CN105841794B - Coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source localization method and system based on optimization - Google Patents
Coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source localization method and system based on optimization Download PDFInfo
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- CN105841794B CN105841794B CN201610317010.7A CN201610317010A CN105841794B CN 105841794 B CN105841794 B CN 105841794B CN 201610317010 A CN201610317010 A CN 201610317010A CN 105841794 B CN105841794 B CN 105841794B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0237—Thin materials, e.g. paper, membranes, thin films
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source localization method and system based on optimization.The system comprises laser light source, coupled mode fibre optical sensor, two photodetectors, differential amplifier circuit and data collection systems;One input terminal of coupled mode fibre optical sensor connects laser light source, and two output ends are separately connected the first and second photodetector, and the output end of two photodetectors is sequentially connected differential amplifier circuit and data collection system;Coupled mode fibre optical sensor includes Optical Fibre Acoustic Emission Sensor, packaging V type groove and encapsulation UV glue;Coupled mode fibre optical sensor is formed by two single mode optical fiber overcoupling, and both ends pass through UV glue respectively and are encapsulated in V-groove;It is sensor coupled zone section start at cut-off that UV glue, which encapsulates,.The method extracts A0The arrival time of two frequency components of mode and spread speed, the calculating distance of supersonic source is calculated by a plate ultrasonic signal, realizes the linear orientation of single sensor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sound emissions to monitor field, specially the coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate ultrasound based on optimization on-line
Source localization method and system.
Background technique
In engineering industry field, sheet metal is a kind of most commonly seen engineering part, in long-term military service process
In inevitably by overload, environment, the factors such as artificial are influenced, cracked equivalent damage, cause safety accident or
Unnecessary economic loss.Occur to prevent such accident, needs timely and effectively to detect damage position, to such plate
Health status monitored on-line.
Ultrasonic wave is propagated in a manner of Lamb wave in plate, and ingredient is mainly A0With S0Two kinds of most basic moulds
State, usual S0Mode energy is small, and frequency dispersion effect is unobvious, it is difficult to identify;And A0Mode energy is larger, and frequency dispersion effect is obvious, easily
Identification, therefore A0Mode is commonly used for reacting sound source information.
Being the key factor for influencing positioning accuracy is determined on the accurate of time of arrival (toa).Usual people's handle crosses setting threshold
First signal wave crest moment of value is as time of arrival (toa), abbreviation threshold method;Or by first wave crest of entire signal
Moment is as time of arrival (toa), abbreviation Peak Intensity Method.Y.Ding et al. is in " the A new delivered on NDT&E International
method for waveform analysis for estimating AE wave arrival times using
Wavelet decomposition " positions ultrasonic signal using Peak Intensity Method, and relatively large deviation occurs in positioning result;
J.Jiao et al. is in " the Acoustic delivered on STRUCTURAL CONTROL AND HEALTH MONITORING
Emission source location methods using mode and frequency analysis " is also with peak
Value method is to A0Mode difference component arrival time is judged that the relative error of this method positioning is 8%-14%, position error
It is larger.In fact, ultrasonic wave is propagated in the form of Lamb wave in plate, it comprises the components of different modalities, and with propagation
There is phenomena such as mode conversion in the increase of distance.In this way, the peak value of ultrasonic signal may be superimposed by ultrasonic reflections, mode turns
Changing etc. influences and generates offset, is unable to accurate characterization ultrasonic wave arrival time, eventually leads to deviations.And it carries out in this approach
Linear orientation, it usually needs at least two sensors are just able to achieve, and increase cost.
Traditional piezoelectric ceramics class ultrasonic sensor is since its volume is big, inconvenient vulnerable to electromagnetic interference, installation and measurement
Etc. factors make it be difficult to apply in small space and forceful electric power magnetic environment, in contrast fibre optical sensor using all -fiber measure,
Light weight small in size, the online prison for being easy to fill, not being more suitably applied to remote workpiece device working condition by electromagnetic interference
It surveys.
The optical fibre ultrasonic sensor having proposed is mainly interferometric optical fiber sensor, such as (1) Bragg grating, (2) method cloth
In-Perot cavity, the interference of (3) mach-zehnder, the interference of (4) Sagnac, these interferometric optical fiber sensor higher costs,
To more demanding and sensor the complex manufacturing technology of equipment, be not suitable for actual engineer application.Such as publication
CN201010185466.5 " optical fiber Fabry-Perot pressure sensor and preparation method thereof " and CN201310061027.7 " point
Contact type optical fiber ultrasonic sensor " belongs to the above-mentioned type sensor.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate based on optimization
Supersonic source localization method and system improve localization by ultrasonic accuracy, reduce the use of sensor, reduce cost, and are real
All -fiber, the remote tuning on-line of existing plate supersonic source are laid a good foundation.
