium ion battery.In recent years, lithium ion secondary battery is in addition to applying Consumer electronics product field, is also widely used on electric car, and is considered as solving automobile exhaust pollution, reduces fossil energy The important means of source consumption.Currently, one of the development bottleneck of electric car is exactly that service life is short and safety risks, it is especially right More serious in the electrolyte oxidation decomposition of the materials such as high voltage nickel manganese, ternary, caused security risk is bigger.In order to promoted lithium from The cycle performance and security performance of sub- battery, in addition to seeking novel positive and negative pole material, developing new electrolyte prescription is also one The important solution of kind.Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell is mainly to be formed in organic solvent by electrolyte dissolution.This It outside, also include certain additive in electrolyte, for promoting the film forming of graphite cathode, the conductivity for promoting electrolyte, reducing The internal resistance of cell, the storge quality for improving battery, the cycle performance for promoting battery etc..
Summary of the invention
The first purpose of the application is to provide a kind of electrolyte.
The second purpose of the application is to provide a kind of lithium ion battery.
The application's the specific technical proposal is:
This application involves a kind of electrolyte, including organic solvent, electrolyte and additive, the additive contain sulfone- Boron trifluoride complex and cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond.
Preferably, the sulfone in the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex is in compound shown in structural formula I A and I B At least one,
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~20Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2~20Alkenyl, Substituted or unsubstituted C6~26Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~20Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6~26Fragrant oxygen Base；
R13、R14It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~5Alkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted C2~5Sub- alkene Base；
Wherein, substituent group is selected from halogen atom.
Preferably,
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2~6Alkenyl, Substituted or unsubstituted phenyl；
R13、R14It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C2~4Alkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted C2~4Sub- alkene Base.
Preferably, the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex is selected from least one of following compound,
Preferably, the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond are selected from II A of formula, II B of formula, chemical combination shown in II C of formula At least one of object,
Wherein, R21、R22、R23、R24It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~5Alkylidene, replace or do not take The C in generation2~5Alkenylene；It is preferred that substituted or unsubstituted C1~3Alkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted C2~3Alkenylene；It takes Dai Ji is selected from halogen atom.
Preferably, compound shown in II A of formula is selected from least one of following structural compounds；
Wherein, R25、R26、R27、R28It is each independently selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted C1~5Alkyl, Substituted or unsubstituted C2~5Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6~10Aryl, substituent group are selected from halogen atom.
Preferably, the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond are selected from least one of following compound,
Preferably, the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex content is the 0.05%~10% of the total weight of electrolyte； It is preferred that 0.1%~5%.
Preferably, the content of the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond be electrolyte total weight 0.5%~ 10%；It is preferred that 1%~5%.
This application involves a kind of lithium ion battery, including positive plate, negative electrode tab, be arranged at intervals at positive plate and negative electrode tab it Between isolation film and electrolyte；The electrolyte is preceding any electrolyte.
Technical solution provided by the present application can achieve it is following the utility model has the advantages that
Technical scheme can be improved under the cycle performance and high temperature at ambient and elevated temperatures of lithium ion battery Storage performance.It has been investigated that when simultaneously including sulfone mentioned above-boron trifluoride complex in electrolyte and containing sulphur When the cyclic ester compounds of oxygen double bond, the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond can form good SEI film in cathode, suppression In the decomposition of negative terminal surface, sulfone-boron trifluoride complex can interact with positive electrode, effectively reduce electrolyte processed Electrolyte is aoxidized in anode, can be improved lithium ion battery in normal temperature circulation and storage performance, due to the synergistic effect of the two, electricity The storage performance under cycle performance and high temperature at a high temperature of pond is also highly improved, such as lithium ion battery is in 4.6V Excellent cycle performance is all had under high voltage and at 25 DEG C and 45 DEG C, there is excellent storage performance at 85 DEG C.
Specific embodiment
To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the application clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present application, to this Shen Technical solution please is clearly and completely described, it is clear that and described embodiment is some embodiments of the present application, without It is whole embodiments.Based on technical solution provided by the present application and given embodiment, those skilled in the art are not having Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is made, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.
