CN105842727B - A kind of transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN105842727B CN105842727B CN201610385141.9A CN201610385141A CN105842727B CN 105842727 B CN105842727 B CN 105842727B CN 201610385141 A CN201610385141 A CN 201610385141A CN 105842727 B CN105842727 B CN 105842727B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus, anode rear perpheral in described device is fixedly installed cone, the periphery of cone is provided with export head, export head and cage connection, the periphery of snap ring is fixedly installed inner cylinder, lamel cathode is pressed on by snap ring in inner cylinder, the periphery of inner cylinder is provided with outer barrel, insulating layer is provided between inner cylinder and outer barrel, the periphery of outer barrel is provided with retaining ring, dead ring is pressed on by retaining ring in cone outer barrel, outer barrel is connect by connection ring with export head, shell is fixedly connected with high-voltage tube, being connected with ceramics on high-voltage tube central axes in turn can valve, connect needle, insulating cylinder, high-head, current-limiting resistance respectively with inner cylinder, ceramics can valve connection.Lamel cathode in the present invention can provide condition for photoelectron subsequent processing, and the flat response filter disc in application and XRD detectors is integrated, and more compact structure can realize inertial confinement fusion field soft x-ray radiation flow measurement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soft x-ray radiation flow measurement fields, and in particular to a kind of transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation stream
Measuring device.
Background technology
In laser-produced fusion research, radiant flux is present among entire physical process, the X-ray radiation including hohlraum physics
Stream, pellet self-luminous of implosion physics etc..It is symmetrical in order to study the intensity in Hohlraum radiation source, radiation temperature and implosion irradiation
Property with thermonuclear burn process etc., the measurement of radiant flux is indispensable.
There is flat response X-ray diode to the capital equipment for radiating flow measurement at present（FXRD）, X-ray diode（XRD）Array
The soft-X-ray laser of composition（SXS）Etc. equipment.Flat response XRD is a kind of to realize X-ray flat response using multiple filter and XRD
Detector.XRD cathode sensitivities are on a declining curve with X-ray energy, and filter disc transmitance is then in rising trend with x-ray spectroscopy.
Using the complementary relationship of the two, the multiple filter of different area proportioning carries out weight proportioning to X-ray, is responded in conjunction with XRD, you can
Realize ideal flat response characteristic.Laser Fusion Research Center, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics is combined using au cathode XRD with gold
Filter disc realizes the flat response of 0.1 keV-5 keV ranges, including golden M bands.Multiple filter 400 nms identical for shape
It is formed with the golden film of 50 nm, two kinds of thickness, area proportioning is 1：6.5.To realize that the area matches, existed using photoetching technique
Array of orifices is etched on 400 nm thick gold membranes.And the light splitting of soft-X-ray laser application filter method carries out spectral measurement.Filter method
Light splitting is the transmitance mutation at respective L or K ABSORPTION EDGEs energy using certain elements, and a continuous X-ray spectrum " is cut
Cut " into several narrow spectral coverages.XRD detectors are configured in optical filter, form soft X-ray detection road system.In order to inhibit filter disc-XRD
Road high energy tail portion is detected, X-ray plane mirror is also configured in low energy road.Finally, the XRD of high voltage power supply is configured in array, leads to
It crosses microwave cable and transmits signals to digital oscilloscope, data acquisition.
The exploring block of these devices is vacuum X-ray diode.The X-ray diode used at present is windowless slab construction
Photodetector, have that the response time is fast, good in anti-interference performance, the advantages that convenient for Sensitivity Calibration.When detector works, arteries and veins
Subgroup is washed off across meshed anode, beats on cathode, generates photoelectricity subgroup, photoelectron is fast under the acceleration of negative and positive interpolar highfield
Speed returns to anode, so as to induce pulse current output electric pulse in output circuit.This XRD is also referred to as reflective two pole
Pipe, time are distinguished as tens picosecond magnitudes.
