CN105838989A - Heat treatment process of niobium-containing steel for axles of motor train unit - Google Patents
Heat treatment process of niobium-containing steel for axles of motor train unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN105838989A CN105838989A CN201610416970.9A CN201610416970A CN105838989A CN 105838989 A CN105838989 A CN 105838989A CN 201610416970 A CN201610416970 A CN 201610416970A CN 105838989 A CN105838989 A CN 105838989A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment process of niobium-containing steel for axles of a motor train unit. The heat treatment process comprises the following steps of firstly, primary quenching: heating the niobium-containing steel for the axles of the motor train unit to be 870 to 900DEG C, calculating the heating and heat preservation time of the temperature section according to 1.5 to 2.0min/mm, and subsequently cooling; secondly, secondary quenching: heating the niobium-containing steel for the axles of the motor train unit to be 850 to 880DEG C, calculating the heating and heat preservation time of the temperature section according to 1.5 to 2.0min/mm, and subsequently cooling; and thirdly, tempering: heating the niobium-containing steel for the axles of the motor train unit to be 620 to 680DEG C, calculating the heating and heat preservation time of the temperature section according to 2 to 2.5min/mm, and subsequently cooling. The steel for the axles obtains excellent fatigue damage resistance and lower cost while high strength is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of alloy steel, be specifically related to be applicable to tensile strength 800～950MPa, yield strength >=650MPa,
-40℃KV2>=150J, requires the EMU axles steel Technology for Heating Processing with the anti-fatigue performance of excellence simultaneously.
Background technology
Axletree is to relate to one of safe most important motion and load bearing component in various vehicle.Owing to axletree subjects dynamic loading,
Stress is more complicated, such as bending load, torsional load, bending combined load, and by certain impact, particularly at a high speed
Axle of motor train unit, its stress is increasingly complex.Therefore, EMU axletree under arms during may because of tired,
Bending, reverse or tensile stress etc. and rupture, wherein fatigue fracture is the universal fracture mode of high speed axletree.For guaranteeing car
Safe operation, EMU axletree must have enough reliabilities and fatigue safety coefficient.Motor train unit axial wood
Material is one of key factor determining axletree service life and reliability, therefore, attaches great importance to both at home and abroad EMU axletree
With research and development and the research of fatigue behaviour of steel.
Along with the fast development of China Express Railway, the needs of axle of motor train unit are sharply increased, but still depend at present into
Mouthful, therefore, it is applicable to the high-strength and high ductility of China railways development characteristic and the plastics on new materials axle steel of long-fatigue life in the urgent need to exploitation.
In recent years, carry out resisting fatigue both at home and abroad and destroy the research and development of axle steel.In Chinese patent application 201110417295.9
Resisting fatigue destroys axle steel, still uses the high C content thinking of carbon axle steel in tradition, and C content (0.42～0.45%) is higher,
This makes the toughness of steel poor, it is impossible to meet the axle of motor train unit requirement to toughness, and the limited extent that anti-fatigue performance improves is high.
A kind of novel hollow axletree steel alloy in Chinese patent application 201210384581.4, although carbon content is relatively low, has preferably
Combination of strength and toughness, but fatigue strength is the most relatively low.The axle of motor train unit introduced from Europe mainly uses the steel alloy of modifier treatment
EA4T, although give chemical composition and mechanical property requirements, but do not provide crucial heat treatment process parameter, it is often more important that
The alloying element content affecting quenching degree in steel is on the low side, causes the tissue within the axle of motor train unit of big specification (to exist and do not allow
Exist ferrite) and performance (nearly heart portion intensity, toughness and fatigue behaviour are on the low side) be often difficult to the requirement of the standard that reaches.This
Being restricted the most in actual applications a bit, the amplitude that the most crucially axle steel anti-fatigue performance improves is the most limited, affects it
Popularization and application.
