CN105821304B - A kind of axle of motor train unit steel of titanium containing niobium and its heat treatment process - Google Patents

A kind of axle of motor train unit steel of titanium containing niobium and its heat treatment process Download PDF

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CN105821304B
CN105821304B CN201610416941.2A CN201610416941A CN105821304B CN 105821304 B CN105821304 B CN 105821304B CN 201610416941 A CN201610416941 A CN 201610416941A CN 105821304 B CN105821304 B CN 105821304B
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axle
steel
train unit
heated
niobium
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CN105821304A (en
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孙维
高海潮
苏世怀
杜松林
汪开忠
龚志翔
谢世红
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Maanshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/28—Normalising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of axle of motor train unit steel of titanium containing niobium and its heat treatment process, contain C according to weight percent：0.24~0.30, Si：0.20~0.40, Mn：0.70~1.00, Cr：0.90~1.20, Ni：0.70~1.30, Mo：0.20~0.30, Cu：0.10~0.60, Zr：0.01~0.04, Nb：0.020~0.050, Ti：0.015~0.030, Ca：0.001~0.005, P≤0.010, S≤0.008, T [O]≤0.0015, Als：0.015~0.045, remaining is Fe and other inevitable impurity；The steel is organized as tempered sorbite+a small amount of lower bainite, wherein, axle near surface tempered sorbite content is 100%, and tempered sorbite content is 80~90% at 1/2 radius of axle；Plasticity and toughness are substantially better than business steel after heat treatment, and fatigue limit will be significantly higher than business steel, show good strength and toughness cooperation and excellent anti-fatigue performance.

Description

A kind of axle of motor train unit steel of titanium containing niobium and its heat treatment process
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of alloy steel, and in particular to suitable for 750~900MPa of tensile strength, yield strength >= 600MPa、-40℃KV2>=150J, while require the high-speed EMUs axles steel and its heat of excellent anti-fatigue performance Treatment process.
Background technology
Axle is one of most important movement safe involved in various vehicles and load bearing component.Due to axle subject it is dynamic Load, stress is more complicated, such as bending load, torsional load, bending combined load, and by certain impact, particularly High-speed EMUs axle, stress are increasingly complex.Therefore, high-speed EMUs axle may be because of tired during military service Labor, bending, torsion or tensile stress etc. and be broken, wherein fatigue fracture is the universal fracture mode of high speed axle.It is true The safe operation of vehicle is protected, high-speed EMUs axle must have enough reliability and fatigue safety coefficient.High-speed EMUs Axle material is one of key factor for determining axle service life and reliability, therefore, is attached great importance to both at home and abroad to high quick-action The research and development of vehicle group axles steel and the research of fatigue behaviour.
With the fast development of China express railway, the needs of axle of motor train unit are sharply increased, but at present still mainly according to Rely in import, therefore, there is an urgent need to develop the high-strength and high ductilities and the green wood of long-fatigue life suitable for China railways development characteristic Matter axle steel.In recent years, the antifatigue research and development for destroying axle steel have been carried out both at home and abroad.Such as Chinese patent application Antifatigue destruction axle steel in 201110417295.9, still using the high C content thinking of carbon axle steel in tradition, C content (0.42~0.45%) is higher, this so that the toughness of steel is poor, can not meet requirement of the axle of motor train unit to toughness, and antifatigue The limited extent of performance improvement is high.A kind of novel hollow axle steel alloy in Chinese patent application 201210384581.4, Although carbon content is relatively low, there is preferable combination of strength and toughness, fatigue strength is still relatively low.The axle of motor train unit master introduced from Europe The steel alloy EA4T of modifier treatment is used, although giving chemical composition and mechanical property requirements, does not provide crucial heat Treatment process parameter, it is often more important that the alloying element content of the influence quenching degree in steel is relatively low, leads to the EMU of big specification Tissue (existing does not allow existing ferrite) and performance (nearly center portion intensity, toughness and fatigue behaviour are relatively low) inside axle is past It is past to be difficult to the requirement for reaching standard.These are restricted in practical applications, more crucially axle steel fatigue resistance The amplitude that can improve is limited, influences its popularization and application.
