CN105891873A - Method for exploring fluid and gas in underground rock mass by adopting elastic wave reflection method - Google Patents
Method for exploring fluid and gas in underground rock mass by adopting elastic wave reflection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105891873A CN105891873A CN201610436213.8A CN201610436213A CN105891873A CN 105891873 A CN105891873 A CN 105891873A CN 201610436213 A CN201610436213 A CN 201610436213A CN 105891873 A CN105891873 A CN 105891873A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001028 reflection method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002706 plastid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 silt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/143—Generating seismic energy using mechanical driving means, e.g. motor driven shaft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/181—Geophones
- G01V1/184—Multi-component geophones
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for exploring fluid and gas in an underground rock mass by adopting an elastic wave reflection method. An elastic wave which is used for finding an explored object needs to be capable of bypassing the explored object, propagating in media, including a rock mass, on the periphery of the explored object, reaching an interface on the side, which is far relative to a survey line, of the explored object, and being reflected; moreover, the used elastic wave also needs to be capable of penetrating space or filling substance of the explored object, reaching the interface on the far side of the explored object and being reflected. According to the method, a method capable of separating longitudinal and transverse waves and a method capable of receiving a high broadband elastic wave are provided; the problem about exploring underground water and other fluid and gas substances by using the elastic wave which cannot be solved in industry at present is solved; particularly, the substances, with influence on engineering safety and quality, in a karst cave or an underground river with the diameter of over one meter can be explored.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical exploration technology, carry out direct Underground especially with elastic wave reflex method
The method of the liquids and gases such as water and technology.
Background technology
The exploration of elastic wave reflex method, since the proposition of generation nineteen twenty, has been widely used, detect at the energy,
Engineering and shallow-layer get a lot of applications in detecting, and are at home and abroad to apply work in geophysical exploration about exhausted technology
The method that amount is maximum.In recent decades, the most constantly study the direct mapping sub-surface of direct wave velocity method
Water and other fluid, gaseous matter.Particularly compressional wave can be through containing liquid, the medium of gas, and shear wave is then
Wear only liquid, this characteristic of gas, make many people in the industry want to utilize these characteristics to realize elastic wave reflex method
Direct look for water.But fail to break through always.Meanwhile, in constructing tunnel forecasts, need to pacify probe unit
It is contained in when automatically detecting on full face tunnel boring machine, shield machine and the such moving huge metal machinery of TBM
Geophysical prospecting method to electromagnetism class is a powerful interference.If elastic wave reflex method can directly visit water, will be
One good progress.During constructing tunnel, forecast may still be gushed mud is had the biggest expectation by water burst simultaneously.
The present invention proposes a set of thinking and technology, overcomes several heavy difficulty.Reach this preferable.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to design fluid in a kind of novel employing elastic wave reflex method Underground rock mass
With the method for gas, solve the problems referred to above.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of use fluid and the method for gas in elastic wave reflex method Underground rock mass, visited for finding
The elastic wave looking into object is wanted to walk around described object of being detected, and is detected comprising of object periphery described
Rock mass is at interior Propagation, and reaches described and detected object and carry out relative to the interface, side, a distant place of survey line
Reflection；Further, also want can be through the described space detected in object or full for the elastic wave of use
Material also reaches described interface, side, an object distant place of being detected and reflects；Need to meet following condition for this:
A. described for finding that the frequency range wavelength to be made being detected the elastic wave of object is less than described being detected
4 times of the size dimension of object, the computing formula of its medium wavelength is
Wavelength X=v/f
Wherein f is frequency
V is velocity of wave；
Thus obtain described being detected object and reflecting relative to nearly interface, side, side and the interface, side, a distant place of survey line
The lineups of ripple；Described for finding that the compressional wave by detecting the elastic wave of object is detected in object through described
The gas of filling and/or liquid and/or argillaceous sand stone, and walk around and described detected object, thus calculate described
Detected the size of object, and and then calculate and described detected the velocity of wave of charges in object；Described for
Find to be cannot pass through air and liquid by the shear wave detecting the elastic wave of object and reflected；
B. can be through the blending agent of argillaceous sand stone+liquid for described shear wave, the frequency of described shear wave is low
In 3000Hz；Reflect, the frequency of described shear wave in order to described shear wave wears the blending agent of only argillaceous sand stone+liquid
Rate 3500Hz to be exceeded；
C. reflect in order to described shear wave is stopped by aqueous crack more than 2cm width, and energy on time section
Enough resolutions and discovery, the frequency of described shear wave need to reach more than 7000Hz；
D. ripple is only worn and is reflected on time cross-section and is reflected as reflected intensity increase, and is reflected as described
Detected object relative to dissipating in the middle of the nearly interface, side, side of survey line and the lineups of side, distant place interface echo
Penetrate the feature that clutter is few；By described compressional wave and the time cross-section of described shear wave of contrast different frequency range, and
Tell these features.
