CN105869202B - The digital terrain model data creation method and device of electronic map - Google Patents
The digital terrain model data creation method and device of electronic map Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The digital terrain model data creation method and device of a kind of electronic map disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention, DTM raster datas are turned to be divided into multiple tile DTM raster datas, the tile DTM raster datas are converted into regular triangulation DTM vector datas, and the regular triangulation DTM vector datas are vacuated using evacuating algorithm, triangle irregular network DTM vector datas are generated, using the triangle irregular network DTM vector datas as the corresponding DTM data of large scale electronic map；For each tile DTM raster datas, 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with tile DTM raster datas are generated, DTM images are tieed up as the corresponding DTM data of small scale electronic map using described 2.5.By the above-mentioned means, disclosure satisfy that the application demand that large scale electronic map is clearly shown, and meet the application demand of small scale electronic map Fast rendering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic chart fields, and more specifically, it relates to a kind of digital terrain models of electronic map
(DTM) data creation method and device.
Background technology
As airmanship develops, digital terrain model (hereinafter referred to as DTM) occupies more in map of navigation electronic field
Come more important position, at present in the industry on map of navigation electronic industrialization product during generating DTM data, DTM numbers
According to mainly including three kinds of classifications：The first is regular triangulation DTM vector datas, is by equal-sized triangle sets
At being usually used in the surface modeling of irregularly shaped object；Second is triangle irregular network DTM vector datas (TIN), is typically
By a series of triangle sets to differ in size at being also commonly used for the surface modeling of irregularly shaped object；The third is 2.5 dimension DTM figures
Picture refers to the pseudo- 3-D effect of DTM under particular light orientation.
Currently, for each engineer's scale of electronic map, it is stored with same type of DTM numbers corresponding with engineer's scale
According to.
For regular triangulation DTM vector datas and triangle irregular network DTM vector datas, due to comprising triangle
Figurate number amount is excessive, therefore data volume is very big, e.g., the DTM about 10G of the 90m*90m resolution ratio of the whole of China, huge memory capacity
It is a big burden of embedded navigation equipment, very big problem is caused to data storage, even if after compression stores, data capacity
It will not significantly reduce, therefore when drawing small scale electronic map, due to the geographic area of small scale electronic map displaying
Range is wider, needs the DTM data loaded more, that is, needs the regular triangulation DTM vector datas loaded or irregular three
The triangle that angle grid DTM vector datas include is more, and rendering efficiency is relatively low, cannot be satisfied the application of Fast rendering electronic map
Demand.
For 2.5 dimension DTM images, since 2.5 dimension DTM images are grating image, when drawing large scale electronic map,
What 2.5 dimension DTM images were shown more obscures, therefore clarity is inadequate when displaying large scale electronic map, cannot be satisfied big ratio
The displaying requirement of example ruler electronic map.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention provides the DTM data creation methods and device of a kind of electronic map, to overcome existing skill
The DTM data generated in art cannot be satisfied electronic map and can clearly show but also the application demand of Fast rendering electronic map
Technical problem.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of digital terrain model DTM data creation methods of electronic map, including：
DTM raster datas are obtained, and tile cutting is carried out to the DTM raster datas according to preset tile standard, are obtained
To multiple tile DTM raster datas；
For each tile DTM raster datas, the tile DTM raster datas are converted into regular triangulation DTM arrows
Data are measured, and the regular triangulation DTM vector datas are vacuated using evacuating algorithm, generate triangle irregular network
DTM vector datas；
Determine the vertex latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network relative in tile where the triangle irregular network
The relative coordinate of heart point latitude and longitude coordinates, stores the relative coordinate on the vertex of triangle irregular network, and by described irregular three
Angle grid DTM vector datas are stored as the corresponding DTM data of large scale electronic map, wherein the large scale is
Refer to the engineer's scale more than preset proportion ruler threshold value；
For each tile DTM raster datas, 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with tile DTM raster datas are generated, by institute
2.5 dimension DTM images are stated as the corresponding DTM data of small scale electronic map, and are stored, wherein the small scale refers to small
In the engineer's scale equal to the preset proportion ruler threshold value.
A kind of digital terrain model DTM data generating devices of electronic map, including：
First processing units, for obtaining DTM raster datas, and according to preset tile standard to the DTM grids number
According to tile cutting is carried out, multiple tile DTM raster datas are obtained；
The tile DTM raster datas are converted to rule by converting unit for being directed to each tile DTM raster datas
Triangle gridding DTM vector datas, and the regular triangulation DTM vector datas are vacuated using evacuating algorithm, it generates
Triangle irregular network DTM vector datas；
Second processing unit, for determining the vertex latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network relative to described irregular three
The relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of tile where the grid of angle stores the opposite seat on the vertex of triangle irregular network
Mark, and using the triangle irregular network DTM vector datas as the corresponding DTM data of large scale electronic map, and store,
The wherein described large scale refers to the engineer's scale more than preset proportion ruler threshold value；
Third processing unit, for for each tile DTM raster datas, generating and tile DTM raster datas pair
The 2.5 dimension DTM images answered, tie up DTM images as the corresponding DTM data of small scale electronic map, and store using described 2.5,
The wherein described small scale refers to the engineer's scale less than or equal to the preset proportion ruler threshold value.
