CN105869716A - 一种铜包铝复合扁微丝及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种铜包铝复合扁微丝及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105869716A
CN105869716A CN201610199376.9A CN201610199376A CN105869716A CN 105869716 A CN105869716 A CN 105869716A CN 201610199376 A CN201610199376 A CN 201610199376A CN 105869716 A CN105869716 A CN 105869716A
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罗奕兵
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    • H01B5/00—Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by their form
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    • B21C37/045—Manufacture of wire or bars with particular section or properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
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Abstract

一种铜包铝复合扁微丝，其横断面为扁平形，由铝或铝合金芯层及包覆铜层组成，铜包覆层面积比为10‑40%，铜层包覆均匀，复合扁微丝的横截面宽度≤1mm，厚度≤0.5 mm，宽/厚比≤6；其制备方法为：1）选择铝芯和与铝芯外径过渡配合的铜管，经去油和氧化膜，在真空操作箱里干燥和装配，装配后对两端铝芯采用压缩变形以密封铜管与铝芯的间隙；2）装配好的复合棒经感应加热后，经孔型轧制或拉伸或挤压制备φ1‑3 mm铜包复合铝丝材；3）铜包铝丝材经单模或多模水箱拉伸至φ0.05‑1 mm微丝；4）铜包铝微丝经带前张力的平辊轧制成扁微丝，前张力大小设定为微丝抗拉强度的8‑30%；5）当冷变形的断面收缩率为90‑99%，复合丝材进行退火处理，退火温度为200‑400℃，退火时间0.1‑0.5h。

Description

一种铜包铝复合扁微丝及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种双金属复合微丝的制备方法，尤其涉及一种铜包铝复合扁微丝及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着电子信息技术的飞速发展，电子精密仪器和传感器越来越朝小型化、高精度方向发展，对信号传输所用导线提出了更高的要求。铜包铝复合扁微丝由于充分发挥了铜优异导电特性和铝的低密度的优势，并可以提高线圈槽满率，从而显著降低线圈的重量和体积，满足微型电机和传感器中线圈导线的使用要求，可在微型电子、半导体器件等方面具有广阔的应用前景。
目前，已有的铜包铝复合扁丝的制备主要方法有，1）静液挤压+退火+多到次拉拔+平棍轧制法[刘新华，等，铜包铝复合细扁线及其制备方法[P]，中国发明专利，专利号：CN200710178703.3, 2007-12-04]，该方法具有设备投资大，工艺流程长，生产效率不高；而且由于铜/铝的屈服强度比值较大，致使在静液挤压时铜包覆层金属变形相对困难，铜层金属流动较慢，从而包覆铜层受拉应力容易出现竹节状断裂缺陷；2）包覆焊接法或轧制压接+拉拔或轧制法，此类方法，由于铜包覆层为铜带焊接或压接形成，致使铜层性能不佳，且单道次变形较小，界面结合强度低，难以生产小截面的高性能复合扁微丝。
发明内容
本发明提供一种铜包铝复合扁微丝及其制备方法。
本发明的内容之一在于提出一种铜包铝复合扁微丝，其横断面为扁平形，由铝或铝合金芯层及包覆铜层组成，铜包覆层面积比为10-40%，铜层包覆均匀，复合扁微丝的横截面宽度≤1mm，厚度≤0.5 mm，宽/厚比≤6。
本发明内容之二在于提供一种铜包铝复合扁微丝的制备方法，制备方法如下：
1）选择铝芯和与铝芯外径过渡配合的铜管，金属表面经去油和氧化膜，在真空操作箱里干燥和装配，装配后对两端铝芯采用压缩变形以密封铜管与铝芯之间的间隙；
2）装配好的复合棒经感应加热后，经孔型轧制或拉伸或挤压制备φ1-3 mm铜包铝复合丝材；
3）铜包铝丝材经单模或多模水箱拉伸至φ0.05-1 mm微丝；
4）铜包铝微丝经带前张力的平辊轧制成扁微丝，前张力大小设定为微丝抗拉强度的8-30%；
5）当冷变形的断面收缩率为90-99%，复合丝材进行退火处理，退火温度为200-400℃，退火时间0.1-0.5h。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下技术优点：
1）铜管、铝芯经去油、氧化膜处理后，在真空操作箱里装配，免除了氧化，同时通过铝芯的塑性变形，封闭了铜管与铝芯之间的间隙，使复合界面维持高洁净和无氧化，提高界面结合强度。
2）与静液挤压法相比，该方法生产成本较低；静液挤压时，铜管和铝棒头部须加工成锥形的工序，操作较为复杂；静液挤压虽变形量较大，但为常温挤压，使铜、铝原子较难扩散而形成真正冶金结合，还需后续退火配合处理以提高结合强度，而本发明采用感应加热，根据坯料大小和包覆层厚度，调整感应电流频率和加热时间，使铜包覆层与铝芯层之间产生较大的温度差，降低铜/铝的屈服强度之比，从而在塑性加工制备复合线坯时，使包覆层和芯层金属变形趋于一致，提升单道次的变形量，且避免铜层竹节状裂纹的出现；同时，棒坯在感应加热和变形温升效应的双重作用下，使铜/铝复合界面能较长时间维持在一定温度，促进了铜、铝原子之间的扩散，以形成真正冶金结合，提高过渡层的结合强度，有利于获得高性能铜包铝复合扁微丝。
3）与包覆焊接法、轧制压接法相比，由于此类方法的铜包覆层为铜带焊接或压接成包覆层，局部容易发生铜层剥离或脱落；同时本发明采用感应加热能实现更大的道次变形量，以提升复合界面强度和免除铜层剥离等缺陷，可有效降低复合微丝生产时的断丝率。
4）可通过调整平辊轧制前的丝材大小、压下量和轧制张力，可获得不同宽/厚比的复合扁微丝，生产适用性强，与拉拔法制备复合扁丝相比，节省了大量的模具费用。
具体实施方式：
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例1：断面尺寸为0.55mm×0.2 mm铜包铝复合扁微丝成形工艺
1）选择φ25 mm铝芯和与铝芯外径过渡配合的铜管，铜管外径为φ30 mm，铜管长度为200 mm，铝芯长度为202 mm；经去油和氧化膜后，在真空操作箱里干燥和装配，装配后对外延的铝芯给予一定的压缩变形，以密封铜管与铝棒之间的间隙，避免复合界面的氧化；
2）装配好的复合棒经中频感应加热后，立即进入多道次的椭圆-圆孔型系统轧制成φ3 mm铜包铝复合线坯，每道次的断面收缩率为10~30%,，变形量分配符合逐渐减小的原则；
3）φ3 mm铜包铝复合线坯，采用多道次单模拉伸成φ1.0 mm，润滑剂为植物油，每道次的断面收缩率为15~25%，变形量分配符合逐渐减小的原则；
4）φ1.0 mm铜包铝复合丝材在氩气保护下进行退火处理，退火温度为300℃，退火时间为0.3h；
5）采用水箱多模拉伸至φ0.4 mm微丝，润滑剂为航空煤油，铜包铝复合丝材每道次的变形率控制为断面收缩率为8~15%；
6）铜包铝微丝经带前张力的平辊轧制成0.55mm×0.2 mm扁微丝，前张力设定为平辊轧制前微丝抗拉强度的15%。
实施例2：断面尺寸为0.085mm×0.04 mm铜包铝复合扁微丝成形工艺
1）选择φ25 mm铝芯和与铝芯外径过渡配合的铜管，铜管外径为φ30 mm，铜管长度为200 mm，铝芯长度为202 mm；经去油和氧化膜后，在真空操作箱里干燥和装配，装配后对外延的铝芯给予一定的压缩变形，以密封铜管与铝棒之间的间隙，避免复合界面的氧化；
2）装配好的复合棒经中频感应加热后，立即进行多道次的拉伸制成φ3 mm铜包铝复合线坯，润滑剂为植物油，每道次的断面收缩率为12~30%,变形量分配符合逐渐减小的原则；
3）采用多道次单模拉伸至φ1 mm，润滑剂为航空煤油，铜包铝复合丝材每道次的变形率控制为断面收缩率为8~20%；
4）φ1.0 mm铜包铝复合丝材在氩气保护下进行退火处理，退火温度为300℃，退火时间为0.5h；
5）采用水箱多模拉伸至φ0.07 mm微丝，润滑剂为航空煤油，铜包铝复合丝材每道次的变形率控制为断面收缩率为8~15%；
6）铜包铝微丝经带前张力的平辊轧制成0.085mm×0.04 mm扁微丝，前张力设定为平辊轧制前微丝抗拉强度的10%。

