CN105869202A - Method and device for generating digital terrain model (DTM) data for electronic map - Google Patents
Method and device for generating digital terrain model (DTM) data for electronic map Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for generating digital terrain model (DTM) data for an electronic map. DTM raster data are converted and segmented into multiple tile DTM raster data, the tile DTM raster data are converted into DTM vector data of a regular triangular mesh, a thinning algorithm is adopted to thin the DTM vector data of the regular triangular mesh, DTM vector data of an irregular triangular mesh are generated, and the DTM vector data of the irregular triangular mesh serve as DTM data corresponding to a large-scale electronic map; and as for each piece of tile DTM raster data, a 2.5-dimensional DTM image corresponding to the tile DTM raster data is generated, and the 2.5-dimensional DTM image serves as DTM data corresponding to a small-scale electronic map. Through the above mode, clear demonstration application requirements by the large-scale electronic map can be met, and quick rendering application requirements by the small-scale electronic map can also be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electronic chart field, in particular, relate to a kind of electronic chart digitally
Surface model (DTM) data creation method and device.
Background technology
Along with airmanship develops, digital terrain model (hereinafter referred to as DTM) accounts in map of navigation electronic field
According to the most important position, on map of navigation electronic industrialization product, generating DTM the most in the industry
During data, DTM data mainly include three kinds: the first is vowed for regular triangulation DTM
Amount data, it is made up of equal-sized triangle, is usually used in the surface modeling of irregularly shaped object；The
Two kinds be triangle irregular network DTM vector data (TIN), and it is typically to be differed in size by a series of
Triangle forms, and is also commonly used for the surface modeling of irregularly shaped object；The third is 2.5 dimension DTM images, its
Refer to from particular light orientation, the pseudo-3-D effect of DTM.
At present, for each scale of electronic chart, all storages have the same type corresponding with scale
DTM data.
For regular triangulation DTM vector data and triangle irregular network DTM vector data, due to
The number of triangles comprised is too much, and therefore data volume is very big, e.g., and the 90m*90m resolution of the whole of China
DTM about 10G, huge memory capacity is that the one of embedded navigation equipment is born greatly, to data store
Causing the biggest problem, even if after compression storage, data capacity also will not significantly reduce, and is therefore painting
During small scale electronic chart processed, the geographical coverage area shown due to small scale electronic chart is relatively wide, needs
DTM data to be loaded are more, i.e. need the regular triangulation DTM vector data or irregular loaded
The triangle that triangle gridding DTM vector data comprises is more, and rendering efficiency is relatively low, it is impossible to meet quick wash with watercolours
The application demand of dye electronic chart.
For 2.5 dimension DTM images, owing to 2.5 dimension DTM images are grating image, draw large scale electricity
During sub-map, it is the fuzzyyest that 2.5 dimension DTM images show, therefore shows during large scale electronic chart clear
Clear degree is inadequate, it is impossible to meet the displaying requirement of large scale electronic chart.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides DTM data creation method and the device of a kind of electronic chart, with
Overcome the DTM data generated in prior art cannot meet electronic chart can clearly show and can quick wash with watercolours
The technical problem of the application demand of dye electronic chart.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of digital terrain model DTM data creation method of electronic chart, including:
Obtain DTM raster data, and according to preset tile standard, described DTM raster data is carried out
Tile cuts, and obtains multiple tile DTM raster data；
For each tile DTM raster data, described tile DTM raster data is converted to rule three
Angle grid DTM vector data, and use evacuating algorithm to described regular triangulation DTM vector data
Carry out taking out dilute, generate triangle irregular network DTM vector data；
Determine that the summit latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network is relative to this triangle irregular network place watt
The relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of sheet, the relative coordinate on the summit of storage triangle irregular network,
And using described triangle irregular network DTM vector data as DTM corresponding to large scale electronic chart
Data, and store, wherein said large scale refers to greater than the scale of preset proportion chi threshold value；
For each tile DTM raster data, generate 2.5 dimensions corresponding with tile DTM raster data
DTM image, using described 2.5 dimension DTM images as DTM data corresponding to small scale electronic chart,
And store, wherein said small scale is meant less than the scale equal to described preset proportion chi threshold value.
A kind of digital terrain model DTM data generating device of electronic chart, including:
First processing unit, is used for obtaining DTM raster data, and according to preset tile standard to described
DTM raster data carries out tile cutting, obtains multiple tile DTM raster data；
Converting unit, for for each tile DTM raster data, by described tile DTM grid number
According to being converted to regular triangulation DTM vector data, and use evacuating algorithm to described regular triangulation
DTM vector data carries out taking out dilute, generates triangle irregular network DTM vector data；
Second processing unit, for determining that the summit latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network is relative to described
The relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network place tile, stores irregular triangle
The relative coordinate on the summit of grid, and using described triangle irregular network DTM vector data as vast scale
The DTM data that chi electronic chart is corresponding, and store, wherein said large scale refers to greater than preset proportion
The scale of chi threshold value；
3rd processing unit, for for each described tile DTM raster data, generates and tile DTM
The 2.5 dimension DTM images that raster data is corresponding, using described 2.5 dimension DTM images as small scale electricity
The DTM data that sub-map is corresponding, and store, wherein said small scale is meant less than preset equal to described
The scale of scale threshold value.
