CN105850027A - Brushless motor and wiper device, motor device and motor device control method - Google Patents

Brushless motor and wiper device, motor device and motor device control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105850027A
CN105850027A CN201480071145.9A CN201480071145A CN105850027A CN 105850027 A CN105850027 A CN 105850027A CN 201480071145 A CN201480071145 A CN 201480071145A CN 105850027 A CN105850027 A CN 105850027A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
electric machine
timing
electrical angle
rotor
energising
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201480071145.9A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
安中智彦
田中裕人
小岛直希
古泽透
小林知史
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsuba Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsuba Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2013267084A external-priority patent/JP6239377B2/en
Priority claimed from JP2013267085A external-priority patent/JP6239378B2/en
Application filed by Mitsuba Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Mitsuba Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
Publication of CN105850027A publication Critical patent/CN105850027A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/10—Arrangements for controlling torque ripple, e.g. providing reduced torque ripple
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/06—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive
    • B60S1/08—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/06—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive
    • B60S1/16—Means for transmitting drive
    • B60S1/166—Means for transmitting drive characterised by the combination of a motor-reduction unit and a mechanism for converting rotary into oscillatory movement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

A brushless motor (18) in which current is supplied to coils (U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2) to rotate a rotor (27) is provided with a drive device (37) that switches between, and executes, the following: a first energization control in which energization of the coils (U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2) is begun at a first timing, and energization is continued over a first time period to control the rotation speed of the rotor (27); and a second energization control in which energization of the coils (U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2) is begun at a second timing the electrical angle of which is more advanced than the first timing, and energization is continued over a second time period which is longer than the first time period to control the rotation speed of the rotor (27).

Description

Brushless electric machine and the control method of wiper device, electric machine and electric machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to possess stator and rotor and the brushless electric machine of rotation number of rotor can be controlled And wiper device.
The present invention relates to the motor possessing the detection sensor of the phase place in the direction of rotation of detection rotor Device and the control method of electric machine.
Background technology
Patent documentation 1～3 has been recorded an example of existing motor.Described in patent documentation 1,2 Motor is band brush motor, possesses the magnet as magnetic field (stator) and rotatably being fixed on housing It is arranged on the interior rotor as armature of housing.It addition, rotor has the core of convolute coil and connects coil Commutator.Further, have the shared brush of contact rectification, low-speed running brush, run up use Brush.
Respectively brush in the direction of rotation of rotor, be configured in different phase places, to these brush supply electric power Path on be respectively arranged with switch element.Then, by connecting (ON) or disconnecting (OFF) respectively Switch element, thus switch the brush of electric current to be supplied, low speed or the rotation number of High-speed Control rotor.
Motor described in patent documentation 3 does not possess brush, including being arranged on interior the determining as armature of housing Son (stator) and can be rotatably set in the interior rotor as magnetic field of housing.Stator have stator core with And it is wound in the coil of stator core.Coil has supply three-phase i.e. U phase, V phase, the excitation of W phase Three coils of electric current, each coil staggers phase place in the direction of rotation of rotor and configures.
Further, it is provided with and is connected to the switch element of each coil.Then, each by alternately switching The on/off of switch element, and control the dutycycle as the ratio connected, thus wired to institute Circle supplies electric current with staggering timing (timing), controls the rotation number of rotor.
On the other hand, patent documentation 4 has been recorded an example of existing electric machine.Patent documentation 4 Described in electric machine possess brushless electric machine, changer (inverter) circuit, control circuit and Speed controlling operational part etc..Brushless electric machine has and is mounted with turning of permanet magnet and sensor magnet Son and be arranged on the stator of outer circumferential side of rotor.Stator has magnetic core and the correspondence of stacked steel plate etc. It is wound in the three-phase i.e. U phase of magnetic core, V phase, three coils of W phase.
It addition, converter circuit connects/interdict three coils and power supply, converter circuit possesses the most right Answer switch element and the negative pole switch element of the positive pole of U phase, V phase, W phase.Further, Control circuit is separately beaten on/off and is closed these switch elements.
And then, according to the intensity in the magnetic field formed by sensor magnet, the detection sensing of output signal Device correspondence U phase, V phase, W phase and arrange three.Three detection sensors are with mechanical angle 120 ° Interval is arranged in the outside of sensor magnet.Additionally, the input of speed controlling operational part is from detection sensor The signal of output, and control the on/off of the switch element of converter circuit.
The electric machine that patent documentation 4 is recorded controls the on/off of multiple switch elements, in regulation Timing, to three coil supply electric currents, forms rotating excitation field by three coils, and rotor rotates.It addition, At speed controlling operational part, according to the detection sensor output subscribed from three detection sensors Signal, detection rotor rotatable phase, and according to detection rotatable phase, control multiple switch unit The on/off timing of part.
Therefore, for the detection sensor subscribed, even if the installation of other two detection sensors There is error in position, it is also possible in preferably energising timing to three coil electricities, it is possible to suitably control The rotation number of rotor processed.
Citation
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2007-202391 publication
Patent documentation 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2007-143278 publication
Patent documentation 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2010-93977 publication
Patent documentation 4: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2003-47277 publication
Summary of the invention
In that motor described in above-mentioned patent documentation 1～3, it is not limited to band brush, brushless, According to control condition, there is the problem that the torque ripple of rotor increases.
It is an object of the invention to provide the brushless electric machine of the torque ripple that can suppress rotor and scrape Water heater device.
In the brushless electric machine described in above-mentioned patent documentation 4, three inspections are effectively applied flexibly hardly Survey the signal of sensor, also room for improvement.
It is an object of the invention to provide rotatable phase multiple that can effectively utilize detection rotor The electric machine of the signal of detection sensor and motor control method.
The brushless electric machine of the present invention is the brushless electric machine that rotor rotates to coil supply electric current, described nothing Brush motor possesses control portion, and described control portion performs switching the first energising and controls to control with the second energising, In described first energising controls, start to described coil electricity in the first timing, and across first period Continue energising and control the rotation number of described rotor, in described second energising controls, with described the Compare the second timing entering angle with electrical angle time certain, start to described coil electricity and described across ratio The second phase of first period length continues energising, and controls the rotation number of described rotor.
In the brushless electric machine of the present invention, described second timing relative to described first timing with electrical angle Angle is entered by 30 °.
In the brushless electric machine of the present invention, described first period is electrical angle 120 °, the described second phase It is electrical angle more than 135 ° and electrical angle less than 165 °.
In the brushless electric machine of the present invention, described rotor possesses: armature spindle, is provided with at outer peripheral face and turns Sub-core；And 4 permanet magnets of pole, the circumferencial direction along described armature spindle is arranged in described rotor core Outer peripheral face, be provided with the stator possessing multiple described coils in the outside of described rotor, multiple described Coil is provided with 6 grooves on the circumferencial direction of described armature spindle at spaced intervals.
The wiper device of the present invention has: above-mentioned brushless electric machine；And wiper, it is passed described The power of the rotor of brushless electric machine and action, whisk off the front glass of vehicle.
Described wiper device is provided with pattern switching part, and the switching of described pattern switching part selects with predetermined Speed make the low-speed mode of described wiper action make with the high speed compared with described low-speed mode The fast mode of described wiper action, described control portion, when selecting described fast mode, performs institute State the second energising to control.
The electric machine of the present invention is the electric machine that rotor rotates to multiple coils supply electric current, its Have: multiple switch elements, be respectively turned on or disconnect the electric current in multiple described coils and supply Path；Multiple detection sensors, are arranged on phase place different from each other in the direction of rotation of described rotor, And detect the phase place of the direction of rotation of described rotor, produce output signal；Signal correction portion, by multiple The output signal of any one the detection sensor in described detection sensor, as reference signal, revises it He detects the output signal of sensor；And element control portion, according to described reference signal and correction After described output signal, be respectively turned on or disconnect multiple described switch element.
In the electric machine of the present invention, described element control portion performs switching the first energising and controls and the Two-way electric control, in described first energising controls, starts to lead to multiple described coils in the first timing Electricity, controls the output of rotor, in described second energising controls, only enters angle from than described first timing Second timing of the electrical angle of regulation, to multiple described coil electricities, controls the output of rotor.
In the electric machine of the present invention, described element control portion performs threeway electric control, described In threeway electric control, across time of being persistently energized of coil described in controlling than the second energising long time Between, to described coil electricity.
The electric machine of the present invention be provided with installation multiple switch elements, multiple described detection sensor, Described signal correction portion and the control substrate in described element control portion.
In the electric machine of the present invention, described rotor possesses: armature spindle, is provided with at outer peripheral face and turns Sub-core；And 4 permanet magnets of pole, the circumferencial direction along described armature spindle is arranged in described rotor core Outer peripheral face, be provided with the stator possessing multiple described coils in the outside of described rotor, multiple described Coil is provided with 6 grooves at spaced intervals at the circumferencial direction of described armature spindle.
Described electric machine is provided with the front glass that the moment of torsion of described rotor is delivered to whisk off vehicle The Poewr transmission mechanism of wiper.
The control method of the electric machine of the present invention includes first step and second step, at first step In, control the output of above-mentioned rotor, by any one the detection sensor in multiple described detection sensors Output signal as reference signal, revise the output signal of other detection sensors, at second step In, according to described reference signal and revised described output signal, it is respectively turned on or disconnects many Individual described switch element.
Invention effect
Brushless electric machine according to the present invention and wiper device, it is possible to the torque ripple of suppression rotor.
Electric machine according to the present invention and the control method of electric machine, according to a detection sensing The signal of device, revises the signal of other detection sensors, owing to can detect with multiple detection sensors The rotatable phase of rotor, therefore, it is possible to effectively utilize the signal of multiple detection sensor.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the showing of example illustrating the wiper device that the brushless electric machine of the present invention is applicable to vehicle It is intended to.
Fig. 2 is the schematic plan of the brushless electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic side elevational view of the brushless electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of the brushless electric machine of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the concept map of the armature of the brushless electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the concept map of the armature of the brushless electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the block diagram of the control system of the brushless electric machine illustrating the present invention.
(A)～(C) of Fig. 8 be illustrate with the brushless electric machine of the present invention be able to carry out first lead to The figure of one example of electric control～threeway electric control.
Fig. 9 is the figure of the characteristic of the brushless electric machine illustrating the present invention.
(A), (B) of Figure 10 is to close between moment of torsion and rotation number in the brushless electric machine illustrating the present invention The line diagram of system.
Figure 11 is the figure of the torque ripple rate of the brushless electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Figure 12 is the figure of the sound pressure characteristic of the brushless electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Figure 13 is the figure of the waveform during brushless electric machine energising illustrating the present invention.
Figure 14 is the figure of the sound pressure characteristic of the brushless electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Figure 15 is the example of the driving illustrating the wiper device that the electric machine of the present invention is used for vehicle The schematic diagram of son.
Figure 16 is the block diagram of the control system of the electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Figure 17 is the drive pattern of the first energising control of the electric machine execution being shown in the present invention (pattern) time diagram.
Figure 18 is the drive pattern of the first energising control of the electric machine execution being shown in the present invention Time diagram.
Figure 19 is the drive pattern of the second energising control of the electric machine execution being shown in the present invention Time diagram.
Figure 20 is the drive pattern of the threeway electric control of the electric machine execution being shown in the present invention Time diagram.
Figure 21 is the time diagram of the waveform of the signal of the detection sensor of the electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Figure 22 is the time diagram of the waveform of the signal of the detection sensor of the electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Figure 23 is the time diagram of the waveform of the signal of the detection sensor of the electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Figure 24 is the time diagram of the waveform of the signal of the detection sensor of the electric machine illustrating the present invention.