The present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source positioning system based on optimization, including laser light source, coupled mode optical fiber
Sensor, two photodetectors, differential amplifier circuit and data collection system;One input terminal of coupled mode fibre optical sensor
Laser light source is connected, two output ends are separately connected the first photodetector and the second photodetector, two photodetectors
Output end be sequentially connected differential amplifier circuit and data collection system;
The coupled mode fibre optical sensor includes Optical Fibre Acoustic Emission Sensor, packaging V type groove and encapsulation UV glue;Optical fiber sound
Emission sensor is formed by two single mode optical fiber overcoupling, and Optical Fibre Acoustic Emission Sensor both ends pass through UV glue respectively and are encapsulated in V-type
In slot;It is sensor coupled zone section start at cut-off that UV glue, which encapsulates,.
Preferably, the laser light source is C-band narrow linewidth light source, and line width is less than 2MHz.
Preferably, the detection wave-length coverage of first photodetector and the second photodetector includes optical source wavelength,
Responsive bandwidth is greater than 10MHz.
Preferably, the plate supersonic source is in A0The frequency of mode is 20kHz-250kHz.
Coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source localization method based on optimization, using any in such as above-mentioned technical proposal
System described in one, comprising the following steps:
S1: obtaining the ultrasonic signal of flat panel workpieces to be measured by coupled mode fibre optical sensor, carries out Gabor transformation, obtains
The time-frequency figure of signal;
S2: A is identified from time-frequency figure0Mode, and from A0Preferably two calculating frequency component f in mode1、f2;
S3: f is determined using threshold method1、f2The arrival time t of componentA01、tA02;
S4: it obtains to master plate dispersion curve, searches the group velocity v of respective frequencies componentA01、vA02;
S5: according to d=(tA01-tA02)/(1/vA01-1/vA02) supersonic source distance is calculated.
Preferably, the flat panel workpieces to be measured are isotropic material, and the parameter of isotropic material includes thickness, shear wave
Speed and longitudinal wave speed.
Preferably, in S1, the temporal resolution of the Gabor transformation is set as 1 μ s, and frequency resolution is set as 1kHz.
Preferably, in S2, two calculating frequencies are continuously located preferably to be chosen in frequency dispersion, choose interval at least more than
20kHz, selection range is in 20kHz-250kHz.
Preferably, in S3, the threshold method is to draw using the 1%-3% of ceiling capacity in signal time-frequency figure as threshold value
Its isogram, the as frequency component arrives at the time of calculate corresponding to first intersection point of the frequency component with the isogram
Up to the time.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
The present invention utilizes A in plate Lamb wave0The feature that mode energy is big, propagation distance is remote, frequency dispersion is obvious extracts A0Mould
The arrival time of two frequency components of state and spread speed, can be calculated by a plate ultrasonic signal calculating of supersonic source away from
From realizing the linear orientation of single sensor, method is simple and reliable, reduces the complexity of positioning system.
Relative to traditional piezoelectric transducer, this system is both effectively anti-using the coupled mode fibre optical sensor optimized
Answer signal A to be detected0The Dispersion of mode, and guarantee high sensitivity, especially suitable for localization method proposed by the present invention.
And make simple, it is easy to accomplish, accurate effectively success rate is high, and demodulating system is at low cost, electromagnetism interference, corrosion-resistant, not by
Temperature drift etc. influences, more suitable for the positioning of flat board member defect in complex environment.Coupled mode fibre optical sensor category therein
In intensity modulation type, relative to phase modulation-type and interferometric optical fiber sensor, to the of less demanding of the equipment such as light source, and coupling
Mould assembly fibre optical sensor manufacture craft is mature, is easily realized based on its system built, is more suitably applied to equipment in Practical Project
On-line monitoring.
Using localization method provided by the present invention, the line based on single sensor plate sound source can be accurately and effectively realized
Property positioning;System electromagnetism interference, it is corrosion-resistant, and device is simple, and it is at low cost, it is easy to accomplish, it is plate ultrasound in complex environment
Source remote distance, Distributed localization and long-continued measurement are laid a good foundation.Simultaneously using threshold method to A0Mode different frequency
The arrival time of component is judged that can be avoided the ultrasonic reflections superposition that may be subject to, mode conversion etc. influences, and it is fixed to improve
Position precision using the positioning relative error of threshold method can reach 0.2%-2.48% in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is plate supersonic source localization method flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is coupled mode fibre-optic sensor package top view prepared by the present invention.