Preferably, the compressional wave collected to be separated and avoid the interference of converted wave with shear wave, and use as follows
Compressional wave is separated and avoids the interference of converted wave by method with shear wave:
A, use 5-200cm minimum shake-inspection away from impulse and method of reseptance, and described minimum shake-inspection away from
Selection make the incidence wave incidence angle < 3 ° to reflecting surface；
The wave detector structure that B, employing are less than 2% to the sensitivity of the particle displacement of the y direction being perpendicular to wave detector
The three-component geophone become, measures shear wave and compressional wave respectively, and is built into compressional wave time section and shear wave time
Section, and compressional wave and the transverse wave speed of each layer is directly measured when not disturbed by converted wave.
Preferably, described three-component geophone uses the wave detector that can accept high wideband.
Preferably, the solution cavity detecting more than 1m size uses the frequency compressional wave higher than 900Hz distinguishable to obtain
The reflection line-ups in solution cavity proximally and distally face；The solution cavity detecting more than 0.5m size uses frequency to be higher than
The compressional wave of 1700Hz obtains the reflection line-ups in distinguishable solution cavity proximally and distally face.
Preferably, use and the mode of impulsing of high wideband ripple can be excited to excite described detected object for finding
Elastic wave.
Preferably, described high wideband ripple refers to that frequency is more than the ripple of 1000Hz.
The so-called fluid of the present invention includes but not limited to the liquid such as underground water and the mixture such as silt, stone thereof.
For overcoming with the elastic wave reflex direct Undergroundwater sounding of method etc. containing liquid and the material of gaseous state in the present invention,
The present invention proposes following thinking and technical method:
The separation of ripple and avoid the interference of converted wave the most in length and breadth
Traditional seismic reflection method is that any impulses, multipoint reception, the most on the reflecting surface incidence wave and ejected wave
There are certain incidence angle, incident compressional wave, converted shear wave can be produced on the reflecting surface, and through reflecting surface
Time can produce again the converted shear wave passed through, converted shear wave can be produced again from the compressional wave of a reflective surface；And
Incident shear wave, produces conversion reflected P-wave and the conversion compressional wave that passes through the most on the reflecting surface at the next one
On reflecting surface, the shear wave of reflecting surface can produce again conversion compressional wave.Therefore, it is impossible to distinguish converted wave with direct
Back wave.The most at the scene during data acquisition, how from various ripples, to be directly separated out compressional wave and shear wave, mesh
Before be also the difficult problem for solving.The present invention proposes following method:
(1) use close to zero shake inspection away from impulse and method of reseptance, minimum shake-inspection away from selection 5～200cm,
And the incidence angle < 3 ° (seeing Fig. 1) that incidence wave is to reflecting surface.In this case through the converting wave energy of ripple
Measure the faintest.The control mode of incidence angle may refer to Application No. 201010266601.9, entitled
" one elastic wave reflex method is made constructing tunnel team leader and is forecast the occurrence of plastid reflecting surface and locus definitely
Method " Chinese invention patent.
(2) wave detector that directionality is the strongest is used to build three-component geophone, the y direction of single detector
The sensitivity of particle displacement less than 2% (seeing Fig. 2), measure shear wave and compressional wave respectively, thus can separate
The compressional wave of each layer reflective surface and shear wave；
Thus achieve the wavelength-division in length and breadth of back wave from, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is to use minimum shake-inspection away from ultrabroad band
Certain tunnel working geology of elastic wave reflex continuous profiling gives the correct time the compressional wave time obtained on 1 survey line in advance
Section and shear wave time section (once impulsing, three-component geophone receives simultaneously, is respectively prepared time section).