Technical solution of the present invention, on the one hand, determine that the vertex latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network are not advised relative to this
The then relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of tile where triangle gridding, stores the opposite of the vertex of triangle irregular network
Coordinate, and using the triangle irregular network DTM vector datas as the corresponding DTM data of large scale electronic map, therefore
The data volume of triangle irregular network DTM vector datas can be largely reduced, therefore electric when drawing large scale
When sub- map, rendered according to triangle irregular network DTM vector datas, can not only obtain more clearly electronically
Scheme and can ensure that DTM featuress of terrain are undistorted, and reduces the number of the corresponding DTM vector datas of large scale electronic map
According to amount, to accelerate to render the efficiency and speed of large scale electronic map.On the other hand, small scale electronic map is deposited
The DTM data of storage are 2.5 dimension DTM images, and since 2.5 dimension DTM images are grid map, data volume is smaller, therefore, when the small ratio of drafting
When example ruler electronic map, even if small scale electronic map displaying geographical coverage area is wider, carried out using 2.5 dimension DTM images
Rendering also can quickly load 2.5 dimension DTM images, meet the needs of quickly display electronic map, and 2.5 dimension DTM images is clear
It is clear to spend the demand that disclosure satisfy that small scale electronic map.In conclusion using technical solution of the present invention, either large scale
Electronic map or small scale electronic map can quickly be drawn out clearly using DTM data corresponding with engineer's scale
Electronic map.
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of digital terrain model data creation method flow of electronic map disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention one
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the digital terrain model data generation side based on a kind of electronic map disclosed in Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention two
Method flow chart；
Fig. 3 is the digital terrain model data generation side based on a kind of electronic map disclosed in Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention two
Method flow chart；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that DTM pixels disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention are converted to triangle irregular network；
Fig. 5 is the digital terrain model data generation side based on a kind of electronic map disclosed in Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention two
Method flow chart；
Fig. 6 is that a kind of structure of the digital terrain model data generating device of electronic map disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention is shown
It is intended to.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
By background technology it is found that the DTM data based on three types in the prior art, in the process for generating electronic map
In, the Fast rendering of small scale electronic map can not be met simultaneously and application that large scale electronic map is clearly shown
Demand.Therefore, an embodiment of the present invention provides the DTM data creation methods and device of a kind of electronic map, above-mentioned existing to overcome
There are the DTM data generated in technology that can not optimize the problem of meeting the practical application request for generating electronic map, especially by
Following embodiment illustrates.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, being a kind of flow of the DTM data creation methods for electronic map that the embodiment of the present invention one provides
Figure, mainly includes the following steps that：
Step S101 obtains DTM raster datas, and according to preset tile standard to DTM raster datas progress watt
Piece is cut, and obtains multiple tile DTM raster datas；
Step S101 is executed, tile cutting is carried out to the DTM raster datas of acquisition according to preset tile standard, and will cut
The multiple tile DTM raster datas obtained after cutting are stored in preset DTM tables.
Wherein, preset tile standard may include the size of tile, format etc..Tile refers to electronic map map according to one
Fixed size and format is cut into the square grid picture of several row and columns, after slice by level of zoom or engineer's scale
Square grid picture, there are one unique id for each tile, which can be a positive integer.DTM tables are as follows：
The correspondence between tile DTM raster datas and tile id in DTM tables after record cutting；
The tile DTM raster datas are converted to regular triangular by step S102 for each tile DTM raster datas
Grid DTM vector datas, and regular triangulation DTM vector datas are vacuated using evacuating algorithm, it generates irregular
Triangle gridding DTM vector datas；
In step s 102, the regular triangulation DTM vector datas got are vacuated using evacuating algorithm, is made
Regular triangulation DTM vector datas are converted to triangle irregular network DTM vector datas.By by regular triangulation DTM
Vector data is converted to triangle irregular network DTM vector datas, it is possible to reduce the quantity of triangle gridding reduces amount of storage.
Step S103 determines the vertex latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network relative to where the triangle irregular network
The relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of tile stores the relative coordinate on the vertex of triangle irregular network, and will be described
Triangle irregular network DTM vector datas are stored as the corresponding DTM data of large scale electronic map；
In step s 103, it is based on positioning method in tile and determines irregular three for each triangle irregular network
The vertex latitude and longitude coordinates of angle grid relative to tile where the triangle irregular network central point latitude and longitude coordinates it is opposite
Coordinate stores the relative coordinate on the vertex of each triangle irregular network.And with this by triangle irregular network DTM vector numbers
According to as the corresponding DTM data storage of large scale electronic map.Wherein, the large scale refers to being more than preset proportion ruler threshold
The engineer's scale of value (engineer's scale threshold value value can be 11 grades).