Although high-precision quantitative measurment can be achieved in these devices in X-ray radiation flow measurement, research needs can be met,
But it has the following disadvantages：（1）Subsequent processing can not be carried out to the electronics that detector generates.For reflective detector, X ray
Across the anode of wire-grid structure, cathode is exposed to, generates photoelectron.Under the action of electric field, photoelectron is moved to aperture plate, is generated
Output current.Due to structure and work characteristics, the photoelectron that detector generates can not carry out subsequent processing.（2）Apparatus structure is not
It is enough compact.There are many device constituent element, and calibration link is more, and installation is complicated, and various uncertain factors cause measurement result not true
Surely it spends bigger than normal.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve can not be to visiting present in soft x-ray radiation stream quantitative measurment in prior art
Survey the electronics that device generates carry out subsequent processing, it is complicated the problem of, a kind of transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation stream is provided and is surveyed
Measure device.The transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus of the present invention can provide condition for photoelectron subsequent processing, tie
Structure is more compact, can realize inertial confinement fusion field, hohlraum physics, radiation transport, radiation ablation, radiopacity and interior
Quick-fried dynamic (dynamical) soft x-ray radiation flow measurement.
Technical scheme is as follows：
The transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus of the present invention, its main feature is that, the measuring device includes
Shell, export head, cone, anode, lamel cathode, snap ring, inner cylinder, insulating layer, dead ring, retaining ring, outer barrel, connection ring, limit
Leakage resistance, high-voltage tube, ceramics can valve, connection needle, insulating cylinder, connecting cylinder, high-head, the shell for ring-type, anode is by three sections
The metal cylinder of different-diameter is formed.Its connection relation is to be provided with export head, cone, sun on central axis inside the shell
Pole, outer barrel, insulating layer, lamel cathode, snap ring, inner cylinder, dead ring, anode rear perpheral are fixedly installed cone, cone it is outer
It encloses and is fixedly installed export head, export head passes through screw and cage connection.The periphery of snap ring is fixedly installed inner cylinder, lamel cathode
It is pressed in inner cylinder by snap ring.The periphery of inner cylinder is provided with outer barrel, is provided with insulating layer between inner cylinder and outer barrel, outer barrel it is outer
It encloses and is provided with retaining ring, dead ring is pressed on by retaining ring in cone outer barrel.Outer barrel is connect by connection ring with export head.Institute
There is a gap between the lamel cathode and anode stated.Shell is fixedly connected with high-voltage tube, and pottery is disposed on high-voltage tube central axes
Porcelain can valve, connection needle, insulating cylinder, high-head.Connection needle is wrapped in insulating cylinder.Ceramics can the lower end of valve and high-voltage tube fixation company
It connects, upper end is connect by connecting needle with high-head.High-head is connect by connecting cylinder with high-voltage tube.One end of current-limiting resistance with it is interior
Cylinder connection, the other end are fixedly connected with ceramic core needle that can be in valve.
Gap between the lamel cathode and anode is 1-3mm.
The lamel cathode is made of the band pinhole array metal film on the silicon ring of bottom, the metal film in middle level, upper strata.
The export head connector is SMA types, one kind in N-type, BNC types.
The impedance of the anode, cone to export head is 50 Ω.
The material of the anode is using one kind in copper, aluminium, gold.
The invention has the advantages that the lamel cathode in the present invention, the photoelectron generated is not done with incident X-rays light path
It relates to, condition is provided for photoelectronic subsequent processing, can realize inertial confinement fusion field, hohlraum physics, radiation transport, radiation
The soft x-ray radiation flow measurement of ablation, radiopacity and implosion dynamics.The present invention is by the flat response filter disc in application
Integrated, the more compact structure with XRD detectors reduces filter disc installation and staking-out work so that radiation flow measurement is more convenient.
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of the transmissive cathode in the present invention.