2. pass through and around the ripple being visited geologic body
Water content is often two-phase material (filling water and air, water-filling and mud) or three-phase material (water-filling and silt
And air), compressional wave incide visited water-filling, fill mud, be full of air object (such as solution cavity, underground river,
Aqueous crevice water etc.) time be directly through velocity of wave the most from the side high medium get around？Shear wave is in incidence
To the water-filling visited, fill mud, be full of air object be fully reflective return or the most fast
Rock mass is got around？Then it is always the query of industry personnel.
This problem can only be learnt by test at present: when wavelength can be intended with measured object size, such as, works as survey
The solution cavity of one 1m size of amount, wavelength is in 4m size, and ripple is it is possible to there are two kinds of situations；
A. ripple rock mass from solution cavity is walked around, and arrives solution cavity bottom reflection and is received.
B. compressional wave passes from solution cavity, reflects and received at the bottom of arrival solution cavity；
Owing to rock mass velocity is far above media such as the empty gas and water of filling, silt particles in solution cavity, therefore from rock mass
The ripple that the Bob walked around is crossed from hole hollow is first received, and can be described as fast wave, and the ripple directly through solution cavity needs relatively
Many times just can be received, and is properly termed as slow wave；Shear wave then wears only water and air.
One of model experiment: arrange survey line on 4th floors floors of certain office building.Use minimum shake-inspection away from ultra-wideband
The back wave of 3rd floors, 2nd floors, 1st floor floors is detected with elastic wave reflex continuous profiling compressional wave.Wherein 2nd floors
In order to Stall hall has only spread half floor as choosing high level, building up the cantilever platform of band railing, Fig. 5 is that floor cuts open
Face figure.The time section of the loose stratum that the straight line survey line that vertical 2nd floors cantilever platform edge of table directions are arranged records
(Fig. 6) reflection line-ups of back wave of each layer, the wherein reflection of 2nd floors floors can clearly be obtained in,
Ripple lineups reflect the cantilever platform structure of only 3rd floors, 1st floor half widths, be also shown in and reflect than floor in figure
The ripple that the ripple time is shorter, the ripple that the Solid construction thing part in this Shi Cong building is walked around.The floor height in each building is with air
Velocity of wave calculates and is consistent with actual floor height.
The two of model experiment: the 1:1 test in large-scale physical model test field
Model 1 is that a 0.6m width of face 8.6m, 0.7m be high, the square plastic charging basket of thick 0.4m away from detecting
Model 2 is a 1.4m width away from measuring surface 14.6m, cylindrical plastic bucket high for 2m
Model 3 is a 1.4m width away from measuring surface 19.3m, cylindrical plastic bucket high for 2m
Model is filled with sky gas and water, water and silt mixture respectively.Use minimum shake-inspection away from ultrabroad band
Elastic wave reflex continuous profiling result of the test shows (see Fig. 7), air that compressional wave can fill in passing and water
Add water with silt, it is possible to walk around by reflecting, by " the rock of surrounding at the bottom of " rock mass " arrival hole of surrounding
Body " velocity of wave can be with the distance of the end face of the nearly survey line of computation model to distal face；Shear wave then can't pass
Water and air, can only walk around cavity and reflect from the bottom of " rock mass " arrival hole of surrounding.So, by wearing
Cross the compressional wave inverse velocity of wave of testee, it may be determined that the wherein medium of filling.
For being mixed with the charges of sand, water, mud, compressional wave can pass through, and shear wave is then determined by frequency.From examination
Test and can see (see Fig. 8), when frequency is at below 3000Hz, do not see the situation of shear wave strong reflection,
Explanation is to have passed through charges, and when frequency is up to 3500-4000Hz, occurs in that obvious shear wave is from filling
Filling out thing reflection and can not wear the phenomenon pass by, when 4000Hz, in the medium of model test, shear wave length is about
30-40cm。
As can be seen here for being mixed with the three-phase medium of the charges of sand, water, mud, the frequency of shear wave penetrate or
Reflection is determined by frequency.Only frequency reach about 4000Hz be only possible to reflection.As for crevice water, by
Width in crack is only Centimeter Level, and therefore, the frequency of use need to reach 7000Hz～10000Hz and just produce instead
Penetrate.
