CN105866004B - A kind of rock permeability coefficient measuring device and method - Google Patents
A kind of rock permeability coefficient measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105866004B CN105866004B CN201610333058.7A CN201610333058A CN105866004B CN 105866004 B CN105866004 B CN 105866004B CN 201610333058 A CN201610333058 A CN 201610333058A CN 105866004 B CN105866004 B CN 105866004B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
- G01N7/10—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing diffusion of components through a porous wall and measuring a pressure or volume difference
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of seepage apparatus of rock transverse direction seepage flow measurement rock permeability coefficient, including specimen appliance system, axial loading system, confining pressure system, gas pressure loading system, servo-control system and computer controller.The specimen appliance system includes rock sample, upper and lower rigid platen, rubber sleeve, annular button；Left and right two side of rubber sleeve respectively there are three hollow feeler and its be in positive relative position；The gas pressure loading system is provided with the hollow steel pipe of the hollow feeler in pluggable two side of rubber sleeve, three steel pipes of air inlet are equipped with the control valve whether control gas flows through from steel pipe, steel pipe is fastened after being inserted into the hollow feeler of rubber sleeve with annular button, prevents gas from escaping from the contact position of steel pipe and rubber sleeve；Test measures rock permeability coefficient using steady state method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the engineering geology technical field such as ground, mining, in particular to a kind of rock transverse direction seepage flow measures rock
The seepage apparatus and test method of stone infiltration coefficient.
Background technique
Crack rock is hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, mining engineering, railway and highway construction project, civil engineering, petroleum
The complex dielectrics frequently encountered in the various engineerings such as engineering, seafari and Development Engineering, the seepage coefficient measurement of rock fracture
It always is forward position and the heat subject of rock mechanics worker research.
The prior art and device, which either pass through steady state method or Transient Method measurement rock permeability coefficient, to be tried in rock
Upper and lower two end of part forms permeable pressure head, and fluid penetrates into the low one end of pressure by rock medium from the high one end of pressure, calculates
Rock permeability coefficient.But rock is not a kind of uniform dielectric, infiltration coefficient is not only related to rock constituent, structure,
And direction difference is permeated, gained rock permeability coefficient also can be different.Secondly fluid used in most of tests is liquid
(water), when liquid passes through duct, the fluid molecule at duct center is higher than the molecule flow velocity of close duct wall surface, closer to hole
Road wall surface, molecule flow velocity get over the raw slippage effect of low yield, i.e. klinkenberg effect.For in rock permeability coefficient measuring device
Fluid selection and seepage direction in terms of, the prior art is directed to mostly using water as percolating medium, while from rock water
It presses a high end face to flow to another low end face of hydraulic pressure, i.e. axial dispersion, carries out the survey of rock side seepage to using gas
Measure rock permeability coefficient seepage apparatus and test method there is not yet.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of seepage flow of rock direction finding seepage flow measurement rock permeability coefficient
Device and test method, while percolating medium is used as using gas (nitrogen), on the downside of the case where avoiding klinkenberg effect
Rock permeability coefficient is measured to seepage flow.
To achieve the above object, the invention patent uses following solution: a kind of rock side seepage measurement rock infiltration
The seepage apparatus of saturating coefficient, including specimen appliance system, axial loading system, confining pressure system, gas pressure loading system, servo
Control system and computer controller, the specimen appliance system include rock sample, upper and lower rigid platen and two sides difference
There are three hollow feeler, transparence and have the rubber sleeve, annular button, the upper and lower rigid platen of favorable elasticity in positive
To position and shape it is identical；Upper rigidity platen is bottom-up, top tips upside down on downwards at the top of rock sample, the bottom of lower rigidity platen
Portion downwards, top be supported on the bottom of rock sample upwards；The hollow feeler of two side of rubber sleeve is also in positive relative position；Institute
The hollow steel pipe that gas pressure loading system is provided with the hollow feeler in pluggable two side of rubber sleeve is stated, three steel pipes of air inlet are equal
Equipped with control valve, for controlling whether gas flows through from steel pipe；Steel pipe uses annular button after being inserted into the hollow feeler of rubber sleeve
Fastening prevents gas from escaping from the contact position of steel pipe and rubber sleeve, is equipped with air gauge at inlet, outlet steel pipe；Test is using steady
State method measures rock permeability coefficient.
The beneficial effect that the present invention generates compared with the prior art is:
1, percolating medium is used as using gas (nitrogen), avoided using liquid as slippage effect caused by percolating medium
It answers.
2, infiltration direction is that side seepage flow to another side from a side of rock, previous seepage direction be from
One end face of rock flows to another end face, and the present invention is surveyed, and rock permeability coefficient also illustrates each of rock from another angle
Anisotropy.
3, production is simple, easy for installation, provides convenience for scientific research.
