CN113655512B - Method for measuring symmetry of X-ray radiation of black cavity M band - Google Patents
Method for measuring symmetry of X-ray radiation of black cavity M band Download PDFInfo
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- CN113655512B CN113655512B CN202110725477.6A CN202110725477A CN113655512B CN 113655512 B CN113655512 B CN 113655512B CN 202110725477 A CN202110725477 A CN 202110725477A CN 113655512 B CN113655512 B CN 113655512B
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002073 fluorescence micrograph Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the symmetry of X-ray radiation in a black cavity M, which comprises the steps of firstly, placing the centers of a black cavity, a single-energy channel, a pinhole array, a micro-channel plate and X-ray imaging equipment on the same straight line, wherein diagnostic holes are formed in the centers of two side walls of the black cavity, coating fluorescent materials on a target ball, and placing the target ball in the center of the black cavity; laser is injected into the black cavity, the laser is converted into soft X-rays and M-band X-rays in the black cavity, the M-band X-rays can be irradiated on the target ball to induce characteristic fluorescence, the characteristic fluorescence is emitted from the diagnosis hole, a single-energy target ball fluorescent image is obtained on the X-ray imaging equipment after passing through the single-energy channel, the pinhole array and the micro-channel plate, and the fluorescence intensity is in direct proportion to the intensity of the M-band X-rays, so that the symmetry of the M-band X-rays can be calculated through the target ball fluorescent image. According to the invention, soft X-rays and M-band X-rays can be separated through the threshold characteristic of the fluorescent material, so that frequency division measurement of the symmetry of the black cavity M-band X-ray radiation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of indirect drive laser fusion, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the symmetry of X-ray radiation of a black cavity M band.
Background
In the indirect drive laser fusion, the ablation layer on the surface of the target pill is heated by X rays in the black cavity to generate inward thrust, and finally the target pill forms a high-temperature high-density central hot spot and fusion ignition is realized. Black cavity radiation symmetry is an important basis for achieving fusion ignition. When the radiation field is symmetrical, the target pill tends to be compressed in an ideal spherical shape, the compression efficiency is highest, and the temperature and the density of hot spots are higher; when the radiation field is asymmetric, the target pill deviates from spherical compression, the compression efficiency is reduced, and the temperature and density of hot spots are also reduced. Therefore, studying the radiation symmetry of the target pellet surface is of great importance for understanding the target pellet compression process.
The X-rays in the black cavity are generally classified into soft X-rays and high-energy M-band X-rays according to energy. M-band X-rays are mainly generated near crown plasmas with higher electron temperature and lower density, and the emission characteristics thereof lead to M-band X-rays with stronger asymmetric distribution. At present, in the research of indirect drive laser fusion, the radiation symmetry of a black cavity is usually measured by adopting experimental methods such as self-luminous imaging of a hot spot core, re-luminous imaging of a high-Z target ball, shock wave speed measurement and the like. However, these experimental methods can only measure the radiation symmetry distribution of the full-segment, but cannot measure the M-band X-ray radiation symmetry distribution of the frequency division. Simulation results show that the asymmetry of the divided M-band X-ray radiation also has a non-negligible important impact on the target pellet compression process. Thus, accurate measurement of M-band X-ray radiation symmetry helps to accurately assess its impact on the target pellet compression process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the symmetry of X-ray radiation of M-band in a black cavity, which is characterized in that a silicon fluorescent material is coated on a target ball, and the characteristic fluorescence of silicon is induced by the X-ray of M-band in the black cavity by utilizing the threshold characteristic of fluorescence emission. The fluorescent powder emitted by the target ball is subjected to energy selection through a single energy channel, then passes through a pinhole array and a micro-channel plate, and finally forms a space-time resolution single energy fluorescent image on X-ray imaging equipment; the intensity angular distribution of the fluorescent image is obtained through the fluorescent image of the target ball, and the symmetry of the M band X-ray radiation is further obtained.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a method of measuring the symmetry of X-ray radiation in a black cavity M-band, comprising the steps of:
S1, setting a measuring device; the measuring device comprises a black cavity, a single-energy channel, a pinhole array, a micro-channel plate and X-ray imaging equipment which are sequentially arranged at intervals, wherein the centers of the black cavity, the single-energy channel, the pinhole array, the micro-channel plate and the X-ray imaging equipment are positioned on a straight line;
s2, coating a layer of fluorescent material on the surface of the target ball, and arranging the target ball in the center of the black cavity;
s3, injecting laser into the black cavity, and obtaining a monoenergetic target ball fluorescent image on the X-ray imaging equipment;
s4, calculating the symmetry of the X-ray radiation of the M band by using the fluorescence image of the target ball.