Summary of the invention
For above technical problem of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of tensile strength 800～950MPa, bend
Take intensity >=650MPa ,-40 DEG C of KV2>=150J, requires the EMU axles steel with the anti-fatigue performance of excellence simultaneously
Technology for Heating Processing.Concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process Han niobium, comprises the steps:
(1) for the first time quenching: niobium EMU axles steel will be contained and be heated to temperature 870～900 DEG C, and protect in the heating of this temperature section
The temperature time, by 1.5～2.0min/mm calculating, cools down subsequently；
(2) second time quenching: will contain niobium EMU axles steel and be heated to temperature 850～880 DEG C, protects in the heating of this temperature section
The temperature time, by 1.5～2.0min/mm calculating, cools down subsequently；
(3) tempering: niobium EMU axles steel will be contained and be heated to temperature 620～680 DEG C, in this temperature section heating and thermal insulation time
Calculate by 2～2.5min/mm, cool down subsequently.
Further, step (1) is heated to temperature 900 DEG C, heating and thermal insulation time 270min, water-cooled with 80 DEG C/h.
Further, step (2) is heated to temperature 880 DEG C, heating and thermal insulation time 270min, rapid water with 80 DEG C/h
Cold.
Further, step (3) is heated to temperature 650 DEG C, heating and thermal insulation time 420min, air cooling with 80 DEG C/h.
Further, in step (2), rate of cooling controls at 1.5～2.5 DEG C/s.
Further, in step (1) and/or step (2) and/or step (3), firing rate is 50～100 DEG C/h.
Further, in step (1), water-cooled is to room temperature, and/or step (3) hollow is cooled to room temperature.
Further, step is cooled in quenching tank in (2), by nozzle, axletree carries out the quick water-cooled of underwater water-spraying
To room temperature.
Further, the described EMU axles steel maximum gauge containing niobium be 200mm, length reach 2200mm.
Further, it is applied to containing in niobium EMU axles steel production technology, and this technique comprises the steps: electricity
Arc stove or converter smelting → LF stove refine → RH or VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting → strand heating furnace heating → axle blank rolling →
Axle blank forging → blank axletree is rough turn → and the neat end face of axletree processes → containing niobium axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process → axletree
Outer circle finish turning processing → axletree internal bore boring processing → cylindricalo grinding → flaw detection.
Compared with currently available technology, the present invention (1) suitably reduces the C element content in tradition carbon axle, improves steel
Toughness and plasticity；(2) in steel, add Ni, Cu element improve quenching degree and the corrosion resistance of steel, and add the Zr of trace, Nb,
[N] element is with crystal grain thinning, thus improves the toughness particularly low-temperature flexibility of steel, and improves intensity and the toughness cooperation of steel, improves
The anti-fatigue performance of steel；(3) add appropriate Ca element, the field trash in steel is carried out degenerative treatments, strictly control steel simultaneously
Middle impurity element T [O], the content of P, S etc., to improve the anti-fatigue performance of steel further.The present invention's it is critical that incite somebody to action
Optimizing components adjusts and controls organically to combine with metallurgical quality, while obtaining high intensity, it is thus achieved that excellent resisting fatigue is broken
Bad performance and relatively low cost.
Use using containing niobium EMU axletree of the chemical composition of the present invention, technological process and the production of Technology for Heating Processing technological parameter
Steel, the vertical mixing coefficient measuring steel can reach: Rm: 800MPa～950MPa, ReLOr Rp0.2>=650MPa, A >=18%, Z
>=40% ,-40 DEG C of impacts of collision absorb merit KV2≥150J；Fracture toughness KQValue >=120MPa m1/2；The rotation of Specimens is curved
Bent fatigue limit RfL>=400MPa, the endurance limit under rotating bending R of notched specimenfE>=330MPa, notch sensitivity RfL/RfE≤
1.15；The magnitude of interference is the Fretting Fatigue Limit >=225MPa of 0.04mm sample；The corrosion that salt air corrosion 14 circulates cycle sample is tired
The labor limit is >=285MPa；The autstenitic grain size of steel is more than or equal to 8.0 grades；EMU axletree " quenched (quenching+
High tempering) " steel is organized as tempered sorbite+a small amount of lower bainite, wherein, axletree near surface tempered sorbite after heat treatment
Content is 100%, and at axletree 1/2 radius, tempered sorbite content is about 85～95%.