Claims (1)

1.一种铜包铝复合扁微丝，其特征在于，复合微丝的横断面为扁平形，由铝或铝合金芯层及包覆铜层组成，铜包覆层面积比为10-40%，铜层包覆均匀，复合扁微丝的横截面宽度≤1mm，厚度≤0.5 mm，宽/厚比≤6；复合微丝的制备方法为：
1）选择铝芯和与铝芯外径过渡配合的铜管，经去油和氧化膜，在真空操作箱里干燥和装配，装配后对两端铝芯采用压缩变形以密封铜管与铝芯的间隙；2）装配好的复合棒经感应加热后，经孔型轧制或拉伸或挤压制备φ1-3 mm铜包复合铝丝材；3）铜包铝丝材经单模或多模水箱拉伸至φ0.05-1 mm微丝；4）铜包铝微丝经带前张力的平辊轧制成扁微丝，前张力大小设定为微丝抗拉强度的8-30%；5）当冷变形的断面收缩率为90-99%，复合丝材进行退火处理，退火温度为200-400℃，退火时间0.1-0.5h。
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CN113523643A (zh) * 2021-09-17 2021-10-22 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 增材制造TiAl合金用Ti/Al复合丝及其制备方法

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CN108878057A (zh) * 2018-06-12 2018-11-23 辽宁工业大学 含锌高韧性复合层铜包铝复合材料的制备方法
CN108878057B (zh) * 2018-06-12 2019-11-26 辽宁工业大学 含锌高韧性复合层铜包铝复合材料的制备方法
CN113523643A (zh) * 2021-09-17 2021-10-22 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 增材制造TiAl合金用Ti/Al复合丝及其制备方法
CN113523643B (zh) * 2021-09-17 2022-01-28 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司 增材制造TiAl合金用Ti/Al复合丝及其制备方法

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Application publication date: 20160817