This application involves a kind of electrolyte, including organic solvent, electrolyte and additive, the additive contains sulfone-three Boron fluoride complex and cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond；It is borontrifluoride in sulfone-boron trifluoride complex Boron provides anion, and sulfone provides cation, and entire sulfuryl-boron trifluoride complex is in electroneutral.
As a kind of improvement of the application electrolyte, the sulfone in sulfone-boron trifluoride complex is selected from structural formula I A and I At least one of compound shown in B；I.e., it is possible to for chain sulfone or cyclic sulfones；
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~20Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2~20Alkenyl, Substituted or unsubstituted C6~26Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~20Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6~26Fragrant oxygen Base；
R13、R14It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~5Alkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted C2~5Sub- alkene Base；
Wherein, substituent group is selected from halogen atom；Wherein, halogen atom F, Cl, Br, preferably F.
Preferably,
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2~6Alkenyl, Substituted or unsubstituted phenyl；
R13、R14It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C2~4Alkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted C2~4Sub- alkene Base.
In this application, when being previously mentioned C1~20Alkyl, alkyl can be chain-like alkyl, can also be naphthenic base, naphthenic base Ring on hydrogen can be substituted with a substituent；The C1~20Alkyl in the preferred lower limit value of carbon atom number be 2,3,4,5, preferably Upper limit value is 3,4,5,6,8,10,12,14,16,18.Preferably, select carbon atom number for 1~10 alkyl, further preferably Ground, select carbon atom number for 1~6 chain-like alkyl, carbon atom number be 3~8 naphthenic base, it is further preferred that selection carbon The chain-like alkyl that atomicity is 1~4, the naphthenic base that carbon atom number is 5~7.As the example of alkyl, can specifically enumerate: first Base, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, normal-butyl, isobutyl group, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, ring penta Base, cyclohexyl.
When being previously mentioned C1~5Alkylidene, preferably chain alkylidene, the hydrogen of alkylidene can be substituted with a substituent；Into one Step preferably, select carbon atom number for 2~4 chain alkylidene.
When being previously mentioned C2~20Alkenyl, can be chain alkenyl, can also be cyclic alkenyl radical.In addition, in alkenyl double bond Number preferably 1.The preferred lower limit value of carbon atom number is 3,4,5 in the alkenyl, and preferred upper limit value is 3,4,5,6,8,10, 12,14,16,18.Preferably, select carbon atom number for 2~10 alkenyl, it is further preferred that selecting carbon atom number for 2~6 Alkenyl, it is further preferred that select carbon atom number for 2~5 alkenyl.As the example of alkenyl, can specifically enumerate: second Alkenyl, allyl, isopropenyl, pentenyl, cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl, cyclo-octene base.
When being previously mentioned C2~5Alkenylene, preferred chain alkenyl.In addition, the number of double bond is preferably 1 in alkenylene. It is further preferred that select carbon atom number for 2~4 alkenylene.
When being previously mentioned C6~26Aryl, such as phenyl, benzene alkyl, such as xenyl of the aryl at least containing a phenyl, Condensed-nuclei aromatics base such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, xenyl and condensed-nuclei aromatics base can also be replaced alkyl or alkenyl.Preferably, it selects Select carbon atom number be 6~16 aryl, it is further preferred that select carbon atom number for 6~14 aryl, still more preferably Ground, select carbon atom number for 6~9 aryl.As the example of aryl, can specifically enumerate: phenyl, benzyl, xenyl, to first Phenyl, o-tolyl, tolyl.
When being previously mentioned C1~20Alkoxy, preferably carbon atom number be 1~10 alkoxy；It is further preferred that selection The alkoxy that carbon atom number is 1~6；It is further preferred that select carbon atom number for 1~4 alkoxy.As alkoxy Example can specifically be enumerated: methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, positive propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, N-pentyloxy, isoamoxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy.
When being previously mentioned C6~26Aryloxy group, preferably carbon atom number be 6~16 aryloxy group；It is further preferred that selection The aryloxy group that carbon atom number is 6~14, it is further preferred that select carbon atom for 6~10 aryloxy group, most preferably benzene oxygen Base.As the example of aryloxy group, can specifically enumerate: phenoxy group, benzyloxy, 4- methylphenoxy, 3,5- dimethyl phenoxy, 4- methylbenzyloxy, 3- methylbenzyloxy, 2,6- diisopropyl benzyloxy, 1- naphthoxy.