Excite and receive sufficiently high frequency so that can find the object detected, and ripple is except can be around
Cross object in the Propagations such as its periphery rock mass interface, side, the distant place reflection that reaches its relative survey line, also
The reflection of its interface, side, distant place can be reached, in order to learn filling by velocity of wave through full material in testee
Material.For this:
A. frequency range wavelength to be made used is comparable with by spy article size, it is, in general, that wavelength be less than by
Detect article size size 4 times；
Wavelength X=v/f
Wherein f is frequency
V is velocity of wave
The most just can obtain being visited the object closely interface, side, side and side, distant place interface echo relative to survey line
Lineups；Compressional wave through being detected the air of filling in object, liquid, argillaceous sand stone+liquid, and walk around by
Visit object, thus can be calculated reflection interval by interface, the side reflection interval of nearly survey line and interface, side, a distant place
The size of object, and and then calculate the velocity of wave of charges in object and why learn charges；Shear wave can not
Reflected through air and liquid；The behavior of ripple can be checked mutually in length and breadth.
B. the frequency shear wave less than 3000Hz is by the blending agent through argillaceous sand stone+liquid, more than 3500Hz's
The blending agent wearing only argillaceous sand stone+liquid is reflected by shear wave；
C. the frequency for crevice water, shear wave need to reach more than 7000Hz and just stopped by the aqueous crack that 2cm is wide
And reflect, and can differentiate and find on time section；
D. ripple is only worn and is reflected on time cross-section and is reflected as reflected intensity and increases and relative with being detected body survey
The feature that in the middle of the nearly interface, side, side of line and the reflection line-ups at interface, side, a distant place, scattering clutter is few is right
These features can be found than compressional wave and the shear wave time cross-section of different frequency range.
3. excite and receive ripple high, wide band
The novel mode of impulsing is used to excite ripple high, wide band, and elastic away from ultrabroad band with minimum shake-inspection
Wave reflection continuous profiling.Traditional mode of impulsing is by the mode such as explosive, hammering, makes blast or weight
The contact surface hitting backing plate and soil, rock produces vibration, and therefore frequency is low and frequency range is narrow.The present invention can pass through
One steel pole of hammering or little metal derby produce the vibration of high wideband and become focus, and vibration passes to propagate in soil, rock,
Therefore can produce the ripple that shakes of high wideband, its frequency is from tens Hz to 20000Hz；Have employed land sonar simultaneously
The wave detector of the ultrabroad band that method is special.The production method of high frequency vibrating ripple specifically may refer to Application No.
201310473313.4, entitled " the wavelet analysis device of a kind of elastic wave exploration and the method that impulses thereof "
Chinese invention patent.Fig. 9 is the frequency spectrum that impulses of actual measurement, and Figure 10 is that lower loud, high-pitched sound comes Yi He difficult to understand about 300m Shen Hua hilllock
Scar spectral reflection.It can be seen that frequency may be up to more than 10000Hz.
When using the highest frequency band work, radio-frequency component can all be absorbed？Except practice result and
Outside simulated test, also should there is convincingness more fully in theory, be drawn a conclusion in terms of theory deduction.
Can derive from wave equation
Conventional method, such as method of seismic prospecting, the frequency of use is that about 40Hz (such as petroleum seismic) arrives
About 200Hz (as shallow-layer is detected), therefore people's research is satisfied
η ' the ω < < situation of λ+2 μ
Analyze 2 formula above, it can be seen that when η is constant in viscous medium, if the frequency of ripple is the lowest, on
In formula, η ' ω is negligible, then obtains after abbreviation
Illustrate when frequency is relatively low (such as the spectral range of seismic wave), seismic wave in viscous medium with constant speed Vp
Propagating, amplitude is with ω2Increase and decay (because of the same ω of α2Being directly proportional, circular frequency ω=2 π f, f are frequency).
And present invention research is for the most high-frequency situation, such as 2000Hz～8000Hz.
At this moment η ' ω > > λ+2 μ
I.e.