Figure 25 is the flow chart illustrating the control example being able to carry out with the electric machine of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
(embodiment 1)
Vehicle 10 shown in Fig. 1 has front glass 11.Further, vehicle 10 has wiping front glass First wiper device 12 and second wiper device 13 of 11.First wiper device 12 He Second wiper device 13 is arranged in positions different on the width of vehicle 10.Owing to first scrapes Water heater device 12 and the second wiper device 13 are the most symmetrical structure, therefore following for For the sake of Fang Bian, the first wiper device 12 is described.First wiper device 12 has with a pivot 14 Centered by the Wiper arm 15 that swings and the Wiper blade 16 being installed on Wiper arm 15.It addition, the One wiper device 12 has the electric machine 17 as driving means driving Wiper arm 15.Electricity Machine 17 possesses brushless electric machine 18 and transmits the subtracting of power of brushless electric machine 18 to pivot 14 Speed mechanism 19.
Brushless electric machine 18 is constituted as shown in Figure 2 to 4.The brushless electric machine 18 of present embodiment Having the electric machine casing 20 having round-ended cylinder shape, the inner circumferential at electric machine casing 20 is provided with as stator Armature 21.Armature 21 have stator core 22 and the armature coil V1 being wound in stator core 22, V2、U1、U2、W1、W2.The metallic plate of stator core 22 laminated conductive forms, at stator core The inner circumferential of 22 is provided spaced apart multiple at circumferencial direction, is 6 T-piece (テ ィ specifically ース)23.Armature coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 wrap around 6 T-shaped Part 23.
Armature coil V1, V2 correspondence V phase, armature coil U1, U2 correspondence U phase, armature line Circle W1, W2 correspondence W phase.Further, in the diagram, clockwise, according to electricity along armature 21 Pivot coil U1, armature coil V1, armature coil W1, armature coil U2, armature coil V2, The order of armature coil W2 is arranged.Armature coil V1 and V2, armature coil U1 and U2, Armature coil W1 and W2, the phase place during energising is different from each other.
It addition, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the end Ua and armature coil W2 of armature coil U1 End Ub by terminal 24 wiring.Further, the end Vb of armature coil U2 and armature coil The end Va of V1 passes through terminal 25 wiring.Additionally, the end Wa of armature coil W1 and armature line The end Wb of circle V2 is by terminal 26 wiring.So, as the wiring structure of 6 armature coils, Radio set 18 uses delta connection.
On the other hand, brushless electric machine 18 has rotor 27, and rotor 27 is arranged on the inner side of armature 21. Brushless electric machine 18 is the structure that rotor 27 is arranged in the internal tooth wheel shape of the inner side of the armature 21 as stator Make.Rotor 27 has armature spindle 28 and fixing via rotor core 30 in the periphery of armature spindle 28 Permanet magnet 29N, 29S of 4 poles.The polarity of 2 permanet magnet 29N is N pole, 2 permanent magnetic The polarity of stone 29S is S pole, and permanet magnet 29N and permanet magnet 29S is along the circumference of armature spindle 28 Direction alternately configures.Brushless electric machine 18 be the number of permanet magnet be 4 poles, the armature line number of turns is 6 Root, 4 pole 6 groove structures.
So, brushless electric machine 18 is SPM (Surface Permanent Magnet: surface permanent magnetic Body) structure.SPM structure secure permanet magnet 29N, 29S at the outer peripheral face of rotor core 30 and Become.Rotor core 30 is shaped by the magnetic material of ferrum class.Further, armature spindle 28 is by multiple bearings 49 Rotatably it is supported by.
On the other hand, electric machine 17 possesses the gear housing 31 accommodating reducing gear 19, gear hub Body 31 and electric machine casing 20 are fixed by not shown secure component.The length direction of armature spindle 28 A part is arranged in the inside of electric machine casing 20, and remaining is partly arranged in gear housing 31.Turn The periphery of the part being arranged in gear housing 31 of sub-axle 28 is formed with worm screw 32.Gear housing Worm gear 33 it is provided with in 31.Gear 33a, gear 33a and snail it is formed with in the periphery of this worm gear 33 Bar 32 engages.
Propping up pivot 14 and worm gear 33 to configure with heart shaped, a pivot 14 and worm gear 33 rotate integratedly. Worm screw 32 and gear 33a are the reducing gears 19 of present embodiment.This reducing gear 19 is when turning When the power of son 27 is delivered to prop up pivot 14, make the rotation number (output rotation number) of a pivot 14 Mechanism less than the rotation number (input rotation number) of rotor 27.The rotation number of present embodiment is every The rotation number of unit interval, with rotary speed synonym.
Further, in figure 3, the top in gear housing 31 is provided with not shown axis hole.Pivot The end of the opposition side of the end of the fixing worm gear 33 of axle 14 is exposed via the axis hole of gear housing 31 To outside.Wiper arm 15 connects the part of the outside exposed to gear housing 31 of a pivot 14.
On the other hand, being arranged in gear housing 31 everywhere at armature spindle 28, sensing is installed Device magnet 34.Sensor magnet 34 and armature spindle 28 rotate integratedly.Sensor magnet 34 is circle Barrel shape, sensor magnet 34 replaces the most side by side along the circumferencial direction of armature spindle 28 with N pole and S pole By magnetic.
The part with axis hole opposition side in gear housing 31 is provided with peristome.This peristome in order to Worm gear 33, a pivot 14 etc. is made to insert the inside of gear housing 31 and be formed.Then, blocking is set The lower cover 35 of peristome.Lower cover 35 has pallet shape, by this lower cover 35 and gear housing 31 spaces surrounded are provided with control substrate 36.
As it is shown in fig. 7, be provided with the driving means 37 controlling brushless electric machine 18 at this control substrate 36. Driving means 37 has control to 6 armature coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 energisings Converter circuit 38.Converter circuit 38 is connected to terminal 24,25,26.It addition, at lower cover 35 are provided with adapter 39, are connected to adapter by being connected to the feed cable of external power source 40 39, thus external power source 40 and converter circuit 38 are connected.External power source 40 includes being equipped on The battery of vehicle 10 or capacitor etc..
It addition, converter circuit 38 possess by external power source 40 and 6 armature coil V1, V2, Multiple switch element 38a that U1, U2, W1, W2 connect respectively or interdict.Multiple switch elements 38a is such as consisted of semiconductor elements such as FET.More particularly, including corresponding U phase, V phase, W phase and the switch element of three side of the positive electrode that the positive pole of external power source 40 connects and corresponding U phase, The switch element of three negative side that V phase, W phase are connected with the negative side of external power source 40.Multiple Switch element 38a total is provided with 6.
If connecting (connection) switch element 38a, then from external power source 40 to armature coil supply electricity Stream.On the other hand, if blocking (disconnection) switch element 38a, then from external power source 40 to armature Coil does not supply electric current.Further, there are the multiple switch element 38a of switching in converter circuit 38 connection The control circuit (controller) 50 of on and off.
This control circuit 50 is to possess the known microcomputer such as CPU, RAM, ROM.Separately Outward, driving means 37 has pwm signal generation circuit 51, pwm signal generation circuit 51 Signal is imported into control circuit 50.The output of this control circuit 50 controls three negative side switch elements Driving signal, at this driving signal overlap pwm signal.That is, three negative side switch elements lead to Cross PWM to control to drive, connect intermittently during each energising.Then, by controlling three negative poles The ratio that side switch element is respectively turned on, i.e. controls dutycycle, thus controls to be supplied to 6 armature lines The current value of circle V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2.In other words, whole for can be energized Period, it is possible to increase and decrease between 0%～100% to 6 armature coil V1, V2, U1, U2, During W1, W2 give the energising of electricity.Further, control circuit 50 storage is used for controlling brushless electric machine 18 The data of rotation number of rotor 27, program etc..
Additionally, present embodiment brushless electric machine 18 control switching switch element 38a connection and Disconnect, by the reversion direction to 6 armature coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 energisings, Rotor 27 positive and negative rotation can be made.If switch on switch element 38a, connect external power source the most respectively 40 and armature coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2, if off switch element 38a, then Blocking external power source 40 and armature coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 respectively.
Control the substrate 36 first axle A1 for a pivot 14 along vertical in-plane configuration. First axle A1 is to prop up center when pivot 14 rotates.Controlling substrate 36,3 detections are installed Sensor 41,42,43.3 detection sensors 41,42,43 are all hole IC, and 3 detections pass Sensor 41,42,43 is fixed on control substrate 36 in a non-contact manner with sensor magnet 34.As Controlling in the top view of substrate 36 shown in Fig. 2,3 detection sensors 41,42,43 are at rotor Axle 28 and the direction reported to the leadship after accomplishing a task of the second axis B1 arranged side by side.Second axis B1 is that armature spindle 28 rotates Time center.
In the direction along the second axis B1, the configuration scope of 3 detection sensors 41,42,43 At least overlapping in a part with the configuration scope of sensor magnet 34.Further, as it is shown on figure 3, such as Fruit supposes to control substrate 36 horizontal arrangement, then a detection sensor 42 is arranged in the second axis B1 Underface.3 detection sensors 41,42,43 are arranged at equal intervals reports to the leadship after accomplishing a task with the second axis B1 Direction.It addition, detection sensor 42 be arranged in detection sensor 41 and detection sensor 43 it Between.
If 3 detection sensor 41,42,43 rotors 27 rotate and the magnetic pole of sensor magnet 34 Mobile then switch motion, 3 detection sensors 41,42,43 produce independent switching signal respectively and (connect On/off ON signal).Control circuit 50 according to the switching signal of 3 detection sensors 41,42,43, The anglec of rotation and the rotation number of rotor 27 can be detected.Further, the indoor setting at vehicle 10 is scraped Hydrophone switch 44, if driver's operation wiper control 44 selects low-speed mode or fast mode, Then the operation signal of wiper control 44 is imported into control circuit 50.Additionally, arrange detection vehicle The vehicle speed sensor 45 of the travel speed of 10, the detection signal of vehicle speed sensor 45 inputs to controlling electricity Road 50.
The operation signal according to wiper control 44, vehicle speed sensor is prestored in control circuit 50 The various conditions such as the detection signal of 45, the action load of Wiper arm 15, control on/off conversion The timing of switch element 38a of device circuit 38, the number of persistent period etc. of ON switch element 38a According to, arithmetic expression etc..Specifically, the action load of Wiper arm 15 can from detection sensor 41, 42, the signal of 43 is inferred.
Such as, select fast mode, try to achieve and fast mode should reach the target of Wiper arm 15 stroke Wipe the target rotation number of the rotor 27 of speed, carry out the control that is energized, so that the real rotation number of rotor 27 Become target rotation number.Here, when the real rotation number of rotor 27 does not become the feelings of target rotation number Under condition, it is possible to infer and born by the action of the Wiper arms such as snow 15 action resistance, i.e. Wiper arm 15 Lotus increases.
It addition, if speed is different, then the blast being subject to due to Wiper arm 15 changes, and therefore scrapes The action load of hydrophone arm 15 is different.If it addition, the angle of inclination of front glass 11 is different, then by The blast being subject in Wiper arm 15 changes, and the action load of Wiper arm 15 is different.Front glass 11 Angle of inclination represent with the angle of inclination of the acute side for horizontal plane front glass 11.Further, as Really the length of Wiper blade 16 is different, then the action load of Wiper arm 15 is different.
Additionally, arrange installation portion 46 at multiple such as 3 in gear housing 31, at installation portion 46 respectively It is provided with axis hole.It addition, the axis hole at installation portion 46 is separately installed with padded coaming 47.Fender Material 47 is the synthetic rubber of ring-type shaping, and screw part is inserted into the hole 47a of padded coaming 47, electricity Machine 17 is installed in car body 48.