When being previously mentioned C1~20Alkyl, C1~20Alkenyl, C6~26Aryl, C1~20Alkoxy, C6~26Aryloxy group In hydrogen replaced by halogen atom after, successively accordingly formed carbon atom number be 1~20 halogenated alkyl, carbon atom number be 2~20 Halogenated alkenyl, carbon atom number be 6~26 halogenated aryl, carbon atom number be 1~20 halogenated alkoxy, carbon atom number 6 ~26 haloaryloxy, wherein halogen atom is F, Cl, Br, preferably F, Cl.In being formed by halo groups, halogen atom pair Part hydrogen atom or whole hydrogen atoms are replaced, and the number of halogen atom can be 1,2,3 or 4.C1~5Alkylene Base, C2~5Alkenylene hydrogen replaced by halogen atom after can analogy be same as above.
Preferably, select carbon atom number for 1~10 halogenated alkyl, carbon atom number be 2~10 halogenated alkenyl, carbon atom Count the haloaryloxy that the halogenated aryl for 6~16, the halogenated alkoxy that carbon atom number is 1~10, carbon atom number are 6~16； It is further preferred that select carbon atom number for 1~6 halogenated chain-like alkyl, carbon atom number be 3~8 halogenated cycloalkyl, carbon it is former Halogenated alkoxy that halogenated aryl that halogenated alkenyl that subnumber is 2~6, carbon atom number are 6~14, carbon atom number are 1~6, carbon The haloaryloxy that atomicity is 6~14；It is further preferred that selecting halogenated chain-like alkyl, carbon of the carbon atom number for 1~4 Halogenated aryl that halogenated alkenyl that halogenated cycloalkyl that atomicity is 5~7, carbon atom number are 2~5, carbon atom are 6~10, carbon The haloaryloxy that halogenated alkoxy that atomicity is 1~4, carbon atom are 6~10.
It as the example of halo groups, can specifically enumerate: trifluoromethyl (- CF3), 2- fluoro ethyl, 3- fluorine n-propyl, 2- Fluorine isopropyl, 4- fluorine normal-butyl, 3- fluorine sec-butyl, 5- fluorine n-pentyl, 4- fluorine isopentyl, 1- be fluoride-based, 3- fluorine allyl, 6- Fluoro- 4- hexenyl, o-fluorophenyl, p-fluorophenyl, fluorophenyl, 4- trifluoromethylphenyl, 2,6- difluoromethyl phenyl, the fluoro- 1- of 2- Naphthalene, fluoro-methoxy, 1- fluorine ethyoxyl, the fluoro- positive propoxy of 2-, the fluoro- isopropoxy of 1-, the fluoro- n-butoxy of 3-, 4- are fluoro- just Amoxy, 2,2- difluoromethyl propoxyl group, the fluoro- positive hexyloxy of 5-, 1,1,2- trifluoromethyl propoxyl group, the fluoro- n-heptyl oxygroup of 6-, The fluoro- n-octyl oxygroup of 7-, the fluoro- cyclopentyloxy of 3-, the fluoro- 2- methylcyclopentoxy of 4-, the fluoro- cyclohexyloxy of 3-, 3- fluorine cycloheptyl oxygroup, The fluoro- 2- methyl cycloheptyl oxygroup of 4-, 3- fluorine ring octyloxy, 4- fluorophenoxy, 3- fluorophenoxy, 2- fluorophenoxy, 3,5- difluorobenzene Oxygroup, 2,6- difluoro phenoxy group, 2,3- difluoro phenoxy group, the fluoro- 4- methylphenoxy of 2,6- bis-, 3- (2- fluoro ethyl) phenoxy group, 2- (1- fluoro ethyl) phenoxy group, 3,5- difluoro benzyloxy, 2- fluorine benzyloxy, the fluoro- 1- naphthoxy of 2-.In above-mentioned specific example In, F can be replaced by Cl and/or Br.
Preferably, R11、R12、R13、R14In substituent group at least one be halogen atom, preferably F or Cl.
