CN105891087A - Device and method for measuring porosity and grain breakage rate of compressed piled sand - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring porosity and grain breakage rate of compressed piled sand Download PDFInfo
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- CN105891087A CN105891087A CN201610238161.3A CN201610238161A CN105891087A CN 105891087 A CN105891087 A CN 105891087A CN 201610238161 A CN201610238161 A CN 201610238161A CN 105891087 A CN105891087 A CN 105891087A
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010015866 Extravasation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036251 extravasation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011545 laboratory measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
-
- G01N2015/1024—
Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring the porosity and the grain breakage rate of compressed piled sand. The device mainly adopts a theory of communicating vessels and micro-compressibility of water and comprises a hydraulic device, a sealing rubber base block, a compression base block, an internal metal mold, an internal transparent observation window, an external glass measuring tool, bottom communicating micro-channels and the like; fine sand as a proppant is added to the internal metal mold, then water is added to the mold until the piled sand is just submerged in the water, the piled sand is compressed through the compression base block, the water subjected to compression flows into the external glass measuring tool through the bottom communicating micro-channels, and the increased water yield, namely, the reduction degree of the porosity of the piled sand can be read. The device and the method have the beneficial effects as follows: the porosity change and the grain breakage rate of the compressed piled sand as well as the proppant embedding degree can be measured, and support is provided for optimization of a proppant laying manner and prediction of the relation of sand packed crack width with pressure change; the device is simple in structure, light and easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for laboratory measurement pressurized accumulation sand body porosity and the device and method of grain breakage rate, belong to the field of oil-gas field development technology.
Background technology
Shale gas is a kind of very important unconventional energy resource, and hypotonic, fine and close is the topmost feature of shale gas reservoir, uses traditional production technique cannot obtain industrial gas, thus the development of shale gas receives serious obstruction.In recent ten years, especially in the U.S., due to horizontal well drilling technology and the appearance of MHF technology, U.S.'s shale gas industrial development has obtained rapid progress, and shale gas reservoir can the considerable industrial gas of extraction.China's shale gas aboundresources, reserves are about about 15,000,000,000,000-30 tcms, and roughly the same with the U.S. 28.3 tcm, economic worth is huge.Therefore, carry out the technical research of fracturing and related fields, most important for exploitation shale gas resource.
The crack forming high flow conductivity is the main target of fracturing, the flow conductivity in crack refers to sand packed fracture permeability and the product of fracture width under reservoir condition, therefore the flow conductivity in the crack that fracturing is formed is fracture permeabgility and two interactive results of aspect of fracture width, and the performance of fracture condudtiviy and fracture width and proppant has certain relation.Specific explanations is as follows: under certain clossing pressure effect, proppant can embed stratum, proppant particles deformation simultaneously is even broken affects fracture width further, and in certain degree, reduce porosity and the penetration radius of sand packed fracture, according to height just Buddhist nun's Kalman's permeability formula it is recognised that the permeability of back-up sand layer and porosity and penetration radius square proportional.
The most relevant research finds, the impact of the performance fracture flow conductivity of proppant is huge, the main target that high circularity, high sphericity, high rigidity, isometrical proppant are pursued often.Having two kinds of accumulation modes between isometrical spherical shape proppant sand grains, respectively: square is banked up, rhombus is banked up, the accumulation sand body porosity of each self-forming of two ways is ascending respectively: rhombus is banked up, and < square is banked up.But it is random that substantial amounts of proppant is packed together, two kinds of accumulation modes all can exist, and there is a certain amount of cavity unavoidably.If proppant is not of uniform size, it is also possible to exist: 1. embed small size particle between bulky grain hole；2. little granule is filled between cavity.If proppant is aspheric, accumulation mode is the most complicated, and cavity also can increase.In a word, the accumulation mode of proppant is affected notable by the size of proppant, sphericity；But, no matter proppant is the most isometrical or spherical, and the porosity of bulk deposition sand body is close to 40%, and amount is the biggest, and porosity value is closer to 40%.And these pile up the change procedure of porosity after sand body pressurizeds and can be divided into two stages: the first stage is mainly the change of accumulation mode, bank up the change to rhombus stacked configuration including hole, the filling in cavity and square；Second stage is mainly the deformation of proppant, broken and embedding formation rock.