In short, technical program of the present invention lies in: (1) it is avoided using liquid (such as using gas as percolating medium
Pure water) slippage effect that is generated as percolating medium.(2) seepage direction used in the present invention is to seep from a side of rock
It flow to another side.The different rock permeability coefficients surveyed under identical stress state by two different seepage directions are from another
A angle illustrates the anisotropy of rock permeability coefficient.This is where the advantage and advantage of protrusion of the invention and it is led
Want innovative point.
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the permeability apparatus structural schematic diagram that a kind of rock side seepage of the present invention measures rock permeability coefficient；
Fig. 2 is sample system sectional view of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the relationship of different osmotic difference and infiltration coefficient.
In figure: 1, load cylinder, 2, servo motor, 3, retarder, 4, worm drive pair, 5, piston, 6, confining pressure sensing
Device, 7, rubber sleeve, 8, the hollow feeler in rubber sleeve left side, 9, left side annular button, 10, the hollow feeler in rubber sleeve right side, 11, radial direction
Elasticity modulus, 12, axial displacement extensometer, 13, upper rigid platen, 14, lower rigid platen, 15, bearing plate, 16, pedestal,
17, pneumatic cylinder, 18, flow sensor I, 19, air gauge I, 20, air gauge II, 21, flow sensor II, 22, air reservoir, 23,
Axial force sensor, 24, loading axis, 25, rock sample, 26, three axocoels, 27, data line I, 28, data line II, 29, data line
III, 30, data line IV, 31, data line V, 32, data line VI, 33, valve I, 34, valve II, 35, valve III, 36, valve
IV, 37, valve V, 38, valve VI, 39, valve VII, 40, right circular button, 41, computer controller, 42, heating coil,
43, temperature sensor, 44, data line VII, 45, stiffness bearer, 46, bedding joint face.
Specific embodiment
Referring to attached drawing 1, a kind of rock transverse direction seepage flow measurement rock permeability ratio test device, including specimen appliance system,
Axle power loading system, confining pressure system, gas pressure loading system, servo-control system and computer controller, the specimen appliance
System includes rock sample 25, upper rigid platen 13, lower rigid platen 14, transparence and the rubber sleeve 7 with favorable elasticity, rubber
Three hollow feelers 8 on the left of gum cover, three hollow feelers 10 on the right side of rubber sleeve, left side annular button 9, right circular button 40,
The upper rigid platen 13 is in positive relative position with lower rigid platen 14 and shape is identical；Upper rigidity platen 13 is bottom-up, pushes up
Portion tips upside down on downwards 25 top of rock sample, and the bottom of lower rigidity platen 14 is downward, top is supported on rock sample 25 upwards
Bottom；The hollow feeler 8 and 10 of 7 two side of rubber sleeve is also in positive relative position；The gas pressure loading system is provided with
Can be inserted into rubber sleeve 7 the hollow feeler 8 and 10 in two sides hollow steel pipe, three steel pipes of air inlet be equipped with control valve 34,
35,36, for controlling whether gas flows through from steel pipe；Steel pipe uses annular button 9 after being inserted into the hollow feeler 8 and 10 of rubber sleeve 7
It with 40 fastenings, prevents gas from escaping from the contact position of steel pipe and rubber sleeve 7, is equipped with air gauge I19, gas at inlet, outlet steel pipe
Press Table II 20 and flow sensor I18 and flow sensor II21；The steel pipe end surface of hollow feeler 8 is on the left of insertion rubber sleeve
Arc guarantees steel pipe and the perfect fitting of rock sample 25.Test measures rock permeability coefficient using steady state method.
Specimen appliance system includes the columned rubber sleeve 7 with transparent hollow feeler, rock sample 25, annular button
9 and 40, stiffness bearer 45, rock sample 25 is horizontal layer rock and its bedding joint face is 46.As shown in Fig. 1, rubber is used
Gum cover 7 places it between rigid platen 13 and lower rigid platen 14 after packaging rock sample 25, then is integrally placed at just
On property cushion block 45.
It includes axial force sensor 23, loading axis 24, three axocoels 26, bearing plate 15, pedestal 16 that axis, which presses loading system,.By adding
The up and down motion for carrying axis 24 is loaded and is unloaded axial stress to rock sample 25, and the axial force sensor 23 in loading axis 24 will
The size detection of axle power comes out and is transmitted in computer controller 41, and loading axis 24 acts on rigid platen 13, by upper rigid
Property platen 13 apply axle power to rock sample 25.