It is specific as follows shown as sulfone-boron trifluoride complex example:
As the improvement of the application, the cyclic ester compounds that the application contains sulfur-to-oxygen double bond are selected from II A of formula, II B of formula, formula II At least one of C compound represented,
Wherein,
R21、R22、R23、R24It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~5Alkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted C2~5Alkenylene；It is preferred that substituted or unsubstituted C1~3Alkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted C2~3Alkenylene；Substituent group Selected from halogen atom, such as F, Cl, Br.
As a kind of improvement of the application, the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond are in compound shown in II A of formula At least one；And preferably at least one of flowering structure compound represented,
Wherein, R25、R26、R27、R28It is each independently selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted C1~5Alkyl, Substituted or unsubstituted C2~5Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6~10Aryl, substituent group is selected from halogen atom, such as F, Cl, Br.
Preferably, R25、R26、R27、R28It is each independently selected from selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted C1~3 Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2~3Alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6~8Aryl；It is furthermore preferred that R25、R26、R27、R28Respectively solely On the spot it is selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted C1~2Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2~3Alkenyl, substitution do not take The phenyl in generation.
In this application, the II A compound represented of formula that can be enumerated has:
In this application, II A compound represented of formula is further selected from:
The II B compound represented of formula that can be enumerated has:
In this application, II B compound represented of formula is further selected from:
The II C compound represented of formula that can be enumerated has:
In above-mentioned electrolyte, the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex content is the total weight of electrolyte 0.05%~10%.The content of the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond be electrolyte total weight 0.5%~ 10%.
It is further preferred that the mass percentage range of the application sulfone-boron trifluoride complex in the electrolytic solution Lower limit optionally from 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, the upper limit is optional From 4%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 8.0%；More preferably 0.1%~5%.The application contains the ring of sulfur-to-oxygen double bond The lower limit of the mass percentage range of shape ester compounds in the electrolytic solution optionally from 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, the upper limit is optionally from 4%, 4.5%, 5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 8.0%；More preferably 1%~ 5%.
If sulfone-boron trifluoride complex content is excessive in electrolyte, can negative electrode tab surface formed it is thicker, And fine and close passivating film, the conductive performance of lithium ion is reduced, while the viscosity of electrolyte can rise rapidly, leads to electrolyte conductance Rate reduces, to deteriorate the cycle performance of lithium ion battery at normal temperature；And cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond contain It measures excessive, very thick and stable passivating film can be also formed on negative electrode tab surface, again such that the impedance of negative electrode tab increases Add, reduce the conductive performance of lithium ion, to deteriorate the cycle performance of lithium ion battery at ambient and elevated temperatures.
In above-mentioned electrolyte, the organic solvent can be non-aqueous organic solvent, and the organic solvent is that carbon atom number is 1 ~8 and the compound containing at least one ester group.
It as the example of organic solvent, can enumerate: ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, butylene, fluoro carbonic acid second Enester, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester, 1,4- fourth Lactone, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, ethyl butyrate.The application organic solvent is preferred At least one of above ester type compound.
In above-mentioned electrolyte, it can also be inorganic electrolyte that electrolyte, which can be organic bath,；Preferably, in electrolyte At least one of fluorine element, boron element, P elements can be contained.
Preferably, the application electrolyte is selected from lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6), LiBF4 (LiBF4), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), hexafluoroarsenate lithium (LiAsF6), tetrafluoro oxalic acid lithium phosphate, LiN (SO2RF)2、LiN(SO2F)(SO2RF), double fluoroforms Alkane sulfimide lithium LiN (CF3SO2)2(being abbreviated as LiTFSI), bis- (fluorine sulphonyl) imine lithium Li (N (SO2F)2) (be abbreviated as LiFSI), di-oxalate lithium borate LiB (C2O4)2(being abbreviated as LiBOB), difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium LiBF2(C2O4) (be abbreviated as At least one of LiDFOB)；Wherein, substituent RFMolecular formula is-CnF2n+1Saturation perfluoroalkyl, n be 1~10 integer, Preferably 1~4 integer.The application electrolyte is particularly preferably LiPF6And/or LiN (SO2RF)2.Electrolyte is in the electrolytic solution Concentration be 0.3M~1.8M.
In this application, electrolyte preparation method select conventional method, such as can by organic solvent, electrolyte and Additive is uniformly mixed.