Specifically, the relative coordinate on the vertex of each triangle irregular network is：The latitude and longitude coordinates on the vertex itself with
The difference of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of place tile.
It, can be in no loss of significance by executing the DTM vector datas under step S103 acquisition large scale electronic maps
Under the premise of, improve the efficiency of the rendering display under large scale.Under normal circumstances, the large scale refers to 11 grades or more
Electronic map engineer's scale.But the present invention for it is large-scale restriction do not make considered critical, can according to concrete condition into
Row adjustment.
Step S104 generates 2.5 dimension DTM corresponding with tile DTM raster datas for each tile DTM raster datas
Image is tieed up DTM images as the corresponding DTM data of small scale electronic map using described 2.5, and is stored, wherein the small ratio
Example ruler refers to the engineer's scale less than or equal to the preset proportion ruler threshold value.
In step S104, ties up DTM images using described 2.5 and carried out as the corresponding DTM data of small scale electronic map
Storage, can meet the demand that quickly shows of the electronic map under small scale.Wherein, the finger of the small scale be less than etc.
In the engineer's scale of 11 grades of electronic map, likewise, the present invention is not limited to that the range of small scale, it can be according to tool
Body situation is adjusted.
Technical solution of the present invention, on the one hand, determine that the vertex latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network are not advised relative to this
The then relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of tile where triangle gridding, stores the opposite of the vertex of triangle irregular network
Coordinate, and using the triangle irregular network DTM vector datas as the corresponding DTM data of large scale electronic map, therefore
The data volume of triangle irregular network DTM vector datas can be largely reduced, therefore electric when drawing large scale
When sub- map, rendered according to triangle irregular network DTM vector datas, can not only obtain more clearly electronically
Scheme and can ensure that DTM featuress of terrain are undistorted, and reduces the number of the corresponding DTM vector datas of large scale electronic map
According to amount, to accelerate to render the efficiency and speed of large scale electronic map.On the other hand, small scale electronic map is deposited
The DTM data of storage are 2.5 dimension DTM images, and since 2.5 dimension DTM images are grid map, data volume is smaller, therefore, when the small ratio of drafting
When example ruler electronic map, even if small scale electronic map displaying geographical coverage area is wider, carried out using 2.5 dimension DTM images
Rendering also can quickly load 2.5 dimension DTM images, meet the needs of quickly display electronic map, and 2.5 dimension DTM images is clear
It is clear to spend the demand that disclosure satisfy that small scale electronic map.In conclusion using technical solution of the present invention, either large scale
Electronic map or small scale electronic map can quickly be drawn out clearly using DTM data corresponding with engineer's scale
Electronic map.
Embodiment two
Based on a kind of DTM data creation methods of electronic map disclosed in embodiment one, step S101 shown in Fig. 1,
DTM raster datas are obtained, and the DTM raster datas are cut according to tile standard, obtain tile DTM raster datas,
As shown in Fig. 2, mainly including the following steps that：
Step S201 obtains DTM raster datas；
Step S202 carries out tile cutting to the DTM raster datas according to preset tile standard, obtains multiple tiles
DTM raster datas；
Each tile DTM raster datas are stored with DTM tableau formats, are stored in the DTM tables by step S203
There is the correspondence between tile DTM raster datas and tile id.
Based on a kind of generation method of electronic map DTM data disclosed in embodiment one, step S102 shown in Fig. 1,
For each tile DTM raster datas, the tile DTM raster datas are converted into regular triangulation DTM vector datas, and
The regular triangulation DTM vector datas are vacuated using evacuating algorithm, generate triangle irregular network DTM vector numbers
According to as shown in figure 3, mainly including the following steps that S301~S304, wherein S301 is that tile DTM raster datas are converted into rule
The process of triangle gridding DTM vector datas, S302~S304 be using evacuating algorithm to regular triangulation DTM vector datas into
Row vacuates the process for generating triangle irregular network DTM vector datas, specific as follows：
Step S301, for each pixel in each tile DTM raster datas, by the pixel and its upper left corner and bottom right
The pixel at angle connects, and obtains regular triangulation DTM vector datas, every wherein in regular triangulation DTM vector datas
The vertex of a triangle gridding is a pixel；
In step S301, after connecting each pixel, regular triangulation DTM vector datas are obtained, such as by vertex
The triangle gridding that abc is constituted, wherein abc is pixel.
In the embodiment of the present invention, each regular triangulation in further computation rule triangle gridding DTM vector datas
Vertex latitude and longitude coordinates relative to tile where the regular triangulation central point latitude and longitude coordinates relative coordinate, storage
The relative coordinate on the vertex of regular triangulation can specifically store each rectangle apex coordinate in tile, as rectangle vertex is
A, b, c, d, then it represents that be the regular triangulation abc obtained after the rectangle is converted and regular triangulation bcd.For
Triangle irregular network DTM vector datas need the full triangle vertex for storing each triangle irregular network, following DTM tables institute
Show:
| ID (major key) | DTM ID | Triangle | Tile id |
| 1 | 1 | (a,b,c) | A |
| 2 | 1 | (b,c,d) | A |
| 3 | 1 | (c,d,e) | A |
Step S302 protects the vertex (boundary point for constituting tile) that tile is constituted in the tile DTM raster datas
It is left in preset collection S, wherein the set S is initially empty set；
Step S303 is traversed in the regular triangulation DTM vector datas except the top of the composition tile in step S302
The vertex of regular triangulation except point judges the elevation on the vertex for including in the current height value for traversing vertex and set S
Whether the difference of the average value of value is more than or equal to preset height threshold value, retains to the set S if then will currently traverse vertex
In, otherwise abandon the current traversal vertex.