Technical solution of the present invention, on the one hand, determine that the summit latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network is relative
In the relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of this triangle irregular network place tile, storage is irregular
The relative coordinate on the summit of triangle gridding, and using described triangle irregular network DTM vector data as greatly
The DTM data that scale electronic chart is corresponding, therefore, it is possible to reduce irregular triangle to a great extent
The data volume of grid DTM vector data, therefore when drawing large scale electronic chart, according to irregularly
Triangle gridding DTM vector data renders, the electronic chart the most clearly that can not only obtain and energy
Enough guarantee that DTM features of terrain is undistorted, and reduce DTM corresponding to large scale electronic chart and vow
The data volume of amount data, thus accelerate to render efficiency and the speed of large scale electronic chart.On the other hand,
DTM data for the storage of small scale electronic chart are 2.5 dimension DTM images, due to 2.5 dimension DTM
Image is grid map, and data volume is less, therefore, when drawing small scale electronic chart, even if little ratio
Example chi electronic chart shows that geographical coverage area is relatively wide, uses 2.5 dimension DTM images to carry out rendering also being able to
Quickly load 2.5 dimension DTM images, meet the demand quickly showing electronic chart, and 2.5 dimension DTM figures
The definition of picture disclosure satisfy that the demand of small scale electronic chart.In sum, the technology of the present invention is used
No matter scheme, be large scale electronic chart or small scale electronic chart, use corresponding with scale
DTM data all can quickly draw out electronic chart clearly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to reality
Execute the required accompanying drawing used in example or description of the prior art to be briefly described, it should be apparent that below,
Accompanying drawing in description is only embodiments of the invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, not
On the premise of paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing according to the accompanying drawing provided.
Fig. 1 is the digital terrain model data genaration side of a kind of electronic chart disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention one
Method flow chart；
Fig. 2 is digital terrain model data based on electronic chart a kind of disclosed in Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention two
Generate method flow diagram；
Fig. 3 is digital terrain model data based on electronic chart a kind of disclosed in Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention two
Generate method flow diagram；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that DTM pixel disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention is converted to triangle irregular network；
Fig. 5 is digital terrain model data based on electronic chart a kind of disclosed in Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention two
Generate method flow diagram；
Fig. 6 is the digital terrain model data generating device of a kind of electronic chart disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention
Structural representation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out
Clearly and completely describe, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, and
It is not all, of embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not doing
Go out the every other embodiment obtained under creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
From background technology, DTM data based on three types of the prior art, generating electronics
During map, it is impossible to meet the Fast rendering of small scale electronic chart, and large scale simultaneously
The application demand that electronic chart is clearly shown.Therefore, a kind of electronic chart is embodiments provided
DTM data creation method and device, to overcome the DTM data generated in above-mentioned prior art cannot be optimum
Change the problem meeting the practical application request generating electronic chart, illustrate especially by following example.
Embodiment one
As it is shown in figure 1, the DTM data creation method of a kind of electronic chart provided for the embodiment of the present invention one
Flow chart, mainly comprise the steps that
Step S101, obtains DTM raster data, and according to preset tile standard to described DTM grid
Lattice data carry out tile cutting, obtain multiple tile DTM raster data；
Perform step S101, according to preset tile standard, the DTM raster data obtained is carried out tile
Cutting, and the multiple tile DTM raster datas obtained after cutting are stored in preset DTM table.
Wherein, preset tile standard can include the size of tile, form etc..Tile refers to electronic chart
Map is according to certain size and form, by level of zoom or scale, is just being cut into some row and columns
Square grid picture, to the square grid picture after section, each tile has a unique id, should
Id can be a positive integer.DTM table is as follows:
Corresponding pass between tile DTM raster data and tile id after record cuts in DTM table
System；
Step S102, for each tile DTM raster data, turns described tile DTM raster data
It is changed to regular triangulation DTM vector data, and uses evacuating algorithm to this regular triangulation DTM
Vector data carries out taking out dilute, generates triangle irregular network DTM vector data；
In step s 102, the regular triangulation DTM vector data got is used evacuating algorithm
Carry out taking out dilute, make regular triangulation DTM vector data be converted to triangle irregular network DTM vector
Data.By regular triangulation DTM vector data is converted to triangle irregular network DTM vector
Data, it is possible to reduce the quantity of triangle gridding, reduce amount of storage.
Step S103, determines that the summit latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network is relative to this irregular triangle
The relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of grid place tile, the summit of storage triangle irregular network
Relative coordinate, and using described triangle irregular network DTM vector data as large scale electronic chart
Corresponding DTM data, and store；
In step s 103, based on tile inner position mode, for each triangle irregular network, really
Determine the summit latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network relative in this triangle irregular network place tile
The relative coordinate of heart point latitude and longitude coordinates, stores the relative coordinate on the summit of each triangle irregular network.
And it is using this, this triangle irregular network DTM vector data is corresponding as large scale electronic chart
DTM data store.Wherein, described large scale refers to greater than preset proportion chi threshold value (scale threshold value
Value can be 11 grades) scale.
Concrete, the relative coordinate on the summit of each triangle irregular network is: the longitude and latitude on this summit itself
The difference of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of degree coordinate and place tile.
The DTM vector data under large scale electronic chart, Ke Yi is obtained by performing step S103
On the premise of loss of significance, improve the efficiency rendering display under large scale.Generally,
Described large scale refers to the scale of the electronic chart of more than 11 grades.But the present invention is for large-scale
Limit and do not make considered critical, can be adjusted according to concrete condition.