Then, it is described separately and passes through in the first wiper device 12 and the second wiper device 13 The control example that brushless electric machine 18 is able to carry out.By the operation signal of wiper control 44 or scrape Condition outside the operation signal of hydrophone switch 44, controls the on/off of multiple switch element 38a. It addition, control circuit 50 is according to the detection signal of 3 detection sensors 41,42,43, infers and turn The position of rotation of son 27, i.e. infers the angle of direction of rotation, carries out position of rotation based on rotor 27 Energising control.In other words with electrical angle, the angle that i.e. ohmic heatingp specifies one by one each phase is in turn switched on Side of the positive electrode switch element, simultaneously in turn switch on different from side of the positive electrode switch element with the ohmic heatingp of regulation The negative side switch element of phase is logical for armature coil U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2 switching Electricity condition, makes phase current turn of tidal stream.
The most above-mentioned control, forms rotating excitation field by armature 21, and rotor 27 rotates.Brushless electric machine 18 control switching switch element 38a on and off, by make to armature coil U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2 energising direction reversion such that it is able to make rotor 27 rotate forward/stop/inverting. If the power of rotor 27 is delivered to a pivot 14 via reducing gear 19, then Wiper arm 15 exists Reciprocating action in the range of predetermined angular, whisks off front glass 11 by Wiper blade 16.
It addition, brushless electric machine 18 has the characteristic that the rotation number of adjoint current value jack 27 rises. Further, brushless electric machine 18 has the rotation number of adjoint rotor 27 and rises, and the moment of torsion of rotor 27 reduces Characteristic.
Additionally, the brushless electric machine 18 of present embodiment controls the output of rotor 27, i.e. control rotation number And during moment of torsion, it is possible to perform switching the first energising control, low-intensity magnetic field controls, the second energising controls. First energising controls, low-intensity magnetic field controls, the second energising controls to be believed by the detection of wiper control 44 Number, the various conditions such as the load switching of the detection signal of vehicle speed sensor 45, Wiper arm 15.Especially It, low-intensity magnetic field controls, compared with the first energising control, requiring what the rotation number making rotor 27 rose In the case of perform.On the other hand, the second energising controls compared with the first energising control, turns requiring to make The moment of torsion of son 27 performs in the case of rising.
Illustrate that the first energising control, low-intensity magnetic field control, the second energising controls by Fig. 8.Fig. 8 illustrates The angle of 0 °～360 ° be electric signal 1 cycle in represent the ohmic heatingp during energising.Just represent From positive to armature coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 be energized, negative indication from negative pole to electricity Pivot coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 are energized.It is right that energising control shown in Fig. 8 exemplifies The "on" position of 1 armature coil of regulation.
(A) of Fig. 8 illustrates that the first energising controls.First energising controls on the basis of ohmic heatingp 0 ° The position that ohmic heatingp is 30 °, the armature coil for regulation is initially powered up from positive pole, ohmic heatingp 120 ° Scope maintain energising after terminate the energising from positive pole.Further, the first energising controls the energising from positive pole End starts, and vacates the scope of ohmic heatingp 60 °, is initially powered up for the armature coil of regulation from negative pole, Energising is terminated after the scope of ohmic heatingp 120 ° maintains energising.
(B) of Fig. 8 illustrates low-intensity magnetic field control.For the armature coil of regulation, with ohmic heatingp 0 ° it is Benchmark starts in the position of ohmic heatingp 15 ° to be energized from positive pole, and the scope ohmic heatingp 120 ° maintains from just After the energising of pole, terminate the energising from positive pole.Start to vacate energising it addition, terminate the energising from positive pole The scope that angle is 60 °, starts the energising from negative pole, maintains from negative pole in the scope with ohmic heatingp 120 ° After energising, terminate the energising from negative pole.So, in (B) of Fig. 8, start the energising from positive pole The Zao timing in the position of ohmic heatingp 30 ° that illustrates than Fig. 8 (A), the position of ohmic heatingp 15 °. Angle ohmic heatingp 15 °, for the position of ohmic heatingp 30 °, is entered in the position that ohmic heatingp is 15 °.
(C) according to Fig. 8 illustrates that the second energising controls.For the armature coil of regulation, with energising On the basis of 0 ° of angle, the position ohmic heatingp 15 ° starts to be energized, in the scope of 120 ° of+α of ohmic heatingp from positive pole Maintain after the energising of positive pole, terminate the energising from positive pole in the position of ohmic heatingp 165 °.It addition, knot Bundle, after the energising of positive pole, starts the energising from negative pole with ohmic heatingp 195 °, with 120 ° of+α of ohmic heatingp Scope maintain after the energising of negative pole, terminate from the energising of negative pole.So, the second energising controls The scope of the energising beginning timing Zao ohmic heatingp 15 ° that energising beginning timing controls than the first energising, and The scope of 120 ° of+α of ohmic heatingp that the second energising is energized in controlling continuously connects than in controlling in the first energising The scope of the ohmic heatingp 120 ° of continuous energising is wide.Here, the scope of ohmic heatingp 120 ° is the of the present invention During one, the scope of 120 ° of+α of ohmic heatingp is the second phase of the present invention.
Such as, when selecting low-speed mode, perform the first energising and control.First energising control does not carry out weak Magnetic field controls, and by carrying out the control of dutycycle, thus the real rotation number of rotor 27 is close to requirement Target rotation number.Further, in the case of carrying out the first energising control, to armature coil U1, It is predetermined fixed value that the energising of U2, V1, V2, W1, W2 starts timing, i.e. ohmic heatingp 30 ° Position.
Such as, when selecting fast mode, perform low-intensity magnetic field and control or the second energising control.Low-intensity magnetic field control Make not change and be supplied to the current value of armature coil U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2 and perform. Low-intensity magnetic field controls to be by supplying electric current to armature coil U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2, to the greatest extent The control in the magnetic field that armature 21 is formed may be weakened.Control if carried out this low-intensity magnetic field, then reduce electricity The counter electromotive force that pivot coil U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2 produce, the rotation number of rotor 27 Rise.Additionally, the second energising controls, in addition to low-intensity magnetic field controls, to be longer than the first energising during making energising Control and the second energising controls.
Fig. 9 is the line diagram of the characteristic illustrating brushless electric machine 18.In fig .9, the longitudinal axis illustrates brushless The rotation number of motor 18, transverse axis illustrates the moment of torsion of brushless electric machine 18.Further, figure 9 illustrates low One example of fast mode characteristic and an example of fast mode characteristic.
The brushless electric machine 18 of present embodiment set this specified time, such as deposit in the position shown in solid line In monomer characteristic in order to be able to rotation number corresponding to the low-speed mode characteristic that obtains Fig. 9 and moment of torsion. Therefore, if selecting low-speed mode, control by performing the first energising, thus below monomer characteristic In the range of, it is possible to obtain rotation number and the moment of torsion of requirement.
Monomer characteristic be the actual vehicle speed of vehicle 10 below benchmark speed time meet target output, i.e. The characteristic of low-speed mode.Characteristic in performance is that the actual vehicle speed of vehicle 10 is when having exceeded benchmark speed Target exports, and i.e. meets the characteristic of fast mode characteristic.Target output is with the rotation number of rotor 27 And moment of torsion represents.Determine that the condition of target output includes the detection signal of wiper control 44, car The various conditions such as the load detecting signal, Wiper arm 15 of speed sensor 45.
On the other hand, fast mode and the moment of torsion that rotor 27 is required and rotation number are such as selected When exceeding monomer characteristic, control circuit 50 controls or the second energising control by performing low-intensity magnetic field, from And can obtain exceeding rotation number and the moment of torsion of monomer characteristic.Thus, the characteristic of brushless electric machine 18, In performance, identical with the characteristic of the position shown in Fig. 9 chain lines.
That is, brushless electric machine 18 is in design, it is possible to determine specified on the basis of low-speed mode, it is possible to The volume making brushless electric machine 18 is the least.Further, do not change current value and make the rotation of brushless electric machine 18 Revolution rises, moment of torsion can be made to increase is to represent that moment of torsion fixed number becomes big relatively.In other words, this embodiment party The brushless electric machine 18 of formula can produce high torque with less power consumption, improves electric efficiency.
Characteristic line diagram explanation according to Figure 10 has carried out the feelings that low-intensity magnetic field controls or the second energising controls The characteristic of the brushless electric machine 18 under condition.In the characteristic line diagram of Figure 10, transverse axis represents moment of torsion, vertical Axle represents rotation number.In the case of the characteristic line diagram of (A) of Figure 10 is carried out the second energising control The characteristic of brushless electric machine 18.Solid line is the characteristic into 30 ° of angle, and dotted line is the characteristic into 45 ° of angle, Chain-dotted line is the characteristic into 60 ° of angle.Above-mentioned enter 30 ° of angle, enter 45 ° of angle, enter the expression of 60 ° of angle: with The position of one energising starts the timing to armature coil energising ohmic heatingp 30 ° in controlling is compared, earlier Enter 30 ° of angle, enter 45 ° of angle, enter the timing at 60 ° of angle and start to be energized to armature coil.
With to enter angle unrelated during the energising of armature coil, continuous across the scope of ohmic heatingp 120 °.According to figure (A) of 10 understands, even if the moment of torsion of rotor is identical, enters angle and becomes the biggest, the rotation number phase of rotor To uprising.It addition, 3 characteristics rise with the moment of torsion of rotor, rotation number reduces.Further, adjoint The moment of torsion of rotor rises, and the rotation number difference of the rotor of 3 characteristics diminishes.
(B) according to Figure 10 illustrates to have carried out brushless electric machine 18 in the case of the second energising controls Characteristic.Solid line is into 30 ° of angle and the characteristic of ohmic heatingp 120 °, and dotted line is into 37.5 ° of angle and ohmic heatingp The characteristic of 135 °, chain-dotted line is into 45 ° of angle and the characteristic of ohmic heatingp 150 °, and double dot dash line is into 52.5 ° of angle And the characteristic of ohmic heatingp 165 °.The fundamental characteristics of the brushless electric machine 18 that (B) of Figure 10 illustrates, and The fundamental characteristics of the brushless electric machine 18 that (A) of Figure 10 illustrates is identical.The rotation number in high torque region Difference, compared with the characteristic of the brushless electric machine 18 that (A) of Figure 10 illustrates, (B) of Figure 10 shows The characteristic of the brushless electric machine 18 gone out is big.
Figure 11 be illustrate into angle, the chart of the relation of ohmic heatingp and torque ripple rate.Transverse axis illustrates logical Electric angle.Torque ripple is that the change in torque of rotor is i.e. pulsed.Torque ripple rate is the ripple amplitude of moment of torsion Average ratio relative to moment of torsion.Here, about entering 0 ° of angle, entering 15 ° of angle and enter 30 ° of angle and show respectively Go out the torque ripple rate of rotor.Enter 0 ° of angle and be equivalent to first timing of the present invention, enter 15 ° of angle, enter angle 30 ° of second timings being equivalent to the present invention.That is, enter the expression of 15 ° of angle and start to determine for entering the energising of 0 ° of angle Time do sth. in advance ohmic heatingp 15 °, enter 30 ° of angle and represent the beginning timing ahead of time ohmic heatingp for entering the energising of 0 ° of angle 30°。
Knowable to the chart of Figure 11, if ohmic heatingp is certain, then entering angle the biggest, torque ripple rate becomes Little.On the other hand, it is known that if it is certain to enter angle, then ohmic heatingp is the biggest, torque ripple rate tendency diminishes. Specifically, it is known that if as ohmic heatingp 150 ° and enter 30 ° of angle control brushless electric machine 18, then moment of torsion Pulsation rate is minimum.Further, when comparing the first energising control and the second energising control, if ohmic heatingp 135 ° Above and ohmic heatingp is 165 °, then compared with the torque ripple rate performed in the case of the first energising controls, The torque ripple rate performing the second energising control situation can be reduced.
