CN105829069B - 一种用于将边缘嵌条与家具板连接的方法 - Google Patents

一种用于将边缘嵌条与家具板连接的方法 Download PDF

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CN105829069B
CN105829069B CN201480069664.1A CN201480069664A CN105829069B CN 105829069 B CN105829069 B CN 105829069B CN 201480069664 A CN201480069664 A CN 201480069664A CN 105829069 B CN105829069 B CN 105829069B
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A·维尔梅谢尔
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Abstract

一种用于将边缘嵌条与家具板连接的方法，其中，借助激光器(1)使具有由塑料制成的表面(3)的边缘嵌条(2)在该表面(3)上熔化，优选随后，接合到家具板(4)上，其中，所述激光器(1)发射具有波长在1100nm与2200nm、优选在1400nm与2000nm之间的激光，其中，该波长适应于塑料的吸收光谱带。

Description

一种用于将边缘嵌条与家具板连接的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于将边缘嵌条与家具板连接的方法，其中借助激光器使具有由塑料制成的表面的边缘嵌条在该表面上熔化并且优选随后接合到家具板上。
背景技术
自长时间以来，通常构造为层压板或MDF板的聚合的边缘嵌条在由木头构成的家具板上的固定是通用的、以便实现在该家具板的窄侧上家具板的在视觉上并且也在功能上无瑕疵的覆盖的方法。所述固定例如可以借助熔化粘合剂实现，所述熔化粘合剂例如在边缘嵌条即将接合到家具板上之前施加边缘嵌条上。
具有开始时所描述的特征的方法由EP 1 163 864B1已知。在现有技术中提出，使用具有波长在0.7至30μm、优选0.8至1.0μm范围中的激光。在最后所描述的、800至1000nm的光谱的情形中，例如应当使用二极管激光器或半导体激光器。800至1000nm的波长对于这种激光器而言是典型的。在EP 1 163 864B1中还提出，借助激光优选仅仅激活边缘嵌条的上边缘区域和下边缘区域，从而相应地不存在边缘嵌条与家具板的完全平面的连接。
在EP 1 163 864B1中所描述的方法的技术实现通过相应适合的边缘嵌条的开发才实现，如其例如在DE 20 2007 011 911U1中所描述的那样。在该文档中提出，边缘嵌条装备有接合到家具板上的熔体层，所述熔体层在分子结构上既包含极性的部分也包含非极性的部分。
通过非极性部分一方面应当得当地保证熔体层具有与原本的边缘嵌条的好的化学结合，所述边缘嵌条例如由非极性聚丙烯组成。相反，在分子构造上极性的部分应当确保与家具板的纤维素的好的化学结合，所述家具板具有极性特性。熔体层因此优选用作极性家具板和非极性边缘嵌条材料之间的“化学桥”。为了改善激光尤其在熔体层中的吸收能力，在DE 20 2007 011 911U1中提出，熔体层具有激光颜料。在所述文档中所描述的技术开发已经在实践中被证明可行，因为其尤其能够在“零接合”的意义上实现边缘嵌条与家具板的没有接合的连接。完成制造的家具板看上去好像“由铸件制成”并且持久地保持该没有瑕疵的外观，因为在从家具板到边缘嵌条的过渡区域中不能聚集污物。然而，激光颜料是相对昂贵的并且具有所述熔体层的至少两层的边缘嵌条的制造相对于单层边缘嵌条导致增大的制造耗费。
发明内容
在所述背景下，本发明所基于的任务是提供一种具有开始时所述特征的方法，其能够实现非常成本有利的激光方法，以便制造具有与其接合的边缘嵌条的相应家具板。
根据本发明，所述任务通过以下解决：激光器发射具有在1100nm与2200nm之间的、优选在1400nm与2000nm之间的波长的激光，其中所选择的波长适应于(adapt to)塑料的吸收光谱带。因此，根据本发明，对于激光器选择能够直接被传统聚合物吸收的波长。这例如在现有技术中通用的二极管激光器的情况下不是这种情形，因为其工作在800至1000nm的波长范围中。在所述波谱中不能实现传统塑料、例如聚丙烯、ABS等等的激发。因此，在使用这种二极管激光器时在现有技术中在边缘嵌条中经常需要先前已经描述的激光颜料。
根据本发明的波长例如可以通过掺杂有铥和/或铒的激光二极管生成。二极管激光器的特征在于紧凑的结构形状和相对低的成本。在本发明的范畴内尤其在于，为了边缘嵌条的激光接合，如此加装已经处于运行中的、装备有通常在波长范围800至最大1070nm中工作的二极管激光器的装置，使得该装置发射具有根据本发明所述波长的激光。用于实施根据本发明的方法的投资耗费在该情形中特别低。借助根据本发明的方法能够没有问题地实现，与由EP 1 163 864B1的教导相反地，边缘嵌条在整个表面上与家具板的相应的窄侧连接。