Step S104, for each tile DTM raster data, generates and tile DTM raster data pair
The 2.5 dimension DTM images answered, using corresponding as small scale electronic chart for described 2.5 dimension DTM images
DTM data, and store, wherein said small scale is meant less than equal to described preset proportion chi threshold value
Scale.
In step S104, using corresponding as small scale electronic chart for described 2.5 dimension DTM images
DTM data store, and can meet the demand of the electronic chart quickly display under small scale.Its
In, the scale referring to the electronic chart less than or equal to 11 grades of described small scale, same, the present invention
Scope for small scale is not limited to that, can be adjusted according to concrete condition.
Technical solution of the present invention, on the one hand, determine that the summit latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network is relative
In the relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of this triangle irregular network place tile, storage is irregular
The relative coordinate on the summit of triangle gridding, and using described triangle irregular network DTM vector data as greatly
The DTM data that scale electronic chart is corresponding, therefore, it is possible to reduce irregular triangle to a great extent
The data volume of grid DTM vector data, therefore when drawing large scale electronic chart, according to irregularly
Triangle gridding DTM vector data renders, the electronic chart the most clearly that can not only obtain and energy
Enough guarantee that DTM features of terrain is undistorted, and reduce DTM corresponding to large scale electronic chart and vow
The data volume of amount data, thus accelerate to render efficiency and the speed of large scale electronic chart.On the other hand,
DTM data for the storage of small scale electronic chart are 2.5 dimension DTM images, due to 2.5 dimension DTM
Image is grid map, and data volume is less, therefore, when drawing small scale electronic chart, even if little ratio
Example chi electronic chart shows that geographical coverage area is relatively wide, uses 2.5 dimension DTM images to carry out rendering also being able to
Quickly load 2.5 dimension DTM images, meet the demand quickly showing electronic chart, and 2.5 dimension DTM figures
The definition of picture disclosure satisfy that the demand of small scale electronic chart.In sum, the technology of the present invention is used
No matter scheme, be large scale electronic chart or small scale electronic chart, use corresponding with scale
DTM data all can quickly draw out electronic chart clearly.
Embodiment two
DTM data creation method based on electronic chart a kind of disclosed in embodiment one, shown in Fig. 1
Step S101, obtains DTM raster data, and carries out described DTM raster data according to tile standard
Cutting, obtains tile DTM raster data, as in figure 2 it is shown, mainly comprise the steps that
Step S201, obtains DTM raster data；
Step S202, carries out tile cutting according to preset tile standard to described DTM raster data,
Obtain multiple tile DTM raster data；
Step S203, stores each described tile DTM raster data with DTM tableau format, described
In DTM form, storage has the corresponding relation between tile DTM raster data and tile id.
Generation methods based on electronic chart DTM data a kind of disclosed in embodiment one, shown in Fig. 1
Step S102, for each tile DTM raster data, is converted to described tile DTM raster data
Regular triangulation DTM vector data, and use evacuating algorithm that described regular triangulation DTM is vowed
Amount data carry out taking out dilute, generate triangle irregular network DTM vector data, as it is shown on figure 3, mainly wrap
Including following steps S301～S304, wherein S301 is for be converted into regular triangular by tile DTM raster data
The process of grid DTM vector data, S302～S304 is for using evacuating algorithm to regular triangulation DTM
Vector data carries out taking out the process of dilute generation triangle irregular network DTM vector data, specific as follows:
Step S301, for each pixel in each tile DTM raster data, by this pixel and its
The pixel in the upper left corner and the lower right corner couples together, and obtains regular triangulation DTM vector data, Qi Zhonggui
Then in triangle gridding DTM vector data, the summit of each triangle gridding is a pixel；
In step S301, after connecting each pixel, obtain regular triangulation DTM vector number
According to, such as the triangle gridding being made up of summit abc, wherein abc is pixel.
In the embodiment of the present invention, each rule in further computation rule triangle gridding DTM vector data
The summit latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle gridding is relative to the central point longitude and latitude of this regular triangulation place tile
The relative coordinate of coordinate, the relative coordinate on the summit of storage rule triangle gridding, concrete stored tile
In each rectangular top point coordinates, if rectangle summit is a, b, c, d, then it represents that be after this rectangle is changed
The regular triangulation abc arrived and regular triangulation bcd.For triangle irregular network DTM vector
Data, need to store the full triangle summit of each triangle irregular network, shown in following DTM table:
| ID (major key) | DTM ID | Triangle | Tile id |
| 1 | 1 | (a,b,c) | A |
| 2 | 1 | (b,c,d) | A |
| 3 | 1 | (c,d,e) | A |
Step S302, (i.e. constitutes tile by the summit constituting tile in described tile DTM raster data
Boundary point) retain in preset collection S, wherein said set S is initially empty set；
Step S303, travels through in described regular triangulation DTM vector data except the structure in step S302
The summit of the regular triangulation outside the summit of one-tenth tile, it is judged that the height value on current traversal summit and collection
Whether the difference of the meansigma methods closing the height value on the summit comprised in S is more than or equal to preset height threshold value, if
It is will currently to travel through summit and retain to described set S, and otherwise abandon described current traversal summit.