Figure 12 is when the armature coil of brushless electric machine 18 performs energising control, controls current waveform and makees For the situation of square wave with in the case of controlling as the waveform more smooth than square wave, compare at brushless electricity The example of the radiation sound (acoustic pressure) that the surrounding of machine produces.If performing the first energising to control, current wave Being formed as square wave, controlling if performing the second energising, current waveform becomes smooth waveform.By scheming 12 understand, and perform the acoustic pressure in the case of the second energising controls than the sound performed in the case of the first energising controls Force down.
Figure 13 is to illustrate that electric current is with electric when the armature coil of brushless electric machine 18 performs energising control The waveform of relation between angle.It is shown in solid into 60 ° of angle and the waveform of ohmic heatingp 165 °, draws with two point Line illustrates into 0 ° of angle and ohmic heatingp 120 °, shown in broken lines enter 30 ° of angle and the waveform of ohmic heatingp 150 °, Illustrate into 15 ° of angle and the waveform of ohmic heatingp 120 ° with single dotted broken line.In the waveform shown in Figure 13, The waveform-shaped current change entering 60 ° of angle and ohmic heatingp 165 ° is the most smooth, is similar to sine wave.That is, angle is entered The waveform of 60 ° and ohmic heatingp 165 ° compared with other waveforms, the radiation produced around brushless electric machine Sound (acoustic pressure) is minimum, it is possible to reduce the operation sound of brushless electric machine 18.
Figure 14 is to illustrate into angle and the chart of the relation of ohmic heatingp and acoustic pressure.In Figure 14, it is shown that Enter 0 ° of angle, enter 15 ° of angle, enter 30 ° of the angle acoustic pressure ohmic heatingp 120 °, it is shown that enter 15 ° of angle, enter angle 30 ° of acoustic pressures ohmic heatingp 150 °, it is shown that enter 60 ° of angle and the acoustic pressure of ohmic heatingp 165 °.Can from Figure 14 Know, enter 15 ° of angle and the acoustic pressure of ohmic heatingp 150 °, enter the acoustic pressure of 60 ° of angle and ohmic heatingp 165 ° than other Enter angle, ohmic heatingp acoustic pressure low.
Here, enter 0 ° of angle be first timing, enter 15 ° of angle, enter 30 ° of angle be second timing.Further, Entering 60 ° of angle is for entering 0 ° of angle as the first timing, and energising starts the of timing early ohmic heatingp 60 ° Two timings.
If collecting the tendency shown in Figure 12～Figure 14, if it is certain then to understand ohmic heatingp, then entering angle and becoming Must be the biggest, acoustic pressure is in reducing trend.And, it is known that if it is certain to enter angle, then ohmic heatingp is the biggest, sound Press in reducing trend.
In the present embodiment, control when the armature coil of brushless electric machine 18 is energized, it is possible to according to The pattern that selects, speed, the various conditions such as load of Wiper arm 15 control into angle and ohmic heatingp, So that torque ripple rate diminishes.Further, control when the armature coil of brushless electric machine 18 is energized, Can control into angle and ohmic heatingp according to various conditions, in order to the reduction of acoustic pressure.
Further, every kind of car differences such as the hardness of car body 48 of electric machine 17, installation site are installed, In every kind of car, resonant frequency during brushless electric machine 18 action is different.Therefore, it is possible to adjust every kind of car Enter angle and ohmic heatingp, so that the acoustic pressure produced around brushless electric machine 18 reduces.
Inventive drive means is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment 1, at model without departing from the spirit All changes can be carried out in enclosing.Such as, the brushless electric machine of the present invention includes that the connection of Y-shaped shape has armature The structure of the star-star connection of coil.The brushless electric machine of the present invention can also include that rotor is IPM (Interior Permanent Magnet: built-in type permanent-magnet) constructs.IPM constructs at rotor core The structure of internal embedment permanet magnet.Further, first period does not limit ohmic heatingp 120 °, can be less than Ohmic heatingp 120 °, it is also possible to higher than ohmic heatingp 120 °.
The brushless electric machine of the present invention include rotor configuration the internal tooth wheel shape of the inner side of stator structure, turn Son is arranged in the structure of the external tooth wheel shape outside stator.
The wiper device of the present invention includes that windshield wiper blade whisks off the parts of rear glass.That is, the scraping of the present invention The windshield of water heater device includes front glass and rear glass.Further, the wiper device bag of the present invention Include the composition independently being driven two wiper by a brushless electric machine.
The brushless electric machine of present embodiment 1 is in addition to making the wiper motor of wiper device action, also Including making for being arranged in the power sliding door device of vehicle, skylight device, power vehicle window device etc. The action component actions such as door, top, glass and the brushless electric machine that arranges.Additionally, driving means 37 phase When in the control portion of the present invention and pattern switching part.
(embodiment 2)
Embodiment 2 is the example using electric machine in vehicle.In the explanation of embodiment 2, Fig. 2～Fig. 5, the Fig. 9 used in the explanation of embodiment 1 can be used.
Vehicle 10 shown in Figure 15 has front glass 11.Further, vehicle 10 possesses and whisks off front glass First wiper device 12 and second wiper device 13 of 11.First wiper device 12 He Second wiper device 13 is arranged in positions different on the width of vehicle 10.Owing to first scrapes Water heater device 12 and the second wiper device 13 are the most symmetrical structure, in the following for side Just, for the sake of, the first wiper device 12 is described.First wiper device 12 has with a pivot 14 Centered by the Wiper arm 15 that swings and the Wiper blade 16 being arranged on Wiper arm 15.It addition, the One wiper device 12 has the electric machine 17 driving Wiper arm 15.Electric machine 17 possesses Brushless electric machine 18 and transmit the reducing gear 19 of power of brushless electric machine 18 to pivot 14.
Brushless electric machine 18 is constituted as shown in Figure 2 to 4.The brushless electric machine 18 of present embodiment Having the electric machine casing 20 having round-ended cylinder shape, the inner circumferential at electric machine casing 20 is provided with as stator Armature 21.Armature 21 have stator core 22 and the armature coil V1 being wound in stator core 22, V2、U1、U2、W1、W2.The metallic plate of stator core 22 laminated conductive forms, at stator core The inner circumferential of 22 circumferencial direction be provided spaced apart multiple, be 6 T-piece 23 specifically.6 Individual T-shaped pipe joint 23 configures with the interval of mechanical angle 60 °.Armature coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 wrap around 6 T-piece 23.
Armature coil V1, V2 correspond to V phase, and armature coil U1, U2 correspond to U phase, electricity Pivot coil W1, W2 correspond to W phase.Further, in the diagram, pressing clockwise along armature 21 According to armature coil U1, armature coil V1, armature coil W1, armature coil U2, armature coil V2, the order of armature coil W2 are arranged.Armature coil U1 and armature coil U2 is mechanical angle 180 ° Position relationship, armature coil V1 and armature coil V2 is the position relationship of mechanical angle 180 °, electricity Pivot coil W1 and armature coil W2 is the position relationship of mechanical angle 180 °.
The composition of armature 21 is described by Fig. 5 and Figure 16.Armature coil U1 and armature coil U2 Being connected in series, armature coil V1 and armature coil V2 is connected in series, armature coil W1 and armature Coil W2 is connected in series.Further, the end Ua of armature coil U1 and the end of armature coil W2 Ub passes through terminal 24 wiring.Further, the end Vb of armature coil U2 and the end of armature coil V1 Portion Va passes through terminal 25 wiring.Additionally, the end Wa and armature coil V2 of armature coil W1 End Wb by terminal 26 wiring.So, brushless electric machine 18 connects 6 by delta connection Root armature coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2.
On the other hand, brushless electric machine 18 has rotor 27, and rotor 27 is arranged on the inner side of armature 21. Brushless electric machine 18 is the structure that rotor 27 is arranged in the internal tooth wheel shape of the inner side of the armature 21 as stator Make.Rotor 27 has armature spindle 28 and fixing via rotor core 30 in the periphery of armature spindle 28 Permanet magnet 29N, 29S of 4 poles.The polarity of 2 permanet magnet 29N is N pole, and two permanent The polarity of Magnetitum 29S is S pole, and permanet magnet 29N and permanet magnet 29S is along armature spindle 28 Circumferencial direction alternately configures.Brushless electric machine 18 be the number of permanet magnet be 4 poles, armature coil Number is 6,4 pole 6 groove structures.
So, brushless electric machine 18 is SPM (Surface Permanent Magnet: surface permanent magnetic Body) structure.SPM structure fixes permanet magnet 29N, 29S at the outer peripheral face of rotor core 30.Rotor Core 30 is shaped by the magnetic material of ferrum class.Further, armature spindle 28 is by multiple, i.e. 2 bearings 49 Rotatably it is supported by.
On the other hand, electric machine 17 possesses the gear housing 31 accommodating reducing gear 19, gear hub Body 31 and electric machine casing 20 are fixed by not shown secure component.The length direction of armature spindle 28 A part be arranged in the inside of electric machine casing 20, remaining is partly arranged in gear housing 31. The periphery of the part being arranged in gear housing 31 in armature spindle 28 is formed with worm screw 32.Gear hub Worm gear 33 it is provided with in body 31.Be formed in the periphery of this worm gear 33 gear 33a, gear 33a and Worm screw 32 engages.
Propping up pivot 14 and worm gear 33 to configure with heart shaped, a pivot 14 and worm gear 33 rotate integratedly. Worm screw 32 and gear 33a are the reducing gears 19 of present embodiment.This reducing gear 19 is when turning The power of son 27 is delivered to when propping up pivot 14 make the rotation number (output rotation number) propping up pivot 14 low Mechanism in the rotation number (input rotation number) of rotor 27.The rotation number of present embodiment is every list The rotation number of bit time, with rotary speed synonym.
Further, in figure 3, the top in gear housing 31 arranges not shown axis hole.Prop up pivot The end of the opposition side of 14 ends fixing worm gear 33 is exposed to outward via the axis hole of gear housing 31 Portion.Wiper arm 15 connects a pivot 14 and exposes the part of the outside to gear housing 31.
On the other hand, in armature spindle 28 be arranged in gear housing 31 sensor is installed everywhere Magnet 34.Sensor magnet 34 and armature spindle 28 rotate integratedly.Sensor magnet 34 is cylinder Shape, sensor magnet 34 replaces the most side by side along the circumferencial direction of armature spindle 28 with N pole and S pole Magnetic.
The part with axis hole opposition side in gear housing 31 is provided with peristome.This peristome in order to Worm gear 33, a pivot 14 etc. is made to insert the inside of gear housing 31 and be formed.Then, blocking is set The lower cover 35 of peristome.Lower cover 35 has pallet shape, by this lower cover 35 and gear housing 31 spaces surrounded arrange control substrate 36.
As shown in figure 16, the driving means of control brushless electric machine 18 it is provided with at this control substrate 36 37.Driving means 37 has control to 6 armature coils V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 The converter circuit 38 of energising.Converter circuit 38 connects terminal 24,25,26.It addition, under Lid 35 is provided with adapter 39, is connected to connect by being connected to the feed cable of external power source 40 Device 39, external power source 40 and converter circuit 38 connect.External power source 40 includes being equipped on vehicle The battery of 10 or capacitor etc..