Detailed description of the invention
Describing the present invention below, it is a kind of preferred embodiment in numerous embodiments of the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment, a kind of axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process Han niobium, comprise the steps: (1) first
Secondary quenching: niobium EMU axles steel will be contained and be heated to temperature 870～900 DEG C, and press in this temperature section heating and thermal insulation time
1.5～2.0min/mm calculate, and cool down subsequently；(2) second time quenching: niobium EMU axles steel will be contained and be heated to temperature
850～880 DEG C, in this temperature section heating and thermal insulation time by 1.5～2.0min/mm calculating, cool down subsequently；(3) tempering: niobium will be contained
EMU axles steel is heated to temperature 620～680 DEG C, in this temperature section heating and thermal insulation time by 2～2.5min/mm calculating,
Cool down subsequently.Step (1) is heated to temperature 900 DEG C, heating and thermal insulation time 270min, water-cooled with 80 DEG C/h.Step (2)
In be heated to temperature 880 DEG C, heating and thermal insulation time 270min, quick water-cooled with 80 DEG C/h.Step adds with 80 DEG C/h in (3)
Heat is to temperature 650 DEG C, heating and thermal insulation time 420min, air cooling.In step (2), rate of cooling controls at 1.5～2.5 DEG C/s.
In step (1) and/or step (2) and/or step (3), firing rate is 50～100 DEG C/h.In step (1), water-cooled is to room
Temperature, and/or step (3) hollow is cooled to room temperature.Step is cooled in quenching tank in (2), by nozzle, axletree is carried out water
Lower water spray rapid water is cooled to room temperature.
In a further advantageous embodiment, following scheme can be used: the specific chemical composition (weight %) of steel of the present invention is as follows::
C:0.24～0.30, Si:0.20～0.40, Mn:0.70～1.00, Cr:0.90～1.20, Ni:0.70～1.30, Mo:
0.20～0.30, Cu:0.10～0.60, Zr:0.01～0.04, Nb:0.015～0.050, Ca:0.001～0.005, P≤0.010,
S≤0.008, [N]: 0.0040～0.0060, T [O]≤0.0015, Als:0.015～0.045, remaining for Fe and other can not keep away
The impurity exempted from.
The effect of above-mentioned each element and proportioning are according to as follows:
C:C element is that axle steel obtains necessary to high intensity, hardness.C content in tradition axle steel is higher, as at present
Carbon content in lorry axle steel LZ50 is about 0.50%.Although high C content is favourable to the intensity of steel, hardness etc.,
But plasticity and toughness to steel are totally unfavorable, and make yield tensile ratio reduce, Decarburization Sensitivity increase, deteriorate steel anti-fatigue performance and
Processing characteristics.The most suitably reduce the C content in steel, controlled below 0.30%.But, after quenching and high tempering
In order to obtain required high intensity and necessary fatigue behaviour, C content must more than 0.24%, thus C content preferably control be
0.24～0.30%.
Si:Si is deoxidant element main in steel, has the strongest solution strengthening effect, but Si too high levels will make moulding of steel
Property and toughness decline, the activity increase of C, promote steel decarburization in rolling and heat treatment process and graphitization tendency, and make
Smelt difficulty and be easily formed field trash, deteriorating the anti-fatigue performance of steel.Therefore controlling Si content is 0.20～0.40%.
Mn:Mn is the effective element of deoxidation and desulfurization, it is also possible to improve quenching degree and the intensity of steel, when content is less than 0.70%,
It is difficult to function as described above.But during hardened steel tempering, Mn and P has strong grain boundary cosegregation to be inclined to, and promotes temper brittleness, dislikes
Change the toughness of steel, thus control Mn content below 1.00%.