There is presently no the research being specifically designed in terms of sand body porosity piled up by proppant, be systematic study proppant permeability, flow conductivity and flowback effect aspect mostly.The author thinks, the sand body porosity variation relation with pressure is piled up in research, significant for optimizing the aspects such as the laid mode of proppant, preferred proppant performance parameter, prediction sand packed fracture flow conductivity.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of pressurized of measuring and pile up sand body porosity and the device of grain breakage rate and the method using this device, for optimizing the laid mode of proppant, the offer experiment of preferred proppant fundamental performance parameter is supported, and is provided data supporting for prediction sand packed fracture width, permeability with pressure variation relation.Use this measurement apparatus and method, it is possible to avoid that single or a small amount of proppant deflection is inconspicuous, be difficult to the shortcoming measured, sand body porosity can be piled up with the change of pressure, unit volume sand grains degree of crushing with kinetic measurement simultaneously；Change pressurization matrix into rock panel, the embedding degree of proppant can be measured.This apparatus structure is simple, easy to operate.
The structure mentality of designing of apparatus of the present invention is as follows:
This device mainly utilizes micro-compressibility of law of connected vessels and water to measure the change piling up sand body porosity.Before piling up sand body pressurized, the water in the middle of interior metal mould 6 flushes with the water liquid level in the middle of outer glass measurer 5.During applying pressure by hydraulic means 1, pressure transmission is given pressurization matrix 4 by connecting rod 2, the accumulation sand body that pressurization matrix 4 is pressed down against in metal die 6, after piling up sand body extrusion, water by connection microchannel 8, bottom seepage flow in the middle of outer glass measurer 5, by outer glass measurer 5 dynamic read the water yield number, i.e. pile up sand body porosity change.Wherein, caulking gum matrix 3 plays the effect of sealing, prevents water in extrusion process from oozing out from top；Transparent sight hole mouth 10 for observe and read added sand grains before experiment number and pressurized process in the decline degree at interface on accumulation sand body；If changing pressurization matrix into rock panel, it is possible to observation sand grains embeds the degree of rock.
Outer glass measurer 5 can change, according to piling up how many and porosity the size of sand body, the glass measuring device that supporting volume is different.
The outside installation in connection microchannel 8 soap film flowmeter 11 wherein, close other microchannel, test medium is changed into air (i.e. pile up in sand body and be added without water, again do this experiment), the experimental result obtained can contrast as the experimental result of medium with water, reduces error.
A kind of utilize said apparatus and water to pile up the method for work of sand body porosity and grain breakage rate as follows to measure pressurized as test medium:
(1) it is n by numbers of particles1, apparent volume be V1Proppant particles laid in metal die；
(2) measuring volume with graduated cylinder is V2Water join in accumulation sand body, just flood and pile up the upper along stopping of sand body, record now in graduated cylinder remaining water be V3, in outer glass measurer, the volume of water is V4, then piling up sand body initial porosity is
(3) opening hydraulic means, pressurization matrix the most slowly runs the accumulation sand body in extruding metal die, and being recorded accumulation sand body apparent volume at any time by transparent sight hole mouth is V6, and record the volume V of water in the changing value P of pressure and outer glass measurer7, then the porosity piling up sand body when pressure is P is
(4) pressure release, checking the crushed particles number of accumulation sand body in the middle of metal die is n2, then proppant particles percentage of damage is
(5) measuring the degree of depth of depression on pressurization rock panel matrix is d.
So can obtain the porosity variation relation with pressure, and can be supported agent percentage of damage at various pressures and embedding degree.
This experiment also can change medium into air, installs soap film flowmeter in bottom, and concrete steps are as described in Example 2.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is as follows:
1, dynamic of the present invention measures the change of porosity and the pressure piling up sand body, finds out the turning point of pressure and porosity relation curve；
2, the present invention can be used for analyzing the percentage of damage of proppant and the embedding degree of different rock panel；
3, present configuration is simple, easy to operate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device profile using water as test medium；
Fig. 2 is the device appearance figure using water as test medium and bottom plan view；
Fig. 3 is the device profile using air as test medium；
Fig. 4 is experimental result: piling up the sand body porosity variation relation curve chart with pressure, solid line is actual experimental results, and dotted line is matching tangent line.