It addition, converter circuit 38 possess by from 40 to 6 armature coil V1 of external power source, V2, The electric current feed path of U1, U2, W1, W2 connect respectively or interdict multiple, i.e. 6 open Close element 38a～38f.6 switch element 38a～38f are such as by semiconductor element structures such as FET Become.More particularly, it is provided with corresponding U phase and connects the side of the positive electrode of the positive pole of external power source 40 Switch element 38a and corresponding U phase and connect opening of the negative side of the negative side of external power source 40 Close element 38d.
It addition, be provided with corresponding V phase and connect the switch unit of the side of the positive electrode of the positive pole of external power source 40 Part 38b and corresponding V phase and connect the switch element of the negative side of the negative side of external power source 40 38e.It addition, be provided with corresponding W phase and connect the switch of the side of the positive electrode of the positive pole of external power source 40 Element 38c and corresponding W phase and connect the switch unit of the negative side of the negative side of external power source 40 Part 38f.
Here, switch element 38a, 38b, 38c are connected in parallel with each other, switch element 38d, 38e, 38f is connected in parallel with each other.It addition, switch element 38a and switch element 38d is connected in series, switch Element 38b and switch element 38e is connected in series, and switch element 38c and switch element 38f series connection is even Connect.Additionally, the drain electrode of the source electrode of switch element 38a and switch element 38d connects terminal 24.This Outward, the source electrode of switch element 38b and the drain electrode of switch element 38e connect terminal 25.Additionally, open The drain electrode of the source electrode and switch element 38f that close element 38c connects terminal 26.
It addition, driving means 37 possesses the control circuit 50 controlling 6 switch element 38a～38f. Control circuit 50 is to possess the known microcomputer such as CPU, RAM, ROM.It addition, drive Dynamic device 37 has pwm signal generation circuit 51, and the signal of pwm signal generation circuit 51 is defeated Enter to control circuit 50.This control circuit 50 exports and controls 6 switch element 38as'～38f respectively Drive signal, at this driving signal overlap pwm signal.That is, 6 switch element 38a～38f lead to Cross PWM to control to drive, turn on/off intermittently during each energising.
Then, by controlling the ratio that 6 switch element 38a～38f are respectively turned on, duty is i.e. controlled Ratio, controls to be supplied to the current value of 6 armature coils V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2.Change Yan Zhi, for the whole interval that can be energized, it is possible to increase and decrease between 0%～100% to 6 armatures Coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 give the energising interval of electricity.Here, represent with electrical angle During the waveform being energized with armature coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 respectively, above-mentioned " interval " Represent electrical angle.
Additionally, present embodiment brushless electric machine 18 control switching switch element 38a connection and Disconnect, by making the direction to 6 armature coil V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 energisings anti- Turn, it is possible to make rotor 27 positive and negative rotation.
Control substrate 36 to be joined along relative to the in-plane vertical for first axle A1 of a pivot 14 Put.First axle A1 is to prop up center when pivot 14 rotates.It is provided with 3 controlling substrate 36 Detection sensor 41,42,43.3 detection sensors 41,42,43 are all hole IC, 3 inspections Survey sensor 41,42,43 and be fixed on control substrate 36 with sensor magnet 34 in a non-contact manner. In the present embodiment, detection sensor 41 exports the switching signal of corresponding W phase, detects sensor 42 The switching signal of the corresponding V phase of output, detection sensor 43 exports the switching signal of corresponding U phase.As Control in the top view of substrate 36 shown in Fig. 2,3 detection sensors 41,42,43, with The direction that second axis B1 of armature spindle 28 reports to the leadship after accomplishing a task is arranged side by side.Second axis B1 is that armature spindle 28 revolves Center when turning.
In the direction along the second axis B1, the configuration scope of 3 detection sensors 41,42,43 At least overlapping in a part with the configuration scope of sensor magnet 34.And, if it is assumed that control base Plate 36 horizontal arrangement, as it is shown on figure 3, the detection sensor 42 of corresponding V phase is arranged in the second axis The underface of B1.3 detection sensors 41,42,43 are to be arranged at equal intervals and the second axis B1 The direction intersected.It addition, detection sensor 42 is arranged in detection sensor 41 and detection sensor 43 Between.
If rotor 27 rotates and the magnetic pole of sensor magnet 34 moves, then 3 detection sensors 41, 42,43 switch motion, it is (defeated that 3 detection sensors 41,42,43 independently produce switching signal Go out signal).Control circuit 50 is according to the switching signal of 3 detection sensors 41,42,43, energy Enough detect rotatable phase and the rotation number of rotor 27.The rotatable phase of rotor 27 is with predetermined position It is set to angle or the position of the direction of rotation of benchmark.Control circuit 50 has can be according to 3 detections The function of the action load of the switching signal presumption Wiper arm 15 of sensor 41,42,43.
Further, the car indoor of vehicle 10 are provided with wiper control 44, if driver's operation is scraped Hydrophone switch 44 selection low-speed mode or fast mode, then the operation signal input of wiper control 44 Control circuit 50.Additionally, arrange the vehicle speed sensor 45 of the travel speed of detection vehicle 10, speed The detection signal of sensor 45 is input to control circuit 50.
Further, control circuit 50, in order to control the output of the rotor 27 of brushless electric machine 18, i.e. controls Rotation number and moment of torsion, storage is led to for 6 armature coils V1, V2, U1, U2, W1, W2 The data etc. of power mode.If illustrating, then prestore in control circuit 50 and open according to wiper Close 44 operation signal, vehicle speed sensor 45 detection signal, the action load of Wiper arm 15 Etc. various conditions, control switch element 38a～38f of on/off converter circuit 38 timing, The data etc. of the persistent period etc. of ON switch element 38a.
Specifically, the action load of Wiper arm 15 can be from detection sensor 41,42,43 Switching signal is inferred.Such as, if selecting fast mode, then control circuit 50 is tried to achieve in fast mode The target rotation number that the target of Wiper arm 15 whisks off the rotor 27 of speed should be reached, carry out channel electric controlled System, in order to the real rotation number of rotor 27 becomes target rotation number.Actual rotation number when rotor 27 In the case of not becoming target rotation number, control circuit 50 can conclude that by Wiper arms such as snow The action load of 15 action resistances, i.e. Wiper arm 15 increases.
It addition, if speed is different, then the blast being subject to due to Wiper arm 15 changes, and therefore scrapes The action load of hydrophone arm 15 is different.If it addition, the angle of inclination of front glass 11 is different, then by The blast being subject in Wiper arm 15 changes, and the action load of Wiper arm 15 is different.Front glass 11 Angle of inclination by representing for the angle of inclination of the acute side of horizontal plane front glass 11.Further, If the length of Wiper blade 16 is different, then the action load of Wiper arm 15 is different.
Additionally, be provided with the installation portion 46 at multiple such as 3 in gear housing 31, at installation portion 46 It is respectively arranged with axis hole.It addition, the axis hole at installation portion 46 is respectively mounted padded coaming 47.Buffering Material 47 is the synthetic rubber of ring-type shaping, and screw part inserts the hole 47a of padded coaming 47, electricity Machine 17 is installed on car body 48.
Then, illustrate to control the first wiper device 12 and the second wiper device 13 respective Action, the control example being able to carry out by electric machine 17.The control circuit 50 of electric machine 17 By the bar outside the operation signal of wiper control 44 or the operation signal of wiper control 44 Part, controls the on/off of multiple switch element 38a.It addition, control circuit 50 is according to 3 inspections Survey the detection signal of sensor 41,42,43, the rotatable phase of detection rotor 27, carry out based on turning The energising of the rotatable phase of son 27 controls.That is, it is respectively turned on/disconnects side of the positive electrode with the electrical angle of regulation Switch element 38a, 38b, 38c while, with regulation electrical angle be respectively turned on/disconnect negative side Switch element 38d, 38e, 38f, switch for armature coil U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, The "on" position of W2, makes phase current turn of tidal stream.
If repeating above-mentioned control, then forming rotating excitation field by armature 21, rotor 27 rotates.Brushless Motor 18 controls the on and off of switching switch element 38a～38f, by making armature coil The direction reversion of U1, U2, V1, V2, W1, W2 energising, it is possible to make rotor 27 rotate forward/stop / reversion.If the power of rotor 27 is delivered to pivot 14, then a wiper via reducing gear 19 Arm 15 reciprocating action in the range of predetermined angular, whisks off front glass 11 by Wiper blade 16.
In fig .15, Wiper arm 15 is such as at the backward position D1 being shown in solid with two point Reciprocating action between upper backward position D2 shown in Hua Xian.Upper backward position D2 is relative to installation The car body 48 of electric machine 17, than lower position remote for backward position D1.Electric machine 17 is installed The lower section of position e.g. window (louver).
It addition, Wiper arm 15 from lower backward position towards the scope of upper backward position D2 action is Road, Wiper arm 15 from upper backward position D2 towards the scope of lower backward position D1 action be loop. Additionally, Wiper arm 15 is in the case of the action of outlet, the rotor 27 shown in Fig. 3 is the most counterclockwise Rotating, Wiper arm 15 is in the case of circuit behavior, and rotor 27 turns clockwise.
As above-mentioned, control circuit 50 is switched on or switched off the electricity of each switch element 38a～38f by control The timing of air horn, the interval etc. of electrical angle of ON switch element 38a～38f such that it is able to control to turn The output of son 27.The timing of electrical angle can be referred to as the point (Port イ Application ト) of electrical angle.Brushless electric machine The characteristic that 18 rotation numbers with adjoint current value jack 27 rise.Further, brushless electric machine 18 The rotation number with adjoint rotor 27 rises, the characteristic that the moment of torsion of rotor 27 reduces.
Additionally, the brushless electric machine 18 of present embodiment controls the output of rotor 27, i.e. control rotation number And during moment of torsion, it is possible to switching the first energising controls, the low-intensity magnetic field controlled that is energized as second controls, Threeway electric control and perform.First energising controls, low-intensity magnetic field controls, threeway electric control is passed through to scrape The detection signal of hydrophone switch 44, the detection signal of vehicle speed sensor 45, Wiper arm 15 negative Lotus, the various conditions such as the direction of action switching of Wiper arm 15.Especially, low-intensity magnetic field controls and first Energising control is compared, and is able to carry out in the case of requiring the rotation number making rotor 27 to rise.With this Relatively, threeway electric control, compared with the first energising control, is requiring that the moment of torsion making rotor 27 rises In the case of perform.That is, in the case of threeway electric control has accumulated snow on front glass 11 etc. that Perform in the case of the action load height of Wiper arm 15.
By the time chart of Figure 17 and Figure 18, each switch element in the first energising control is described The drive pattern of 38a～38f.Figure 17 be the Wiper arm 15 switch element 38a when outlet action～ The drive pattern of 38f, Figure 18 is the Wiper arm 15 switch element 38a～38f when circuit behavior Drive pattern.
The drive pattern of Figure 17 and Figure 18 is by opening of exporting from each detection sensor 41,42,43 The rising edge of OFF signal or drop edge, as starting point, are divided into 6 energising platform ST1～ST6, Each energising platform divides with predetermined electrical angle (spending).In the example of Figure 17 and Figure 18, each logical Radio station divides with the scope (interval) of electrical angle 60 °.The rising of switching signal represent switching signal from Disconnection switches to connection, and the decline of switching signal represents that switching signal switches to disconnection from connection.
In Figure 17 and Figure 18, each connection of the switching signal of detection sensor 41,42,43 The interval electrical angle 180 ° that sets, the connection interval of the switching signal of detection sensor 41,42,43 sets It is set to the electrical angle 60 ° that offsets one from another.