Invention content
For more than problems of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of tensile strength 750~ 900MPa, yield strength >=600MPa, -40 DEG C of KV2>=150J, while require the high speed motor car of excellent anti-fatigue performance Group axles steel and its heat treatment process.Specific technical solution is as follows：
A kind of axle of motor train unit steel of titanium containing niobium, contains C according to weight percent：0.24~0.30, Si：0.20~ 0.40, Mn：0.70~1.00, Cr：0.90~1.20, Ni：0.70~1.30, Mo：0.20~0.30, Cu：0.10~0.60, Zr：0.01~0.04, Nb：0.020~0.050, Ti：0.015~0.030, Ca：0.001~0.005, P≤0.010, S≤ 0.008, T [O]≤0.0015, Als：0.015~0.045, remaining is Fe and other inevitable impurity；The steel is organized as Tempered sorbite+a small amount of lower bainite, wherein, axle near surface tempered sorbite content is 100%, is returned at 1/2 radius of axle Fiery sorbite percentage is 80~90%.
Further, contain C according to weight percent：0.29, Si：0.24, Mn：0.73, Cr：0.94, Ni：0.86, Mo： 0.20, Cu：0.39, Zr：0.04, Nb：0.022, Ti：0.019, Ca：0.001, P：0.008, S：0.001, T [O]：0.0007, Als：0.022, remaining is Fe and other inevitable impurity.
Further, the vertical mixing coefficient of steel reaches：Rm：750MPa~900MPa, ReLOr Rp0.2>=600MPa, A >=18%, Z >=40%, -40 DEG C of impacts of collision absorb work(KV2≥150J；Fracture toughness KQValue >=120MPam1/2；Specimens Endurance limit under rotating bending RfL>=375MPa, the endurance limit under rotating bending R of notched specimenfE>=310MPa, notch sensitivity RfL/RfE≤1.15；Interference volume is Fretting Fatigue Limit >=215MPa of 0.04mm samples；Salt air corrosion 14 recycles cycle sample Corrosion fatigue limit be >=275MPa；The autstenitic grain size of steel is more than or equal to 8.0 grades；Alternatively, heat treatment after steel group Tempered sorbite+a small amount of lower bainite is woven to, wherein, axle near surface tempered sorbite content is 100%, 1/2 radius of axle Locate tempered sorbite content 80~90%.
The above-mentioned axle of motor train unit of titanium containing niobium Heat-Treatment of Steel technique, includes the following steps：
(1) normalizing：Niobium titanium high-speed EMUs axles steel will be contained and be heated to 870~900 DEG C of temperature, heated in the temperature section Soaking time is calculated by 1.2~1.7min/mm, air-cooled；
(2) it quenches：Niobium titanium high-speed EMUs axles steel will be contained and be heated to 850~880 DEG C of temperature, heated in the temperature section Soaking time is calculated by 1.5~2.0min/mm, water cooling；
(3) it is tempered：Niobium titanium high-speed EMUs axles steel will be contained and be heated to 620~680 DEG C of temperature, heated in the temperature section Soaking time is calculated by 2~2.5min/mm, is air-cooled to room temperature.
Further, heating speed is 50~100 DEG C/h in step (1)-(3).
Further, in step (2) in quenching tank, the quick water cooling of underwater water-spraying is carried out to room to axle by nozzle Temperature.
Further, 890 DEG C of temperature is heated to 80 DEG C/h in step (1), heating and thermal insulation time 300min is air-cooled.
Further, 870 DEG C of temperature, heating and thermal insulation time 270min, quick water are heated to 80 DEG C/h in step (2) It is cold.
Further, 650 DEG C of temperature is heated to 80 DEG C/h in step (3), heating and thermal insulation time 420min is air-cooled；With/ Or, cooling velocity is controlled in 1.5~2.5 DEG C/s in step (2).
Further, it is applied to the axle of motor train unit of titanium containing niobium in steel production technology, which includes the following steps：Electricity Arc stove or converter smelting → LF stoves refining → RH or VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting → heating strand stove heat → axle blank rolling → Axle blank forging → blank axle is rough turn → and the neat end face processing → normalizing+Tempering and Quenching of axle → axle outer circle finish turning processing → Axle internal bore boring processing → cylindricalo grinding → flaw detection.