Confining pressure system includes three axis self-balancing pressure chambers and confining pressure loading system.Specimen appliance system is placed in three axis self-balancings
Pressure chamber, three axis self-balancing pressure chambers are connected with confining pressure loading system by oil pipe, and effect is enclosed to the application of rock sample 25
Pressure, the load of confining pressure is realized by load cylinder 1, and the instruction rotation that servo motor 2 is issued according to Testing Software is by subtracting
Fast machine 3 drives the movement band piston 5 of worm drive pair 4 to move along a straight line to adjust in-oil cylinder pressure, is mounted on load cylinder 1
The confining pressure sensor 6 of oil outlet detects oil pressure, is transmitted in computer controller 41, measuring signal of the computer controller 41 pressure
It is handled, and is compared with the pressure data of setting, then provide deviation correcting signal, make the pressure of the pressure value applied and setting
Force value reaches unanimity.
Pneumatic cylinder 17 can change gas pressure size at any time in gas pressure systems, and flow sensor I18 can be recorded in real time
Seepage flow air inlet air pressure size is adjusted by pneumatic cylinder 17 in gas flow size.Gas passes through insertion specimen appliance system
The steel pipe seepage flow of the hollow feeler 8 in three, left side of rubber sleeve 7 enters the bedding joint face 46 of rock sample 25, and passes through insertion
The steel pipe of the hollow feeler 10 in three, right side of the rubber sleeve 7 of specimen appliance system enters air reservoir 22.Air gauge I19 and air pressure
20 real-time monitoring air inlet and air outlet gas pressure size of Table II, gas flow sensor I18 and gas flow sensor
II21 records inlet, outlet gas flow size in real time, and is fed back to computer controller 41.
Temperature system includes heating coil 42, temperature sensor 43.Heating coil 42 is utilized by the wall surface of three axocoels 26 of heating
Heat transfer heats silicone oil in three axocoels (applying liquid used in confining pressure) temperature, to heat to test specimen.Pass through temperature sensor
Temperature in 43 real-time detection, three axocoel 26, and fed back to computer controller 41 and instruction in next step is made to software.
Data collection system include gas flow and pressure, the axial deformation of rock sample 25 and radial deformation, confining pressure and
The acquisition of the data such as axis pressure, confining pressure temperature passes through the flow sensor I 18 and computer controller 41 of gas pressure loading system
It is connected, acquires gas flow data in real time；Pass through axial displacement extensometer 12 and radial displacement extensometer 11 and computer controller
41 are connected, and acquire the axial deformation data and radial deformation data of rock sample 25 in real time；The axle power of loading system is pressed by axis
Sensor 23 is connected with computer controller 41, acquires axis in real time and presses data；Confining pressure sensor 6 and computer control by confining pressure system
Device 41 processed is connected, and acquires confining pressure data in real time；It is connected by temperature sensor 43 with computer controller 41, acquisition was tested in real time
Temperature variation data in journey.During the test, computer records the axial deformation and radial direction of gas flow, rock sample 25 in real time
Deformation, confining pressure and axis pressure.
A kind of experimental provision embodiment of rock transverse direction seepage flow measurement rock permeability coefficient of the present invention:
(1) sillar processing being polished to rock sample test piece 25, the size of rock sample 25 is diameter 50mm, height 100mm,
Test specimen 25 is entangled with the rubber sleeve 7 that diameter is 45mm, length is 110mm, the rock sample 25 of rubber sleeve 7 will be put on as under
The top of rigid platen 14, then upper rigid platen 13 is tipped upside down on to the upper surface of rock sample 25, it is last whole as rigid pad
On block 45, in two side of left and right of the rubber sleeve 7 of 25 housing of rock sample test piece, hollow feeler 8 and 10 is inserted into steel pipe, and with annular button 9
With 40 fastenings, radial displacement transducer 11 is installed at middle part, to measure the radial deformation of rock sample test piece 25, in upper and lower rigid platen
13 and 14 setting shaft position sensors 12, to measure the axial deformation of rock sample test piece 25, by radial displacement extensometer 11 and axis
It is connected respectively by data line I27, data line II28 and computer controller 41 to elasticity modulus 12.
(2) pipeline of confining pressure system, gas pressure loading system and confining pressure temperature control system is connected, gas outlet
Gas is stored in air reservoir 22, by axial force sensor 23, temperature sensor 43, flow sensor I18, flow sensor II21,
Axial displacement extensometer 12, radial displacement extensometer 11, confining pressure sensor 6 are connected with computer controller 41 respectively.
(3) rock sample 25 is loaded and is unloaded axial stress, loading axis 24 by the up and down motion of loading axis 24
On axial force sensor 23 size detection of axle power is come out and is transmitted in computer controller 41, loading axis 24 acts on just
Property platen 13, apply axle power to rock sample 25.When confining pressure loading system is in 1 oil sources abundance of load cylinder, valve is opened
VII39 applies confining pressure to rock sample 25 by the linear motion of piston 5.