The application further relates to a kind of lithium ion battery, including positive plate, negative electrode tab, is arranged at intervals at positive plate and negative electrode tab Between isolation film and electrolyte；Electrolyte is electrolyte described in aforementioned any one.
A kind of lithium ion battery that the application further relates to including electrolyte, the positive plate containing positive electrode active materials, contains The negative electrode tab and isolation film of negative electrode active material.
In above-mentioned lithium ion battery, it will include positive-active material that the positive plate, which further includes binder and conductive agent, The anode sizing agent of material, binder and conductive agent is coated on plus plate current-collecting body, obtains positive plate after anode sizing agent is dry.Equally , by include negative electrode active material, binder and conductive agent negative electrode slurry be coated in negative current collector on, to negative electrode slurry Negative electrode tab is obtained after drying.
Preferably, the positive electrode active materials are selected from cobalt acid lithium LiCoO2, lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt ternary material, LiMn2O4 (LiMnO2At least one of), such as the mixture of cobalt acid lithium and lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt ternary material can be used as positive electrode active materials. As the example of lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt ternary material, can specifically enumerate: LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2, nickle cobalt lithium manganate LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2。
Preferably, the negative electrode active material is graphite and/or silicon.
In above-mentioned lithium ion battery, the specific type of lithium battery diaphragm is not exposed to specific limitation, can be existing Any diaphragm material used in lithium ion battery, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, Kynoar and their MULTILAYER COMPOSITE Film, but it is not limited only to these.
Embodiment
The application is further described below by way of specific example.But these examples are only exemplary, not to this The protection scope of application constitutes any restrictions.
In following embodiments, comparative example and test example, reagent, material and the instrument used be not such as special Explanation, be conventional reagent, conventional material and conventional instrument, it is commercially available, involved in reagent can also lead to Conventional synthesis process synthesis is crossed to obtain.
In following embodiments, comparative example, used reagent is as follows:
Additive:
Sulfone-boron trifluoride complex: compound (I-the 1)~compound (I -7) being previously mentioned.
Cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond: compound ii A-1 (1,3- propyl sulfonic acid lactone, abbreviation PS), chemical combination II B-1 of object (sulfuric acid vinyl ester, abbreviation DTD).
Electrolyte: lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF6)。
Organic solvent: ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC).
Positive electrode active materials: lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt ternary material LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2。
Isolation film: using PE porous polymer film as isolation film.
The preparation of 6 lithium ion battery of Examples 1 to 2 (following abbreviation batteries) 1~26
Battery 1~26 is prepared by the following method:
(1) prepared by negative electrode tab
Negative electrode active material graphite, conductive agent acetylene black, binder butadiene-styrene rubber, thickener sodium carboxymethylcellulose are pressed Be graphite according to weight ratio: acetylene black: butadiene-styrene rubber: sodium carboxymethylcellulose=95:2:2:1 is mixed, and deionized water is added Afterwards, it is thoroughly mixed, forms uniform negative electrode slurry；This slurry is coated on negative current collector copper foil, then dries, is cold Pressure, obtains negative electrode tab.
(2) prepared by positive plate
By weight by positive electrode active materials lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt ternary material, conductive agent acetylene black, binder polyvinylidene fluoride Than for lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt ternary material: acetylene black: polyvinylidene fluoride=96:2:2 is mixed, and Solvents N-methyl pyrrolidines is added Ketone after being thoroughly mixed, forms uniform anode sizing agent；This slurry is coated on plus plate current-collecting body aluminium foil, then dry, Cold pressing, obtains positive plate.
(3) prepared by electrolyte
Electrolyte 1~26 is prepared by the following method:
In water content < 10ppm argon atmosphere glove box, by EC, EMC according to weight ratio be EC:EMC=3:7 carry out After mixing, mixed solvent, then the electrolyte LiPF that will sufficiently dry are obtained6It is dissolved in above-mentioned in the mixed solvent, then thereto It is added containing sulfone-boron trifluoride complex and containing the cyclic ester compounds of sulfur-to-oxygen double bond, after mixing evenly, is electrolysed Liquid, wherein LiPF6Concentration be 1mol/L.
