CN105842421A - Foundation pit model testing apparatus capable of simulating excavation process - Google Patents
Foundation pit model testing apparatus capable of simulating excavation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN105842421A CN105842421A CN201610201910.5A CN201610201910A CN105842421A CN 105842421 A CN105842421 A CN 105842421A CN 201610201910 A CN201610201910 A CN 201610201910A CN 105842421 A CN105842421 A CN 105842421A
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- excavation
- foundation pit
- model casing
- support
- simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a foundation pit model testing apparatus capable of simulating excavation process. The foundation pit model testing apparatus comprises a model case, a plurality of symmetric-plane soil blocking units, a soil blocking wall, a plurality of supporting unit and a support reaction frame, wherein the model case comprises a model case framework, toughened glass and a model case base plate; the symmetric-plane soil blocking units are U-shaped stainless steel strips which are used for temporarily supporting and blocking an unexcavated soil body located at a passive side of a foundation pit and fixed on the model case framework through bolts; the central part of the soil blocking wall is provided with threaded holes, and the soil blocking wall is in threaded connection with fixing bolts, which are needed in installation of the supporting units, through the threaded holes; and the support reaction frame is formed by welding of a front trapezoid steel plate, a rear trapezoid steel plate, a lower rectangular steel plate, a left rectangular steel plate and a right rectangular steel plate and is arranged at one side of the model case. The foundation pit model testing apparatus can simulate each construction condition of the an actual foundation pit excavation project, so accuracy of simulation test is ensured; and the foundation pit model testing apparatus can realize test simulation of the whole excavation process of the foundation pit, provides effective test data support for theoretical research on excavation of the foundation pit and is of certain reference significance to design and construction of foundation pit projects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process, particularly relate to each construction work of excavation of foundation pit
The model test apparatus of condition simulation, can be used for measuring foundation pit earth pressure and foundation pit deformation problem under different excavation of foundation pit operating mode.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the sharp increase of urban population, urban construction is fast-developing, and deep-foundation pit engineering increases increasingly, foundation ditch work
The new trend that journey faces deep is deep, plane scale is big, surrounding environment is complicated.Foundation pit deformation that excavation of foundation pit causes and destabilization problems
It it is the engineering problem being paid high attention to and paying attention in design of deep foundation pit and construction.Use the method simulation base of indoor geotechnical model test
Hole excavation, is widely used in Geotechnical Engineering field.Wherein, how objective and accurate simulation is tested by excavation models
Each construction operating mode in Excavation Process is problem in the urgent need to address.
In excavation models is tested, great majority research completes the foundation ditch stress under operating mode and deformation exhibition for every one-level excavation and propping
Open, do not consider stress and the deformation of foundation ditch foundation ditch during excavation or propping.Considering the model examination of Excavation Process
In testing, research is had to use earth bag (the Azevedo RF.Centrifuge and Analytical Modelling of the weight such as unloading equal-volume
Of Excavation in Sand.PhD thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, 1983.) or discharge generation soil
Liquid (Bolton MD and Powrie W.The collapse of diaphragm walls retaining clay.G é otechnique,
1987,37 (3): 335-353.) the method simulation soil excavation unloading such as, this type of method can not the soil that causes of accurate simulation excavation of foundation pit
The change of stress field in body, the foundation ditch stress and the deformation that cause with actual excavation of foundation pit still suffer from certain difference.A large amount of moulds
The model test employing pre-plugged of plan excavation of foundation pit installs the method for the retaining wall of support, the direct excavation pit soil body, is not required to
Will carry out propping operation again, the method is relatively simple, but preset all inner supports all will in whole digging process stress, aobvious
So the most inconsistent with the foundation ditch stressing conditions of Practical Project, also cannot foundation ditch in the case of non-propping in accurate simulation Excavation Process
Stress and deformation.Research is had to use hydraulic jack to apply, to retaining wall support, the installation that the method simulation of power supports at present,
The method uses hydraulic means more complicated, the method inapplicable when excavation of foundation pit width is bigger.Additionally most foundation ditches are opened
The excavation plane of symmetry digging model is vertical fixing baffle plate, realizes excavation of foundation pit by grabbing downwards soil or soil digging, and the method can not be clear
The clear excavation soil layer that defines, the soil body that meeting disturbance is not excavated；The method is loaded down with trivial details, is difficult to operation, the particularly chi of excavation of foundation pit model
Very little compared with big or when needing the soil body of excavation more, the workload of test operation is the biggest.Therefore, how to realize the soil body exactly to open
Dig and support and the Important Problems being to need in excavation of foundation pit model test to solve is installed.