Absorption coefficient is directly proportional to the square root of circular frequency
Illustrate when frequency is higher, elastic wave in viscous medium with constant speed VpPropagating, amplitude is with ω1/2Increase
And decay (because the same ω of α1/2It is directly proportional).
Beneficial effects of the present invention can be summarized as follows:
1, the present invention solve cannot break through the most always with wave velocity method direct mapping sub-surface water and
Its fluid, gaseous matter problem, especially can detect and affect the diameter of engineering safety and quality
Material in the solution cavity of more than 1 meter and underground river.
2, the present invention solves in constructing tunnel forecasts, needs probe unit is arranged on full advance
On machine when automatic Undergroundwater sounding and other fluid, gaseous matter, shield machine and TBM are such
The moving huge metal machinery powerful interference problem to electromagnetism class geophysical prospecting method.
3, the invention enables the elastic wave reflex method can be with the crack in the crack of direct detection to more than width 2cm
Water, when particularly solving constructing tunnel, forecast may the crevice water of water burst, the asking of tomography water
Topic.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that incidence wave involves incidence angle angle of reflection schematic diagram with reflection
Wherein A is measuring surface
B is reflecting surface
Α is incidence angle and angle of reflection
Fig. 2 is wave detector, the wave detector longitudinal axis and particle movement direction schematic diagram
Wherein A is wave detector longitudinal axis
A is particle vertical geophone longitudinal axis direction
B is that particle is along wave detector longitudinal axis direction
Fig. 3 is anti-away from ultrabroad band elastic wave with minimum shake-inspection on certain tunnel working geology pre-tape survey line
Penetrate the compressional wave time section that continuous profiling obtains；
Wherein a1、a2、a3、a4、a5It is respectively the back wave of the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd, the 4th and the 5th reflecting surface
Lineups；Filename: testZ-1000-1500Hz, number of channels: 50, chronomere: ms.
Fig. 4 is anti-away from ultrabroad band elastic wave with minimum shake-inspection on certain tunnel working geology pre-tape survey line
Penetrate the shear wave time section that continuous profiling obtains；
Wherein, b1、b2、b3、b4、b5It is respectively the reflection of the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd, the 4th and the 5th reflecting surface
Ripple lineups；Filename: testZ-1000-1500Hz, number of channels: 50, chronomere: ms.
Fig. 5 is the experiment building profile of one of model experiment, and wherein 51 is Stall floor, and 52 is second floor ground
Plate, 53 is 3rd floors floors, and 54 is 4th floors floors, and 55 is escalator, and 56 is window, and 57 is hall, 58
For line direction.
Fig. 6 is one of model experiment minimum shake-inspection time away from ultrabroad band elastic wave reflex continuous profiling
Profile, filtered band is 1000～1500Hz
Wherein (1) is the reflection line-ups on Stall floor；
(2) it is the reflection line-ups on second floor floor, lineups can be seen and only have the wide nearly half in building,
Only arrive cantilever platform edge；
(3) it is the reflection line-ups on 3rd floors floors；
Fig. 7 is the time cross-section of the compressional wave of the two of model experiment, and filtering shelves are 3000～3500Hz
Wherein
1 is the reflection line-ups that the face in face closely detected by model 1；
2 walk around model 1 from its " country rock " arrival mode 1 at the back wave detecting face distal face for ripple
Lineups；
3 pass the air arrival mode 1 in model 1 at the reflected wave in phase detecting face distal face for ripple
Axle；
4 is the reflection line-ups that the face in face closely detected by model 2
5 walk around model 2 from its " country rock " arrival mode 2 at the back wave detecting face distal face for ripple
Lineups；
6 pass the water arrival mode 1 in model 2 at the reflection line-ups detecting face distal face for ripple；
7 is the reflection line-ups that the face in face closely detected by model 3；
Fig. 8 is the time cross-section of two shear waves of model experiment, and filtering shelves are 3000～3500Hz
Wherein
1 is the reflection line-ups that the face in face closely detected by model 1；
2 walk around model 1 for ripple is detecting the back wave of face distal face together from its " country rock " arrival mode 1
Phase axle；
4 is the reflection line-ups that the face in face closely detected by model 2；
5 walk around model 2 for ripple is detecting the back wave of face distal face together from its " country rock " arrival mode 2
Phase axle；
7 is the reflection line-ups that the face in face closely detected by model 3；
8 walk around model 3 for ripple is detecting the back wave of face distal face together from its " country rock " arrival mode 2
Phase axle；
Fig. 9 is the spectrogram that impulses, and wherein the longitudinal axis is amplitude, and transverse axis is frequency.