It should be noted that the vertex of triangle gridding is pixel, and each pixel all has corresponding height value.Specifically
Such as：Assuming that set S includes four vertex, respectively：Vertex A, vertex B, vertex C, vertex D, the height value on four vertex
Respectively h1, h2, h3, h4；Assuming that currently traversal vertex is vertex E, corresponding height value is h5；Then four in set of computations S
The average value of the height value on a vertex is h=(h1+h2+h3+h4)/4；Judge whether the difference of h5 and h is more than or equal to preset height
Threshold value V is spent, if then vertex E is added in set S, if otherwise abandoning vertex E.
Step S304 generates triangle irregular network DTM vectors using the vertex in triangulation articulation set S
Data.
As shown in figure 4, for each pixel in connecting tile DTM raster datas A, formation rule triangle gridding B, then will
Regular triangulation B is converted to the diagram of triangle irregular network C.Solid black dot wherein in attached drawing is pixel.
The generation method of DTM data based on a kind of electronic map disclosed in embodiment one, step S104 are directed to each watt
Piece DTM raster datas generate 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with tile DTM raster datas, as shown in figure 5, including mainly：
Step S401 traverses each pixel in the tile DTM raster datas for each tile DTM raster datas,
For the pixel currently traversed, step S402 to step S404 is executed；
Step S402 calculates the current traversal according to four, the upper and lower, left and right adjacent pixel of the pixel currently traversed
The X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate of pixel；
Wherein, X-direction change rate refers to the variable quantities of the height value z of pixel in the X direction, and Y-direction change rate refers to
The variable quantities of the height value z of pixel in the Y direction.
In step S402, obtain currently traversing the X-direction change rate and Y of pixel with specific reference to formula (1) and formula (2)
Direction change rate；
Dz/dx=(f-d)/2*L； (1)
Dz/dy=(h-b)/2*L； (2)
Wherein, dz/dx is the X-direction change rate of current traversal pixel, and f is the right side adjacent pixel of current traversal pixel
Height value, d are the height value of the adjacent pixel on the left of current traversal pixel, and L is the actual geographic length value of single pixel description；
Dz/dy is the Y-direction change rate of current traversal pixel, and h is the height value of the adjacent pixel below current traversal pixel, and b is to work as
The height value of adjacent pixel above preceding traversal pixel；
Step S403, according to the X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate determine it is described it is current traversal pixel the gradient and
Slope aspect；
In step S403, especially by formula (3), based on the side X for executing the current traversal pixel that step S402 is obtained
The gradient and slope aspect of current traversal pixel are determined to change rate and Y-direction change rate；
Slope=arctan (k*sqrt [(dz/dx) * (dz/dx)+(dz/dy) * (dz/dy)]), (3)
Wherein, k is preset effect exaggeration factor (such as k can be with value for 5 or 10, and this programme does not do considered critical),
Slope is the gradient of current traversal pixel；
The slope aspect for determining current traversal pixel, specifically can be as follows：
When dz/dx is not equal to 0, slope aspect ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx)), when slope aspect ASPECT is less than 0
When, the slope aspect of current traversal pixel is adjusted to ASPECT=2*PI+ASPECT；
When dz/dx is equal to 0, if dz/dy is more than 0, slope aspect ASPECT=PI/2；If dz/dy is less than 0, slope
To ASPECT=1.5*PI, otherwise ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx))；Wherein, ASPECT is current traversal pixel
Slope aspect, PI π.
Step S404, according to preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, the gradient of the current traversal pixel, slope
To the intensity of illumination of the calculating current traversal pixel.
In step s 404, the intensity of illumination of current traversal pixel is calculated according to formula (4)；
255*(cos(azimuth_angle)*slope+sin(azimuth_angle)*sin(ASPECT)*cos
(zenith_angle-ASPECT))； (4)
Wherein, zenith_angle is default solar azimuth, and azimuth_angle is default sun altitude.
Based on a kind of DTM data creation methods of electronic map disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention corresponds to also
A kind of DTM data generating devices of electronic map are disclosed, which can perform raw disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention
At method, detailed process following embodiment illustrates.
Embodiment three
As shown in fig. 6, being a kind of structural representation of the DTM data generating devices of electronic map disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention
Scheme, includes mainly：First processing units 11, converting unit 12, second processing unit 13, third processing unit 14.