In Practical Project, in the case of place hydrogeologic condition, the excavation of foundation pit degree of depth are identical with construction environment, design
The thickness of foundation ditch retaining wall and embedded depth are usually identical, but according to foundation ditch size (the foundation ditch width designed by architectural scale
Degree) differ greatly, for can be realized different in width excavation of foundation pit by same geotechnical model test easily as far as possible comprehensively
Simulation, reduces the repacking to experimental rig as far as possible, saves experimentation cost and modelling time, it is therefore desirable to adjustable length
Support the simulation realizing different in width excavation of foundation pit overall process.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process, solve
Determine each construction operating mode of effective accurate simulation excavation of foundation pit, and measured foundation pit earth pressure under each operating mode, retaining wall displacement and foundation ditch
Deformation, arranges correlation test data and determines the problem such as foundation ditch stress and development of deformation rule.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process,
Including model casing, some planes of symmetry gear soil unit, retaining wall, some support units and five parts of reaction of bearing frame；Described mould
Molding box includes model casing framework, safety glass and model casing base plate, the bottom fixed model box plate of described model casing framework, front
Safety glass is fixed in latter two side, can be facilitated displacement and the foundation pit deformation of retaining wall in observation experiment by safety glass；Described
Model casing base plate is fixed on model casing base；Described plane of symmetry gear soil unit is U-shaped stainless steel strip, for interim gear foundation ditch
The soil body is not excavated in passive side, is bolted on model casing framework；Described retaining wall top is fixed by bracket fixing bolt
Retaining wall support, middle part has screwed hole, by the fixing bolt needed for screwed hole threaded installation support unit；Described
Support reaction frame is welded by two blocks of trapezoidal steel plates of front and back, bottom and three pieces, left and right rectangular steel plates, is arranged on model casing side, Gu
On model casing base.
Further, described support unit includes solid aluminum bar, expansion link and bolt；Some grooves are had on described solid aluminum bar,
One end has inner thread mouth；Described expansion link is hollow aluminum pipe, and expansion link has some screwed holes；Described bolt is through flexible
Screwed hole on bar props up the groove of solid aluminum bar so that solid aluminum bar and expansion link compact siro spinning technology.
Further, described support unit includes the first support bar, the second support bar and sleeve；One end of described first support bar
There is external screw thread；One end of described second support bar has inner thread mouth, and the other end has external screw thread；Described sleeve has interior spiral shell
Line passage, threaded one end connects the first support bar, threaded second support bar of the other end.
Further, the two sides of described retaining wall are pasted fur swipe and smear vaseline, to both sides before and after itself and model casing
Sealing gap and lubrication between safety glass.
Further, described model casing base plate and reaction of bearing frame are all fixed on the mould being welded by I-steel by surrounding spot welding
On molding box base.
Further, described model casing framework and model casing base plate are corrosion resistant plate；Described retaining wall is aluminium sheet, its thickness by
The retaining wall rigidity of test simulation determines；Described retaining wall support is stainless steel strip.
Further, described reaction of bearing frame is hollow box body, can fill weight wherein according to the size supporting transmission power, protect
Demonstrate,prove enough support reactions.
Further, fill in model casing and cast, by sand rain method, the test soil body obtained.
Further, described retaining wall is vertical with the safety glass of model casing both sides in whole process of the test.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention can simultaneously simulating excavation and propping operation, obtain excavation of foundation pit and support in installation process caused
The change of foundation ditch stress field, compares specific with what tradition excavation models test only consideration excavation of foundation pit to a certain degree of depth or propping completed
State conducts a research, and reflects excavation of foundation pit more comprehensively, exactly and supports foundation ditch stress and the response of foundation pit deformation in installation process
Situation.
2, the present invention uses dismountable plane of symmetry gear soil unit, and interim is kept off the soil body that passive zone of pit does not excavates, can be at excavation
Remove plane of symmetry gear soil unit before every layer soil body in advance, carry out excavation of foundation pit, phase by the method unloading soil to the excavation of foundation pit plane of symmetry
The method fetched earth than soil digging downward with tradition, the present invention can specify each layer of excavation soil layer not to be affected and does not excavates, easy to operate,
Greatly reduce excavation of foundation pit and unload the workload of soil.