The surface of the target ball is coated with a layer of fluorescent material, the M-band X-rays in the black cavity can induce the characteristic fluorescence of the fluorescent material, the soft X-rays cannot induce the fluorescence, the characteristic fluorescence is energy-selected through a single-energy channel, then the single-energy target ball is imaged through a pinhole array and a micro-channel plate, and finally a space-time resolution single-energy target ball fluorescent image is formed on X-ray imaging equipment. Since the intensity of the fluorescence emitted by the target sphere is proportional to the intensity of the M-band X-rays, the intensity angular distribution of the fluorescence image of the target sphere is equivalent to the M-band X-ray radiation symmetry distribution, and thus the M-band X-ray radiation symmetry can be obtained from the intensity angular distribution of the fluorescence image.
Preferably, the black cavity is a cavity body with a through hole and a through middle hole, wherein the through hole and the through middle hole are formed in the upper and lower parts for indirectly driving laser fusion research, and the black cavity is characterized in that two side walls of the black cavity are respectively provided with a diagnosis hole, and the normal line of the two diagnosis holes forms an angle of 180 degrees.
The black cavity adopted by the invention is a black cavity used in indirect drive laser fusion research, and the difference is that two diagnosis holes are formed on the side wall of the black cavity and are used for measuring symmetry of M band X rays.
Preferably, the centers of the diagnostic aperture, the single energy channel, the pinhole array, the microchannel plate and the X-ray imaging device are all on the same straight line.
The center of the diagnostic hole is aligned with the center of the measuring device, ensuring that characteristic fluorescence can be injected into the measuring device.
Preferably, in step S3, laser light is injected from the through hole, and is converted into soft X-rays and M-band X-rays on the wall of the black cavity, the M-band X-rays induce characteristic fluorescence of fluorescent materials on the target ball, the characteristic fluorescence is emitted out of the black cavity through the diagnosis hole, and the characteristic fluorescence sequentially passes through the single-energy channel, the pinhole array and the micro-channel plate, so that a single-energy target ball fluorescent image is finally obtained on the X-ray imaging device.
Characteristic fluorescence firstly passes through a single energy channel to carry out single energy selection, then passes through a pinhole array for imaging, then passes through a micro-channel plate for time resolution, and finally reaches a target ball fluorescent image on X-ray imaging equipment.
Preferably, in step S4, the fluorescence intensity angular distribution f (θ) is obtained by using the fluorescence image of the target sphere, and the f (θ) is expanded according to the legendre polynomial, so as to obtain:
Expansion coefficient The asymmetry of each order of radiation resulting in M band X-rays in the black cavity is c 1/c0,c2/c0,c3/c0......cl/c0, where P l (cos θ) is the l-th order legendre polynomial.
Since the intensity of the fluorescence emitted by the target sphere is proportional to the intensity of the M-band X-rays, the intensity angular distribution of the fluorescence image of the target sphere is equivalent to the M-band X-ray radiation symmetry distribution, which can be obtained from the intensity angular distribution of the fluorescence image.
Preferably, the center of the target ball is a hydrocarbon solid ball, and the outer layer is coated with a silicon fluorescent material.
By adopting the silicon fluorescent material and utilizing the fluorescent characteristic of the silicon fluorescent material, the M-band X-rays in the black cavity can induce fluorescence after being irradiated on the silicon fluorescent material coating, and the soft X-rays cannot induce fluorescence, so that the intensity of the M-band X-rays is proportional to the fluorescent intensity, and the subsequent symmetry measurement of the M-band X-rays is convenient.
Preferably, the thickness of the silicon fluorescent material is 5-10 μm.
Preferably, the monoenergetic channel is a Ross filter or spherical bent crystal, and is used for X-ray monoenergetic gating.
Preferably, in step S3, the fluorescence image is a monoenergetic X-ray image of the fluorescence of the target ball in different time periods.
Since the symmetry of the M-band X-ray radiation of the black cavity is time-varying, the time evolution of the symmetry of the M-band X-ray radiation can be obtained by simultaneously recording the fluorescent images at different moments.
