CN105893709A - Test optimization method for pre-tightening force of ball screw of feeding system of numerical control machine tool - Google Patents
Test optimization method for pre-tightening force of ball screw of feeding system of numerical control machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN105893709A CN105893709A CN201610285987.5A CN201610285987A CN105893709A CN 105893709 A CN105893709 A CN 105893709A CN 201610285987 A CN201610285987 A CN 201610285987A CN 105893709 A CN105893709 A CN 105893709A
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- feed system
- ball
- screw
- pretightning force
- evaluation index
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
Abstract
The invention relates to a test optimization method for the pre-tightening force of a ball screw of a feeding system of a numerical control machine tool. The test optimization method comprises the following steps: establishing a measuring system for the pre-tightening force of the ball screw; establishing an evaluation index system for the dynamic performance of the feeding system; designing a test variable according to an evaluation index, performing dynamic performance test by utilizing a laser interferometer and analyzing the rule of influence of the change of the pre-tightening force on the dynamic performance of the feeding system according to a test result; analyzing the dynamic performance of the feeding system by adopting a layering analysis method, thereby accurately acquiring the pre-tightening force corresponding to the optimal dynamic performance of the feeding system. According to the test optimization method provided by the invention, the measuring system for the pre-tightening force of the ball screw and the evaluation index system for the dynamic performance of the feeding system are combined for acquiring the rule of influence of the change of the pre-tightening force on the dynamic performance of the feeding system by analyzing the test result on the basis of repeated dynamic performance test of the feeding system, so that the optimized pre-tightening force can be accurately, simply and conveniently acquired and the earlier stage assembly and the later stage adjustment of the ball screw can be guided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of assay optimization method of NC machine tool feed system pretightning force.Particularly relate to a kind of Digit Control Machine Tool enter
Assay optimization method to system ball-screw pretightning force.
Background technology
Ball-screw and rolling bearing are the basic mechanical driving devices of Digit Control Machine Tool feeding transmission system, its direct shadow of pretension degree
Ring the machining accuracy of Digit Control Machine Tool.Ball-screw pretension mainly includes the pretension between ball guide screw nat and ball-screw axle head axle
The pretension held.Owing in feed system, ball guide screw nat pretightning force cannot directly be measured, indirectly survey only with pretension torque
Amount, and after dispatching from the factory, pretightning force between ball guide screw nat it has been determined that.
Owing to all using prestretched formula to install when ball-screw is installed, the prestretched of leading screw is real by pretension ball-screw axle head bearing
Existing, concrete amount of tension rule of thumb formula determines, reuses difficulty.Therefore, find a kind of more accurately easy method to determine
The optimal value of Ball-screw in NC Machine Tools axle head pretightning force, instructs ball-screw early stage assembling in Digit Control Machine Tool and later stage thereof to adjust
Whole, the raising to numerical control machine finish is significant.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide one can more accurately determine NC machine tool feed system ball wire
The assay optimization method of the NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force of thick stick pretightning force optimal value.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of assay optimization method of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force,
Comprise the steps:
1) ball-screw pretension force measuring system is set up;
2) assessment indicator system of feed system dynamic property is set up;
3) according to evaluation index design experiment variable, laser interferometer is utilized to carry out dynamic performance testing test, according to result of the test
Analyze the pretightning force change affecting laws to feed system dynamic property;
4) use analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze feed system dynamic property, draw during feed system dynamic property optimum corresponding exactly
Pretightning force.
Step 1) described in set up ball-screw pretension force measuring system, including:
(1) according to ball-screw diameter specifications design flexibility axle sleeve, during installation, elastic shaft sleeve is between locking nut and bearing;
(2) select resistance strain gage, be pasted on outside elastic shaft sleeve on axial direction;
(3) build external electrical bridge circuit, the most directly reflect the deformation of elastic shaft sleeve;
(4) calibrate the ball-screw pretension force measuring system set up, reflect ball wire with enabling the system to the formal intuition with numerical value
The size of thick stick axle head pretightning force.
The ball-screw pretension force measuring system that calibration described in step (4) is set up, calibration steps uses and utilizes power to sense
Device is calibrated, and by force transducer and the elastic shaft sleeve series connection posting foil gauge, applies different pressure, and record elastic shaft sleeve is in difference
Strain value under pressure effect;Ball-screw pretension force measuring system after having calibrated, finally can reflect rolling with the form of numerical value
The size of ballscrew axle head pretightning force.