3, the present invention uses retractable supports element, can simulate the excavation of foundation pit test of different in width, compare and traditional foundation ditch
Excavation model test uses the support of regular length or retractable supports to be only used for realizing supporting the experimental considerations installed, and can use
The excavation of foundation pit test of many group different in width carried out by same set of experimental rig, decreases the repacking to experimental rig, has saved test
Cost and modelling time, operation principle is simple, easy to operate, has the biggest practicality.
4, foundation ditch will not can not opened in inner support installation process by the present invention with the propping operation in accurate simulation Excavation Process
The soil body dug has disturbing influence；It is threadably secured between inner support with retaining wall and is connected, will than traditional excavation models test
Inner support frame is located on retaining wall or lies directly against the method that retaining wall realizes propping, more can reflect actual base pit engineering objectively
Propping situation during excavation；The simulation of internal support of foundation pit rigidity is realized by control solid aluminum shank diameter and hollow aluminum bar wall thickness,
More objectively reflect the inner support Effects on Engineering to excavation of foundation pit..
5, the present invention according to the demand of geotechnical model test, can adjust the quantity of inner support element, and the inner support on retaining wall
The position of fixing bolt and quantity, the excavation situation of the different foundation ditch of simulation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 (a) can the excavation models experimental rig side view of simulation of excavation process for use that the first kind supports.
Fig. 1 (b) can the excavation models experimental rig side view of simulation of excavation process for use that Equations of The Second Kind supports.
Fig. 2 (a) can the excavation models experimental rig top view of simulation of excavation process for use that the first kind supports.
Fig. 2 (b) can the excavation models experimental rig top view of simulation of excavation process for use that Equations of The Second Kind supports.
Fig. 3 is excavation of foundation pit plane of symmetry schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is retaining wall schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 (a) is retaining wall and the support scheme of installation of first kind support.
Fig. 5 (b) is retaining wall and the support scheme of installation of Equations of The Second Kind support.
In figure: model casing 1；Model casing framework 1-1；Safety glass 1-2；Model casing base plate 1-3；Model casing base 1-4；The plane of symmetry
Gear soil unit 2；The bolt 3 of fixed symmetrical face gear soil unit；Retaining wall 4；Fur swipe 4-1；Retaining wall support 5；Support is fixed
Bolt 6；Support fixing bolt 7；Support 8；Solid aluminum bar 8-1；Hollow aluminum bar 8-2；First support bar 8-4；Second support bar 8-5；
Sleeve 8-6；Support connecting bolt 8-3；Reaction of bearing frame 9；The test soil body 10.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Fig. 1 (a), Fig. 1 (b), Fig. 2 (a), Fig. 2 (b), the present invention can the foundation ditch mould of simulation of excavation process
Type experimental rig, including model casing 1, some planes of symmetry gear soil unit 2, retaining wall 4, some support units 8 and reaction of bearing
9 five parts of frame.
Described model casing 1 includes model casing framework 1-1, safety glass 1-2 and model casing base plate 1-3, described model casing framework 1-1
The high-strength stainless steel sheet of the high-strength stainless steel bar thick by 20mm and 3mm thickness is welded, both sides before and after model casing 1
Slotting on stainless steel strip, the bottom fixed model box plate 1-3, model casing base plate 1-3 of described model casing framework 1-1 are 3mm
Thick high-strength stainless steel sheet；Former and later two sides build-in 20mm thickness safety glass 1-2, can conveniently be seen by safety glass 1-2
Displacement and the foundation pit deformation of middle retaining wall 4 is tested in test；Described retaining wall 4 in whole process of the test with the steel of model casing 1 both sides
Change glass 1-2 vertical.Described model casing base plate 1-3 is fixed on model casing base 1-4；Described model casing base 1-4 is by 10#
I-steel is welded, and one is that the base as model casing bears upper load and uniformly transfers to ground, and two is for fixing mould
The upper components such as molding box main body and reaction of bearing frame 9；Described plane of symmetry gear soil unit 2 is U-shaped stainless steel strip thick for 10mm,
Do not excavate the soil body for interim the gear passive side of foundation ditch, be fixed on model casing framework 1-1 by bolt 3；Described retaining wall 4
Bracket fixing bolt 6 fixed retaining wall support 5 is passed through on top, and middle part has screwed hole, is propped up by the threaded installation of screwed hole
Fixing bolt 7 needed for support unit 8；Described reaction of bearing frame 9 is by two blocks of trapezoidal steel plates of front and back, bottom and three pieces, left and right rectangle
Plate Welding forms, and support reaction frame 9 is hollow box body, can fill weight wherein according to the size supporting transmission power, it is ensured that foot
Enough support reactions, reaction of bearing frame 9 is arranged on model casing 1 side, is fixed on model casing base 1-4.In model casing 1
Fill and cast, by sand rain method, the test soil body 10 obtained.