Figure 17 is the drive pattern that the outlet of Wiper arm 15 is corresponding, detection sensor corresponding for U The switching signal of 43 is connected in the timing of electrical angle 0 °, and in the timing disconnection of electrical angle 180 °.? During the switching signal of detection sensor 43 corresponding for U is connected, the timing that electrical angle is 60 °, W phase The switching signal of corresponding detection sensor 41 is switched on.Detection sensor 43 corresponding for this U Switching signal electrical angle 240 ° timing disconnect.
Additionally, during the switching signal of detection sensor 41 corresponding for W is connected, at electrical angle The timing of 120 °, the switching signal of detection sensor 42 corresponding for V is switched on.This V is corresponding Detection sensor 42 switching signal be disconnected in the timing of electrical angle 300 °.Control circuit 50 According to the switching signal of detection sensor 41,42,43, control switch element 38a～38f as described below.
The switch element 38a of U phase side of the positive electrode is from the timing being timed to electrical angle 150 ° of electrical angle 30 ° The interval of electrical angle 120 ° often connect, from the timing of electrical angle 210 ° across electrical angle 330 ° In the interval of the electrical angle 120 ° of timing, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.Additionally, U phase negative side Switch element 38d from the timing of electrical angle 210 ° across the electrical angle 120 ° of the timing of electrical angle 330 ° Interval in, be alternately switched on and disconnect.
Additionally, the switch element 38b of V phase side of the positive electrode in the timing from electrical angle 330 ° across electrical angle In the interval of the electrical angle of the timing of 90 ° 120 °, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.Additionally, V phase The switch element 38b of side of the positive electrode is switched in the timing of electrical angle 150 °, to electrical angle 270 ° In the period that timing disconnects, often connect.On the other hand, the switch element 38e of the negative side of V phase From the timing of electrical angle 330 ° across the timing of electrical angle 90 ° electrical angle 120 ° interval in, replace It is switched on and disconnects.
Further, the switch element 38c of the side of the positive electrode of W phase in the timing from electrical angle 270 ° across electrical angle In the interval of the electrical angle of the timing of 30 ° 120 °, often connect.Additionally, the opening of the side of the positive electrode of W phase Close element 38c from the timing of electrical angle 90 ° across the district of the electrical angle 120 ° of the timing of electrical angle 210 ° In, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.Additionally, the switch element 38c of the negative side of W phase is from electricity The timing that air horn is 90 ° is in the interval of the electrical angle 120 ° of the timing of electrical angle 210 °, and alternately switching connects On and off is opened.
On the other hand, Figure 18 is the drive pattern that the outlet of Wiper arm 15 is corresponding, and U is corresponding The switching signal of detection sensor 43 is switched in the timing of electrical angle 0 °, and electrical angle 180 ° Timing disconnects.In the period that the switching signal of detection sensor 43 corresponding for U is connected, electrically The timing that angle is 60 °, the switching signal of detection sensor 42 corresponding for V is switched on.This V is relative The switching signal of the detection sensor 42 answered disconnects in the timing of electrical angle 240 °.
Additionally, the period of the switching signal connection at detection sensor 42 corresponding for V, electrically The timing that angle is 120 °, the switching signal of detection sensor 41 corresponding for W is switched on.This W is relative The switching signal of the detection sensor 41 answered is disconnected in the timing of electrical angle 300 °.Control circuit 50 According to detection sensor 41,42,43 switching signal, as described below control switch element 38a～ 38f。
The switch element 38a of the side of the positive electrode of U phase is being timed to electrical angle 150 ° from electrical angle 30 ° In the interval of the electrical angle 120 ° of timing, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.It addition, from electrical angle The timing of 210 ° across the timing of electrical angle 330 ° electrical angle 120 ° interval in, switch element 38c Often connect.On the other hand, the switch element 38d of the negative side of U phase is at determining from electrical angle 30 ° Time across electrical angle 1500 ° timing electrical angle 120 ° interval in, be alternately switched on and disconnect.
Further, the switch element 38b of the side of the positive electrode of V phase in the timing from electrical angle 90 ° across electrical angle In the interval of the electrical angle of the timing of 210 ° 120 °, often connect.Additionally, the opening of the side of the positive electrode of V phase Close element 38b in the district of the electrical angle 120 ° from the timing being timed to electrical angle 30 ° of electrical angle 270 ° In, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.On the other hand, the switch element 38e of the negative side of V phase exists From the timing of electrical angle 270 ° in the interval of the electrical angle 120 ° of the timing of electrical angle 30 °, alternately cut Change and switch on and off.
Further, the switch element 38c of the side of the positive electrode of W phase in the timing from electrical angle 330 ° across electrical angle In the interval of the electrical angle of the timing of 90 ° 120 °, often connect.Additionally, the opening of the side of the positive electrode of W phase Close element 38c from the timing of electrical angle 150 ° across the electrical angle 120 ° of the timing of electrical angle 270 ° In interval, alternately it be switched on and disconnect.Additionally, the switch element 38f of the negative side of W phase from The timing that electrical angle is 150 °, in the interval of the electrical angle 120 ° of the timing of electrical angle 270 °, is alternately cut Change and switch on and off.
Then, illustrate as each switch element in the low-intensity magnetic field control that the second energising controls according to Figure 19 The drive pattern of 38a～38f.Low-intensity magnetic field controls to perform in the case of Wiper arm 15 outlet action, In the case of Wiper arm 15 circuit behavior, perform the first energising and control.In Figure 19, and figure 17 similarly illustrate energising platform ST1～energising platform ST6 and electrical angle 0 °～electrical angle 360 °.? In Figure 19, the on/off timing of the switching signal of detection sensor 41～43 and Figure 17 detect The on/off timing of the switching signal of sensor 41～43 is identical.
Figure 19 is the driving mould of each switch element 38a～38f corresponding with the outlet of Wiper arm 15 Formula, the control timing of switch element 38a～38f shown in Figure 19, with the switch element shown in Fig. 7 The control timing of 38a～38f is compared, and ahead of time, i.e. enters angle and is equivalent to the interval of electrical angle 30 °.
First, the switch element 38a of the side of the positive electrode of U phase is timed to electrical angle 135 ° from electrical angle 15 ° The interval of electrical angle 120 ° of timing often connect, in the timing from electrical angle 195 ° across electrical angle In the interval of the electrical angle of the timing of 315 ° 120 °, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.It addition, U phase The switch element 38d of negative side from the timing of electrical angle 195 ° across the electricity of the timing of electrical angle 315 ° In the interval of air horn 120 °, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.
Additionally, the switch element 38b of the side of the positive electrode of V phase in the timing from electrical angle 315 ° across electrical angle In the interval of the electrical angle of the timing of 75 ° 120 °, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.Additionally, V phase The switch element 38b of side of the positive electrode is switched in the timing of electrical angle 135 °, to electrical angle 255 ° In the period that timing disconnects, often connect.On the other hand, the switch element 38e of the negative side of V phase From the timing of electrical angle 315 ° across the timing of electrical angle 75 ° electrical angle 120 ° interval in, replace It is switched on and disconnects.
Further, the switch element 38c of the side of the positive electrode of W phase in the timing from electrical angle 255 ° across electrical angle In the interval of the electrical angle of the timing of 15 ° 120 °, often connect.Additionally, the opening of the side of the positive electrode of W phase Close element 38c from the timing of electrical angle 75 ° across the district of the electrical angle 120 ° of the timing of electrical angle 195 ° In, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.Additionally, the switch element 38c of the negative side of W phase is from electricity The timing that air horn is 75 ° is in the interval of the electrical angle 120 ° of the timing of electrical angle 195 °, and alternately switching connects On and off is opened.
Above-mentioned low-intensity magnetic field controls to be that the magnetic field making armature 21 be formed dies down compared with the first energising control Control.Control if carried out this low-intensity magnetic field, then reduce armature coil U1, U2, V1, V2, The counter electromotive force that W1, W2 produce, the rotation number of rotor 27 rises.Fig. 9 is to illustrate brushless electric machine The line diagram of the characteristic of 18.In fig .9, the longitudinal axis illustrates the rotation number of brushless electric machine 18, and transverse axis shows Go out the moment of torsion of brushless electric machine 18.Further, figure 9 illustrates low-speed mode characteristic an example, with And an example of fast mode characteristic.Operator wiper control 44 carries out low-speed mode and high speed The switching of pattern.
The brushless electric machine 18 of embodiment 2 set this specified time, such as deposit in the position shown in solid line In monomer characteristic in order to be able to rotation number corresponding to the low-speed mode characteristic that obtains Fig. 9 and moment of torsion. Therefore, if selecting low-speed mode, then by performing the first energising control, below monomer characteristic In the range of, it is possible to obtain rotation number and the moment of torsion of requirement.
Monomer characteristic be on the basis of the actual vehicle speed of vehicle 10 below speed time meet target output, I.e. meet the characteristic of low-speed mode.Characteristic in performance is that the actual vehicle speed of vehicle 10 exceedes control vehicle Meet target output during speed, i.e. meet the characteristic of fast mode characteristic.Target exports with rotor 27 Rotation number and moment of torsion represent.Determine that the condition that target exports includes the detection of wiper control 44 Signal, the detection signal of vehicle speed sensor 45, the various conditions such as load of Wiper arm 15.
On the other hand, such as, select fast mode, the moment of torsion that rotor 27 is required and rotation number When exceeding monomer characteristic, control circuit 50 controls by performing low-intensity magnetic field, it is possible to obtain exceeding monomer The rotation number of characteristic and moment of torsion.Thus, the characteristic of brushless electric machine 18, in performance, and Fig. 9 The characteristic of the position that middle single dotted broken line shows is identical.
That is, brushless electric machine 18 is in design, it is possible to determine specified on the basis of low-speed mode, it is possible to Make the specified the least of brushless electric machine 18.Further, do not change current value and make the rotation of brushless electric machine 18 Revolution rises, it is possible to making moment of torsion increase is to represent that moment of torsion fixed number becomes big relatively.In other words, this embodiment party The brushless electric machine 18 of formula can produce high torque with less power consumption, improves electric efficiency.
Then, illustrate as the driving of each switch element 38a～39f in threeway electric control according to Figure 20 Dynamic model formula.Threeway electric control performs in the case of the action of outlet at Wiper arm 15, is scraping water Device arm 15, in the case of circuit behavior, performs the first energising and controls.Control circuit 50 is according to rotor The direction of rotation detection Wiper arm 15 of 27 is at outlet or circuit behavior.
In fig. 20, and Figure 17 similarly illustrates energising platform ST1～energising platform ST6 and electrical angle 0 °～electrical angle 360 °.In fig. 20, detection sensor 41～43 switching signal connect on/off Open Timer is identical with the on/off timing of the switching signal detecting sensor 41～43 in Figure 17.
The control timing of switch element 38a～38f shown in Figure 20, with the switch element shown in Figure 17 The control timing of 38a～38f is compared, and enters angle and is equivalent to the interval of electrical angle 30 °.This point and weak magnetic Field controls identical.
First, the switch element 38a of the side of the positive electrode of U phase is timed to electrical angle 165 ° from electrical angle 15 ° The interval of electrical angle 150 ° of timing often connect, in the timing from electrical angle 195 ° across electrical angle In the interval of the electrical angle of the timing of 345 ° 150 °, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.Additionally, U phase The switch element 38d of negative side from the timing of electrical angle 195 ° across the electricity of the timing of electrical angle 345 ° In the interval of air horn 150 °, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.
