CN105871198A - 一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源 - Google Patents

一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源 Download PDF

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CN105871198A
CN105871198A CN201610163003.6A CN201610163003A CN105871198A CN 105871198 A CN105871198 A CN 105871198A CN 201610163003 A CN201610163003 A CN 201610163003A CN 105871198 A CN105871198 A CN 105871198A
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voltage
circuit
power supply
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resistance
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徐立鑫
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Shandong Chaoyue Numerical Control Electronics Co Ltd
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Shandong Chaoyue Numerical Control Electronics Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电源电路,特别涉及一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源。本发明设计防雷击浪涌部分,可以根据实际情况设置浪涌电压输入最大值,后级的宽压输入电路部分,可以实现宽压输入、稳压输出功能,及输出电压稳定在设定电压值上,不会随着外部电压的波动而波动。一块电路板实现多种功能,体积小、成本低、使用场合广泛,可以在五种常用电压间切换调节。

Description

一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电源电路,特别涉及一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源。
背景技术
目前,随着电子技术的迅速发展,各种各样的电子设备在各行各业都起着非常关键的作用。其中很多电子设备的使用场合环境恶劣,有的在户外,有的在车上,部分设备在雷雨天气下也需要保证正常工作。这就对设备的电源适应性提出了很高的挑战,很多设备本身可能无法适用雷电的高压冲击和不稳定电源。
LT4356是一款防雷击浪涌电流的电路保护芯片,该芯片具有高可用性系统的过流保护和浪涌电流限制,在故障情况下提供锁断工作,当电压高于设定值(设定值范围4~80V,反向保护到-60V)时,能够断开后级电路,使后级电路免受高电压/电流造成损坏。同时还可处理100V和更高的瞬态电压,常用于工业、航空电子等领域。LTC3780是一款高性能降压-升压型开关稳压控制器,可在输入电压高于、低于或等于输出电压的条件下运作。恒定频率电流模式架构提供了一个高大400KHz的可锁相频率。支持4V~36V的宽压输入和输出以及不同操作模式间的无缝切换,LTC3780成为汽车、电信和电池供电型系统的理想选择。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的问题,本发明提供了一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源,其将防雷击浪涌和宽压输入结合在一起,同时输出电压可调,一块电路板实现多种功能,体积小、成本低、使用场合广泛,可以在五种常用电压间切换调节。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源,包括保护电路,钳位电压电路和稳压电路,宽压电压依次经过所述的保护电路,钳位电压电路和稳压电路,输出稳定的电压,所述的保护电路包括压敏电阻和抑制齐纳二极管,所述的稳压电路使用芯片LTC3780及外围电路实现。
所述的钳位电压电路包括芯片U1,所述芯片U1的1脚并接有电阻R4和R6,通过设置R4、R6这两个电阻的阻值,可以将输出到下级电路中的电压钳位在某一数值上,钳位电压可以通过公式计算得出,电压高于钳位电压时,输入会自动截止。
U1为凌力尔特半导体公司生产的浪涌保护芯片LT4356,该芯片总共10个引脚,主要功能如下: “OUT”为芯片电压检测端,对芯片输出电压的进行检测并反馈给芯片内部;“GATE”为外部N沟道MOS管的门控制端,控制着MOS管的开通或关断;“SNS”为电流检测端,检测输出的电流大小;“VCC”为电压源的输入;“SHDN”为关闭芯片功能的控制管脚,低电平有效,在此专利设计中,该功能未使用,可以悬空;“TMR”通过电容接地,电容的容值决定着浪涌保护时间,通过公式C=(T*5uA)/100mV可以根据时间情况选用合适容值的电容。
所述的稳压电路包括芯片U2,所述芯片U2的6脚并联有电阻R10和R11,输出电压可以通过公式 计算得出,所述稳压电路中有4个MOS管,当输入电压高于设定的输出电压时,MOS1时钟处于打开状态,MOS2时钟处于关断状态,在每个周期的起点MOS3首先接通,对电感电流进行检测,在检测到电感电流降至基准电压以下时,在该周期的剩余时间里MOS3关断,同时MOS4打开,电压的切换选择通过拨码开关选择,每次选择将其中一位开关打到“ON”位置,其他开关打到“OFF”位置,电阻R11的不同值,对应不同的电阻值,将决定输出不同的电压等级。