Step 2) described in the assessment indicator system setting up feed system dynamic property, including:
The response efficiency evaluation index of feed system, positioning precision evaluation index, speed Tracking evaluating characteristics index and lag characteristic
Evaluation index.
The response efficiency evaluation index of described feed system is:
Wherein, tpThe theoretical moment of stroke, t is covered for feed systemcIn the range of arriving desired displacement error ε for actual displacement
Moment, teFor test finish time.
Described positioning precision evaluation index, is to choose feed system to cover the theoretical moment of stroke as characteristic point, will be in theory
The actual displacement in moment and the evaluation index being used for positioning precision of desired displacement.
Described speed Tracking evaluating characteristics index, is to choose the feed system speed stable theoretical moment as characteristic point, will be
The actual speed in theoretical moment and the evaluation index being used for speed Tracking characteristic of ideal velocity.
Described lag characteristic evaluation index, is the theoretical moment that feed system reaches peak value to actually reach peak value with feed system
The evaluation index being used for lag characteristic in moment.
Step 3) described according to evaluation index design experiment variable, utilize laser interferometer to carry out dynamic performance testing test,
According to the test result analysis pretightning force change affecting laws to feed system dynamic property, it is under the pretightning force effect set,
According to four kinds of feed system evaluation of dynamic indexs, machine tool numerical control system is inputted corresponding test program, utilize laser interferometer
Record whole experimentation and result of the test.In set point, change pretightning force afterwards, dynamic performance testing test be repeated,
Obtain series of experimental results, by MATLAB software analysis experimental data, finally show that feed system is moved by pretightning force change
The affecting laws of state property energy.
The assay optimization method of a kind of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force of the present invention, is surveyed by ball-screw pretightning force
Amount system combines feeding dynamic performance assessment indicator system, on the basis of repeating feed system Dynamic performance examination, logical
Cross analysis result of the test and obtain the pretightning force change affecting laws to feed system dynamic property, show that feed system is dynamic exactly
Pretightning force corresponding during best performance.The present invention is by combining ball-screw pretension force measuring system and feed system dynamic property
Assessment indicator system, on the basis of repeating feed system Dynamic performance examination, analyzes result of the test and obtains pretightning force change
Affecting laws to feed system dynamic property, it is possible to accurately and easily obtain optimized pretightning force, before instructing ball-screw
Phase assembling adjusted with the later stage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the ball-screw pretension force test system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the assay optimization method of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force of the present invention.
In figure
1: locking nut 2: elastic shaft sleeve
3: internal axle sleeve 4: bearing block
5: resistance strain gage 6: bearing
7: ball-screw
Detailed description of the invention
The assay optimization side to a kind of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing
Method is described in detail.
As it is shown in figure 1, the assay optimization method of a kind of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force of the present invention, including such as
Lower step:
1) ball-screw pretension force measuring system as shown in Figure 1 is set up;
Step 1) described in set up ball-screw pretension force measuring system, including:
(1) designing suitable elastic shaft sleeve 2 according to ball-screw diameter specifications, during installation, elastic shaft sleeve 2 is between locking nut 1
And between bearing 6;
Elastic shaft sleeve 2 need to be designed according to the internal diameter of the diameter of ball-screw 7 and bearing block 4, and the internal diameter of elastic shaft sleeve 2 should
More than the diameter of ball-screw 7, the external diameter of elastic shaft sleeve 2 should be less than the internal diameter of bearing block 4.The width design of elastic shaft sleeve 2
Will be according to practical situation, it is ensured that between 10mm to 20mm.The external diameter surface of elastic shaft sleeve processes groove, is used for pasting
Resistance strain gage 5.
(2) select resistance strain gage 5, be pasted on outside elastic shaft sleeve 2 on axial direction;
Filament winding formula resistance strain gage is around resistor disc by resistance wire tray, owing to this resistor disc is cheap, is suitable to laboratory extensive
Use, therefore select filament winding formula resistance strain gage.Owing to the stress state of tested pilot is one-dimensional stress structure, it should select single
Axial strain sheet;Due to elastic shaft sleeve uniform in material, stress gradient is big, should select the foil gauge that grid length is little;Owing to loading pretightning force
Process there may be the effect of shock loading, the foil gauge that response frequency is high should be selected;Consider passing through of resistance strain gage
Electric current, from thermally-induced temperature rise, continuous working period etc. factor, the foil gauge that resistance value should be selected to be 350 Ω.