In figure, 1. shell, 2. export head, 3. cone, 4. anode, 5. lamel cathode, 6. snap ring, 7. inner cylinder, 8. insulating layer
9. 14. high-voltage tube of dead ring 10. retaining ring, 11. outer barrel, 12. connection ring, 13. current-limiting resistance, 15. ceramics can valve 16. connect
20. silicon ring of needle 17. insulating cylinder, 18. connecting cylinder, 19. high-head, 21. metal film 22. is connect with pinhole array metal film.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is this hair
The structure diagram of transmissive cathode in bright.In Fig. 1,2, transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measurement of the invention dress
It puts, including shell 1, export head 2, cone 3, anode 4, lamel cathode 5, snap ring 6, inner cylinder 7, insulating layer 8, dead ring 9, retaining ring
10th, outer barrel 11, connection ring 12, current-limiting resistance 13, high-voltage tube 14, ceramics can valve 15, connection needle 16, insulating cylinder 17, connecting cylinder 18,
High-head 19, the shell 1 are ring-type, and anode 4 is made of the metal cylinder of three sections of different-diameters.Its connection relation is,
Export head 2, cone 3, anode 4, outer barrel 11, insulating layer 8, lamel cathode 5, snap ring 6, interior is provided in shell 1 on central axis
Cylinder 7, dead ring 9,4 rear perpheral of anode are fixedly installed cone 3, and the periphery of cone 3 is fixedly installed export head 2, export head 2
It is connect by screw with shell 1.The periphery of snap ring 6 is fixedly installed inner cylinder 7, and lamel cathode 5 is pressed on inner cylinder 7 by snap ring 6
It is interior.The periphery of inner cylinder 7 is provided with outer barrel 11, and insulating layer 8 is provided between inner cylinder 7 and outer barrel 11, and the periphery of outer barrel 11 is provided with
Retaining ring 10, dead ring 9 are pressed on by retaining ring 10 in cone outer barrel 11.Outer barrel 11 is connected by connection ring 12 and export head 2
It connects.There is a gap between the lamel cathode 5 and anode 4.Shell 1 is fixedly connected with high-voltage tube 14, on 14 central axes of high-voltage tube
Being disposed with ceramics can valve 15, connection needle 16, insulating cylinder 17, high-head 19.Connection needle 16 is wrapped in insulating cylinder 17.Ceramics
Can the lower end of valve 15 be fixedly connected with high-voltage tube 14, upper end is connect by connecting needle 16 with high-head 19.High-head 19 passes through company
Connect cylinder 18 is connect with high-voltage tube 14.One end of current-limiting resistance 13 is connect with inner cylinder 7, and the other end is consolidated with the core needle that ceramics can be in valve 15
Fixed connection.
The lamel cathode 5 by the silicon ring 20 of bottom, the metal film 21 in middle level, upper strata band pinhole array metal film 22
It forms.
The impedance of the anode 4, cone 3 to export head 2 is 50 Ω.
In the present embodiment, the gap between the lamel cathode 5 and anode 4 is 2 mm, and 2 connector of export head is SMA types, positive
The material of pole 4 uses copper.
1 material of shell is using stainless steel, and 3 material of cone uses aluminium, and 6 material of snap ring is aluminium, and 7 material of inner cylinder is using stainless
Steel, 8 material of insulating layer use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and 9 material of dead ring uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and 10 material of retaining ring uses copper, outside
For 11 materials of cylinder using copper, 12 material of connection ring uses copper, and 13 resistance value of current-limiting resistance is 10M Ω, and 14 material of high-voltage tube is not using
Become rusty steel, and for 16 material of connection needle using silver, 17 material of insulating cylinder uses polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and 18 material of connecting cylinder uses copper.
The lamel cathode 5 is the circle of a diameter of 10 mm.The middle layer metal film 21 of lamel cathode 5 is 50 nm thickness
Golden film, upper strata with pinhole array metal film 22 be thickness 400nm golden film.Needle is etched on band pinhole array metal film 22
Hole array, pinhole array are made of 100x100 a diameter of 35 μm of aperture.
The transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus workflow of the present invention is as follows：
Export head 2 in the present invention is connect by cable with oscillograph.High-head 19 is connect by cable with DC power supply,
Power supply offer -2000V is biased, and applies electric field between lamel cathode 5 and anode 4, while is inner cylinder 7, insulating layer 8, outer barrel 11
The storage capacitor charging of composition ensures that twinkling signal output has enough quantities of electric charge.When x-ray bombardment to lamel cathode 5, electronics production
Life is simultaneously flown under electric field action to anode 4, passes through cone 3, export head 2, cable transmission to oscillograph.According to formula,Wherein：For radiant flux,For signal attenuation multiple,For oscillograph impedance,Spy for the present invention
Device receptance function is surveyed,For solid angle, radiant flux can be calculated and change over time result.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is identical with the structure of embodiment 1, except that the gap between lamel cathode 5 and anode 4 is 1
Mm, 2 connector of export head are N-type, and the material of anode 4 is using gold.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is identical with the structure of embodiment 1, except that the gap between lamel cathode 5 and anode 4 is 3
Mm, 2 connector of export head are BNC types, and the material of anode 4 uses aluminium.
What is finally illustrated is：The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, to the greatest extent
Pipe is with reference to the foregoing embodiments described in detail the present invention, still can be right for those skilled in the art
Technical solution recorded in previous embodiment modifies or to which part feature equivalent replacement, any modification made,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus, which is characterized in that the measuring device includes shell
（1）, export head（2）, cone（3）, anode（4）, lamel cathode（5）, snap ring（6）, inner cylinder（7）, insulating layer（8）, dead ring
（9）, retaining ring（10）, outer barrel（11）, connection ring（12）, current-limiting resistance（13）, high-voltage tube（14）, ceramics can valve（15）, connection
Needle（16）, insulating cylinder（17）, connecting cylinder（18）, high-head（19）, the shell（1）For ring-type, anode（4）It is straight by three sections of differences
The metal cylinder of diameter is formed；Its connection relation is, in shell（1）Export head is provided on interior central axis（2）, cone（3）、
Anode（4）, outer barrel（11）, insulating layer（8）, lamel cathode（5）, snap ring（6）, inner cylinder（7）, dead ring（9）, anode（4）Rear end
Periphery is fixedly installed cone（3）, cone（3）Periphery be fixedly installed export head（2）, export head（2）By screw and outside
Shell（1）Connection；Snap ring（6）Periphery be fixedly installed inner cylinder（7）, lamel cathode（5）Pass through snap ring（6）It is pressed on inner cylinder（7）
It is interior；Inner cylinder（7）Periphery be provided with outer barrel（11）, inner cylinder（7）With outer barrel（11）Between be provided with insulating layer（8）, outer barrel（11）
Periphery be provided with retaining ring（10）, dead ring（9）Pass through retaining ring（10）It is pressed on outer barrel（11）It is interior；Outer barrel（11）Pass through company
Connect ring（12）With export head（2）Connection；The lamel cathode（5）With anode（4）Between have a gap；Shell（1）It is fixedly connected
There is high-voltage tube（14）, high-voltage tube（14）Ceramics are disposed on central axes can valve（15）, connection needle（16）, insulating cylinder（17）、
High-head（19）；Connect needle（16）It is wrapped in insulating cylinder（17）It is interior；Ceramics can valve（15）Lower end and high-voltage tube（14）It is fixed to connect
It connects, upper end is by connecting needle（16）With high-head（19）Connection；High-head（19）Pass through connecting cylinder（18）With high-voltage tube（14）Even
It connects；Current-limiting resistance（13）One end and inner cylinder（7）Connection, the other end can valves with ceramics（15）In core needle be fixedly connected.
2. transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Lamel cathode（5）With anode（4）Between gap be 1-3 mm.
3. transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Lamel cathode（5）By the silicon ring of bottom（20）, middle level metal film（21）, upper strata band pinhole array metal film（22）It forms.
4. transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Export head（2）Connector is SMA types, one kind in N-type, BNC types.
5. transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Anode（4）, cone（3）To export head（2）Impedance be 50 Ω.
6. transmission-type flat response soft x-ray radiation flow measuring apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Anode（4）Material using copper, aluminium, gold in one kind.
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| CN114446742B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2024-04-26 | 苏州闻道电子科技有限公司 | Miniaturized X-ray diode |
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