Cr:Cr can be effectively improved quenching degree and the resistance to tempering of steel, the high intensity needed for obtaining；Cr also can drop simultaneously
The activity of low C, it is possible to decrease heat, roll and steel surface decarburizing tendency in heat treatment process, have utilize obtain high anti-tired
Labor performance.But too high levels can deteriorate the toughness of steel, thus controlling Cr content is 0.90～1.20%.
Ni:Ni can improve the quenching degree of steel, corrosion resistance and guarantee steel toughness at low temperatures.In view of economy, control Ni
Content is 0.80～1.30%.
Mo:Mo effect in steel predominantly improves quenching degree, improves resistance to tempering and prevent temper brittleness.Additionally, Mo element
Quenching degree and resistance to tempering can be made to be improved significantly with the reasonable coordination of Cr element.Mo content the most above-mentioned too low limited use,
Mo too high levels, the most above-mentioned effect is saturated, and improves the cost of steel.Therefore, controlling Mo content is 0.20～0.30%.
Cu:Cu is similar to Ni in terms of solution strengthening, raising quenching degree.Meanwhile, steel adds copper and also can improve the anti-of steel
Corrosion Fatigue Properties, because tiny Cu precipitation has blocked the formation of the initial stage vein texture of fatigue, and copper precipitate
There is good plasticity, the extension of fatigue crack can be hindered；The steel corrosion resistance effect it addition, Cu also improves；Thus carry
The corrosion fatigue strength of Gao Gang.But Cu too high levels, steel easily causes hot-short in heating rolling or forging process.Consider,
Range-controllable system is 0.10～0.60%.
Zr: adding a small amount of zirconium has degassing, purification and Grain refinement, be conducive to improving the low temperature impact properties of steel and intensity,
Fatigue behaviour index.Considering, range-controllable system is 0.010～0.040%.
Nb:Nb mainly shows as crystal grain refinement, precipitation strength and phase transformation strengthening to the Strengthening and Toughening effect of axle steel.Nb is in steel
Existing with displacement solute atoms, Nb atomic ratio iron atom size is big, easily segregation on dislocation line, produces strong to dislocation climb
Effect of dragging, makes Recrystallization nucleation be suppressed, and has strong interception to recrystallization, improves the recrystallization of austenite
Temperature, thus reach the purpose of fining austenite grains, crystal grain refinement can not only improve the obdurability of steel, and improves steel
Cryogenic property.But it is expensive.Considering, the range-controllable system of Nb is 0.015%～0.050%.
Ca:Ca has deoxidization desulfuration and the effect to non-metallic inclusion degenerative treatments, thus improves toughness and the fatigue resistance of steel
Energy.Ca content does not has above-mentioned effect less than 0.001%, but content is more than 0.005%, then add extremely difficult, and field trash
Amount increases.Thus controlling Ca content is 0.001～0.005%.
P:P can form microsegregation when solidification of molten steel, and when austenitizing temperature heats, segregation, at crystal boundary, makes the crisp of steel subsequently
Property significantly increase, so control P content below 0.012%.
S: inevitable impurity in steel, forms MnS and is mingled with and can deteriorate toughness and the anti-fatigue performance of steel at Grain Boundary Segregation,
Thus control its content below 0.008%.
[N]: in the presence of having V, Al, Nb, Ti etc. in steel, nitrogen can form carbonitride with them, austenite can be stoped to tie again
Crystalline substance, crystal grain thinning, improves the toughness of steel, and can improve the intensity of steel.As nitrogen content is higher, can exist with solid solution condition, from
And deteriorate the toughness plasticity index of steel.Considering, range-controllable system is 0.0040～0.0060%.
T [O]: oxygen forms various oxide in steel and is mingled with.Under the effect of stress, easily produce at these oxide places of being mingled with
Stress is concentrated, and causes the germinating of micro-crack, thus deteriorates mechanical property particularly toughness and the anti-fatigue performance of steel.Therefore, exist
Metallurgical production must take measures reduce its content as far as possible.In view of economy, control its content below 0.0015%.