Figure 10 is that lower loud, high-pitched sound carrys out Yi He mining area difficult to understand about 300m deep granite face spectral reflection figure, and wherein the longitudinal axis is
Amplitude, transverse axis is frequency..
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make technical problem solved by the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect clearer, with
Lower combination drawings and Examples, are further elaborated to the present invention.Should be appreciated that described herein
Specific embodiment only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
A kind of use fluid and the method for gas in elastic wave reflex method Underground rock mass, visited for finding
The elastic wave looking into object is wanted to walk around described object of being detected, and is detected comprising of object periphery described
Rock mass is at interior Propagation, and reaches described and detected object and carry out relative to the interface, side, a distant place of survey line
Reflection；Further, also want can be through the described space detected in object or full for the elastic wave of use
Material also reaches described interface, side, an object distant place of being detected and reflects；Need to meet following condition for this:
A. described for finding that the frequency range wavelength to be made being detected the elastic wave of object is less than described being detected
4 times of the size dimension of object, the computing formula of its medium wavelength is
Wavelength X=v/f
Wherein f is frequency
V is velocity of wave；
Thus obtain described being detected object and reflecting relative to nearly interface, side, side and the interface, side, a distant place of survey line
The lineups of ripple；Described for finding that the compressional wave by detecting the elastic wave of object is detected in object through described
The gas of filling and/or liquid and/or argillaceous sand stone, and walk around and described detected object, thus calculate described
Detected the size of object, and and then calculate and described detected the velocity of wave of charges in object；Described for
Find to be cannot pass through air and liquid by the shear wave detecting the elastic wave of object and reflected；
B. can be through the blending agent of argillaceous sand stone+liquid for described shear wave, the frequency of described shear wave is low
In 3000Hz；Reflect, the frequency of described shear wave in order to described shear wave wears the blending agent of only argillaceous sand stone+liquid
Rate 3500Hz to be exceeded；
C. reflect in order to described shear wave is stopped by aqueous crack more than 2cm width, and energy on time section
Enough resolutions and discovery, the frequency of described shear wave need to reach more than 7000Hz；
D. ripple is only worn and is reflected on time cross-section and is reflected as reflected intensity increase, and is reflected as described
Detected object relative to dissipating in the middle of the nearly interface, side, side of survey line and the lineups of side, distant place interface echo
Penetrate the feature that clutter is few；By described compressional wave and the time cross-section of described shear wave of contrast different frequency range, and
Tell these features.
In embodiment more preferably, the compressional wave collected to be separated and avoids the dry of converted wave with shear wave
Disturb, and adopt the interference that compressional wave separates with shear wave and avoids converted wave with the following method:
A, use 5-200cm minimum shake-inspection away from impulse and method of reseptance, and described minimum shake-inspection away from
Selection make the incidence wave incidence angle < 3 ° to reflecting surface；
The wave detector structure that B, employing are less than 2% to the sensitivity of the particle displacement of the y direction being perpendicular to wave detector
The three-component geophone become, measures shear wave and compressional wave respectively, and is built into compressional wave time section and shear wave time
Section, and compressional wave and the transverse wave speed of each layer is directly measured when not disturbed by converted wave.
In embodiment more preferably, described three-component geophone uses the wave detector that can accept high wideband.
In embodiment more preferably, it is vertical that the solution cavity detecting more than 1m size uses frequency higher than 900Hz
Ripple obtains the reflection line-ups in distinguishable solution cavity proximally and distally face；Detect the solution cavity of more than 0.5m size
The frequency compressional wave higher than 1700Hz is used to obtain the reflection line-ups in distinguishable solution cavity proximally and distally face.
In embodiment more preferably, it is described for sending out that employing can excite the mode of impulsing of high wideband ripple to excite
Now detected the elastic wave of object.