(3) build external electrical bridge circuit, the most directly reflect the deformation of elastic shaft sleeve;
The outside electric bridge built selects the Wheatstone bridge being most widely used, and selects digital electronic ammeter, by elastic shaft between two-arm
The deformation of set is expressed in digital form.
(4) the ball-screw pretension force measuring system set up is calibrated so that it is ball-screw can be reflected with the formal intuition of numerical value
The size of axle head pretightning force.
The ball-screw pretension force measuring system that described calibration is set up, calibration steps uses and utilizes force transducer to calibrate,
By force transducer and the elastic shaft sleeve series connection posting foil gauge, applying different pressure, record elastic shaft sleeve is in different pressures effect
Under strain value;Ball-screw pretension force measuring system after having calibrated, finally can reflect ballscrew shaft with the form of numerical value
The size of end pretightning force.
2) assessment indicator system of feed system dynamic property is set up, including:
The response efficiency evaluation index of feed system, positioning precision evaluation index, speed Tracking evaluating characteristics index and lag characteristic
Evaluation index;
(1) the response efficiency evaluation index of the feed system described in is:
Wherein, tpThe theoretical moment of stroke, t is covered for feed systemcIn the range of arriving desired displacement error ε for actual displacement
Moment, teFor test finish time;
(2) the positioning precision evaluation index described in, is to choose feed system to cover the theoretical moment t of strokepAs characteristic point, will
Actual displacement Xr and the evaluation index being used for positioning precision of desired displacement Xe in the theoretical moment, it may be assumed that
(3) the speed Tracking evaluating characteristics index described in, is to choose the feed system speed stable theoretical moment as characteristic point,
The evaluation index being used for speed Tracking characteristic by actual speed Vr and ideal velocity Ve in the theoretical moment, it may be assumed that
(4) the lag characteristic evaluation index described in, is the theoretical moment t that feed system reaches peak valueiActual with feed system reach
Moment t to peak valueaThe evaluation index being used for lag characteristic, it may be assumed that
3) according to evaluation index design experiment variable, laser interferometer is utilized to carry out dynamic performance testing test, according to result of the test
Analyze the pretightning force change affecting laws to feed system dynamic property;
Described according to evaluation index design experiment variable, utilize laser interferometer to carry out dynamic performance testing test, according to test
The interpretation of result pretightning force change affecting laws to feed system dynamic property, is under the pretightning force effect set, according to four kinds
Feed system evaluation of dynamic index inputs corresponding test program to machine tool numerical control system, including: for the sound of feed system
Answering efficiency evaluation index and positioning precision evaluation index, test program is displacement ramp signal;Speed Tracking for feed system
Evaluating characteristics index, test program is speed ramp signal;For the lag characteristic evaluation index of feed system, test program is
Move back and forth signal.And utilize laser interferometer to record whole experimentation and result of the test.Change entering to obtain pretightning force
To the affecting laws of dynamic performance, need to change pretightning force in set point, dynamic performance testing test be repeated,
Obtain series of experimental results, by MATLAB software analysis experimental data, finally show that feed system is moved by pretightning force change
The affecting laws of state property energy.
4) use analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze feed system dynamic property, draw during feed system dynamic property optimum corresponding exactly
Pretightning force.
The quality of feed system dynamic property is passed judgment on by the four of feed system evaluation indexes, it may be assumed that the response efficiency of feed system is commented
Valency index, positioning precision evaluation index, speed Tracking evaluating characteristics index and lag characteristic evaluation index.Described step analysis
Method, is that the element the most relevant with decision-making resolves into the levels such as target, criterion, scheme, carry out on this basis qualitative and
The decision method of quantitative analysis.Described feed system dynamic performance calculation formula is:
Wherein: A is feed system single shaft dynamic property, λ is every evaluation criterion weight, and B is every evaluation index,
J=(1 23 4), represents four indexs.