Present invention EMU axles steel technological process of production Han niobium is: electric arc furnace or converter smelting → LF stove refine → RH or
VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting → strand heating furnace heating → axle blank rolling → axle blank forging → blank axletree is rough turn → and axletree holds together
Face processing → " for the first time quenching+for the second time quenching+high tempering " heat treatment → axletree outer circle finish turning processing → axletree internal bore boring
Processing → cylindricalo grinding → flaw detection.
The Technology for Heating Processing step of present invention key is as follows:
(1) for the first time quenching: by maximum gauge be 200mm, length reaches the EMU axles steel containing niobium of 2200mm and adds
Heat (firing rate is 50～100 DEG C/h) is to temperature 870～900 DEG C, in this temperature section heating and thermal insulation time by 1.5～2.0min/mm
Calculating, water-cooled is to room temperature subsequently.After quenching for the first time, not only refine crystal grain, and improve the inhomogeneities of tissue, for
Finished heat treatment subsequently is carried out tissue and is prepared.
(2) second time quenching: by maximum gauge be about 200mm, length reach about 2200mm containing niobium motor train unit
Axle-steel heating (firing rate is 50～100 DEG C/h), to temperature 850～880 DEG C, is pressed in this temperature section heating and thermal insulation time
1.5～2.0min/mm calculate, and subsequently in quenching tank, by nozzle, axletree carry out underwater water-spraying quick water-cooled (rate of cooling
Control at 1.5～2.5 DEG C/s) to room temperature.
(3) tempering: by maximum gauge be about 200mm, length reach about 2200mm containing niobium EMU axles steel
Heating (firing rate is 50～100 DEG C/h) is to temperature 620～680 DEG C, in this temperature section heating and thermal insulation time by 2～2.5min/mm
Calculating, air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.Through tempering, the metallographic structure of uniform fine and closely woven tempered sorbite+a small amount of lower bainite can be obtained,
Thus good toughness plasticity and suitable intensity index can be obtained.
In a further advantageous embodiment, following scheme can be used: present invention EMU axles steel production technology Han niobium
Flow process is: electric arc furnace or converter smelting → LF stove refine → RH or VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting → strand heating furnace heating → axletree
Base rolling → axle blank forging → blank axletree is rough turn → and the processing of axletree neat end face → " quenching for the first time+second time quenching+high temperature returns
Fire " heat treatment → axletree outer circle finish turning processing → axletree internal bore boring processing → cylindricalo grinding → flaw detection.
The present invention is containing the embodiment of the melting chemical composition of niobium EMU axles steel, main heat treatment process parameter and performance
As follows:
Technology for Heating Processing step and parameter be:
(1) quenching for the first time: be heated to temperature 900 DEG C, heating and thermal insulation time 270min, water-cooled with 80 DEG C/h.
(2) second time quenching: being heated to temperature 880 DEG C with 80 DEG C/h, heating and thermal insulation time 270min, quick water-cooled is (cold
But speed controlling is at 1.5～2.5 DEG C/s).
(3) tempering: be heated to temperature 650 DEG C, heating and thermal insulation time 420min, air cooling with 80 DEG C/h.
Maximum gauge is Φ 200mm, length reaches the melting chemical composition mass percent (wt%) of 2200mm EMU axletree
Being shown in Table 1, be shown in Table 1, EMU axletree performance indications after above heat treatment are shown in Table 2.