Fig. 3 a is sensor equivalent diameter schematic diagram corresponding to fibre optical sensor difference package position of the invention.
Fig. 3 b is that package position is to survey the time frequency analysis figure of ultrasonic signal in the point place b in Fig. 3 a.
Fig. 3 c is that package position is to survey the time frequency analysis figure of ultrasonic signal in the point place c in Fig. 3 a.
Fig. 3 d is that package position is to survey the time frequency analysis figure of ultrasonic signal in the point place d in Fig. 3 a.
Fig. 3 e is that package position is to survey the time frequency analysis figure of ultrasonic signal in the point place e in Fig. 3 a.
Fig. 4 is the dispersion curve for the aluminium sheet (5052) that plate thickness described in present example is 2mm.
Fig. 5 is Fibre Optical Sensor positioning system schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 6 a is to excite when simulating sound source apart from fibre optical sensor 45cm described in present example, the surveyed ultrasound of sensor
Time domain plethysmographic signal figure.
Fig. 6 b is the time frequency analysis figure that Fig. 6 a corresponds to ultrasonic signal.
Fig. 7 is the corresponding threshold value isogram of Fig. 6 b.
In figure, 1 be laser light source, 2 be coupled mode fibre optical sensor, 3 be the first photodetector, 4 be the second photoelectricity visit
Survey device, 5 be differential amplifier circuit, 6 be data collection system, 7 be simulate supersonic source, 8 be flat board member to be measured, 21 be optical fiber sound
Emission sensor, 22 be sensor equivalent diameter, and 23 be packaging V type groove, and 24 be encapsulation UV glue.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, it is described be explanation of the invention and
It is not to limit.
The present invention is based on the coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source localization methods of optimization, wherein the supersonic source is
20kHz-250kHz;As shown in Figure 1, it is specifically included, steps are as follows: (1) being obtained by the coupled mode fibre optical sensor 2 of optimization
Plate ultrasonic signal carries out Gabor transformation, obtains the time-frequency figure of signal;(2) A is identified from time-frequency figure0Mode, and from A0Mode
In preferably two calculating frequency component f1、f2;(3) f is determined using threshold method1、f2The arrival time t of componentA01、tA02;(4) it obtains
It takes to master plate dispersion curve, searches the group velocity v of respective frequencies componentA01、vA02;(5) according to d=(tA01-tA02)/(1/
vA01-1/vA02) supersonic source distance is calculated.
Wherein, the coupled mode fibre optical sensor 2 of optimization is as shown in Fig. 2, Optical Fibre Acoustic Emission Sensor 21 is encapsulated in V-groove 23
In, it is that ultraviolet curing glue carries out symmetric packages to Optical Fibre Acoustic Emission Sensor 21 with encapsulation UV glue 24, remaining overhanging portion is
For sensing unit, 4 points of b, c, d, e indicate different package positions, and 22 indicate the equivalent diameter of corresponding package position lower sensor;
As shown in figure 3, under same sensor difference package position, ultrasonic signal time-frequency that same sound source measurement is obtained
Figure, 4 points of b, c, d, e corresponding with Fig. 2;B, the package position of c two o'clock does not reach the coupled zone of sensor, at sensor two-arm
It in discrete state, not yet merges, as shown in Fig. 3 b and Fig. 3 c, for the signal time-frequency figure that b, c two o'clock package position measure, frequency dispersion
Effect is bad;The package position of d point is exactly sensor two-arm and starts at fusion, that is, UV glue 24 encapsulates at cut-off as sensing
Device coupled zone section start, two-arm start to merge, as shown in Figure 3d, for the signal time-frequency figure that d point package position measures, frequency dispersion effect
Fruit is good, and the claimed system point of the present invention;The package position of e point crosses sensor coupled zone section start, packaging area
Covering part coupled zone, as shown in Figure 3 e, for the signal time-frequency figure that e point package position measures, although frequency dispersion effect is good, letter
It makes an uproar than being decreased obviously, reduces sensor to the detectability of Weak Ultrasonic signal, influence positioning result;Comprehensively consider, in order to
Guarantee that sensor effectively measures the frequency dispersion effect of plate ultrasonic signal, while having higher signal-to-noise ratio, package position should sense
Device two-arm starts at fusion just, i.e. position at d.
According to plate parameter, plate curve is obtained;Select 5052 type aluminium sheets as the parts to be tested, plate in the present embodiment
The parameters such as thick, shear wave speed and longitudinal wave speed are listed in table 1.
1 5052 type aluminium sheet plate parameter of table.