In embodiment more preferably, described high wideband ripple refers to that frequency is more than the ripple of 1000Hz.
In the present invention:
(1) use close to zero shake inspection away from impulse and method of reseptance,
(2) use the wave detector that directionality is the strongest to build three-component geophone, accept compressional wave and horizontal stroke the most respectively
Ripple,
(3) employing height is wide band impulses and receives.
Use the three-component geophone that directionality is the strongest, measure shear wave and compressional wave respectively, thus can separate each layer
The compressional wave of reflective surface and shear wave, do not disturbed by converted wave；Thus achieve the ripple in length and breadth of back wave
Separating, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is to use minimum shake-inspection certain tunnel away from ultrabroad band elastic wave reflex continuous profiling
The compressional wave time section obtained on 1 survey line during road prediction and shear wave time section (once impulse,
Three-component geophone receives simultaneously, is respectively prepared time section).
One of model experiment: arrange survey line on 4th floors floors of certain office building.Use minimum shake-inspection away from ultra-wideband
The back wave of 3rd floors, 2nd floors, 1st floor floors is detected with elastic wave reflex continuous profiling.Wherein 2nd floors for one
Hall, building has only spread half floor as choosing high level, builds up the cantilever platform of band railing, and Fig. 5 is floor profile.
The time section of the loose stratum that the straight line survey line that vertical 2nd floors cantilever platform edge of table directions are arranged records, Fig. 6
In can clearly obtain the reflection line-ups of back wave of each layer, the wherein reflection line-ups of 2nd floors floors
Reflect the cantilever platform structure of only 3rd floors, 1st floor half widths, figure is also shown in than the floor back wave time more more
Short ripple, the ripple that the Solid construction thing part in this Shi Cong building is walked around.The floor height in each building calculates with the velocity of wave of air
It is consistent with actual floor height.
The two of model experiment: the 1:1 test in large-scale physical model test field
Model 1 is that a 0.6m width of face 8.6m, 0.7m be high, the square plastic charging basket of thick 0.4m away from detecting
Model 2 is a 1.4m width away from measuring surface 14.6m, cylindrical plastic bucket high for 2m
Model 3 is a 1.4m width away from measuring surface 19.3m, cylindrical plastic bucket high for 2m
Model is filled with sky gas and water, water and silt mixture respectively.Use minimum shake-inspection away from ultrabroad band
Elastic wave reflex continuous profiling result of the test show (see Fig. 7,8), the air that compressional wave can fill in passing and
Water and silt add water, it is possible to walk around by reflecting (Fig. 7) at the bottom of " rock mass " arrival hole of surrounding；And it is horizontal
Ripple is then to can't pass water and air, can only walk around cavity and reflect (figure from the bottom of " rock mass " arrival hole of surrounding
8).So, by the ripple through testee, it may be determined that the wherein medium of filling.
And for being mixed with the charges of sand, water, mud, compressional wave can pass through, shear wave is then determined by frequency,
From test it can be seen that when frequency is at below 3000Hz, do not see the situation of shear wave strong reflection, but
Have passed through charges, and when frequency is up to 3500-4000Hz, occur in that obvious shear wave is anti-from charges
Penetrating and wear phenomenon that not pass by, when 4000Hz, in the medium of model test, shear wave length is about 30-40cm.
As can be seen here for being mixed with the three-phase medium of the charges of sand, water, mud, the frequency of shear wave penetrate or
Reflection is determined by frequency.Only frequency reach about 4000Hz be only possible to reflection.As for crevice water, by
Width in crack is only Centimeter Level, and therefore, the frequency of use need to reach 8000Hz～10000Hz and just produce instead
Penetrate.
Produce high wideband by one steel pole of hammering or little metal derby to vibrate and become focus, vibration pass to soil,
Propagating in rock, therefore can produce the ripple that shakes of high wideband, its frequency is from tens Hz to 20000Hz；Use simultaneously
The wave detector of the ultrabroad band that loose stratum is special.Fig. 9 is the frequency spectrum that impulses of actual measurement, and Figure 10 is lower loud, high-pitched sound
Carry out Yi He difficult to understand about 300m deep granite face spectral reflection.It can be seen that frequency may be up to more than 10000Hz.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can
These embodiments can be carried out multiple change without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention to understand
Changing, revise, replace and modification, the scope of the present invention be defined by the appended.