The melting chemical composition mass percent (wt%) of table 1 EMU axletree steel
Performance indications after table 2 EMU axletree heat treatment
Performance indications after continued 2 EMU axletree heat treatment
The present invention compared with prior art has the advantage that intensity is high, anti-fatigue performance is excellent.Can obtain more than 800MPa's
High intensity, its plasticity and toughness is substantially better than business steel, its fatigue limit business to be significantly higher than steel, presents good strong
Degree toughness coordinates and the anti-fatigue performance of excellence.Wherein Rm: 800MPa～950MPa, ReLOr Rp0.2>=650MPa, A >=18%,
Z >=40% ,-40 DEG C of impacts of collision absorb merit KV2≥150J；Fracture toughness KQValue >=120MPa m1/2；The rotation of Specimens
Turn bending fatigue limit RfL>=400MPa, the endurance limit under rotating bending R of notched specimenfE>=330MPa, notch sensitivity
RfL/RfE≤1.15；The magnitude of interference is the Fretting Fatigue Limit >=225MPa of 0.04mm sample；Salt air corrosion 14 circulates cycle examination
The corrosion fatigue limit of sample is >=285MPa；The autstenitic grain size of steel is more than or equal to 8.0 grades；EMU axletree " is adjusted
Matter (quenching+high tempering) " steel is organized as tempered sorbite+a small amount of lower bainite, wherein, the nearly table of axletree after heat treatment
Face tempered sorbite content is 100%, and at axletree 1/2 radius, tempered sorbite content is about 85～95%.
Above the present invention is exemplarily described, it is clear that the present invention implements and is not subject to the restrictions described above, as long as adopting
The various improvement carried out with technical scheme are conceived by the method for the present invention, or the most improved that directly apply to other occasion, all
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process Han niobium, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) for the first time quenching: niobium EMU axles steel will be contained and be heated to temperature 870～900 DEG C, at this temperature section heating and thermal insulation
Time, by 1.5～2.0min/mm calculating, cools down subsequently；
(2) second time quenching: niobium EMU axles steel will be contained and be heated to temperature 850～880 DEG C, at this temperature section heating and thermal insulation
Time, by 1.5～2.0min/mm calculating, cools down subsequently；
(3) tempering: niobium EMU axles steel will be contained and be heated to temperature 620～680 DEG C, and press in this temperature section heating and thermal insulation time
2～2.5min/mm calculate, and cool down subsequently.
2. the axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process Han niobium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1) with
80 DEG C/h is heated to temperature 900 DEG C, heating and thermal insulation time 270min, water-cooled.
3. the axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process Han niobium as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in step (2)
It is heated to temperature 880 DEG C, heating and thermal insulation time 270min, quick water-cooled with 80 DEG C/h.
4. as described in claim 1-3 containing niobium axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process, it is characterised in that in step (3) with
80 DEG C/h is heated to temperature 650 DEG C, heating and thermal insulation time 420min, air cooling.
5. as described in claim 1-4 containing niobium axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process, it is characterised in that cold in step (2)
But speed controlling is at 1.5～2.5 DEG C/s.
6. as described in claim 1-5 containing niobium axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process, it is characterised in that step (1) and/
Or firing rate is 50～100 DEG C/h in step (2) and/or step (3).
7. as described in claim 1-6 containing niobium axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process, it is characterised in that water in step (1)
It is cooled to room temperature, and/or step (3) hollow is cooled to room temperature.
8. as described in claim 1-7 containing niobium axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process, it is characterised in that cold in step (2)
But it is by nozzle, axletree to be carried out underwater water-spraying rapid water and be cooled to room temperature in quenching tank.
9. as described in claim 1-8 containing niobium axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process, it is characterised in that described containing niobium at a high speed
Axle of motor train unit steel maximum gauge is 200mm, length reaches 2200mm.
10. as described in claim 1-9 containing niobium axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process, it is characterised in that it is applied to containing niobium
In EMU axles steel production technology, this technique comprises the steps: electric arc furnace or converter smelting → LF stove essence
Refining → RH or VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting → strand heating furnace heating → axle blank rolling → axle blank forging → blank vehicle
Axle is rough turn → and the neat end face of axletree processes → containing niobium axle of motor train unit steel heat treatment process → axletree outer circle finish turning processing → car
Axle internal bore boring processing → cylindricalo grinding → flaw detection.
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| CN105838989B (en) | 2018-07-03 |
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