It should be noted that the summit of triangle gridding is pixel, and each pixel is respectively provided with the elevation of correspondence
Value.The most such as: assume that gathering S includes four summits, is respectively as follows: summit A, summit B, top
Point C, summit D, the height value on these four summits is respectively h1, h2, h3, h4；Assume current traversal
Summit is summit E, and corresponding height value is h5；The then height value on four summits in set of computations S
Meansigma methods is h=(h1+h2+h3+h4)/4；Judge that whether the difference of h5 Yu h is more than or equal to preset height
Threshold value V, if then adding summit E to set S, if otherwise abandoning summit E.
Step S304, uses the summit in triangulation articulation set S, generates TIN
Lattice DTM vector data.
As shown in Figure 4, for each pixel in connecting tile DTM raster data A, formation rule
Triangle gridding B, then this regular triangulation B is converted to the diagram of triangle irregular network C.Wherein
Solid black round dot in accompanying drawing is pixel.
The generation method of DTM data based on electronic chart a kind of disclosed in embodiment one, step S104
For each tile DTM raster data, generate the 2.5 dimension DTMs corresponding with tile DTM raster data
Image, as it is shown in figure 5, specifically include that
Step S401, for each tile DTM raster data, travels through described tile DTM raster data
In each pixel, for the pixel of current traversal, perform step S402 to step S404；
Step S402, according to four, the upper and lower, left and right neighbor of the pixel of current traversal, calculates
The X-direction rate of change of described current traversal pixel and Y-direction rate of change；
Wherein, X-direction rate of change refers to height value z of pixel variable quantity in the X direction, Y side
Height value z of pixel variable quantity in the Y direction is referred to rate of change.
In step S402, currently traveled through the X of pixel with specific reference to formula (1) and formula (2)
Direction rate of change and Y-direction rate of change；
Dz/dx=(f-d)/2*L； (1)
Dz/dy=(h-b)/2*L； (2)
Wherein, dz/dx is the X-direction rate of change currently traveling through pixel, and f is the right side currently traveling through pixel
The height value of neighbor, d is the height value currently traveling through the neighbor on the left of pixel, and L is single picture
The actual geographic length value that sketch is stated；Dz/dy is the Y-direction rate of change currently traveling through pixel, and h is current
The height value of the neighbor below traversal pixel, b is the elevation currently traveling through the neighbor above pixel
Value；
Step S403, determines described current traversal picture according to described X-direction rate of change and Y-direction rate of change
The gradient of element and slope aspect；
In step S403, especially by formula (3), current time obtained based on execution step S402
X-direction rate of change and the Y-direction rate of change of going through pixel determine the current gradient traveling through pixel and slope aspect；
Slope=arctan (k*sqrt [(dz/dx) * (dz/dx)+(dz/dy) * (dz/dy)]), (3)
Wherein, k is that (if k can be 5 or 10 with value, this programme is not for preset effect exaggeration factor
Do considered critical), slope is the gradient currently traveling through pixel；
Determine the current slope aspect traveling through pixel, specifically can be as follows:
When dz/dx is not equal to 0, slope aspect ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx)), as slope aspect ASPECT
During less than 0, the slope aspect currently traveling through pixel is adjusted to ASPECT=2*PI+ASPECT；
When dz/dx is equal to 0, if dz/dy is more than 0, then slope aspect ASPECT=PI/2；If dz/dy
Less than 0, then slope aspect ASPECT=1.5*PI, otherwise ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx))；Wherein,
ASPECT is the slope aspect currently traveling through pixel, and PI is π.
Step S404, according to preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, described current traversal pixel
The gradient, slope aspect, calculate the intensity of illumination of described current traversal pixel.
In step s 404, the current intensity of illumination traveling through pixel is calculated according to formula (4)；
255*(cos(azimuth_angle)*slope+sin(azimuth_angle)*sin(ASPECT)*cos(
zenith_angle-ASPECT))； (4)
Wherein, zenith_angle is for presetting solar azimuth, and azimuth_angle is for presetting sun altitude.
DTM data creation method based on electronic chart a kind of disclosed in the invention described above embodiment, this
Bright correspondence also discloses the DTM data generating device of a kind of electronic chart, and this generating means can perform above-mentioned
Generation method disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, detailed process following example illustrate.
Embodiment three
As shown in Figure 6, the DTM data generating device of a kind of electronic chart disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention
Structural representation, specifically includes that the first processing unit 11, converting unit 12, the second processing unit 13,
3rd processing unit 14.
Wherein, the first processing unit 11, it is used for obtaining DTM raster data, and according to preset tile mark
Standard carries out tile cutting to described DTM raster data, obtains multiple tile DTM raster data；
Converting unit 12, for for each tile DTM raster data, by described tile DTM grid
Data are converted to regular triangulation DTM vector data, and use evacuating algorithm to described regular triangular net
Lattice DTM vector data carries out taking out dilute, generates triangle irregular network DTM vector data；
Second processing unit 13, for determining that the summit latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network is relative to institute
State the relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network place tile, store irregular three
The relative coordinate on the summit of angle grid, and using described triangle irregular network DTM vector data as greatly than
The DTM data that example chi electronic chart is corresponding, and store, wherein said large scale refers to greater than preset ratio
The scale of example chi threshold value；
3rd processing unit 14, for for each described tile DTM raster data, generates and tile
The 2.5 dimension DTM images that DTM raster data is corresponding, using described 2.5 dimension DTM images as small scale
The DTM data that chi electronic chart is corresponding, and store, wherein said small scale is meant less than equal to described
The scale of preset proportion chi threshold value.