Wherein, first processing units 11, for obtaining DTM raster datas, and according to preset tile standard to the DTM
Raster data carries out tile cutting, obtains multiple tile DTM raster datas；
The tile DTM raster datas are converted to rule by converting unit 12 for being directed to each tile DTM raster datas
Then triangle gridding DTM vector datas, and the regular triangulation DTM vector datas are vacuated using evacuating algorithm, it is raw
At triangle irregular network DTM vector datas；
Second processing unit 13, for determining the vertex latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network relative to described irregular
The relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of tile where triangle gridding stores the opposite seat on the vertex of triangle irregular network
Mark, and using the triangle irregular network DTM vector datas as the corresponding DTM data of large scale electronic map, and store,
The wherein described large scale refers to the engineer's scale more than preset proportion ruler threshold value；
Third processing unit 14, for for each tile DTM raster datas, generating and tile DTM raster datas
Corresponding 2.5 dimension DTM images are tieed up DTM images as the corresponding DTM data of small scale electronic map using described 2.5, and are deposited
Storage, wherein the small scale refers to the engineer's scale less than or equal to the preset proportion ruler threshold value.
Its respective implementation principle of each unit disclosed above is corresponding with method disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention one, is based on
This, the generating means disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention equally can be on the one hand based on the device, by the irregular triangle
Grid DTM vector datas can be reduced largely irregular as the corresponding DTM data of large scale electronic map
The data volume of triangle gridding DTM vector datas, therefore when drawing large scale electronic map, according to triangle irregular network
DTM vector datas are rendered, and what be can not only obtain more clearly electronic map and can ensure DTM featuress of terrain without mistake
Very, and the data volumes of the corresponding DTM vector datas of large scale electronic map is reduced, to accelerate to render large scale electricity
The efficiency and speed of sub- map.
On the other hand, it is 2.5 dimension DTM images for the DTM data of small scale electronic map storage, due to 2.5 dimension DTM
Image is grid map, and data volume is smaller, therefore, when drawing small scale electronic map, even if small scale electronic map exhibition
Show that geographical coverage area is wider, being rendered using 2.5 dimension DTM images also can quickly load 2.5 dimension DTM images, meet fast
Speed shows the demand of electronic map, and the clarity of 2.5 dimension DTM images disclosure satisfy that the demand of small scale electronic map.
The structural schematic diagram of DTM data generating devices based on a kind of electronic map disclosed in attached drawing 6, wherein described
Include mainly in one processing unit 11：
First acquisition module, for obtaining DTM raster datas；
Cutting module obtains multiple tiles for being cut to the DTM raster datas according to preset tile standard
DTM raster datas；
First memory module, for each tile DTM raster datas to be stored with DTM tableau formats, the DTM tables
The correspondence being stored in lattice between tile DTM raster datas and tile id.
The structural schematic diagram of DTM data generating devices based on electronic map disclosed in attached drawing 6, wherein described for every
The tile DTM raster datas are converted to the conversion list of regular triangulation DTM vector datas by a tile DTM raster datas
First 12 include mainly：
Link block, each pixel for being directed in each tile DTM raster datas, by the pixel and its upper left corner
It is connected with the pixel in the lower right corner, the triangle gridding DTM vector datas of rule is obtained, wherein the regular triangulation DTM
The vertex of each triangle gridding is a pixel in vector data.
The converting unit 12 stores the original coordinates of the regular triangulation using the positioning method in tile, i.e.,
Refer to the relative coordinate all become the original coordinates on three vertex of regular triangle relative to tile central point.Due to the tile
Interior positioning method is not instead of in the method for the longitude and latitude on the vertex of the whole regular triangulations of storage, with storage rule triangle
The vertex of grid is stored relative to the method for the relative coordinate of tile central point where the regular triangulation, to save significantly
Save memory space.
The structural schematic diagram of DTM data generating devices based on electronic map disclosed in attached drawing 6, wherein described using pumping
Dilute algorithm vacuates the regular triangulation DTM vector datas, generates turning for triangle irregular network DTM vector datas
Changing unit 12 includes mainly：
Memory module, for retaining on the vertex for constituting tile in the tile DTM raster datas into preset collection S,
The wherein described set S is initially empty set；
First spider module, for traversing the vertex in the regular triangulation DTM vector datas in addition to constituting tile
Except regular triangulation vertex, judge current traversal vertex height value and set S in include vertex height value
Average value difference whether be more than or equal to preset height threshold value, retain into the set S if then will currently traverse vertex,
If otherwise abandoning the current traversal vertex；
First generation module, for using the vertex in triangulation articulation set S, generating triangle irregular network
DTM vector datas.The structural schematic diagram of DTM data generating devices based on electronic map disclosed in attached drawing 6, wherein the needle
Each tile DTM raster datas are respectively processed, 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with tile DTM raster datas are generated
Third processing unit 14 include mainly：
Second spider module is traversed for being directed to each tile DTM raster datas in the tile DTM raster datas
Each pixel is handled the pixel currently traversed in first processing module；
The first processing module is calculated for four, the upper and lower, left and right adjacent pixel according to the pixel currently traversed
The X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate of the current traversal pixel；It is true according to the X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate
The gradient and slope aspect of the fixed current traversal pixel；And according to preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, current time described
The gradient, the slope aspect of pixel are gone through, the intensity of illumination of the current traversal pixel is calculated；
Second generation module, for the intensity of illumination according to each pixel in the tile DTM raster datas, to the tile
DTM raster datas are rendered, and 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with the tile DTM raster datas are obtained.