As it is shown on figure 3, the spoil layer thickness that the width of described plane of symmetry gear soil unit 2 can be simulated as required is adjusted；Institute
The size of the bolt 3 stating fixed symmetrical face gear soil unit 2 is M8, is fixedly welded on model casing framework 1-1；
As shown in Figure 4, described retaining wall 4 is certain thickness aluminium sheet, and its thickness is obtained by the retaining wall Rigidity Calculation of test simulation；
The top of described retaining wall 4 is retaining wall support 5, and middle part is provided with the fixing bolt 7 installed needed for supporting；Described retaining wall support 5
For the stainless steel strip that 10mm is thick, it is connected with retaining wall 4 by the bracket fixing bolt 6 of a size of M8；The left and right of described retaining wall 4
Two sides Pasting fur swipe 4-1 also smears vaseline, to before and after itself and model casing 1 between the safety glass 1-2 of both sides gap enter
Row seals and lubrication.
As shown in Fig. 5 (a), Fig. 5 (b), it is M8 that the size of bolt 7 is fixed in described support, by the screwed hole on retaining wall 4,
Tighten and be fixed on retaining wall 4.Described support 8 can use following two form:
One, described support unit 8 includes solid aluminum bar 8-1, expansion link 8-2 and bolt 8-3；Open on described solid aluminum bar 8-1
Having some grooves, one end has inner thread mouth；Described expansion link 8-2 is hollow aluminum pipe, and expansion link 8-2 has some screw threads
Hole；Described bolt props up the groove of solid aluminum bar 8-1 through the screwed hole on expansion link 8-2 so that solid aluminum bar 8-1 is with flexible
Bar 8-2 compact siro spinning technology.The diameter of described solid aluminum bar 8-1 and the thickness of hollow aluminum bar 8-2 are by the support stiffness meter of test simulation
Obtain；The size of described bolt 8 may select M6, by the screwed hole of hollow aluminum bar 8-2 enter on solid aluminum bar 8-1 recessed
Groove connects solid aluminum bar 8-1 and hollow aluminum bar 8-2, is allowed to not slide in process of the test.
Two, described support unit 8 includes the first support bar 8-4, the second support bar 8-5 and sleeve 8-6；Described first support bar
One end of 8-4 has external screw thread；One end of described second support bar 8-5 has inner thread mouth, and the other end has external screw thread；Described
Sleeve 8-6 has internal thread passage, and threaded one end connects the first support bar 8-4, the threaded second support bar 8-5 of the other end.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows: first retaining wall 4 and retaining wall support 5 are assembled by bracket fixing bolt 6
Good；Then installing soil pressure cell on retaining wall 4, fur swipe 4-1 is pasted in both sides, smears all scholars in fur swipe 4-1
Woods also covers last layer plastic sheeting；The retaining wall 4 assembled is erected in model casing 1 by retaining wall support 5, it is ensured that
Retaining wall 4 is vertical with the safety glass 1-2 of model casing 1 both sides；Plane of symmetry gear soil is installed at the plane of symmetry of excavation of foundation pit model
Unit 2, is fixed on model casing 1 by the bolt 3 of fixed symmetrical face gear soil unit；Sand rain method is used to cast test soil sample 10,
By controlling the sand shake-out device sieve aperture mesh sheet discrepancy in elevation with test soil sample surface to obtain the soil body compactness needed for model test；Test
After soil sample 10 has been cast, install monitoring retaining wall 4 displacement and the displacement transducer of foundation pit deformation；Remove the first segment plane of symmetry
Gear soil unit, slowly excavates the soil body on the left of retaining wall 4 by the method unloading soil to the excavation of foundation pit plane of symmetry；It is excavated to first
Time below supported design position, first is installed and supports, fix with the support on retaining wall 4 by supporting the internal thread of 8 one end
Bolt 7 connects, and is allowed to hold out against reaction frame 9 by adjusting the length supporting 8, completes to support the installation of 8.Complete first to prop up
Support continues the excavation soil body after installing, use identical method to install and support, until excavation of foundation pit completes.In whole soil mass of foundation pit
In excavation and support installation process, monitoring foundation pit earth pressure, retaining wall displacement and foundation pit deformation situation, collect and repairing experiment number
According to, it is thus achieved that the foundation ditch stress of excavation overall process and the rule of foundation pit deformation.