Method pair disclosed in its respective execution principle of unit disclosed above and the embodiment of the present invention one
Should, based on this, this generating means disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, equally, based on this device one
Aspect, using corresponding as large scale electronic chart for described triangle irregular network DTM vector data
DTM data, it is possible to reduce the data of triangle irregular network DTM vector data to a great extent
Amount, therefore when drawing large scale electronic chart, enters according to triangle irregular network DTM vector data
Row renders, the electronic chart the most clearly that can not only obtain and be able to ensure that DTM features of terrain is without losing
Very, and reduce the data volume of DTM vector data corresponding to large scale electronic chart, thus accelerate
Render efficiency and the speed of large scale electronic chart.
On the other hand, the DTM data for the storage of small scale electronic chart are 2.5 dimension DTM images,
Owing to 2.5 dimension DTM images are grid map, data volume is less, therefore, when drawing small scale electronically
During figure, even if small scale electronic chart shows that geographical coverage area is relatively wide, use 2.5 dimension DTM images
Carry out rendering and also be able to quickly load 2.5 dimension DTM images, meet the demand quickly showing electronic chart,
And 2.5 the definition of dimension DTM image disclosure satisfy that the demand of small scale electronic chart.
The structural representation of DTM data generating device based on electronic chart a kind of disclosed in accompanying drawing 6, its
In, described first processing unit 11 specifically includes that
First acquisition module, is used for obtaining DTM raster data；
Cutting module, for described DTM raster data being cut according to preset tile standard,
To multiple tile DTM raster datas；
First memory module, for depositing each described tile DTM raster data with DTM tableau format
Storage, in described DTM form, storage has the corresponding relation between tile DTM raster data and tile id.
The structural representation of DTM data generating device based on electronic chart disclosed in accompanying drawing 6, wherein,
Described for each tile DTM raster data, described tile DTM raster data is converted to rule three
The converting unit 12 of angle grid DTM vector data specifically includes that
Link block, for for each pixel in each tile DTM raster data, by described pixel
Couple together with the pixel in its upper left corner and the lower right corner, obtain the triangle gridding DTM vector data of rule,
In wherein said regular triangulation DTM vector data, the summit of each triangle gridding is a pixel.
The location mode that this converting unit 12 uses in tile stores the original of described regular triangulation
Coordinate, i.e. refers to all become relative to tile central point the original coordinates on the three of regular triangle summits
Relative coordinate.Owing to the location mode in this tile is not to store the summit of whole regular triangulation
The method of longitude and latitude, but with the summit of storage rule triangle gridding relative to this regular triangulation place
The method of the relative coordinate of tile central point stores, thus is greatly saved memory space.
The structural representation of DTM data generating device based on electronic chart disclosed in accompanying drawing 6, wherein,
Described regular triangulation DTM vector data is taken out dilute by described employing evacuating algorithm, generates irregular
The converting unit 12 of triangle gridding DTM vector data specifically includes that
Memory module, for retaining the summit constituting tile in described tile DTM raster data to preset
In set S, wherein said set S is initially empty set；
First spider module, is used for traveling through in described regular triangulation DTM vector data except composition watt
The summit of the regular triangulation outside the summit of sheet, it is judged that the height value on current traversal summit and set S
In the difference of the meansigma methods of the height value on summit that comprises whether more than or equal to preset height threshold value, if then
To currently travel through summit to retain to described set S, if otherwise abandoning described current traversal summit；
First generation module, for using the summit in triangulation articulation set S, generates and does not advises
Then triangle gridding DTM vector data.DTM data genaration based on electronic chart disclosed in accompanying drawing 6 fills
The structural representation put, wherein, described is respectively processed for each described tile DTM raster data,
The 3rd processing unit 14 generating the 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with tile DTM raster data mainly wraps
Include:
Second spider module, for for each tile DTM raster data, travels through described tile DTM
Each pixel in raster data, processes the pixel of current traversal in the first processing module；
Described first processing module, for four, the upper and lower, left and right phase of the pixel according to current traversal
Adjacent pixel, calculates X-direction rate of change and the Y-direction rate of change of described current traversal pixel；According to described
X-direction rate of change and Y-direction rate of change determine the gradient and the slope aspect of described current traversal pixel；And according to
Preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, the gradient of described current traversal pixel, slope aspect, calculate institute
State the current intensity of illumination traveling through pixel；
Second generation module, is used for according to the intensity of illumination of each pixel in described tile DTM raster data,
Described tile DTM raster data is rendered, obtains corresponding with described tile DTM raster data
2.5 dimension DTM images.