Wherein, first processing module, including：
Change rate computational submodule, for four, the upper and lower, left and right adjacent pixel of the pixel to currently traversing, according to
Dz/dx=(f-d)/2*L and dz/dy=(h-b)/2*L, the X-direction change rate and Y-direction for calculating the current traversal pixel become
Rate；Wherein, dz/dx is the X-direction change rate of current traversal pixel, and f is the height of the right side adjacent pixel of current traversal pixel
Journey value, d are the height value of the adjacent pixel on the left of current traversal pixel, and L is the actual geographic length value of single pixel description；
Dz/dy is the Y-direction change rate of current traversal pixel, and h is the height value of the adjacent pixel below current traversal pixel, and b is to work as
The height value of adjacent pixel above preceding traversal pixel；
The gradient and slope aspect computational submodule are used for the X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate based on acquisition, according to
Slope=arctan (k*sqrt [(dz/dx) * (dz/dx)+(dz/dy) * (dz/dy)]) determines the current traversal pixel
The gradient and slope aspect；
Wherein, k is preset effect exaggeration factor, and slope is the gradient of current traversal pixel；When dz/dx is not equal to 0
When, the current slope aspect ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx)) for traversing pixel will be current when slope aspect ASPECT is less than 0
The slope aspect of traversal pixel is adjusted to ASPECT=2*PI+ASPECT；When dz/dx is equal to 0, if dz/dy is more than 0, slope aspect
ASPECT=PI/2；If dz/dy be less than 0, slope aspect ASPECT=1.5*PI, otherwise ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-
(dz/dx))；Wherein, ASPECT is the slope aspect of current traversal pixel；
Illuminometer operator module, for based on preset solar azimuth and sun altitude and the gradient and
The gradient and slope aspect is calculated in slope aspect computational submodule, according to 255* (cos (azimuth_angle) * slope+sin
(azimuth_angle) * sin (ASPECT) * cos (zenith_angle-ASPECT)), calculate the current traversal pixel
Intensity of illumination；
Wherein, zenith_angle is default solar azimuth, and azimuth_angle is default sun altitude.
In conclusion its specific implementation principle of the embodiment of method and apparatus disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention can mutually join
According to.Present invention embodiment disclosed above is by regarding the triangle irregular network DTM vector datas as large scale electronics
The corresponding DTM data of map store DTM data for small scale electronic map with 2.5 dimension DTM image modes, therefore can
The data volume of triangle irregular network DTM vector datas is largely reduced, therefore works as and draws large scale electronically
When figure, rendered according to triangle irregular network DTM vector datas, can not only obtain more clearly electronic map and
It can ensure that DTM featuress of terrain are undistorted, and reduce the data of the corresponding DTM vector datas of large scale electronic map
Amount, to accelerate to render the efficiency and speed of large scale electronic map.
Meanwhile when drawing small scale electronic map, though small scale electronic map show geographical coverage area compared with
Extensively, being rendered using 2.5 dimension DTM images also can quickly load 2.5 dimension DTM images, meet and quickly show electronic map
Demand, and the clarity of 2.5 dimension DTM images disclosure satisfy that the demand of small scale electronic map.In addition, using aforementioned present invention
Method disclosed in embodiment establishes mixed type digital terrain model, also would be even more beneficial to the drafting of the Rendering softwares such as OPENGL, from
And rendering efficiency is made to be greatly improved, but also the electronic map generated based on method and apparatus disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention
Especially suitable for cell phone map.
Each embodiment is described by the way of progressive in this specification, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, just to refer each other for identical similar portion between each embodiment.For device disclosed in embodiment
For, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so description is fairly simple, related place is said referring to method part
It is bright.