The foregoing inventive subject matter and various further alternatives thereof may be freely combined to form a plurality of alternatives, all of which are employable and claimed herein; and the invention can be freely combined between the (non-conflicting choices) choices and between the choices and other choices. Various combinations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the present disclosure, and are not intended to be exhaustive or all of the present disclosure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The silicon fluorescent material is coated on the target ball, and only M band X rays can induce the characteristic fluorescence of the silicon fluorescent material, and the function of soft X rays and M band X rays is distinguished by utilizing the threshold characteristic of fluorescence emission, so that the frequency division measurement of the symmetry of the black cavity M band X rays is realized. Characteristic fluorescence emitted from the diagnostic hole is energy-selected through a single-energy channel, then imaged through a pinhole array, finally passes through a micro-channel plate for time resolution, and forms a space-time resolution single-energy fluorescence image on X-ray imaging equipment. The intensity of the target ball single-energy fluorescent image is proportional to the intensity of the M-band X-rays, and the radiation symmetry of the M-band X-rays can be calculated by using the target ball single-energy fluorescent image.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a fluorescent image of a target sphere according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an intensity angle distribution plot of a fluorescence image of a target sphere in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, the names corresponding to the reference numerals are: 1-a black cavity; 2-diagnostic wells; 3-target ball; 4-unienergy channels; 5-pinhole arrays; 6-microchannel plate; a 7-X-ray imaging device.
Detailed Description
The following non-limiting examples illustrate the invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, a method for measuring symmetry of X-ray radiation in a black cavity M includes the steps of:
S1, setting a measuring device; the measuring device comprises a black cavity, a single-energy channel, a pinhole array, a micro-channel plate and X-ray imaging equipment which are sequentially arranged at intervals, wherein the centers of the black cavity, the single-energy channel, the pinhole array, the micro-channel plate and the X-ray imaging equipment are positioned on a straight line.
Referring to fig. 2, the black chamber 1, the single energy channel 4, the pinhole array 5, the microchannel plate 5 and the X-ray imaging device are aligned in the center and arranged at intervals. The interval between each device is adjusted according to the measurement condition of practical application, so that the characteristic fluorescence can be ensured to obtain a complete and clear target ball fluorescence distribution image on the X-ray imaging device.
When the method is used for measuring the X-rays of the black cavity M belt, the adopted black cavity 1 is a columnar cavity which is used in the research of indirectly driving laser fusion and is provided with an upper opening, a lower opening and a middle through. Two side walls of the black cavity 1 are respectively provided with a diagnosis hole 2, the normal lines of the two diagnosis holes 2 are 180 degrees, and the centers of the diagnosis holes 2, the black cavity 1, the single-energy channel 4, the pinhole array 5, the micro-channel plate 6 and the X-ray imaging equipment are all positioned on the same straight line.
The monoenergetic channel 4 of the embodiment is a Ross filter or spherical bent crystal and is used for X-ray monoenergetic gating; a pinhole array 5 for imaging; the microchannel plate 6 is used for time resolution; the X-ray imaging apparatus is used for X-ray imaging.
S2, coating a layer of fluorescent material on the surface of the target ball, and arranging the target ball in the center of the black cavity.
In this embodiment, a layer of silicon fluorescent material is coated on the target ball 3, the center of the target ball 3 is a hydrocarbon solid ball, namely a CH solid ball, and the thickness of the silicon fluorescent material coated on the outer layer is 5-10 μm. The fluorescent material coated target sphere 3 is placed in the center of the black chamber 1.
And S3, injecting laser into the black cavity, and obtaining a monoenergetic target ball fluorescent image on the X-ray imaging equipment.
Laser is injected from an opening of the black cavity 1, the wall of the black cavity 1 is converted into soft X rays and M-band X rays, and the soft X rays and the M-band X rays act on the surface of the target ball 3 at the same time; the surface of the target ball 3 is coated with a layer of Si fluorescent material, and because of the characteristic of the threshold value of fluorescence emission, the M-band X-rays in the black cavity 1 induce Si characteristic fluorescence, but the soft X-rays cannot induce fluorescence, so that the fluorescence intensity emitted by the target ball 3 is proportional to the M-band X-ray intensity; the fluorescence emitted by the target ball 3 is energy-selected through the monoenergetic channel 4, then passes through the pinhole array 5 and the micro-channel plate 6, and finally forms a monoenergetic fluorescence image with space-time resolution on the X-ray imaging device 7. Since the symmetry of the M-band X-ray radiation of the black cavity is time-varying, the time evolution of the symmetry of the M-band X-ray radiation can be obtained by simultaneously recording the fluorescent images at different moments. Referring to fig. 3, a fluorescent image of a target ball recorded by the X-ray imaging apparatus at a certain moment in time in this embodiment is shown.
S4, calculating the symmetry of the X-ray radiation of the M band by using the fluorescence image of the target ball.