Plate parameter in table 1 is substituted into Rayleigh-Lamb equation, equation is solved and obtains frequency f's and spread speed v
Relationship, the i.e. dispersion curve of the plate, and it is stored in database, Rayleigh-Lamb equation is as follows:
Wherein:
The theoretical L amb dispersion curve that flat board member to be measured is obtained after solution, as shown in figure 4, horizontal axis represents frequency in figure
(kHz), the longitudinal axis represents group velocity (m/s), solid black lines A0Mode, dash-dotted gray line S0Mode.
Fig. 5 is the detecting system schematic diagram of present example, and coupled mode fibre optical sensor 2 is fixed on UV glue to master plate
The surface of component 8, laser light source 1 issue the light of 1550nm wavelength, are transmitted to coupled mode fibre optical sensor 2, light through single mode optical fiber
It is divided into two, exports respectively through single mode optical fiber to the first photodetector 3 and the second photodetector 4, optical signal is converted to electricity
It after signal, then send to differential amplifier circuit 5 through BNC line, carries out differential amplification processing, treated, and electric signal acquires by data is
6 acquisition of system.Supersonic source 7 simulates (Hsu- using the mode of international fracture pencil-lead (2H, 0.7) in the present embodiment
Nielsen source), in order to guarantee that each excitation signal is as identical as possible, the direction of lead for retractable pencil fracture and angle are consistent,
It is simulated in this preferred embodiment using 45 °, laser light source 1 uses DFB laser light source.
It simulates the ultrasonic signal that supersonic source generates and simulates flat-panel defect, propagated in the form of Lamb wave, coupled mode Fibre Optical Sensor
Device 2 detects that microstrain occurs for ultrasonic signal, changes the coupling efficiency of sensor, and the light output of two-arm is made to occur accordingly to change
Become, eventually lead to the electric signal detected and change, forms ultrasonic signal waveform.In the present embodiment, 7 distance of ultrasonic simulation source
Sensor 45cm, the ultrasonic signal time-domain diagram detected are as shown in Figure 6 a.
Time-domain ultrasonic signal has been obtained, has needed to carry out it time frequency analysis, the present embodiment uses MATLAB time-frequency tool box
In Gabor transformation, time-domain signal is handled, temporal resolution is set as 1 μ s, and frequency resolution is set as 1kHz.
The time frequency distribution map of measured signal is obtained, as shown in Figure 6 b, horizontal axis represents time (μ s) in figure, and the longitudinal axis represents frequency (MHz), face
Color depth shallowly represents energy size;From Fig. 6 b can be seen that ultrasonic signal different frequency component arrival time be it is different,
Apparent dispersion phenomenon is shown, according to A0Mode high fdrequency component spread speed is fast, the slow feature of low frequency component spread speed, can
To identify A0Mode, white dashed line represents the A of fitting in Fig. 6 b0Mode.
It chooses and calculates frequency f1、f2, A can see by Fig. 6 b0Mode is existing with continuous frequency dispersion in 40kHz-150kHz
As in order to reduce error as far as possible, frequency component is chosen should be big as far as possible, and frequency component difference is at least more than 20kHz, this implementation
F is chosen in example1=80kHz, f2=120kHz is as calculating frequency.
It is determined with threshold method and calculates frequency f1、f2Arrival time, in order to reduce Lamb wave mode conversion, reflection superposition
It influences, given threshold should be limited to the 1%-3% of peak signal energy, take 2% in the present embodiment.Fig. 7 is corresponding in Fig. 6 b
Threshold value isogram, a, b two o'clock respectively correspond two calculate frequency and isopleth intersection points, the coordinate of two o'clock is respectively a
(532.1 μ s, 120kHz), b (558.1 μ s, 80kHz).Therefore, the arrival time of 120kHz is tA02=532.1 μ s, 80kHz point
The arrival time of amount is tA01=558.1 μ s.
The dispersion curve of flat board member to be measured, f in query graph 41The corresponding A of=80kHz component0Mode group velocity is vA01=
2121.9km/s f1The corresponding A of=120kHz component0Mode group velocity is vA02=2424.1km/s.
Supersonic source distance can be calculated by following formula
It is 44.26cm that corresponding parameter, which is brought into formula the distance of supersonic source can be calculated, is differed only by with actual value 45cm
0.74cm, it was demonstrated that this method be it is accurate effective, also demonstrate fiber coupling acoustic emission sensor and determine applied to plate ultrasonic wave
Position is feasible.