In figure, 1-hydraulic means, 2-connecting rod, 3-caulking gum matrix, 4-pressurizes matrix, and 5-outer glass measurer, 6-interior metal mould, 7-determines volume cavity, and 8-connects microchannel, 9-base, 10-transparent sight hole mouth, 11-soap film flowmeter
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment and Figure of description, the present invention is described in detail, but is not limited to this:
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment elaborates by Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.This device mainly utilizes micro-compressibility of law of connected vessels and water to measure the change piling up sand body porosity.Being initially charged the proppant determining volume in metal die 6, number is known；Add water wherein with graduated cylinder again, until upper liquid level just floods proppant；According to law of connected vessels, now outer glass measurer 5 liquid level flushes with the liquid level in the middle of interior metal mould 6, the volume of water in record outer glass measurer 5；Opening hydraulic means 1, pressurization matrix 4 is slowly put in the middle of metal die 6, and is slowly pressurizeed by connecting rod 2, and piling up sand body apparent volume can be read by transparent sight hole mouth 10；Record hydraulic data at any time, pile up the volume of water in sand body apparent volume and outer glass measurer.Caulking gum matrix 3 plays the effect of sealing, is avoided that water oozes out from top.
If using φlRepresent porosity, V6For piling up sand body apparent volume, V under a certain pressure2For the original water yield measured of graduated cylinder, V3For graduated cylinder remains water volume, V7For water volume in outer glass measurer, then pile up sand body porosity when pressure is PWith the changing value of pressure, porosity being drawn as a curve, can obtain a flex point, as shown in Figure 4, flex point leading portion is the porosity change that the change of proppant accumulation mode causes, and flex point back segment is proppant deformation and embeds the porosity change caused.
After experiment pressure release, check the crushed particles number piling up sand body in the middle of metal die 6, and divided by the proppant number taken before experiment, so that it may obtain the proppant particles percentage of damage under a certain pressure；And measure the insert depth of rock panel, so that it may the agent that is supported embeds the embedding degree of the type rock.
Outer glass measurer 5 can change, according to piling up how many and porosity the size of sand body, the glass measuring device that supporting volume is different.
Embodiment 2:
If using air as test medium, the outer glass measurer 5 in the middle of this device is taken away, closed bottom connection microchannel 8, stay one hole install soap film flowmeter 11, device other part retain constant；But practical operation should increase encapsulant, because air is more easy to extravasation.Using air as the device concrete structure of test medium as shown in Figure 3.
As follows as the method for work of the device of test medium using air:
(1) sealed bottom connection microchannel 8, stays a hole to install soap film flowmeter 11；If worry sealing effectiveness, can design two covering devices, one is applicable to water, does not stay the hole installing soap film flowmeter；One is applicable to air, does not set connection microchannel, bottom, only sets a hole and install soap film flowmeter；
(2) it is first n with the measurement device numbers of particles being applicable to water1Accumulation sand body initial porosity be V4It is the water volume in the outer glass measurer 5 when 0 for pressure；So initial pore volume is V2-V3-V4；
(3) proppant these got wet is dried, it is poured in the middle of interior metal mould, interface on sand body is piled up in artificial leveling, and opens hydraulic means and fall pressurization matrix and add a little pressure, is read by transparent sight hole mouth that to pile up sand body initial appearance volume be Vgo, Vgo=V1；
(4) increasing hydraulic pressure, pressurization matrix the most slowly runs the accumulation sand body in extruding metal die, is recorded accumulation sand body apparent volume V at any time by transparent sight hole mouthg, and record the changing value P of pressure, soap film flowmeter flow v and time t.So pore volume decrement is Δ Vg=vt.So pressure is that porosity during P is
(5) pressure release, checking the crushed particles number of accumulation sand body in the middle of metal die is n2, then proppant particles percentage of damage is
(6) measuring the degree of depth of depression on pressurization rock panel matrix is d.
So just can obtain the porosity variation relation with pressure, and can be supported agent percentage of damage at various pressures and embedding degree.But pile up sand body porosity and grain breakage rate with air as Medium Measurement pressurized and be used only to contrast water to proppant percentage of damage and the impact of the degree of embedding, optimize the porosity variation relation with pressure the most further.