Additionally, the switch element 38b of the side of the positive electrode of V phase in the timing from electrical angle 315 ° across electrical angle In the interval of the electrical angle of the timing of 105 ° 150 °, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.Additionally, V phase The switch element 38b of side of the positive electrode connects, at determining to electrical angle 285 ° in the timing of electrical angle 135 ° Time disconnect electrical angle 150 ° interval in, often connect.On the other hand, the opening of the negative side of V phase Close element 38e from the timing of electrical angle 315 ° across the electrical angle 150 ° of the timing of electrical angle 105 ° In interval, alternately it be switched on and disconnect.
Further, the switch element 38c of the side of the positive electrode of W phase in the timing from electrical angle 255 ° across electrical angle In the interval of the electrical angle of the timing of 45 ° 150 °, often connect.Additionally, the opening of the side of the positive electrode of W phase Close element 38c from the timing of electrical angle 75 ° across the district of the electrical angle 150 ° of the timing of electrical angle 225 ° In, alternately it is switched on and disconnects.Additionally, the switch element 38c of the negative side of W phase is from electricity The timing that air horn is 75 ° is in the interval of the electrical angle 150 ° of the timing of electrical angle 225 °, and alternately switching connects On and off is opened.
So, threeway electric control, it is respectively turned on the electrical angle 150 ° of switch element 38a～38f Interval, controls with the first energising and is respectively turned on the electricity of switch element 38a～38f in low-intensity magnetic field control The interval that air horn is 120 ° is compared, and length is equivalent to electrical angle 30 °.That is, before the interval of electrical angle 120 ° Rear each long electrical angle 15 °.
Then, when controlling substrate 36 and installing detection sensor 41～43, it is assumed that installation site produces Error, the situation that detection sensor 41～43 distance each other is different from the distance as purpose. In this case, if infer the rotation of rotor 27 according to the switching signal of detection sensor 41～43 Position, the actual position of rotation of rotor 27 and the position of rotation of deduction produce deviation.Therefore, if Switching signal according to detection sensor 41～43 performs that the first energising controls, low-intensity magnetic field controls, the Threeway electric control, it is likely that during the timing of on/off switch element 38a～38f and energising Inappropriate.
In order to avoid this undesirable condition, driving means 37 is able to carry out following this control.First, The time diagram of Figure 21 illustrates an example of the ideal waveform of the switching signal of detection sensor 41～43.For For the sake of convenience, the time diagram of Figure 21 illustrates electrical angle with the interval of every 60 °.Detection sensor 41～ The ideal waveform of the switching signal of 43 disconnects toggle edges, and from connecing every electrical angle 60 ° from being switched to Lead to disconnection toggle edges.
Driving means 37 is in order to revise the phase deviation of the switching signal of detection sensor 41～43, root According to the edge switching timing of the switching signal of regulation, infer the edge switching timing produced thereafter.
Such as, if the switching of every edge timing calculates the edge switching timing that electrical angle 120 ° is front, then The edge switching timing of the switching signal of the detection sensor 43 according to U phase, infers the detection of V phase The edge switching timing of the switching signal of sensor 43.It addition, according to the detection sensor 43 of V phase The edge switching timing of switching signal, infer the limit of the switching signal of the detection sensor 43 of W phase Edge switching timing.Additionally, the edge switching according to the switching signal of the detection sensor 43 of W phase is fixed Time, infer the edge switching timing of the switching signal of the detection sensor 43 of U phase.
Here, in the time diagram shown in Figure 22, according to the switch letter of the detection sensor 43 of U phase Number edge switching timing, the V phase that electrical angle 120 ° is front detection sensor 42 preferable edge The computational methods of switching timing can pass through below formula (1), formula (2) represents.
Time (Δ t120)=Δ t180 × 0.67 that electrical angle is 120 ° ... formula (1)
120 ° of front timing (p120)=Δ t120+FRT of electrical angle ... formula (2)
Here, 0.67 is the interval of the electrical angle 180 ° connected for switching signal or be continuously turned on The coefficient that electrical angle is 120 °, Δ t180 is the interval corresponding time of electrical angle 180 °, and FRT is to drive The time of the time device metering of dynamic device 37.That is, every edge of the switching signal of detection sensor 43 Switching timing, infers from this timing detection sensor 42 of the V phase of generation after electrical angle 120 ° Preferable switching timing in switching signal.
The driving means 37 of present embodiment, based on preferable switching timing, is asked with electrical angle Go out the phase contrast of switching timing with actually detected switching signal, by revising this phase contrast, try to achieve The ideal waveform of switching signal.Then, driving means 37 is carrying out the first energising control, low-intensity magnetic field In the case of control, threeway electric control, according to the ideal waveform of switching signal, control switch element The on/off of 38a～38f.
Then, the concrete fixed case of switching signal is described.Here, by detection sensing corresponding for V The switching signal of device 42 as reference signal, illustrates to revise other the opening of detection sensor 41,43 The example of OFF signal.This is because in detection sensor 41～43, detection sensor 42 is closest to passing Sensor magnet 34, it is possible to stable signal detected.
(fixed case 1)
First, with reference to the time diagram of Figure 23, illustrate, on the basis of the detection sensor 42 of V phase, to repair The switching signal of the detection sensor 43 of positive U phase.Detection sensor 41～43 shown in Figure 23 Switching signal is identical with the switching signal of the detection sensor 41～43 shown in Figure 17.Rise for convenience Seeing, the time diagram of Figure 23 illustrates electrical angle with the interval of every 60 °.
Shown in dotted line, the ideal waveform of switching signal of detection sensor 43 with electrical angle 0 ° connection, And after the interval of electrical angle 180 ° is continuously turned on, the exchange-column shift electrical angle 180 ° is disconnection. That is, the ideal waveform of the switching signal of detection sensor 43, from the switch connecting detection sensor 42 The timing of the electrical angle of signal 120 °, the electrical angle that the interval to electrical angle 120 ° is delayed 60 ° (p1) Timing disconnect.
On the other hand, as shown by the solid line, the actual waveform of the switching signal of detection sensor 43 supposes Timing electrical angle 30 ° is connected, and after the interval disconnection of electrical angle 180 °, electrical angle 210 ° The situation that the timing of (p1 ') disconnects.That is, at preferable electrical angle 180 ° and actual electrical angle 210 ° There is the interval phase contrast (deviation) being equivalent to electrical angle 30 °.This point can pass through formula (3) table Show.
Phase contrast=p1 '-p1 ... formula (3)
Driving means 37 is often detected by the switching signal of detection sensor 43 and is equivalent to electrical angle The interval time Δ t180 of 180 °.Then, calculate and be equivalent to from connecting detection the determining of sensor 42 Time to interval ideal time of preferable electrical angle 60 ° of timing of disconnection detection sensor 43 Δt60.Additionally, driving means 37 calculate be equivalent to from connect detection sensor 42 be timed to break Open the interval elapsed time Δ treal60 of the actual electrical angle 60 ° of the timing of detection sensor 43. Further, driving means 37 tries to achieve detection biography from the difference of ideal time Δ t60 and elapsed time Δ treal60 Adjusted value (correction value) AdjPhase of the switching signal of sensor 43.This process can pass through formula (4), Formula (5) represents.
Δ t60=Δ t180 × 0.334 ... formula (4)
AdjPhase=Δ t60-Δ treal60 ... formula (5)
Here, 0.334 is the interval of the electrical angle 180 ° connected for switching signal or be continuously turned on The interval coefficient of electrical angle 60 °.
Then, driving means 37 is modified the process of the timing of electrical angle 180 ° (p1), electrically The timing at angle 180 ° (p1) makes the connection timing of the switching signal of detection sensor 43 from electrical angle 210 ° Angle is entered in the interval of electrical angle 30 °.I.e., it is possible to by the switching signal from connection detection sensor 42 It is timed to the interval of electrical angle of the timing of the switching signal of disconnection detection sensor 43 as preferably Electrical angle 60 °.
(fixed case 2)
Then, with reference to the time diagram of Figure 15, illustrate, on the basis of the detection sensor 42 of V phase, to repair The switching signal of the detection sensor 41 of positive W phase.Detection sensor 41～43 shown in Figure 24 Switching signal is identical with the switching signal of the detection sensor 41～43 shown in Figure 17.Rise for convenience Seeing, the time diagram of Figure 24 illustrates electrical angle with the interval of every 60 °.Shown in dotted line, detect sensor The ideal waveform of the switching signal of 41 is with electrical angle 60 ° connection, and continues across the interval of electrical angle 180 ° After disconnection, switch to connection electrical angle 240 °.That is, the reason of the switching signal of detection sensor 41 Think waveform, from the timing of the electrical angle 120 ° of the switching signal connecting detection sensor 42, to electrically The timing of the electrical angle 240 ° (p1) that the interval that angle is 120 ° is delayed disconnects.
On the other hand, as shown by the solid line, the actual waveform of the switching signal of detection sensor 41 supposes Connect with the timing of electrical angle 30 °, and after the interval disconnection of electrical angle 180 °, electrical angle 210 ° The situation that the timing of (p1 ') is connected.That is, at preferable electrical angle 240 ° and actual electrical angle 210 ° There is the interval phase contrast (deviation) being equivalent to electrical angle 30 °.This phase contrast is represented by formula (6).
Phase contrast=p1-p1 ' ... formula (6)
Driving means 37 is often detected by the switching signal of detection sensor 41 and is equivalent to electrical angle The interval time Δ t180 of 180 °.Then, calculate and be equivalent to from connecting detection the determining of sensor 42 Time to interval ideal time of preferable electrical angle 120 ° of timing of disconnection detection sensor 41 Δt120.Be equivalent to from connecting being timed to of detection sensor 42 additionally, control circuit 50 calculates The interval elapsed time of the actual electrical angle 90 ° of the timing of disconnection detection sensor 41 Δtreal120.Additionally, control circuit 50 is from ideal time Δ t120's and elapsed time Δ treal120 Difference tries to achieve adjusted value (correction value) AdjPhase of the switching signal of detection sensor 41.This process Represented by formula (7).
AdjPhase=Δ t120-Δ treal120 ... formula (7)
Then, the electricity connecting timing of the switching signal that control circuit 50 is revised from detection sensor 41 Air horn 240 °, the timing of electrical angle 360 ° (p2) in the interval of electrical angle 120 °, connect detection The switching signal of sensor 43.I.e., it is possible to will turn on the timing of the switching signal of detection sensor 41 The interval of electrical angle of the timing of the switching signal of sensor 43 is detected as the most electrically to connection 120 ° of angle.This process can be passed through formula (8) and represent.
P2=p120+AdjPhase ... formula (8)
This formula (8) represents that use adjusted value (correction value) AdjPhase tries to achieve from electrical angle 210 ° Timing is at the timing P2 of the electrical angle of the switching signal of the timing connection of electrical angle 120 ° (p120).
If additionally, the disconnection timing before the adjustment from the switching signal as detection sensor 41 Electrical angle 210 ° carry out making inspection in the timing of the interval electrical angle 330 ° (p2 ') of electrical angle 120 ° Survey the correction that the switching signal of sensor 43 is connected, be then equivalent to the 360 ° of generations of preferable electrical angle The interval phase contrast of electrical angle 30 °.
Then, include above-mentioned control method is described by the flow chart of Figure 25.Driving means 37 performs In the detection sensor detecting sensor 43, the detection sensor 42 of V phase, W phase of detection U phase The edge switching timing (step S1) of switching signal of any one detection sensor and step S2～ The process of step S5.
The process of step S2 is passed through
Tn-3=Tn-2
Representing, the process of step S3 is passed through
Tn-2=Tn-1
Representing, the process of step S4 is passed through
Tn-1=Tn
Represent.