Compared with currently available technology, chemical composition using the present invention, technological process and heat treatment process technological parameter The high-speed EMUs axles steel of titanium containing niobium of production, the vertical mixing coefficient for measuring steel can reach：Rm：750MPa~ 900MPa, ReLOr Rp0.2>=600MPa, A >=18%, Z >=40%, -40 DEG C of impacts of collision absorb work(KV2≥150J；Fracture toughness KQValue >=120MPam1/2；The endurance limit under rotating bending R of SpecimensfL>=375MPa, the rotary bending fatigue of notched specimen Limit RfE>=310MPa, notch sensitivity RfL/RfE≤1.15；Interference volume for 0.04mm samples Fretting Fatigue Limit >= 215MPa；The corrosion fatigue limit that salt air corrosion 14 recycles cycle sample is >=275MPa；The autstenitic grain size of steel is more than Equal to 8.0 grades；Steel is organized as tempering Soxhlet after high-speed EMUs axle " normalizing+quenched (quenching+high tempering) " heat treatment Body+a small amount of lower bainite, wherein, axle near surface tempered sorbite content is 100%, tempered sorbite at 1/2 radius of axle Content is 80~90%.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail below, is a kind of preferred embodiment in numerous embodiments of the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment, a kind of axle of motor train unit steel of titanium containing niobium, contains C according to weight percent：0.24 ~0.30, Si：0.20~0.40, Mn：0.70~1.00, Cr：0.90~1.20, Ni：0.70~1.30, Mo：0.20~0.30, Cu：0.10~0.60, Zr：0.01~0.04, Nb：0.020~0.050, Ti：0.015~0.030, Ca：0.001~0.005, P ≤ 0.010, S≤0.008, T [O]≤0.0015, Als：0.015~0.045, remaining is Fe and other inevitable impurity；Institute That states steel is organized as tempered sorbite+a small amount of lower bainite, wherein, axle near surface tempered sorbite content is 100%, axle Tempered sorbite content is 80~90% at 1/2 radius；The above-mentioned axle of motor train unit of titanium containing niobium Heat-Treatment of Steel technique, including such as Lower step：(1) normalizing：Niobium titanium high-speed EMUs axles steel will be contained and be heated to 870~900 DEG C of temperature, heated in the temperature section Soaking time is calculated by 1.2~1.7min/mm, air-cooled；(2) it quenches：Niobium titanium high-speed EMUs axles steel will be contained and be heated to temperature 850~880 DEG C of degree is calculated, water cooling in the temperature section heating and thermal insulation time by 1.5~2.0min/mm；(3) it is tempered：Niobium titanium will be contained High-speed EMUs axles steel is heated to 620~680 DEG C of temperature, in the temperature section heating and thermal insulation time based on 2~2.5min/mm It calculates, is air-cooled to room temperature.
In a further advantageous embodiment, following scheme may be used：(1) the appropriate C reduced in traditional carbon axle Constituent content improves the toughness and plasticity of steel；(2) Ni, Cu element are added into steel improves the quenching degree and corrosion resistance of steel, and add Enter micro Zr, Nb, Ti element with crystal grain thinning, so as to improve the toughness of steel particularly low-temperature flexibility, and improve the intensity of steel Coordinate with toughness, improve the anti-fatigue performance of steel；(3) suitable Ca elements are added in, denaturation treatment is carried out to the field trash in steel, The stringent content for controlling impurity element T [O], P, S etc. in steel simultaneously, to further improve the anti-fatigue performance of steel.The present invention's It is critical that optimizing components adjustment is organically combined with metallurgical quality control, while high intensity is obtained, obtain Obtain excellent antifatigue destructive characteristics and relatively low cost.
The specific chemical composition (weight %) of steel of the present invention is as follows：C：0.24~0.30, Si：0.20~0.40, Mn：0.70 ~1.00, Cr：0.90~1.20, Ni：0.70~1.30, Mo：0.20~0.30, Cu：0.10~0.60, Zr：0.01~0.04, Nb：0.020~0.050, Ti：0.015~0.030, Ca：0.001~0.005, P≤0.010, S≤0.008, T [O]≤ 0.0015, Als：0.015~0.045, remaining is Fe and other inevitable impurity.
The effect of above-mentioned each element and proportioning are according to as follows：
C：C element is necessary to axle steel obtains high intensity, hardness.C content in traditional axle steel is higher, such as mesh Carbon content in preceding lorry axle steel LZ50 is 0.50%.Although high C content is advantageous to intensity, hardness of steel etc., But it is totally unfavorable to the plasticity and toughness of steel, and make yield tensile ratio reduce, Decarburization Sensitivity increase, deteriorate steel anti-fatigue performance and Processing performance.Therefore the appropriate C content reduced in steel, is controlled below 0.30%.However, it is after quenching and high tempering High intensity and necessary fatigue behaviour needed for obtaining, C content must be more than 0.24%, thus C content preferably controls and is 0.24~0.30%.