Utilize analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in the present invention, every evaluation index of feed system dynamic property is distributed suitable weight, profit
Obtaining the feed system dynamic property under different pretightning force variable effect with feed system dynamic performance calculation formula, feed system is moved
Pretightning force size corresponding during state best performance, is referred to as optimum pretightning force.
Claims (9)
1. the assay optimization method of a NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force, it is characterised in that include walking as follows
Rapid:
1) ball-screw pretension force measuring system is set up;
2) assessment indicator system of feed system dynamic property is set up;
3) according to evaluation index design experiment variable, laser interferometer is utilized to carry out dynamic performance testing test, according to test knot
Fruit analyzes the pretightning force change affecting laws to feed system dynamic property;
4) use analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze feed system dynamic property, show that feed system dynamic property optimum time institute is right exactly
The pretightning force answered.
The assay optimization method of a kind of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be, step 1) described in set up ball-screw pretension force measuring system, including:
(1) according to ball-screw diameter specifications design flexibility axle sleeve, during installation, elastic shaft sleeve is between locking nut and bearing;
(2) select resistance strain gage, be pasted on outside elastic shaft sleeve on axial direction;
(3) build external electrical bridge circuit, the most directly reflect the deformation of elastic shaft sleeve;
(4) calibrate the ball-screw pretension force measuring system set up, reflect ball with enabling the system to the formal intuition with numerical value
The size of leading screw axle head pretightning force.
The assay optimization method of a kind of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force the most according to claim 2, its
Being characterised by, the ball-screw pretension force measuring system that the calibration described in step (4) is set up, calibration steps uses profit
Firmly pick up calibration, by force transducer and the elastic shaft sleeve series connection posting foil gauge, applies different pressure, records elastic shaft
It is enclosed within the strain value under different pressures effect;Ball-screw pretension force measuring system after having calibrated, finally can be with the shape of numerical value
The size of formula reflection ball-screw axle head pretightning force.
The assay optimization method of a kind of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force the most according to claim 1, its
Be characterised by, step 2) described in the assessment indicator system setting up feed system dynamic property, including:
The response efficiency evaluation index of feed system, positioning precision evaluation index, speed Tracking evaluating characteristics index and lag characteristic
Evaluation index.
The assay optimization method of a kind of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force the most according to claim 4, its
It is characterised by,
The response efficiency evaluation index of described feed system is:
Wherein, tpThe theoretical moment of stroke, t is covered for feed systemcIn the range of arriving desired displacement error ε for actual displacement
Moment, teFor test finish time.
The assay optimization method of a kind of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force the most according to claim 4, its
It is characterised by, described positioning precision evaluation index, is to choose feed system to cover the theoretical moment of stroke as characteristic point, general
Actual displacement and the evaluation index being used for positioning precision of desired displacement in the theoretical moment.
The assay optimization method of a kind of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force the most according to claim 4, its
It is characterised by, described speed Tracking evaluating characteristics index, is to choose the feed system speed stable theoretical moment as characteristic point,
The evaluation index being used for speed Tracking characteristic by actual speed and ideal velocity in the theoretical moment.
The assay optimization method of a kind of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force the most according to claim 4, its
It is characterised by, described lag characteristic evaluation index, is feed system to reach theoretical moment of peak value actual with feed system reach
The evaluation index being used for lag characteristic to the moment of peak value.
The assay optimization method of a kind of NC machine tool feed system ball-screw pretightning force the most according to claim 1, its
Be characterised by, step 3) described according to evaluation index design experiment variable, utilize laser interferometer to carry out dynamic performance testing
Test, according to the test result analysis pretightning force change affecting laws to feed system dynamic property, is at the pretension masterpiece set
Under with, according to four kinds of feed system evaluation of dynamic indexs, machine tool numerical control system is inputted corresponding test program, utilize laser
Interferometer records whole experimentation and result of the test.In set point, change pretightning force afterwards, dynamic property is repeated and surveys
Have a try and test, obtain series of experimental results, by MATLAB software analysis experimental data, finally show that pretightning force change is right
The affecting laws of feed system dynamic property.
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Cited By (2)
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CN109297809A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-01 | 南京机电职业技术学院 | A kind of device and measurement method measuring bolt clamping force |
CN111735626A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-02 | 南京理工大学 | Comprehensive evaluation method for precision retentivity test of ball screw pair |
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