Wherein, the first processing module, including:
Rate of change calculating sub module is adjacent for four, the upper and lower, left and right of the pixel to current traversal
Pixel, according to dz/dx=(f-d)/2*L and dz/dy=(h-b)/2*L, calculates the X of described current traversal pixel
Direction rate of change and Y-direction rate of change；Wherein, dz/dx is the X-direction rate of change currently traveling through pixel,
F is the height value of the right side neighbor currently traveling through pixel, and d is currently to travel through the adjacent picture on the left of pixel
The height value of element, L is the actual geographic length value that single pixel describes；Dz/dy is currently to travel through pixel
Y-direction rate of change, h is the height value currently traveling through the neighbor below pixel, and b is for currently traveling through picture
The height value of the neighbor above element；
The gradient and slope aspect calculating sub module, for becoming based on the described X-direction rate of change obtained and Y-direction
Rate, according to slope=arctan (k*sqrt [(dz/dx) * (dz/dx)+(dz/dy) * (dz/dy)]) determine described currently
The gradient of traversal pixel and slope aspect；
Wherein, k is preset effect exaggeration factor, and slope is the gradient currently traveling through pixel；Work as dz/dx
When being not equal to 0, the current slope aspect ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx)) traveling through pixel, works as slope aspect
When ASPECT is less than 0, the slope aspect currently traveling through pixel is adjusted to ASPECT=2*PI+ASPECT；
When dz/dx is equal to 0, if dz/dy is more than 0, then slope aspect ASPECT=PI/2；If dz/dy is little
In 0, then slope aspect ASPECT=1.5*PI, otherwise ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx))；Wherein,
ASPECT is the slope aspect currently traveling through pixel；
Illuminometer operator module, for based on preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, Yi Jisuo
State the gradient and slope aspect calculating sub module is calculated the gradient and slope aspect, according to 255*
(cos(azimuth_angle)*slope+sin(azimuth_angle)*sin(ASPECT)*cos(zenith_angle
-ASPECT)), calculate the intensity of illumination of described current traversal pixel；
Wherein, zenith_angle is for presetting solar azimuth, and azimuth_angle is for presetting sun altitude.
In sum, its concrete execution principle of the embodiment of embodiment of the present invention the methods and apparatus disclosed can
Cross-referenced.Present invention embodiment disclosed above is by by described triangle irregular network DTM vector number
According to the DTM data corresponding as large scale electronic chart, for small scale electronic chart with 2.5 dimensions
DTM image mode storage DTM data, therefore, it is possible to reduce TIN to a great extent
The data volume of lattice DTM vector data, therefore when drawing large scale electronic chart, according to irregular three
Angle grid DTM vector data renders, the electronic chart the most clearly that can not only obtain and can
Guarantee that DTM features of terrain is undistorted, and reduce the DTM vector that large scale electronic chart is corresponding
The data volume of data, thus accelerate to render efficiency and the speed of large scale electronic chart.
Meanwhile, when drawing small scale electronic chart, even if small scale electronic chart shows geographic region
Territory scope is relatively wide, uses 2.5 dimension DTM images to carry out rendering and also be able to quickly load 2.5 dimensions DTM figures
Picture, meets the demand quickly showing electronic chart, and the definition of 2.5 dimension DTM images disclosure satisfy that little
The demand of scale electronic chart.It addition, use method disclosed in the invention described above embodiment to set up mixing
Type digital terrain model, also would be even more beneficial to the drafting of the Rendering software such as OPENGL, so that rendering effect
Rate is greatly improved, and also makes to generate electronically based on embodiment of the present invention the methods and apparatus disclosed
Figure is particularly well-suited to cell phone map.
In this specification, each embodiment uses the mode gone forward one by one to describe, and each embodiment stresses
Being the difference with other embodiments, between each embodiment, identical similar portion sees mutually.
For device disclosed in embodiment, owing to it corresponds to the method disclosed in Example, so describing
Fairly simple, relevant part sees method part and illustrates.
The method described in conjunction with the embodiments described herein or the step of algorithm can directly use hardware,
The software module that processor performs, or the combination of the two implements.Software module can be placed in and deposit at random
Reservoir (RAM), internal memory, read only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electric erasable can
Well known in programming ROM, depositor, hard disk, moveable magnetic disc, CD-ROM or technical field
In any other form of storage medium.
Described above to the disclosed embodiments, makes professional and technical personnel in the field be capable of or uses
The present invention.Multiple amendment to these embodiments will be aobvious and easy for those skilled in the art
See, generic principles defined herein can without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention,
Realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein,
And it is to fit to the widest scope consistent with principles disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (10)
1. the digital terrain model DTM data creation method of an electronic chart, it is characterised in that bag
Include:
Obtain DTM raster data, and according to preset tile standard, described DTM raster data is carried out
Tile cuts, and obtains multiple tile DTM raster data；
For each tile DTM raster data, described tile DTM raster data is converted to rule three
Angle grid DTM vector data, and use evacuating algorithm to described regular triangulation DTM vector data
Carry out taking out dilute, generate triangle irregular network DTM vector data；
Determine that the summit latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network is relative to this triangle irregular network place watt
The relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of sheet, the relative coordinate on the summit of storage triangle irregular network,
And using described triangle irregular network DTM vector data as DTM corresponding to large scale electronic chart
Data, and store, wherein said large scale refers to greater than the scale of preset proportion chi threshold value；
For each tile DTM raster data, generate 2.5 dimensions corresponding with tile DTM raster data
DTM image, using described 2.5 dimension DTM images as DTM data corresponding to small scale electronic chart,
And store, wherein said small scale is meant less than the scale equal to described preset proportion chi threshold value.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that for each tile DTM grid
Data, are converted to regular triangulation DTM vector data by described tile DTM raster data, specifically
Including:
For each pixel in each tile DTM raster data, by this pixel and its upper left corner and bottom right
The pixel at angle couples together, and obtains regular triangulation DTM vector data, wherein regular triangulation
In DTM vector data, the summit of each triangle gridding is a pixel.