Claims (7)
1. measure pressurized accumulation sand body porosity and the device of grain breakage rate for one kind, it is characterised in that it is mainly by pressurization part, survey
Amount part composition；Hydraulic means 1 pressurizes to the accumulation sand body in interior metal mould 6 by connecting rod 2, pressurization matrix 4, close
It is peripheral that envelope rubber matrix 3 is wrapped in connecting rod 2, has three layers of spherical prominent effect that can play sealing up and down；Interior metal mould 6
Having transparent sight hole mouth 10, determining between two-layer connection microchannel 8 and interior metal mould 6, outer glass measurer 5 is arranged at bottom
Volume cavity 7 communicates, and transparent sight hole mouth 10 and outer glass measurer 5 are labeled with scale；
This bottom of device has a connection microchannel can install soap film flowmeter 11, and the porosity piling up sand body as Medium Measurement with air becomes
During change, close other connection microchannel；When using water as the porosity change that Medium Measurement piles up sand body, close dress soap-film stream
This passage unique of gauge 11, other connection microchannel 8 is opened and loads onto sand control screens.
A kind of pressurized of measuring piles up sand body porosity and the device of grain breakage rate, it is characterised in that institute
The prominent spherically shape of three layers on rubber matrix stated, three layers prominent between part with pressurization matrix on a vertical, tightly
Closely connected alloy belongs to dies cavity wall, i.e. three layers prominent between section diameter equal in magnitude with interior metal mould diameter.
A kind of pressurized of measuring piles up sand body porosity and the device of grain breakage rate, it is characterised in that institute
The pressurization matrix stated, interior metal mould, outer glass measurer are cylinder, and pressurization matrix is big with interior metal mold radius
Little equal；Outer glass measurer can change the measurer that radius is different, supporting as required.
A kind of pressurized of measuring piles up sand body porosity and the device of grain breakage rate, it is characterised in that institute
The aperture, connection microchannel, bottom stated is sufficiently small, can load onto sealing net in inside as required, prevents broken fine particle by squeezing
Baric flow enters in outer glass measurer.
A kind of pressurized of measuring piles up sand body porosity and the device of grain breakage rate, it is characterised in that institute
State determine volume cavity volume it is known that and according to cavity bottom area, be marked with continuous scale at outside glass surface；Interior metal
Mould is marked with continuous scale also according to bottom area at transparent sight hole mouth.
A kind of pressurized of measuring piles up sand body porosity and the device of grain breakage rate, it is characterised in that institute
The measurement part stated is according to law of connected vessels, is presented on piling up the change of water volume in sand body in outside graduated cylinder, with visualization
Mode measure pressurized pile up sand body porosity change；Or directly directly measure pore-body between pressurized sand grains with soap film flowmeter
Long-pending change.
A kind of pressurized of measuring piles up sand body porosity and the device of grain breakage rate, it is characterised in that institute
The pressurization matrix stated is changed to the rock panel that radius is identical, surface cutting is smooth, measures the embedding degree of sand body, also can survey simultaneously
The degree of crushing of amount unit volume sand grains.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610238161.3A CN105891087B (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2016-04-15 | A kind of device and method for measuring be pressurized accumulation sand body porosity and Particle Breakage rate |
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| CN201610238161.3A CN105891087B (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2016-04-15 | A kind of device and method for measuring be pressurized accumulation sand body porosity and Particle Breakage rate |
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| CN105891087B CN105891087B (en) | 2018-06-22 |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109523007A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Process method for reconstructing based on spherical particles accumulation |
| CN110243681A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-17 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of Coarse Aggregate original position load test determines the method and application of Particle Breakage rate |
| CN111122417A (en) * | 2020-02-22 | 2020-05-08 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for measuring total volume expansion rate of open-close hole of coal containing gas |
| CN111505204A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Determination method for anti-crushing capacity of proppant, proppant crushing device and system |
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| CN111505204A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Determination method for anti-crushing capacity of proppant, proppant crushing device and system |
| CN110243681A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-09-17 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of Coarse Aggregate original position load test determines the method and application of Particle Breakage rate |
| CN110243681B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2021-09-17 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method for determining particle breakage rate through coarse particle material in-situ load test and application |
| CN111122417A (en) * | 2020-02-22 | 2020-05-08 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for measuring total volume expansion rate of open-close hole of coal containing gas |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105891087B (en) | 2018-06-22 |
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