Si：Si is main deoxidant element in steel, has very strong solution strengthening effect, but Si too high levels will make steel Plasticity and toughness decline, and the activity of C increases, and decarburization and graphitization of the steel in rolling and heat treatment process is promoted to be inclined to, and Make smelting difficulty and easily form field trash, deteriorate the anti-fatigue performance of steel.Therefore control Si contents are 0.20~0.40%.
Mn：Mn is the effective element of deoxidation and desulfurization, can also improve the quenching degree and intensity of steel, and content is less than 0.70% When, it is difficult to it functions as described above.But when quenching temper, Mn and P have strong grain boundary cosegregation tendency, promote temper brittleness, Deteriorate the toughness of steel, thus control Mn contents below 1.00%.
Cr：Cr can effectively improve the quenching degree and resistance to tempering of steel, to obtain required high intensity；Cr may be used also simultaneously The activity of C is reduced, the steel surface decarburizing tendency in heating, rolling and heat treatment process can be reduced, has utilization to obtain high resist Fatigue behaviour.But too high levels can deteriorate the toughness of steel, thus it is 0.90~1.20% to control Cr contents.
Ni：Ni can improve the quenching degree of steel, the toughness of corrosion resistance and guarantee steel at low temperature.In view of economy, control Ni contents are 0.80~1.30%.
Mo：Effects of the Mo in steel predominantly improves quenching degree, improves resistance to tempering and prevent temper brittleness.In addition, Mo The reasonable cooperation of element and Cr elements can make quenching degree and resistance to tempering be improved significantly.Mo contents are too low, and above-mentioned effect has Limit, Mo too high levels, then above-mentioned effect saturation, and improve the cost of steel.Therefore, control Mo contents are 0.20~0.30%.
Cu：Cu is similar to Ni in terms of solution strengthening, raising quenching degree.Meanwhile addition copper can also improve steel in steel Corrosion fatigue resistant performance, because tiny Cu precipitations have blocked the formation of the initial stage vein texture of fatigue, and copper is precipitated Object has good plasticity, can hinder the extension of fatigue crack；In addition, Cu also improves, steel corrosion resistance acts on；So as to Improve the corrosion fatigue strength of steel.But Cu too high levels, steel easily cause hot-short in heating rolling or forging process.Synthesis is examined Consider, range-controllable system is 0.10~0.60%.
Zr：Adding in a small amount of zirconium has degassing, purification and Grain refinement, is conducive to improve the low temperature impact properties of steel and strong Degree, fatigue behaviour index.Consider, range-controllable system is 0.010~0.040%.
Nb：Nb is mainly shown as crystal grain refinement, precipitation strength and phase transformation strengthening to the Strengthening and Toughening effect of axle steel.Nb is in steel In to replace solute atoms presence, Nb atomic ratio iron atom sizes are big, the segregation easily on dislocation line, dislocation climb generated strong Effect of dragging, be suppressed Recrystallization nucleation, to recrystallization have strong interception, improve tying again for austenite Brilliant temperature, so as to achieve the purpose that fining austenite grains, crystal grain refinement can not only improve the obdurability of steel, and improve steel The cryogenic property of material.But its is expensive.Consider, the range-controllable system of Nb is 0.020%~0.050%.
Ti：Tiny alloying element Ti is added in steel can play solid solution, segregation and precipitation, when them and carbon, nitrogen, sulphur etc. Interaction Energy generates refined crystalline strengthening, precipitate dispersion-strengtherning and inclusion conditioning etc., and the intensity and toughness for making steel are strengthened, and Steel belt roof bolt stability can be improved.Consider, the range-controllable system of Ti is 0.015%~0.030%.
Ca：Ca has the function of deoxidization desulfuration and to non-metallic inclusion denaturation treatment, so as to improve the toughness of steel and anti- Fatigue behaviour.Ca contents do not have above-mentioned effect less than 0.001%, but content is more than 0.005%, then add in it is extremely difficult, and It is mingled with object amount to increase.Thus control Ca contents are 0.001~0.005%.
P：P can form microsegregation in solidification of molten steel, and then when austenitizing temperature heats, segregation in crystal boundary, makes steel Brittleness significantly increase, so control P content below 0.012%.