Obtaining fluorescence intensity angular distribution f (theta) by using the target sphere fluorescence image, and expanding f (theta) according to a Legendre polynomial to obtain the fluorescent intensity angular distribution f (theta):
Developing coefficients of the above formula The asymmetry of each order of radiation resulting in M band X-rays in the black cavity is c 1/c0,c2/c0,c3/c0......cl/c0, where P l (cos θ) is the l-th order legendre polynomial. Referring to fig. 4, the fluorescent intensity distribution of the fluorescent image of the target sphere is shown, wherein a is the fluorescent intensity distribution of the original image, and B is the intensity distribution obtained by fitting the legendre polynomial.
Since the intensity of the fluorescence emitted by the target sphere 3 is proportional to the intensity of the M-band X-rays, the intensity angular distribution of the fluorescence image of the target sphere 3 is equivalent to the M-band X-ray radiation symmetry distribution, and thus the M-band X-ray radiation symmetry can be obtained by the intensity angular distribution of the fluorescence image.
In summary, according to the method for measuring the symmetry of the X-ray radiation of the M band of the black cavity, the high-energy M band X-rays in the black cavity are utilized to induce the characteristic fluorescence of the Si material, so that the symmetry distribution of the X-ray radiation of the M band can be obtained through the fluorescence image of the target ball; the invention can distinguish the soft X-ray and M-band X-ray by utilizing the threshold characteristic of fluorescence emission, obtains the symmetry of the frequency-divided M-band X-ray radiation by the fluorescent image of the target ball, and has important application prospect in indirectly driving laser fusion.
The foregoing basic embodiments of the invention, as well as other embodiments of the invention, can be freely combined to form numerous embodiments, all of which are contemplated and claimed. In the scheme of the invention, each selection example can be arbitrarily combined with any other basic example and selection example.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring the symmetry of X-ray radiation in a black cavity M-band, comprising the steps of:
S1, setting a measuring device; the measuring device comprises a black cavity, a single-energy channel, a pinhole array, a micro-channel plate and X-ray imaging equipment which are sequentially arranged at intervals, wherein the centers of the black cavity, the single-energy channel, the pinhole array, the micro-channel plate and the X-ray imaging equipment are positioned on a straight line;
s2, coating a layer of fluorescent material on the surface of the target ball, and arranging the target ball in the center of the black cavity;
s3, injecting laser into the black cavity, and obtaining a monoenergetic target ball fluorescent image on the X-ray imaging equipment;
S4, calculating to obtain M-band X-ray radiation symmetry by using the target ball fluorescent image;
The single energy channel is a Ross filter or spherical bent crystal and is used for X-ray single energy gating.
2. The method for measuring the symmetry of the black cavity M with the X-ray radiation according to claim 1, wherein the black cavity is a cavity body with a through hole and a through middle, which are used for indirectly driving a laser fusion research, and the method is characterized in that two side walls of the black cavity are respectively provided with a diagnosis hole, and the normal line of the two diagnosis holes forms an angle of 180 degrees.
3. A method of measuring the symmetry of black-cavity M-band X-ray radiation according to claim 2, wherein the centers of the diagnostic aperture, the single-energy channel, the pinhole array, the microchannel plate and the X-ray imaging device are all collinear.
4. A method of measuring symmetry of X-ray radiation in a black cavity M-band, as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S3, laser light is injected from said through hole, converted into soft X-rays and M-band X-rays on said black cavity wall, M-band X-rays induce characteristic fluorescence of fluorescent material on said target sphere, said characteristic fluorescence is emitted out of said black cavity through said diagnostic hole, said characteristic fluorescence is sequentially passed through said unienergy channel, said pinhole array and said microchannel plate, and finally a unienergy target sphere fluorescent image is obtained on said X-ray imaging device.
5. The method for measuring symmetry of X-ray radiation in black cavity M band according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, a fluorescence intensity angular distribution f (θ) is obtained by using the target sphere fluorescence image, and f (θ) is developed according to legendre polynomials, to obtain:
Expansion coefficient The asymmetry of each order of radiation resulting in M band X-rays in the black cavity is c 1/c0,c2/c0,c3/c0......cl/c0, where P l (cos θ) is the l-th order legendre polynomial.
6. The method for measuring symmetry of X-ray radiation in a black cavity M according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, a hydrocarbon solid sphere is provided at the center of the target sphere, and the fluorescent material coated on the outer layer is a silicon fluorescent material.
7. The method for measuring the symmetry of black matrix M-band X-ray radiation according to claim 6, wherein the thickness of the silicon fluorescent material is 5-10 μm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the fluorescence image is a monoenergetic X-ray image of the fluorescence of the target ball in different time periods.
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