Method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described employing evacuating algorithm pair
Described regular triangulation DTM vector data carries out taking out dilute, generates triangle irregular network DTM vector
Data, specifically include:
The summit constituting tile in described tile DTM raster data is retained to preset collection S, wherein
Described set S is initially empty set；
Travel through the rule in addition to constituting the summit of tile in described regular triangulation DTM vector data
The then summit of triangle gridding, it is judged that the height value on current traversal summit and the height gathering the summit comprised in S
Whether the difference of the meansigma methods of journey value, more than or equal to preset height threshold value, protects if then will currently travel through summit
It is left in described set S, if otherwise abandoning described current traversal summit；
Use the summit in triangulation articulation set S, generate triangle irregular network DTM vector
Data.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described for each tile DTM
Raster data, generates the 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with tile DTM raster data, specifically includes:
For each tile DTM raster data, travel through each picture in described tile DTM raster data
Element, for the pixel of current traversal, performs following steps: according to the pixel of current traversal upper and lower,
Left and right four neighbors, calculate X-direction rate of change and the Y-direction change of described current traversal pixel
Rate；According to described X-direction rate of change and Y-direction rate of change determine described current traversal pixel the gradient and
Slope aspect；And according to preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, the gradient of described current traversal pixel,
Slope aspect, calculates the intensity of illumination of described current traversal pixel；
According to the intensity of illumination of each pixel in described tile DTM raster data, to described tile DTM grid
Lattice data render, and obtain the 2.5 dimension DTM images corresponding with described tile DTM raster data.
Method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that according to the pixel of current traversal upper,
Under, left and right four neighbors, calculate X-direction rate of change and the Y-direction of described current traversal pixel
Rate of change, obtains with specific reference to following formula:
Dz/dx=(f-d)/2*L；
Dz/dy=(h-b)/2*L；
Wherein, dz/dx is the X-direction rate of change currently traveling through pixel, and f is the right side currently traveling through pixel
The height value of neighbor, d is the height value currently traveling through the neighbor on the left of pixel, and L is single picture
The actual geographic length value that sketch is stated；Dz/dy is the Y-direction rate of change currently traveling through pixel, and h is current
The height value of the neighbor below traversal pixel, b is the elevation currently traveling through the neighbor above pixel
Value；
The described slope determining described current traversal pixel according to described X-direction rate of change and Y-direction rate of change
Degree and slope aspect, obtain with specific reference to following formula:
Slope=arctan (k*sqrt [(dz/dx) * (dz/dx)+(dz/dy) * (dz/dy)])；
Wherein, k is preset effect exaggeration factor, and slope is the gradient currently traveling through pixel；
When dz/dx is not equal to 0, the current slope aspect ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx)) traveling through pixel,
When slope aspect ASPECT is less than 0, the slope aspect currently traveling through pixel is adjusted to
ASPECT=2*PI+ASPECT；When dz/dx is equal to 0, if dz/dy is more than 0, then slope aspect
ASPECT=PI/2；If dz/dy is less than 0, then slope aspect ASPECT=1.5*PI, otherwise
ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx))；Wherein, ASPECT is the slope aspect currently traveling through pixel；
Described according to preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, the gradient of described current traversal pixel,
Slope aspect, calculates the intensity of illumination of described current traversal pixel, obtains with specific reference to following formula:
Intensity of illumination is:
255*(cos(azimuth_angle)*slope+sin(azimuth_angle)*sin(ASPECT)*
cos(zenith_angle-ASPECT))；
Wherein, zenith_angle is preset solar azimuth, and azimuth_angle is that the preset sun is high
Degree angle.
6. the digital terrain model DTM data generating device of an electronic chart, it is characterised in that bag
Include:
First processing unit, is used for obtaining DTM raster data, and according to preset tile standard to described
DTM raster data carries out tile cutting, obtains multiple tile DTM raster data；
Converting unit, for for each tile DTM raster data, by described tile DTM grid number
According to being converted to regular triangulation DTM vector data, and use evacuating algorithm to described regular triangulation
DTM vector data carries out taking out dilute, generates triangle irregular network DTM vector data；
Second processing unit, for determining that the summit latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network is relative to described
The relative coordinate of the central point latitude and longitude coordinates of triangle irregular network place tile, stores irregular triangle
The relative coordinate on the summit of grid, and using described triangle irregular network DTM vector data as vast scale
The DTM data that chi electronic chart is corresponding, and store, wherein said large scale refers to greater than preset proportion
The scale of chi threshold value；
3rd processing unit, for for each described tile DTM raster data, generates and tile DTM
The 2.5 dimension DTM images that raster data is corresponding, using described 2.5 dimension DTM images as small scale electricity
The DTM data that sub-map is corresponding, and store, wherein said small scale is meant less than preset equal to described
The scale of scale threshold value.
Generating means the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described for each tile
DTM raster data, is converted to regular triangulation DTM vector by described tile DTM raster data
The converting unit of data, including:
Link block, for for each pixel in each tile DTM raster data, by described pixel
Couple together with the pixel in its upper left corner and the lower right corner, obtain the triangle gridding DTM vector data of rule,
In wherein said regular triangulation DTM vector data, the summit of each triangle gridding is a pixel.