The step of method described in conjunction with the examples disclosed in this document or algorithm, can directly be held with hardware, processor
The combination of capable software module or the two is implemented.Software module can be placed in random access memory (RAM), memory, read-only deposit
Reservoir (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable ROM, register, hard disk, moveable magnetic disc, CD-ROM or technology
In any other form of storage medium well known in field.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest range caused.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of digital terrain model DTM data creation methods of electronic map, which is characterized in that including：
DTM raster datas are obtained, and tile cutting is carried out to the DTM raster datas according to preset tile standard, are obtained more
A tile DTM raster datas；
For each tile DTM raster datas, the tile DTM raster datas are converted into regular triangulation DTM vector numbers
According to, and the regular triangulation DTM vector datas are vacuated using evacuating algorithm, generate triangle irregular network DTM
Vector data；
Determine central point of the vertex latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network relative to tile where the triangle irregular network
The relative coordinate of latitude and longitude coordinates, stores the relative coordinate on the vertex of triangle irregular network, and by the irregular triangle network
Lattice DTM vector datas are as the corresponding DTM data of large scale electronic map and store, wherein the large scale refers to being more than
The engineer's scale of preset proportion ruler threshold value；
For each tile DTM raster datas, 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with tile DTM raster datas are generated, by described 2.5
Dimension DTM images as the corresponding DTM data of small scale electronic map and store, wherein the small scale refers to being less than or equal to
The engineer's scale of the preset proportion ruler threshold value.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, each tile DTM raster datas are directed to, by the tile
DTM raster datas are converted to regular triangulation DTM vector datas, specifically include：
For each pixel in each tile DTM raster datas, which is connect with the pixel in its upper left corner and the lower right corner
Get up, obtains regular triangulation DTM vector datas, each triangle gridding wherein in regular triangulation DTM vector datas
Vertex is a pixel.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that described to use evacuating algorithm to the regular triangular net
Lattice DTM vector datas are vacuated, and are generated triangle irregular network DTM vector datas, are specifically included：
The vertex that tile is constituted in the tile DTM raster datas is retained into preset collection S, wherein the set S is initial
For empty set；
Traverse the top of the regular triangulation in the regular triangulation DTM vector datas other than constituting the vertex of tile
Point, judges whether the height value on current traversal vertex and the difference of the average value of the height value on the vertex for including in set S are more than
Equal to preset height threshold value, retain into the set S if then will currently traverse vertex, if otherwise abandoning the current traversal
Vertex；
Using the vertex in triangulation articulation set S, triangle irregular network DTM vector datas are generated.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is described be directed to each tile DTM raster datas, generate with watt
The corresponding 2.5 dimension DTM images of piece DTM raster datas, specifically include：
For each tile DTM raster datas, each pixel in the tile DTM raster datas is traversed, for current traversal
Pixel, execute following steps：According to four, the upper and lower, left and right adjacent pixel of the pixel currently traversed, calculate described current
Traverse the X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate of pixel；Work as according to described in the X-direction change rate and the determination of Y-direction change rate
The gradient and slope aspect of preceding traversal pixel；And according to preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, the current traversal pixel
The gradient, slope aspect calculate the intensity of illumination of the current traversal pixel；
According to the intensity of illumination of each pixel in the tile DTM raster datas, the tile DTM raster datas are rendered,
Obtain 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with the tile DTM raster datas.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, according to four, the upper and lower, left and right of the pixel currently traversed
Adjacent pixel calculates the X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate of the current traversal pixel, is obtained with specific reference to following formula：
Dz/dx=(f-d)/2*L；
Dz/dy=(h-b)/2*L；
Wherein, dz/dx is the X-direction change rate of current traversal pixel, and f is the elevation of the right side adjacent pixel of current traversal pixel
Value, d are the height value of the adjacent pixel on the left of current traversal pixel, and L is the actual geographic length value of single pixel description；dz/
Dy is the Y-direction change rate of current traversal pixel, and h is the height value of the adjacent pixel below current traversal pixel, and b is current time
Go through the height value of the adjacent pixel above pixel；
The gradient and slope aspect that the current traversal pixel is determined according to the X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate, specifically
It obtains according to the following formula：
Slope=arctan (k*sqrt [(dz/dx) * (dz/dx)+(dz/dy) * (dz/dy)])；
Wherein, k is preset effect exaggeration factor, and slope is the gradient of current traversal pixel；
When dz/dx is not equal to 0, the current slope aspect ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx)) for traversing pixel works as slope aspect
When ASPECT is less than 0, the slope aspect of current traversal pixel is adjusted to ASPECT=2*PI+ASPECT；When dz/dx is equal to 0, such as
Fruit dz/dy is more than 0, then slope aspect ASPECT=PI/2；If dz/dy is less than 0, slope aspect ASPECT=1.5*PI, otherwise
ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx))；Wherein, ASPECT is the slope aspect of current traversal pixel；
It is described according to preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, the current traversal gradient of pixel, slope aspect, described in calculating
The intensity of illumination of current traversal pixel, obtains with specific reference to following formula：
Intensity of illumination is：
255*(cos(azimuth_angle)*slope+sin(azimuth_angle)*sin(ASPECT)*cos(zenith_
angle-ASPECT))；
Wherein, zenith_angle is preset solar azimuth, and azimuth_angle is preset sun altitude.