Claims (9)
1. one kind can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process, it is characterised in that include model casing (1), some right
Title face gear soil unit (2), retaining wall (4), some support units (8) and (9) five parts of reaction of bearing frame；Described
Model casing (1) includes model casing framework (1-1), safety glass (1-2) and model casing base plate (1-3), described model box-frame
Bottom fixed model box plate (1-3) of frame (1-1), safety glass (1-2) is fixed in former and later two sides, by tempering glass
Glass (1-2) can facilitate displacement and the foundation pit deformation of retaining wall in observation experiment (4)；Described model casing base plate (1-3) is fixed on
On model casing base (1-4)；Described plane of symmetry gear soil unit (2) is U-shaped stainless steel strip, passive for interim gear foundation ditch
The soil body is not excavated in side, is fixed on model casing framework (1-1) by bolt (3)；Support is passed through on described retaining wall (4) top
Fixing bolt (6) fixed retaining wall support (5), middle part has screwed hole, by screwed hole threaded installation support unit
(8) the fixing bolt (7) needed for；Described reaction of bearing frame (9) is by two blocks of trapezoidal steel plates of front and back, bottom and three pieces, left and right square
Shape Plate Welding forms, and is arranged on model casing (1) side, is fixed on model casing base (1-4).
The most according to claim 1 a kind of can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process, it is characterised in that described
Support unit (8) includes solid aluminum bar (8-1), expansion link (8-2) and bolt (8-3)；Described solid aluminum bar (8-1)
On have some grooves, one end has inner thread mouth；Described expansion link (8-2) is hollow aluminum pipe, and expansion link (8-2) leaves
There are some screwed holes；Described bolt props up the groove of solid aluminum bar (8-1) through the screwed hole on expansion link (8-2) so that
Solid aluminum bar (8-1) and expansion link (8-2) compact siro spinning technology.
The most according to claim 1 a kind of can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process, it is characterised in that described
Support unit (8) includes the first support bar (8-4), the second support bar (8-5) and sleeve (8-6)；Described first support bar
(8-4) one end has external screw thread；One end of described second support bar (8-5) has inner thread mouth, and the other end has outer spiral shell
Line；Described sleeve (8-6) has internal thread passage, and threaded one end connects the first support bar (8-4), and the other end is threaded
Second support bar (8-5).
The most according to claim 1 a kind of can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process, it is characterised in that described
The two sides of retaining wall (4) are pasted fur swipe (4-1) and smear vaseline, to the steel of both sides before and after itself and model casing (1)
Change sealing gap and lubrication between glass (1-2).
The most according to claim 1 a kind of can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process, it is characterised in that described
Model casing base plate (1-3) and reaction of bearing frame (9) are all fixed at the bottom of the model casing being welded by I-steel by surrounding spot welding
On seat (1-4).
The most according to claim 1 a kind of can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process, it is characterised in that described
Model casing framework (1-1) and model casing base plate (1-3) are corrosion resistant plate；Described retaining wall (4) is aluminium sheet, its thickness by
The retaining wall rigidity of test simulation determines；Described retaining wall support (5) is stainless steel strip.
The most according to claim 1 a kind of can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process, it is characterised in that described
Reaction of bearing frame (9) is hollow box body, can fill weight wherein according to the size supporting transmission power, it is ensured that enough support reactions.
The most according to claim 1 a kind of can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process, it is characterised in that at mould
Fill in molding box (1) and cast the test soil body (10) obtained by sand rain method.
The most according to claim 1 a kind of can the excavation models experimental rig of simulation of excavation process, it is characterised in that described
Retaining wall (4) safety glass (1-2) with model casing (1) both sides in whole process of the test is vertical.
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| CN106193139A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of foundation pit construction test device to Influence of Pile Foundation that borders on the river |
| CN107655743A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2018-02-02 | 东南大学 | A kind of Geotechnical Engineering adds off-load comprehensive simulation casing and operating method |
| CN108589804A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 中北大学 | A kind of loading device for Excavation Process |
| CN109356209A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-02-19 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Rolled plate Base Pit Excavation Simulation device under a kind of Elevated Gravity |
| CN109469117A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-15 | 长安大学 | A kind of foundation pit supporting system model test apparatus and method |
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| CN114199186A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-18 | 宁波市轨道交通集团有限公司 | Excavation-controllable foundation pit model test device and method |
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