(4) preparation of battery
Battery 1~26 is prepared by the following method:
Positive plate, isolation film, negative electrode tab are folded in order, make isolation film be in played between positive plate and negative electrode tab every From effect, then winding obtain naked battery core；Naked battery core is placed in outer packing foil, the above-mentioned electrolyte prepared is injected into In battery after drying, then by processes such as Vacuum Package, standing, chemical conversion, shapings, battery is obtained.
It is above-mentioned prepare battery during, selected electrolyte in each battery, sulfone-used in each electrolyte The type and its content of boron trifluoride complex, the type and its content of cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond, such as Shown in following table 1.
In table 1, sulfone-boron trifluoride complex content and the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond contain Amount is the weight percent that the total weight based on electrolyte is calculated.
Additive component and content list in battery electrolyte in 1 embodiment 1-26 of table
1~17 lithium ion battery of comparative example (following abbreviation batteries) 1#~17#Preparation
Comparative example 1~17
Battery 1#~17#Prepared by the following method:
The preparation of battery 1 in embodiment 1 is repeated, wherein changing sulfone-boron trifluoride ligand compound in the preparation of electrolyte Type, the content of object, and/or change type, the content of the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond, remaining condition is constant.
It is above-mentioned prepare battery during, selected electrolyte in each battery, sulfone-used in each electrolyte The type and its content of boron trifluoride complex, the type and its content of cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond, such as Shown in following table 2.
In table 2, sulfone-boron trifluoride complex content and the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond contain Amount is the mass percent that the gross mass based on electrolyte is calculated.
Additive component and content list in battery electrolyte in 2 comparative example 1~17 of table
Note: in table 2, "-" expression is not added with any kind of substance.
Test case
(1) the high-temperature storage performance test of battery
With the high-temperature storage performance of the volume change characterization battery before and after battery storage.
The battery being prepared in embodiment and comparative example is subjected to following tests:
At 25 DEG C, 4.6V is first charged to battery with the constant current of 0.5C, further with 4.6V constant voltage charging It is 0.025C to electric current, then battery is measured to the initial volume of battery in deionized water with drainage, by battery at this time Initial volume as the volume before battery storage, then battery is placed at 85 DEG C and stores 6h, after storing, test electricity The volume of pond after storage at high temperatures, is then calculate by the following formula the volume change for obtaining battery.In addition, test result such as table 3 Shown in.
The volume change (%) of battery=(volume before volume/battery storage after battery high-temperature storage) × 100%
(2) the normal-temperature circulating performance test of battery
The battery being prepared in embodiment and comparative example is subjected to following tests:
At 25 DEG C, 4.6V is first charged to battery with the constant current of 1C, further extremely with 4.6V constant voltage charging Electric current is 0.025C, and then with the constant current of 1C by battery discharge to 3.0V, this is a charge and discharge cycles process, this Discharge capacity is the discharge capacity of the 1st circulation.Battery carries out multiple cyclic charging and discharging test in a manner described, and detection obtains the The discharge capacity of 100 circulations, and it is calculate by the following formula the circulation volume conservation rate for obtaining battery.In addition, test result such as table 3 Shown in.
Battery 100 times circulation after capacity retention ratio (%)=(the 100th time circulation discharge capacity/1st time circulation put Capacitance) × 100%
(3) the high temperature cyclic performance test of battery
The battery being prepared in embodiment and comparative example carries out following tests:
At 45 DEG C, 4.6V is first charged to lithium ion secondary battery with the constant current of 1C, it is further constant with 4.6V It is 0.025C that voltage, which charges to electric current, and then with the constant current of 1C by battery discharge to 3.0V, this is a charge and discharge cycles Process, this discharge capacity are the discharge capacity of the 1st circulation.Battery carries out multiple cycle charge discharge electrical measurement in a manner described Examination, detection obtains the discharge capacity of the 100th circulation, and is calculate by the following formula the capacity retention ratio after the circulation for obtaining battery. In addition, test result is as follows shown in table 3.
Battery 100 times circulation after capacity retention ratio (%)=(the 100th time circulation discharge capacity/1st time circulation put Capacitance) × 100%
3 comparative example 1~26 of table and 1~17 cell testing results of comparative example
Related data from above-mentioned table 3, is analyzed as follows:
(1) test result analysis of high-temperature storage performance
The volume change and battery 1 obtained by battery 1~26#The comparison of obtained volume change can be seen that Sulfone-boron trifluoride complex and the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond are added in electrolyte, and battery is enabled to have There is lower volume change.