S：Inevitable impurity in steel forms MnS and is mingled with and can deteriorate the toughness of steel and antifatigue in crystal boundary segregation Performance, thus its content is controlled below 0.008%.
T[O]：Oxygen forms various oxides in steel and is mingled with.It is easy at these oxide places of being mingled under the action of stress Stress concentration is generated, leads to the germinating of micro-crack, so as to deteriorate the mechanical property of steel particularly toughness and anti-fatigue performance.Cause This, must take measures to reduce its content as far as possible in metallurgical production.In view of economy, control its content 0.0015% with Under.
The high-speed EMUs axles steel technological process of production of titanium containing niobium of the invention is：Electric arc furnaces or converter smelting → LF stoves essence Refining → RH or VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting → heating strand stove heat → axle blank rolling → axle blank forging → blank axle is thick The neat end face processing → normalizing+Tempering and Quenching → axle outer circle finish turning processing → axle internal bore boring processing → outer circle of vehicle → axle Grinding → flaw detection.
Crucial heat treatment process step of the invention is as follows：
(1) normalizing：It is 200mm by maximum gauge, the high-speed EMUs of titanium containing the niobium axles steel of length up to 2200mm heat (heating speed is 50~100 DEG C/h) presses 1.2~1.7min/ to 870~900 DEG C of temperature in the temperature section heating and thermal insulation time Mm is calculated, air-cooled.Crystal grain has not only been refined after normalizing, and has improved the inhomogeneities of tissue, at subsequent final heat Reason carries out tissue preparation.
(2) it quenches：It is 200mm by maximum gauge, the high-speed EMUs of titanium containing the niobium axles steel of length up to 2200mm heat (heating speed is 50~100 DEG C/h) presses 1.5~2.0min/ to 850~880 DEG C of temperature in the temperature section heating and thermal insulation time Mm is calculated, then in quenching tank, axle is carried out by nozzle underwater water-spraying quick water cooling (cooling velocity control 1.5~ 2.5 DEG C/s) to room temperature.
(3) it is tempered：It is 200mm by maximum gauge, the high-speed EMUs of titanium containing the niobium axles steel of length up to 2200mm heat (heating speed is 50~100 DEG C/h) presses 2~2.5min/mm to 620~680 DEG C of temperature in the temperature section heating and thermal insulation time It calculates, is then air-cooled to room temperature.By tempering, the metallographic structure of uniform fine and closely woven tempered sorbite+a small amount of lower bainite can be obtained, So as to obtain good toughness plasticity and suitable intensity index.
In a further advantageous embodiment, following scheme may be used：The high-speed EMUs of titanium containing niobium axles steel produces work Skill flow is：Electric arc furnaces or converter smelting → LF stoves refining → RH or VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting → heating strand stove heat → vehicle Shaft blank rolling → axle blank forging → blank axle is rough turn → axle neat end face processing → normalizing+quenched (quenching+high tempering) Heat treatment → axle outer circle finish turning processing → axle internal bore boring processing → cylindricalo grinding → flaw detection.
Melting chemical composition, main heat treatment process parameter and the performance of present invention titanium containing niobium high-speed EMUs axles steel Embodiment it is as follows：
Heat treatment process step and parameter are：
(1) normalizing：890 DEG C of temperature is heated to 80 DEG C/h, heating and thermal insulation time 300min is air-cooled.
(2) it quenches：870 DEG C of temperature, heating and thermal insulation time 270min, quick water cooling (cooling velocity are heated to 80 DEG C/h Control is in 1.5~2.5 DEG C/s).
(3) it is tempered：650 DEG C of temperature is heated to 80 DEG C/h, heating and thermal insulation time 420min is air-cooled.Maximum gauge is Φ The melting chemical composition mass percent (wt%) that 200mm, length reach 2200mm high-speed EMUs axles is shown in Table 1, high speed motor car Performance indicator of the group axle after being heat-treated above is shown in Table 2.