Tn is the interval corresponding up-to-date Dose times of electrical angle 60 °, and Tn-1 is than up-to-date metering Time 60 ° of corresponding Dose times of electrical angle the most once, Tn-2 is more Zao than up-to-date Dose times two 60 ° of corresponding Dose times of secondary electrical angle, Tn-3 is electric than Zao three times of up-to-date Dose times Dose times corresponding to 60 ° of angle.That is, expression updates the most once～morning in step S2～step S4 The Dose times of the electrical angle of three times 60 °.Driving means 37 obtains electrical angle 60 ° in step s 5 Interval corresponding up-to-date Dose times.
Driving means 37 is in step S6 of then step S5, it is judged that the detection sensor 43 of U phase The edge of switching signal be whether the timing of switching.If driving means 37 judges in step s 6, Then carry out step S7.Such as, the example judged in step s 6 is the electrical angle 360 ° of Figure 22 Timing.Then, driving means 37 in the step s 7, from detection sensor 43 switching signal The interval corresponding time Δ t180 of electrical angle 180 ° try to achieve interval corresponding time of electrical angle 120 ° Δt120。
Driving means 37 then step S7 performs step S8～the process of step S11, performs step The process finishing control program of S17.The process of step S8～step S11 is the time with reference to Figure 23 The process of figure explanation.First, the process in step S8 is the switch of the detection sensor 43 from U phase The interval corresponding time Δ t180 of the electrical angle of signal 180 ° tries to achieve the interval of preferable electrical angle 60 ° The process of corresponding preferable time Δ t60.
The process of step S9 is to calculate the disconnection that is timed to be equivalent to from connecting detection sensor 42 to examine Survey the interval elapsed time Δ treal60 process of the actual electrical angle 60 ° of the timing of sensor 43.
The process of step S10 is to try to achieve the interval of preferable electrical angle 60 ° and actual electrical angle 60 ° The process of interval phase contrast (deviation).This process is passed through
Phase contrast=Δ t60-Δ t60 '
Represent.Wherein, Δ treal60 equivalent in Δ t60 ' and formula (5).
It addition, in step s 11, carry out the connection timing of switching signal by detection sensor 43 It is modified to enter in the interval of electrical angle 30 ° the timing of the electrical angle 180 ° (p1) at angle from electrical angle 210 ° Process.
Processing of step S17 uses as the switching signal of benchmark, revised switching signal, selects Perform first energising control, low-intensity magnetic field control, threeway electric control any one.
On the other hand, driving means 37 is judged as NO in step S6, in step s 12, it is judged that inspection Whether the switching signal surveying sensor 41 is the timing switched.If driving means 37 is in step S12 It is judged as YES, then performs step S13～the process of step S16, via step S17 finishing control journey Sequence.
It is the process of the time diagram explanation with reference to Figure 24 from the process of step S13 to step S16.First First, the process in step S13 is the electrical angle 180 ° of the switching signal detecting sensor 41 from W phase Interval corresponding time Δ t180 try to achieve interval corresponding preferable time of preferable electrical angle 120 ° The process of Δ t120.
The process of step S14 is will to detect from the connection that is timed to connecting nearest detection sensor 42 The interval corresponding time Δ t120 ' conduct of the preferable electrical angle of sensor 43 120 °
Δ t120 '=Tn-Tn-1
The process obtained.
The process of step S15 is to try to achieve the interval of preferable electrical angle 120 ° and actual electrical angle 90 ° The process of interval phase contrast (deviation).This process is passed through
Phase contrast=Δ t120-Δ t120 '
Represent.
It addition, in step s 16, carry out the connection timing of switching signal by detection sensor 41 It is modified to the timing of the electrical angle 240 ° (p1) postponed from electrical angle 210 ° in the interval of electrical angle 30 ° Process.
As it has been described above, electric machine 17 can be according to the switching signal correction detection of detection sensor 42 The switching signal of sensor 41,43.Therefore, even if at detection sensor 41,42,43 each other In the case of distance has error for preferable distance, use revised switching signal, it is also possible to really Carry out the first energising control with cutting, low-intensity magnetic field controls, threeway electric control.That is, comprehensive Wiper arm The operating position of 15, action are towards, the condition of load, pattern etc., it is possible to obtain brushless electric machine 18 The rotation number of rotor 27, moment of torsion etc..Therefore, it is possible to improve the efficiency of electric machine 17, suppression Noise, avoidance vibration.
Additionally, due to the switching signal of detection sensor 41,42,43 can be revised, therefore, it is possible to Controlling the same plane configuration detection sensor 41,42,43 of substrate 36.Therefore, at rotor Around it is not provided with special sensor support member owing to being provided with 3 detection sensors.Therefore, It is not provided with being connected to 3 detection sensors that special sensor support member arranges and control circuit Guide line etc..Therefore, it is possible to realize the miniaturization of electric machine 17, cost degradation.
In above-mentioned embodiment 2 explanation driving means 37 be equivalent to the present invention signal correction portion, Element control portion.In the first energising controls, the timing of the electrical angle of ON switch element 38a 30 ° Be equivalent to first timing of the present invention, ON switch element in low-intensity magnetic field control, threeway electric control The timing of the electrical angle of 38a 15 ° is equivalent to the second switch of the present invention.It addition, reducing gear 19, Prop up pivot 14 and be equivalent to the Poewr transmission mechanism of the present invention.Additionally, step S7～step S11, step Rapid S13～step S16 are equivalent to the first step of the present invention, and step S17 is equivalent to the of the present invention Two steps.
Inventive drive means is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment 2, at model without departing from the spirit All changes can be carried out in enclosing.Such as, the switching signal of the detection sensor of U phase is used, it is also possible to Revise the switching signal of other detection sensor.It addition, use opening of the detection sensor of W phase OFF signal, it is also possible to revise the switching signal of other detection sensor.Further, the present invention's is brushless Motor includes that Y-shaped shape is connected to the structure of the star-star connection of armature coil.The brushless electric machine of the present invention Also comprising rotor is IPM (Interior Permanent Magnet: built-in type permanent-magnet) structure.IPM Structure is the structure at the inside of rotor core embedment permanet magnet.Further, first period does not limit electrically 120 ° of angle, can be less than electrical angle 120 °, it is also possible to higher than electrical angle 120 °.
The brushless electric machine of the present invention include rotor configuration the internal tooth wheel shape of the inner side of stator structure, turn Son is arranged in the structure of the external tooth wheel shape outside stator.
The wiper device of the present invention includes that windshield wiper blade whisks off the parts of rear glass.That is, the scraping of the present invention The windshield of water heater device includes front glass and rear glass.Further, the wiper device bag of the present invention Include the composition independently being driven two wiper by a brushless electric machine.
The brushless electric machine of embodiment 2, in addition to making the wiper motor of wiper device action, also Including making for being arranged in the power sliding door device of vehicle, skylight device, power vehicle window device etc. The action component actions such as door, top, glass and the brushless electric machine that arranges.
Industrial applicability
The brushless electric machine of the present invention, electric machine and control method can utilize setting on vehicle Wiper device, power sliding door device, skylight device and power vehicle window device.

Claims (13)

1. a brushless electric machine, supplies electric current to coil, and rotor rotates, it is characterised in that
Described brushless electric machine possesses control portion, and described control portion performs switching the first energising and controls Control with the second energising,
In described first energising controls, start to described coil electricity in the first timing, and Continue energising across first period and control the rotation number of described rotor,
In described second energising controls, entering angle with electrical angle compared with described first timing The second timing, start to described coil electricity, and across longer than described first period second Period continues energising, and controls the rotation number of described rotor.
Brushless electric machine the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described second timing is entered angle with electrical angle by 30 ° relative to described first timing.
Brushless electric machine the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
Described first period is electrical angle 120 °,
The described second phase is electrical angle more than 135 ° and electrical angle less than 165 °.
Brushless electric machine the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Described rotor possesses:
Armature spindle, is provided with rotor core at outer peripheral face；And
The permanet magnet of 4 poles, the circumferencial direction along described armature spindle is arranged in described rotor core Outer peripheral face,
The stator possessing multiple described coils it is provided with in the outside of described rotor,
Multiple described coils are provided with 6 on the circumferencial direction of described armature spindle at spaced intervals Groove.
5. a wiper device, it is characterised in that have:
Brushless electric machine according to claim 1；And
Wiper, is passed the power of the rotor of described brushless electric machine and action, whisks off vehicle Front glass.
Wiper device the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
Described wiper device is provided with pattern switching part, and the switching of described pattern switching part selects Make at a predetermined rate described wiper action low-speed mode and with described low-speed mode phase The high speed of ratio makes the fast mode of described wiper action,
Described control portion, when selecting described fast mode, performs described second energising and controls.
7. an electric machine, it is the electric machine that rotor rotates to multiple coils supply electric current, It is characterized in that having:
Multiple switch elements, are respectively turned on or disconnect in the electric current of multiple described coils Feed path；
Multiple detection sensors, are arranged on phase different from each other in the direction of rotation of described rotor Position, and detect the phase place of the direction of rotation of described rotor, produce output signal；
Signal correction portion, by any one the detection sensor in multiple described detection sensors Output signal, as reference signal, revises the output signal of other detection sensors；And
Element control portion, according to described reference signal and revised described output signal, It is respectively turned on or disconnects multiple described switch element.
Electric machine the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
Described element control portion performs switching the first energising and controls to control with the second energising,
In described first energising controls, start to multiple described coil electricities in the first timing, Control the output of rotor,
In described second energising controls, only enter fixed electric of angle gauge from than described first timing Second timing at angle, to multiple described coil electricities, controls the output of rotor.
Electric machine the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that
Described element control portion performs threeway electric control, in described threeway electric control, Across the time longer than the time that coil described in the second energising control is persistently energized, to described line Circle energising.
Electric machine the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
Described electric machine be provided with installation multiple switch elements, multiple described detection sensor, Described signal correction portion and the control substrate in described element control portion.
11. electric machines according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
Described rotor possesses:
Armature spindle, is provided with rotor core at outer peripheral face；And
The permanet magnet of 4 poles, the circumferencial direction along described armature spindle is arranged in described rotor core Outer peripheral face,
The stator possessing multiple described coils it is provided with in the outside of described rotor,
Multiple described coils are provided with 6 at spaced intervals at the circumferencial direction of described armature spindle Groove.
12. electric machines according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
Described electric machine is provided with the front glass that the moment of torsion of described rotor is delivered to whisk off vehicle The Poewr transmission mechanism of the wiper of glass.
The control method of 13. 1 kinds of electric machines, it is to control the described rotor described in claim 7 The control method of the electric machine of output, it is characterised in that including:
First step, detects the defeated of sensor by any one in multiple described detection sensors Go out signal as reference signal, revise the output signal of other detection sensors；And
Second step, according to described reference signal and revised described output signal, point Do not connect or disconnect multiple described switch element.
CN201480071145.9A 2013-12-25 2014-12-22 Brushless motor and wiper device, motor device and motor device control method Pending CN105850027A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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JP2013267084A JP6239377B2 (en) 2013-12-25 2013-12-25 Brushless motor and wiper device
JP2013267085A JP6239378B2 (en) 2013-12-25 2013-12-25 WIPER DEVICE AND WIPER DEVICE CONTROL METHOD
JP2013-267084 2013-12-25
JP2013-267085 2013-12-25
PCT/JP2014/083821 WO2015098789A1 (en) 2013-12-25 2014-12-22 Brushless motor and wiper device, motor device and motor device control method

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US20180323733A1 (en) 2018-11-08
EP3089350A4 (en) 2017-11-22

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