By battery 1#~8#Obtained volume change is it is known that electrolyte 1#In that any additive is not added so that Anode has very strong oxidisability under high-voltage state, and the organic solvent in meeting oxidation electrolyte is easy to cause battery producing gas, Keep the volume change of battery excessively high.
In addition, from battery 2#With battery 3#Obtained volume change is it is known that compared to sulfur-to-oxygen double bond is contained in electrolyte Cyclic ester compounds the case where, when in electrolyte contain sulfone-boron trifluoride complex when, battery have lower volume Change rate.
Due in battery 4#, battery 5#With battery 7#In, sulfone-boron trifluoride complex and the ring containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond The weight percentage of shape ester compounds is very little, is formed by the characteristics of passivating film cannot have both compactness and stability, also without Method effectively prevents the side reaction between active material and electrolyte, and the volume change after making battery storage is excessively high.
In battery 6#With battery 8#In, sulfone-boron trifluoride complex or the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond contain Amount is excessive, and excessive sulfone-boron trifluoride complex and the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond continue in positive/negative plate Surface reaction, causes interface impedance excessive, increases the side reaction between pole piece and electrolyte, the volume after leading to battery storage Change rate is larger.
In battery 1~8, the contents of the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond is 2%, be added content be 0.05%~ 10% sulfone-boron trifluoride complex can form fine and close, stable passivating film, prevent between active material and electrolyte Side reaction, making battery after storage at high temperatures has lower volume change, and after making battery store 6h at 85 DEG C, tool There is lower volume change.
In battery 9~14, sulfone-boron trifluoride complex content is 2%, and it is 0.5%~10% that content, which is added, The cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond, fine and close, stable passivating film can be formed, prevent active material and electrolyte it Between side reaction, making battery after storage at high temperatures has lower volume change, and with containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond ring-type be esterified The increase for closing the content of object after battery stores 6h at 85 DEG C, has lower volume change.Likewise, to battery 15~ 26 resulting volume changes are analyzed, and have analysis result same as described above.
(2) test result analysis of cycle performance
Capacity retention ratio and battery 1 after the circulation obtained by battery 1~26#Capacity retention ratio pair after obtained circulation Than can be seen that in electrolyte containing sulfone-boron trifluoride complex and containing the cyclic ester compounds of sulfur-to-oxygen double bond, battery Capacity retention ratio with higher, battery have excellent cycle performance under high temperature and room temperature.
By battery 1#~17#Capacity retention ratio after obtained circulation is it is known that electrolyte 1#In not any add without being added Add agent, so that organic solvent can generate more side reaction in pole piece, causes the capacity retention ratio of battery low.
In battery 2#With battery 3#In, sulfone-boron trifluoride complex is added in respective electrolyte respectively, is contained The cyclic ester compounds of sulfur-to-oxygen double bond can't be prevented effectively between active material and electrolyte due to being formed by passivating film Side reaction, to make cannot improving substantially for the cycle performance of battery.
Due in battery 4#, battery 5#With battery 7#In, sulfone-boron trifluoride complex and/or contain sulfur-to-oxygen double bond The weight percentage of cyclic ester compounds is very little, is formed by the characteristics of passivating film cannot have both compactness and stability, nothing Method effectively prevents the side reaction between active material and electrolyte, cannot get cycle performance of the battery under high temperature and room temperature It is effective to improve.
In battery 6#With battery 8#In, containing sulfone-boron trifluoride complex or contain the cyclic ester compounds of sulfur-to-oxygen double bond Content is excessive, and excessive sulfone-boron trifluoride complex and the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond remain in electrolyte In, continue to react in pole piece, interface impedance is caused to become larger, deteriorates cycle performance of the battery under high temperature and room temperature.
In battery 1~8, the contents of the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond is 2%, be added content be 0.05%~ 10% contains sulfone-boron trifluoride complex, can form fine and close, stable passivating film, prevent active material and electrolyte it Between side reaction, capacity retention ratio with higher after recycling battery under high temperature and room temperature.