The present invention is described in detail above by concrete and preferred embodiment, but those skilled in the art
Should be understood that and the invention is not limited in embodiment described above, all within the spirit and principles in the present invention,
Any amendment of being made, equivalent etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. one kind uses fluid and the method for gas in elastic wave reflex method Underground rock mass, it is characterised in that
For finding that the elastic wave by detecting object can walk around described object of being detected, and detected thing described
The Propagation comprising rock mass of body periphery, and reach described and detected an object distant place relative to survey line
Interface, side is reflected；Further, the elastic wave of use is also wanted to pass the described sky detected in object
Between or the material that is full of reach described interface, side, an object distant place of being detected and reflect；Need satisfied as follows for this
Condition:
A. described for finding that the frequency range wavelength to be made being detected the elastic wave of object is less than described being detected
4 times of the size dimension of object, the computing formula of its medium wavelength is
Wavelength X=v/f
Wherein f is frequency
V is velocity of wave；
Thus obtain described being detected object and reflecting relative to nearly interface, side, side and the interface, side, a distant place of survey line
The lineups of ripple；Described for finding that the compressional wave by detecting the elastic wave of object is detected in object through described
The gas of filling and/or liquid and/or argillaceous sand stone, and walk around and described detected object, thus calculate described
Detected the size of object, and and then calculate and described detected the velocity of wave of charges in object；Described for
Find to be cannot pass through air and liquid by the shear wave detecting the elastic wave of object and reflected；
B. can be through the blending agent of argillaceous sand stone+liquid for described shear wave, the frequency of described shear wave is low
In 3000Hz；Reflect, the frequency of described shear wave in order to described shear wave wears the blending agent of only argillaceous sand stone+liquid
Rate 3500Hz to be exceeded；
C. reflect in order to described shear wave is stopped by aqueous crack more than 2cm width, and energy on time section
Enough resolutions and discovery, the frequency of described shear wave need to reach more than 7000Hz；
D. ripple is only worn and is reflected on time cross-section and is reflected as reflected intensity increase, and is reflected as described
Detected object relative to dissipating in the middle of the nearly interface, side, side of survey line and the lineups of side, distant place interface echo
Penetrate the feature that clutter is few；By described compressional wave and the time cross-section of described shear wave of contrast different frequency range, and
Tell these features.
Fluid and gas in employing elastic wave reflex method Underground rock mass the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that the compressional wave collected will separate with shear wave and avoid the interference of converted wave, uses
Compressional wave is separated and avoids the interference of converted wave by following method with shear wave:
A, use 5-200cm minimum shake-inspection away from impulse and method of reseptance, and described minimum shake-inspection away from
Selection make the incidence wave incidence angle < 3 ° to reflecting surface；
The wave detector structure that B, employing are less than 2% to the sensitivity of the particle displacement of the y direction being perpendicular to wave detector
The three-component geophone become, measures shear wave and compressional wave respectively, and is built into compressional wave time section and shear wave time
Section, and compressional wave and the transverse wave speed of each layer is directly measured when not disturbed by converted wave.
Fluid and gas in employing elastic wave reflex method Underground rock mass the most according to claim 2
Method, it is characterised in that described three-component geophone uses the wave detector that can accept high wideband.
Fluid and gas in employing elastic wave reflex method Underground rock mass the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that the solution cavity detecting more than 1m size uses the frequency compressional wave higher than 900Hz to obtain
The reflection line-ups in distinguishable solution cavity proximally and distally face；The solution cavity detecting more than 0.5m size uses frequency
Compressional wave higher than 1700Hz obtains the reflection line-ups in distinguishable solution cavity proximally and distally face.
Fluid and gas in employing elastic wave reflex method Underground rock mass the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that use and the mode of impulsing of high wideband ripple can be excited to excite described detected for finding
The elastic wave of object.
Fluid and gas in employing elastic wave reflex method Underground rock mass the most according to claim 5
Method, it is characterised in that described high wideband ripple refers to that frequency is more than the ripple of 1000Hz.
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