The melting chemical composition mass percent (wt%) of 1 high-speed EMUs axle steel of table
Performance indicator after the heat treatment of 2 high-speed EMUs axle of table
Performance indicator after the heat treatment of 2 high-speed EMUs axle of continued
The present invention has the advantages that intensity is high, anti-fatigue performance is excellent compared with prior art.More than 700MPa can be obtained High intensity, plasticity and toughness is substantially better than business steel, and fatigue limit will be significantly higher than business steel, shows good strong Spend toughness cooperation and excellent anti-fatigue performance.Wherein：Rm：750MPa~900MPa, ReLOr Rp0.2>=600MPa, A >=18%, Z >=40%, -40 DEG C of impacts of collision absorb work(KV2≥150J；Fracture toughness KQValue >=120MPam1/2；The rotation of Specimens Bending fatigue limit RfL>=375MPa, the endurance limit under rotating bending R of notched specimenfE>=310MPa, notch sensitivity RfL/RfE ≤1.15；Interference volume is Fretting Fatigue Limit >=215MPa of 0.04mm samples；Salt air corrosion 14 recycles the corrosion of cycle sample Fatigue limit is >=275MPa；The autstenitic grain size of steel is more than or equal to 8.0 grades；" the normalizing+quenched of high-speed EMUs axle Steel is organized as tempered sorbite+a small amount of lower bainite after (quenching+high tempering) " heat treatment, wherein, the tempering of axle near surface Sorbite percentage is 100%, and tempered sorbite content is 80~90% at 1/2 radius of axle.
The present invention is exemplarily described above, it is clear that present invention specific implementation is not subject to the restrictions described above, As long as it employs the various improvement of inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention progress or not improved directly applies to other fields It closes, within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the axle of motor train unit Heat-Treatment of Steel technique of titanium containing niobium, which is characterized in that the axle of motor train unit steel of titanium containing niobium, according to weight Amount percentage contains：C：0.29, Si：0.24, Mn：0.73, Cr：0.94, Ni：0.86, Mo：0.20, Cu：0.39, Zr：0.04, Nb：0.022, Ti：0.019, Ca：0.001, P：0.008, S：0.001, T [O]：0.0007, Als：0.022, it is remaining for Fe and other Inevitable impurity；The steel is organized as tempered sorbite+a small amount of lower bainite, wherein, axle near surface tempering Soxhlet Body content is 100%, and tempered sorbite content is 80~90% at 1/2 radius of axle；Include the following steps：
(1) normalizing：Niobium titanium high-speed EMUs axles steel will be contained, 890 DEG C of temperature is heated to 80 DEG C/h, heated in the temperature section Soaking time is calculated by 1.2~1.7min/mm, and heating and thermal insulation time 300min is air-cooled；
(2) it quenches：Niobium titanium high-speed EMUs axles steel will be contained, 870 DEG C of temperature is heated to 80 DEG C/h, heated in the temperature section Soaking time is calculated by 1.5~2.0min/mm, heating and thermal insulation time 270min, and in quenching tank, axle is carried out by nozzle The quick water cooling of underwater water-spraying to room temperature, cooling velocity is controlled in 1.5~2.5 DEG C/s；
(3) it is tempered：Niobium titanium high-speed EMUs axles steel will be contained, 650 DEG C of temperature is heated to 80 DEG C/h, heated in the temperature section Soaking time is calculated by 2~2.5min/mm, and heating and thermal insulation time 420min is air-cooled to room temperature.
2. the axle of motor train unit Heat-Treatment of Steel technique of titanium containing niobium as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the motor-car of titanium containing niobium The vertical mixing coefficient of group axles steel steel reaches：Rm：750MPa~900MPa, ReLOr Rp0.2>=600MPa, A >=18%, Z >=40%, -40 DEG C of impacts of collision absorb work(KV2≥150J；Fracture toughness KQValue >=120MPam1/2；The rotation of Specimens is curved Bent fatigue limit RfL>=375MPa, the endurance limit under rotating bending R of notched specimenfE>=310MPa, notch sensitivity RfL/RfE≤ 1.15；Interference volume is Fretting Fatigue Limit >=215MPa of 0.04mm samples；The corrosion that salt air corrosion 14 recycles cycle sample is tired The labor limit is >=275MPa；The autstenitic grain size of steel is more than or equal to 8.0 grades.
3. the axle of motor train unit Heat-Treatment of Steel technique of titanium containing niobium as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is applied to contain With in steel production technology, which includes the following steps niobium titanium axle of motor train unit：Electric arc furnaces or converter smelting → LF stoves refining → RH or VD vacuum outgas → continuous casting → heating strand stove heat → axle blank rolling → axle blank forging → blank axle is rough turn → The neat end face processing → normalizing+Tempering and Quenching → axle outer circle finish turning processing → axle internal bore boring processing → cylindricalo grinding of axle → flaw detection.
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CN1873042A (en) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-06 株式会社神户制钢所 Steel for forging having excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance and crankshaft
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