It is 2% containing sulfone-boron trifluoride complex content in battery 4 and battery 9~14, content, which is added, is 0.5%~10% cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond can form fine and close, stable composite passivation film, prevent to live Side reaction between property substance and electrolyte, capacity retention ratio with higher after recycling battery under high temperature and room temperature.Together Sample, the capacity retention ratio after recycling to battery 15~26 is analyzed, and has analysis result same as described above.
In from the above as can be seen that when containing sulfone-boron trifluoride complex in electrolyte simultaneously and containing sulphur oxygen When the cyclic ester compounds of double bond, the capacity retention ratio after battery recycles under high temperature and room temperature is improved, battery is in high temperature and often Temperature is lower to have excellent cycle performance.
In summary: in the electrolytic solution, when the content containing sulfone-boron trifluoride complex is too small or excessive, when containing There is the cyclic ester compounds content of sulfur-to-oxygen double bond too small or excessive, cannot all form that fine and close, stable, interface performance is preferable Composite passivation film can not obtain the battery of the good cycle under high temperature and room temperature simultaneously.When electrolyte contains 0.05%~ 10% sulfone-boron trifluoride complex and 0.5%~10% the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond, especially contain There are 0.1%~4.0% sulfone-boron trifluoride complex and 1%~4% cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond, Cycle performance and high-temperature storage performance of the battery under high temperature and room temperature are all more excellent.
The application other embodiments:
According to the electrolyte and lithium battery of the method preparation embodiment 27~33 of previous embodiment, difference is: electrolyte Middle additive component and adding proportion are as shown in table 4:
4 embodiment of table, 27~33 battery electrolyte additive component and adding proportion
The performance for the battery being prepared is detected according to the method for previous embodiment, detection obtains embodiment battery 27~33 performance is similar to above embodiments, repeats no more as space is limited.
It is not for limiting claim, any this field skill although the application is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment Art personnel without departing from the concept of this application, can make several possible variations and modification, therefore the application Protection scope should be subject to the range that the claim of this application is defined.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of electrolyte, including organic solvent, electrolyte and additive, which is characterized in that the additive contains sulfone-trifluoro Change boron complex and the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond；
Sulfone in the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex is selected from least one of compound shown in structural formula I A and I B:
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~20Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2~20Alkenyl, replace or Unsubstituted C6~26Aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~20Alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C6~26Aryloxy group；R13、 R14It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~5Alkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted C2~5Alkenylene；Substituent group choosing From halogen atom；
The cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond in II A of formula, II B of formula, II C compound represented of formula at least one Kind:
R21、R22、R23、R24It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~5Alkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted C2~5's Alkenylene；Substituent group is selected from halogen atom；
The sulfone-boron trifluoride complex content is the 0.05%~10% of the total weight of electrolyte, described to contain sulphur The content of the cyclic ester compounds of oxygen double bond is the 0.5%~10% of the total weight of the electrolyte.
2. electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C2~6Alkenyl, replace Or unsubstituted phenyl；
R13、R14It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C2~4Alkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted C2~4Alkenylene.
3. electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex is selected from following At least one of compound:
4. electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the R21、R22、R23、R24It is each independently selected from substitution Or unsubstituted C1~3Alkylidene, substituted or unsubstituted C2~3Alkenylene；Substituent group is selected from halogen atom.
5. electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that compound shown in II A of formula is selected from following structuring Close at least one of object:
R25、R26、R27、R28It is each independently selected from hydrogen atom, halogen atom.
6. electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond are selected from At least one of following compound:
7. electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sulfone-boron trifluoride complex content is The 0.1%~5% of the total weight of electrolyte.
8. electrolyte according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cyclic ester compounds containing sulfur-to-oxygen double bond contain Amount is the 1%~5% of the total weight of electrolyte.
9. a kind of lithium ion battery, including positive plate, negative electrode tab, the isolation film being arranged at intervals between positive plate and negative electrode tab, And electrolyte；It is characterized in that, the electrolyte is any electrolyte of claim 1~8.
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CN114649583A (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-21 北京卫蓝新能源科技有限公司 Sulfur-based boron trifluoride salt electrolyte containing unsaturated heterocycle and preparation method and application thereof
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