6. a kind of digital terrain model DTM data generating devices of electronic map, which is characterized in that including：
First processing units, for obtaining DTM raster datas, and according to preset tile standard to the DTM raster datas into
Row tile is cut, and obtains multiple tile DTM raster datas；
The tile DTM raster datas are converted to regular triangular by converting unit for being directed to each tile DTM raster datas
Grid DTM vector datas, and the regular triangulation DTM vector datas are vacuated using evacuating algorithm, generation is not advised
Then triangle gridding DTM vector datas；
Second processing unit, for determining the vertex latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network relative to the irregular triangle network
The relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of tile, stores the relative coordinate on the vertex of triangle irregular network where lattice, and
The triangle irregular network DTM vector datas as the corresponding DTM data of large scale electronic map and are stored, wherein institute
It refers to the engineer's scale more than preset proportion ruler threshold value to state large scale；
Third processing unit, for for each tile DTM raster datas, generating corresponding with tile DTM raster datas
2.5 dimension DTM images are tieed up DTM images using described 2.5 and as the corresponding DTM data of small scale electronic map and are stored, wherein institute
It refers to the engineer's scale less than or equal to the preset proportion ruler threshold value to state small scale.
7. generating means according to claim 6, which is characterized in that it is described to be directed to each tile DTM raster datas, by institute
The converting unit that tile DTM raster datas are converted to regular triangulation DTM vector datas is stated, including：
Link block, each pixel for being directed in each tile DTM raster datas, by the pixel and its upper left corner and the right side
The pixel of inferior horn connects, and the triangle gridding DTM vector datas of rule is obtained, wherein the regular triangulation DTM vectors
The vertex of each triangle gridding is a pixel in data.
8. the generating means described according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that described to use evacuating algorithm to described regular three
Angle grid DTM vector datas are vacuated, and the converting unit of triangle irregular network DTM vector datas is generated, including：
Memory module, for retaining on the vertex for constituting tile in the tile DTM raster datas into preset collection S, wherein
The set S is initially empty set；
First spider module, for traversing in the regular triangulation DTM vector datas other than constituting the vertex of tile
Regular triangulation vertex, judge current traversal vertex height value and set S in include the height value on vertex put down
Whether the difference of mean value is more than or equal to preset height threshold value, retains into the set S if then will currently traverse vertex, if not
Then abandon the current traversal vertex；
First generation module, for using the vertex in triangulation articulation set S, generating triangle irregular network DTM
Vector data.
9. generating means according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described for each tile DTM raster datas
It is respectively processed, generates the third processing unit of 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with tile DTM raster datas, including：
Second spider module traverses each of described tile DTM raster datas for being directed to each tile DTM raster datas
Pixel is handled the pixel currently traversed in first processing module；
The first processing module, for according to four, the upper and lower, left and right adjacent pixel of pixel currently traversed, described in calculating
The X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate of current traversal pixel；Institute is determined according to the X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate
State the gradient and slope aspect of current traversal pixel；And according to preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, the current traversal picture
The gradient of element, slope aspect calculate the intensity of illumination of the current traversal pixel；
Second generation module, for the intensity of illumination according to each pixel in the tile DTM raster datas, to the tile DTM
Raster data is rendered, and 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with the tile DTM raster datas are obtained.
10. generating means according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the first processing module, including：
Change rate computational submodule, for four, the upper and lower, left and right adjacent pixel of the pixel to currently traversing, according to dz/dx
=(f-d)/2*L and dz/dy=(h-b)/2*L calculates the X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate of the current traversal pixel；
Wherein, dz/dx is the X-direction change rate of current traversal pixel, and f is the elevation of the right side adjacent pixel of current traversal pixel
Value, d are the height value of the adjacent pixel on the left of current traversal pixel, and L is the actual geographic length value of single pixel description；dz/
Dy is the Y-direction change rate of current traversal pixel, and h is the height value of the adjacent pixel below current traversal pixel, and b is current time
Go through the height value of the adjacent pixel above pixel；
The gradient and slope aspect computational submodule are used for the X-direction change rate and Y-direction change rate based on acquisition, according to slope
=arctan (k*sqrt [(dz/dx) * (dz/dx)+(dz/dy) * (dz/dy)]) determine it is described it is current traversal pixel the gradient and
Slope aspect；
Wherein, k is preset effect exaggeration factor, and slope is the gradient of current traversal pixel；When dz/dx is not equal to 0, when
The slope aspect ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx)) of preceding traversal pixel will be traversed currently when slope aspect ASPECT is less than 0
The slope aspect of pixel is adjusted to ASPECT=2*PI+ASPECT；When dz/dx is equal to 0, if dz/dy is more than 0, slope aspect
ASPECT=PI/2；If dz/dy be less than 0, slope aspect ASPECT=1.5*PI, otherwise ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-
(dz/dx))；Wherein, ASPECT is the slope aspect of current traversal pixel；
Illuminometer operator module, for based on preset solar azimuth and sun altitude and the gradient and slope aspect
The gradient and slope aspect is calculated in computational submodule, according to 255* (cos (azimuth_angle) * slope+sin (azimuth_
Angle) * sin (ASPECT) * cos (zenith_angle-ASPECT)), calculate the intensity of illumination of the current traversal pixel；
Wherein, zenith_angle is default solar azimuth, and azimuth_angle is default sun altitude.
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| PCT/CN2016/071452 WO2016116045A1 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2016-01-20 | Method and apparatus for generating digital terrain model data of electronic maps |
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