(4) valve VII39 is closed after completing above-mentioned steps, in pneumatic cylinder 17 when gas abundance, valve I 33 is closed and passes through
Temperature sensor 43 measures temperature in three axocoels 26, when cavity pressure and temperature reach design value, and works as the number of air gauge I19
Value opens valve I33 and valve V 37 when reaching preset value, selectively opened valve II34, valve III35, valve IV36 are real
Existing gas flow, gas penetrate into the bedding joint face 46 of rock sample 25, and ooze out gas and enter air reservoir 22, air gauge I19
Air inlet/outlet gas pressure P is detected respectively with air pressure Table II 20Into、POut, computer controller 41, which records, flows through the stream of rock sample 25
Q is measured, rock permeability coefficient is calculated by following formulaWherein L takes 50mm, A to take 0.005mm2。
It is further described below by an example:
Selection sample is Hunan Ningxiang coal dam maokou limestone, and sample weight is 423.89g, diameter 49.95mm, and length is
101.03mm, percolating medium are nitrogen, are keeping confining pressure σ2σ is pressed with axis1In the case where constant, different osmotic difference p is studied to rock
The influence (being shown in Table 1) of stone osmotic coefficient k, obtained experimental result handle (see Fig. 3) with Origin.
As shown in Figure 3: the constant i.e. axis of the stress state locating for the test specimen presses σ1With confining pressure σ2When remaining unchanged, the infiltration of rock
Saturating coefficient k increases with the increase of permeable pressure head p.
Table 1: influence of the different osmotic difference p to rock permeability coefficient k.
| Axis presses σ1/MPa | Confining pressure σ2/MPa | Permeable pressure head p/MPa | Osmotic coefficient k/(10-9m/s) |
| 8 | 5 | 2 | 7.68 |
| 8 | 5 | 3 | 7.94 |
| 8 | 5 | 4 | 8.32 |
Claims (4)
1. a kind of rock transverse direction seepage flow measures rock permeability ratio test device, which is characterized in that including specimen appliance system, axis
Force loading system, confining pressure system, gas pressure loading system, servo-control system and computer controller；
The specimen appliance system includes rock sample (25), upper rigid platen (13), lower rigid platen (14), transparence and tool
Have the rubber sleeve (7) of favorable elasticity, the hollow feeler in left side (8) of rubber sleeve (7), rubber sleeve (7) the hollow feeler in right side (10),
Left side annular button (9), right circular button (40), the upper rigid platen (13) and lower rigid platen (14) align in positive
It sets and shape is identical；Upper rigidity platen (13) is bottom-up, top tips upside down on downwards at the top of rock sample (25), lower rigidity platen
(14) bottom downwards, top be supported on the bottoms of rock sample (25) upwards；The hollow feeler of rubber sleeve (7) two sides
It (8,10) is also in positive relative position；
The gas pressure loading system is provided with the hollow steel pipe of the hollow feeler in pluggable rubber sleeve (7) two sides, air inlet
Steel pipe is equipped with control valve, for controlling whether gas flows through from steel pipe；It is used after the hollow feeler of steel pipe insertion rubber sleeve (7)
Annular button (9,40) fastening, prevents gas from escaping from the contact position of steel pipe and rubber sleeve (7), is equipped at inlet, outlet steel pipe
Air gauge I (19), air gauge II (20) and flow sensor I (18) and flow sensor II (21)；It is inserted into rubber sleeve (7)
The steel pipe end surface of hollow feeler is arc, guarantees steel pipe and the perfect fitting of rock sample (25).
2. experimental rig according to claim 1, which is characterized in that measure rock permeability coefficient using steady state method.
3. experimental rig according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the size of cylindrical rock sample (25) is Φ 50mm
× 100mm, and there are horizontal layer joint plane (46).
4. experimental rig according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Gas seepage medium used is nitrogen.
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| CN201610333058.7A CN105866004B (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2016-05-19 | A kind of rock permeability coefficient measuring device and method |
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| CN106198351B (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2023-10-20 | 北京邮电大学 | Cereal seepage coefficient testing device and method |
| CN109100487A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-28 | 西安科技大学 | The loaded coal containing methane gas Rock At Low Temperatures environment seepage flow creep of three axis and experiment of machanics system |
| CN110231269B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2024-03-01 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Visual true triaxial loading and unloading seepage test equipment for clay rock |
| CN111157428B (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2024-07-26 | 河海大学 | Method for measuring rock permeability before and after grouting |
| CN112557203B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-08-16 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | Hot hydraulic coupling triaxial test method for fractured rock |
| CN112816389B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-06-21 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Multidirectional multilayer full-diameter fracture core seepage simulation device and application thereof |
| CN113029896A (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2021-06-25 | 中海油能源发展股份有限公司 | Full-diameter visual core radial flow clamping device and method |
| CN113029897A (en) * | 2021-02-20 | 2021-06-25 | 中海油能源发展股份有限公司 | Visual full-diameter seepage simulation device and method |
| CN115420667B (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-05-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Clamping device and method for measuring anisotropic permeability of layered rock |
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