U2为LTC3780,也是凌力尔特半导体公司生产电源芯片,该芯片总共24pin,主要功能介绍如下:“SENSE+”和“SENSE-”为电流和反向电流检测引脚;“Ith”为电流控制门限和误差放大补偿点,电流比较门限随控制电压的上升而上升;“Vosense”为误差放大器反馈输入,该引脚将误差放大器输入连接至一个从Vout引出的外部电阻分压器;“SGND”信号地,所有小信号元件和补偿元件均应连接至该地,这个地在一点上连接至PGND;“PGND”为电源地;“FCB”强制连续控制输入,施加在该引脚上的电压用于设置控制器的工作模式,当电压低于0.8V时,强制连续控制模式处于运行状态,此引脚悬空状态时,强制连续控制模式不会处于运行状态;“TG1”、“TG2”、“BG1”和“BG2”控制4个外部MOS按照规律进行开通和关断,其工作的基本原理就是PWM方式调解输出电压;“Vin”为主电源输入;“BOOST1”和“BOOST2”为升压浮动驱动电源。
本发明提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是:
本发明的一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源,可以根据实际情况设置浪涌电压输入最大值,后级的宽压输入电路部分,可以实现宽压输入、稳压输出功能,及输出电压稳定在设定电压值上,不会随着外部电压的波动而波动。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源的原理框图;
图2本发明的一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源的保护电路的电路原理图;
图3本发明的一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源的钳位电压电路的电路原理图;
图4为本发明的一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源的稳压电路的输出电压切换部分原理图;
图5为本发明的一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源的稳压电路的电路原理图;
图6为本发明的一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源的稳压电路的等效电路图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
实施例一
本实施例的一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源的原理框图如附图1
电压的输入首先经过压敏电阻和抑制齐纳二极管,电路原理图见图2。当电压过高时压敏电阻阻值会变得很小,电流不会进入后级电路部分,起保护作用。抑制齐纳二极管起稳压作用,工作峰值反向电压时36V,即当电压高于36V时,二极管可以将电压稳定在36V上。
之后是钳位电压电路部分,在附图3中,通过设置R4、R6这两个电阻的阻值,可以将输出到下级电路中的电压钳位在某一数值上。钳位电压可以通过公式计算得出,下面原理图中的电路设计,经计算,电压将钳位在36V,电压高于36V时,输入会自动截止。
如附图5所示,稳压部分使用芯片LTC3780及外围电路来实现,部分原理图见图4。输出电压可以通过公式计算得出。电路图中有4个MOS管,它们等效的电路如图6所示。当输入电压高于设定的输出电压时,MOS1时钟处于打开状态,MOS2时钟处于关断状态,在每个周期的起点MOS3首先接通,对电感电流进行检测。在检测到电感电流降至基准电压一下时,在该周期的剩余时间里MOS3关断,同时MOS4打开。MOS3和MOS4就像一个典型的同步降压型那样交替工作。电压的切换选择通过拨码开关选择,每次选择将其中一位开关打“ON”位置,其他开关打到“OFF”位置,电阻R11的不同值,对应不同的电阻值,将决定输出不同的电压等级(分别对应12V、18V、19V、24V、32V)。
当输入电压低于设定的输出电压时,MOS4一直开通而MOS3始终关断,在每个周期中MOS2首先接通,当MOS2接通时,对电感电流进行检测。在检测到电感器电流升至基准电压以上之后,在该周期的剩余时间里MOS2关闭,同时MOS1打开接通,二者是一个典型的同步升压型稳压器。
本实施例可应用于多款加固平板式和手持式计算机当中,应用于车载、舰载、办公室、哨所等多个场合,经过验证,此电路板设计成功,应用稳定。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源,包括保护电路,钳位电压电路和稳压电路,其特征在于,宽压电压依次经过所述的保护电路,钳位电压电路和稳压电路,输出稳定的电压,所述的保护电路包括压敏电阻和抑制齐纳二极管,所述的稳压电路使用芯片LTC3780及外围电路实现。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源,其特征在于,所述的钳位电压电路包括芯片U1,所述芯片U1的1脚并接有电阻R4和R6,通过设置R4、R6这两个电阻的阻值,可以将输出到下级电路中的电压钳位在某一数值上,钳位电压可以通过公式 计算得出,电压高于钳位电压时,输入会自动截止。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防雷击浪涌宽压输入可调多电压输出的电源,其特征在于,所述的稳压电路包括芯片U2,所述芯片U2的6脚并联有电阻R10和R11,输出电压可以通过公式 计算得出,所述稳压电路中有4个MOS管,当输入电压高于设定的输出电压时,MOS1时钟处于打开状态,MOS2时钟处于关断状态,在每个周期的起点MOS3首先接通,对电感电流进行检测,在检测到电感电流降至基准电压以下时,在该周期的剩余时间里MOS3关断,同时MOS4打开,电压的切换选择通过拨码开关选择,每次选择将其中一位开关打到“ON”位置,其他开关打到“OFF”位置,电阻R11的不同值,对应不同的电阻值,将决定输出不同的电压等级。
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凌力尔特公司: "LTC3780高效、同步、四开关降压-升压型控制器", 《HTTPS://WENKU.BAIDU.COM/VIEW/1CA763FCFAB069DC502201CA.HTML》 *
凌力尔特公司: "凌力尔特公司", 《世界电子元器件》 *

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