8. according to the generating means described in claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that dilute calculation is taken out in described employing
Described regular triangulation DTM vector data is taken out dilute by method, generates triangle irregular network DTM
The converting unit of vector data, including:
Memory module, for retaining the summit constituting tile in described tile DTM raster data to preset
In set S, wherein said set S is initially empty set；
First spider module, is used for traveling through in described regular triangulation DTM vector data except composition watt
The summit of the regular triangulation outside the summit of sheet, it is judged that the height value on current traversal summit and set S
In the difference of the meansigma methods of the height value on summit that comprises whether more than or equal to preset height threshold value, if then
To currently travel through summit to retain to described set S, if otherwise abandoning described current traversal summit；
First generation module, for using the summit in triangulation articulation set S, generates and does not advises
Then triangle gridding DTM vector data.
Generating means the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described for each described watt
Sheet DTM raster data is respectively processed, and generates the 2.5 dimension DTMs corresponding with tile DTM raster data
3rd processing unit of image, including:
Second spider module, for for each tile DTM raster data, travels through described tile DTM
Each pixel in raster data, processes the pixel of current traversal in the first processing module；
Described first processing module, for four, the upper and lower, left and right phase of the pixel according to current traversal
Adjacent pixel, calculates X-direction rate of change and the Y-direction rate of change of described current traversal pixel；According to described
X-direction rate of change and Y-direction rate of change determine the gradient and the slope aspect of described current traversal pixel；And according to
Preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, the gradient of described current traversal pixel, slope aspect, calculate institute
State the current intensity of illumination traveling through pixel；
Second generation module, is used for according to the intensity of illumination of each pixel in described tile DTM raster data,
Described tile DTM raster data is rendered, obtains corresponding with described tile DTM raster data
2.5 dimension DTM images.
Generating means the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that described first processing module,
Including:
Rate of change calculating sub module is adjacent for four, the upper and lower, left and right of the pixel to current traversal
Pixel, according to dz/dx=(f-d)/2*L and dz/dy=(h-b)/2*L, calculates the X of described current traversal pixel
Direction rate of change and Y-direction rate of change；
Wherein, dz/dx is the X-direction rate of change currently traveling through pixel, and f is the right side currently traveling through pixel
The height value of neighbor, d is the height value currently traveling through the neighbor on the left of pixel, and L is single picture
The actual geographic length value that sketch is stated；Dz/dy is the Y-direction rate of change currently traveling through pixel, and h is current
The height value of the neighbor below traversal pixel, b is the elevation currently traveling through the neighbor above pixel
Value；
The gradient and slope aspect calculating sub module, for becoming based on the described X-direction rate of change obtained and Y-direction
Rate, according to slope=arctan (k*sqrt [(dz/dx) * (dz/dx)+(dz/dy) * (dz/dy)]) determine described currently
The gradient of traversal pixel and slope aspect；
Wherein, k is preset effect exaggeration factor, and slope is the gradient currently traveling through pixel；Work as dz/dx
When being not equal to 0, the current slope aspect ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx)) traveling through pixel, works as slope aspect
When ASPECT is less than 0, the slope aspect currently traveling through pixel is adjusted to ASPECT=2*PI+ASPECT；
When dz/dx is equal to 0, if dz/dy is more than 0, then slope aspect ASPECT=PI/2；If dz/dy is little
In 0, then slope aspect ASPECT=1.5*PI, otherwise ASPECT=atan2 (dz/dy ,-(dz/dx))；Wherein,
ASPECT is the slope aspect currently traveling through pixel；
Illuminometer operator module, for based on preset solar azimuth and sun altitude, Yi Jisuo
State the gradient and slope aspect calculating sub module is calculated the gradient and slope aspect, according to 255*
(cos(azimuth_angle)*slope+sin(azimuth_angle)*sin(ASPECT)*cos(zenith_angle
-ASPECT)), calculate the intensity of illumination of described current traversal pixel；
Wherein, zenith_angle is for presetting solar azimuth, and azimuth_angle is for presetting sun altitude.
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| PCT/CN2016/071452 WO2016116045A1 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2016-01-20 | Method and apparatus for generating digital terrain model data of electronic maps |
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| CN111506679B (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2023-05-26 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Map element data generation and display method and device, medium and equipment |
| CN111506679A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-08-07 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Map element data generation method, map element data display method, map element data generation device, map element data display device, medium, and equipment |
| CN110543533B (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2021-11-02 | 武大吉奥信息技术有限公司 | Method and device for automatically generating basic grid data |
| CN110543533A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-12-06 | 武大吉奥信息技术有限公司 | Method and device for automatically generating basic grid data |
| CN110706341A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-01-17 | 广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院 | High-performance rendering method and device of city information model and storage medium |
| CN110619018A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-27 | 深圳前海微众银行股份有限公司 | Map overlay rarefying method, device, equipment and computer storage medium |
| CN110619018B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2024-07-02 | 深圳前海微众银行股份有限公司 | Map overlay thinning method, device, equipment and computer storage medium |
| CN113066176A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2021-07-02 | 沈阳美行科技有限公司 | Map data processing method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113066178A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2021-07-02 | 沈阳美行科技有限公司 | Map data processing method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113066176B (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2023-07-07 | 沈阳美行科技股份有限公司 | Map data processing method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN113066178B (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2023-08-15 | 沈阳美行科技股份有限公司 | Map data processing method, device, equipment and storage medium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016116045A1 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
| CN105869202B (en) | 2018-11-02 |
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