Table 2 lists simulation supersonic source distance to be changed from 5cm to 80cm, and every 5cm is a step-length, 16 points of common location
Positioning result is positioned and is carried out altogether twice, and time interval differs 7 days stabilizations to verify the positioning of coupled mode fibre optical sensor twice
Property.Positioning relative error is no more than 3% for the first time, and second of positioning relative error is no more than 5%, it was demonstrated that plate of the invention is super
Sound localization method and positioning system are accurate effective.
2 plate supersonic source positioning result of table.
* it indicates to be separated by seven days with positioning time first time
In conclusion the light that laser light source issues in the present invention enters coupled mode fibre optical sensor, light in the sensor one
It is divided into two, is exported respectively to photodetector one and photodetector two, optical signal is sent into conditioning circuit after being converted to electric signal
Differential amplification processing is carried out, treated, and electric signal by computer acquisition and carries out filtering and noise reduction processing, the letter that will finally obtain
Number using localization method proposed by the present invention calculate, obtain sound source distance.Plate supersonic source localization method provided by the invention and
Positioning system has preferable accuracy and stability.Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, so it is not used
To limit the present invention, present invention primarily contemplates one-dimensional cases, but the positioning principle can be generalized to two dimension and three-dimensional is fixed
Position situation.
Claims (6)
1. the coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source positioning system based on optimization, which is characterized in that including laser light source
(1), coupled mode fibre optical sensor (2), two photodetectors, differential amplifier circuit (5) and data collection system (6);Coupling
One input terminal of type fibre optical sensor (2) connects laser light source (1), and two output ends are separately connected the first photodetector
(3) and the second photodetector (4), the output end of two photodetectors is sequentially connected differential amplifier circuit (5) and data are adopted
Collecting system (6);The detection wave-length coverage of first photodetector (3) and the second photodetector (4) includes optical source wavelength,
Responsive bandwidth is greater than 10MHz;
The plate supersonic source is in A0The frequency of mode is 20kHz-250kHz;
The coupled mode fibre optical sensor (2) includes Optical Fibre Acoustic Emission Sensor (21), packaging V type groove (23) and encapsulation UV glue
(24);Optical Fibre Acoustic Emission Sensor (21) is formed by two single mode optical fiber overcoupling, Optical Fibre Acoustic Emission Sensor (21) both ends point
Not Tong Guo UV glue (24) be encapsulated in V-groove (23);It is sensor coupled zone section start, optical fiber sound at cut-off that UV glue (24), which encapsulates,
Emission sensor (21) two-arm starts to merge.
2. the coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source positioning system according to claim 1 based on optimization, feature
It is, the laser light source is C-band narrow linewidth light source, and line width is less than 2MHz.
3. the coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source localization method based on optimization, which is characterized in that using such as claim
System described in any one of 1-2, comprising the following steps:
S1: obtaining the ultrasonic signal of flat panel workpieces to be measured by coupled mode fibre optical sensor (2), carries out Gabor transformation, obtains letter
Number time-frequency figure;
S2: A is identified from time-frequency figure0Mode, and from A0Preferably two calculating frequency component f in mode1、f2;
S3: f is determined using threshold method1、f2The arrival time t of componentA01、tA02;The threshold method is will be maximum in signal time-frequency figure
The 1%-3% of energy draws its isogram as threshold value, calculates frequency component and first intersection point institute of the isogram is right
As arrival time of frequency component at the time of answering, to A0The arrival time of mode different frequency component is judged;
S4: it obtains to master plate dispersion curve, searches the group velocity v of respective frequencies componentA01、vA02;
S5: according to d=(tA01-tA02)/(1/vA01-1/vA02) supersonic source distance is calculated, positioning relative error can reach
0.2%-2.48%.
4. the coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source localization method according to claim 3 based on optimization, feature
It is, the flat panel workpieces to be measured are isotropic material, and the parameter of isotropic material includes thickness, shear wave speed and longitudinal wave
Speed.
5. the coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source localization method according to claim 3 based on optimization, in S1, institute
The temporal resolution for stating Gabor transformation is set as 1 μ s, and frequency resolution is set as 1kHz.
6. the coupled mode fibre optical sensor plate supersonic source localization method according to claim 3 based on optimization, in S2, two
A calculating frequency is continuously located preferably to be chosen in frequency dispersion, chooses interval at least more than 20kHz, selection range is in 20kHz-
250kHz。
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基于Lamb波频散特性的声发射源平面定位新方法;龚仁荣等;《无损检测》;20061031;第28卷(第10期);第521-524页,图2-6 |
新型光纤传感器及其在纤维复合材料的声发射源定位研究;付涛;《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 信息科技辑》;20141215;第14、56-61页 |
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