恰当地，使波长如此适应于塑料的吸收光谱带，使得塑料在该波长的情况下对于该激光具有在10-90％、例如20-80％、尤其20-50％、优选30-50％范围中的吸收度。吸收度表示为被塑料的表面吸收、即接收入射的激光波功率的份额。由此，一方面保证塑料可以通过激光被激活并且因此可以被熔化。另一方面，吸收度不会大到使得塑料不受控制地熔化，而是可以实现仅仅在边缘嵌条的表面附近的区域中的控制的熔化。只要不存在激光的完全吸收，则能够实现通过激光束的聚焦状态和焦深选择性地熔化边缘嵌条直至限定的深度，即最终熔化边缘嵌条的限定的部分体积。在此没有指出热导效应
Figure BDA0001022392640000031
如例如在当前通用的、具有激光的完全吸收焊接方法中需要。对于不同塑料，该实施例中的图2示出根据激光波长的吸收度。
在本发明的范畴内例如在于，波长位于1440至1500nm的范围中。该光谱例如尤其(相对于图2中的光谱I)适于激活POM(聚甲醛)和PBT(聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)。波长尤其可以位于1460至1480nm的范围中。
替代地，波长也可以位于1520至1580nm的范围中，尤其位于1550至1570nm的范围中。该光谱(其在图2中以II标识)尤其适于激活POM和PA12。
在本发明的范畴内，同样可行的是，波长位于1620至1680nm的范围中，尤其位于1640至1660nm的范围中。该光谱(其在图2中以III标识)例如可以用于激活PMMA、PP或也用于PA12。
对此替代地，同样可以得当地选择波长在1910至1970nm范围中。在本发明的范畴内，该光谱(其在图2中以IV标识)同样尤其适于激活PMMA、PP或PA12。
在本发明的范畴内尤其在于，边缘嵌条不存在激光颜料。如先前所描述的那样，特定选择的激光仅仅足够引起塑料的相应激活并且因此加热/熔化，而不需要所述颜料。这引起显著的成本节省。
只要边缘嵌条由极性聚合物、尤其PMMA、ABS或PVC组成，则在根据本发明的方法中这样的边缘嵌条基本上可以直接接合在同样极性的家具板上。在该情形中，边缘嵌条可以相应地单层地构造。
对此替代地，边缘嵌条也可以多层地构造并且具有聚合的结构层以及用于与家具板接合的聚合的熔体层。当所述结构层由非极性塑料、尤其PP组成时，这尤其是方便的。所描述的两层构造但也基本上适合，只要结构层也由极性塑料、尤其PMMA、ABS或PC组成，因为熔体层的特性(例如其流动性并且因此形状配合地固定在家具板的粗糙表面中的能力)可以特定地适应于激光接合的过程。
恰当地，熔体层在分子结构中既包含极性的部分，也包含非极性的部分。由此，优选能够实现非极性结构层与家具板的材料的化学结合。熔体层似乎起非极性边缘嵌条与极性家具板之间的化学桥的作用。在本发明的范畴内在于，熔体层包含接枝共聚物、优选马来酸酐(MAH)接枝的聚合物、尤其PP-MAH。通过相应的接枝可以保证，如此制造的分子向外具有不仅极性的而且非极性的特征。
边缘嵌条可以具有0.3至5mm、优选0.7至3mm的总厚度。熔体层得当地具有0.1至1.5mm、优选0.2至0.5mm的厚度。
本发明的主题也是依照根据本发明的方法制造的、具有如此固定的聚合的边缘嵌条的家具板。
附图说明
以下，借助仅仅示出一个实施例的附图详细阐述本发明。其中示意性地示出：
图1：用于阐明根据本发明的方法的、具有部分连接的边缘嵌条的家具板棱边的示意性且透视的视图。
图2：不同塑料关于激光波长的吸收度的吸收的示图。
具体实施方式
图1示出一种方法，其中借助二极管激光器1使具有塑料制成的表面3的边缘嵌条2在该表面3上熔化并且随后以该表面3接合到家具板4的窄侧10上。所发射的激光波长在1400nm和2000nm之间的范围中，其中所选择的波长适应于边缘嵌条2的要熔化的表面3上的塑料的吸收光谱带。由此，借助激光可以实现边缘嵌条2的面向家具部件4的表面3的直接熔化，而不需要使用激光颜料(Laserpigmenten)。可以使用不同的吸收光谱带，其分别取决于在边缘嵌条2的表面3上所使用的材料。在该实施例中，波长位于1620-1680或1910-1970nm的范围中。
边缘嵌条2多层地构造并且具有聚合的结构层5以及用于接合在家具板4上的聚合的熔体层6。结构层5由非极性塑料、即PP组成。相反，熔体层6在分子结构中既具有极性的部分，又具有非极性的部分，从而能够实现由PP构成的非极性结构层5与家具板4的极性材料(纤维素)的化学结合。熔体层6同样具有PP作为基础材料并且包含MAH-接枝的聚丙烯。因此，如尤其借助图2的以下观察可识别出的那样，激光的波长适应于聚丙烯的吸收光谱带，所述聚丙烯是熔体层6的基础材料。边缘嵌条2在上侧和下侧上具有超出部
Figure BDA0001022392640000051
该超出部在边缘嵌条2的固定之后被移除，以便使边缘嵌条2与家具板4的两个前表面8的棱边7齐平，该超出部通过虚线a标识。
对此替代地，然而也可行的是，边缘嵌条整体上由极性聚合物、例如PMMA、ABA或PVC组成。在该情形中通常也可以单层地构造边缘嵌条，因为极性边缘嵌条材料与极性家具板的连接是必须的并且激光可以直接激活边缘嵌条的极性塑料的分子。
图2示出多种塑料对于激光在相应的激光波长的吸收度。示出的是PA 12、PBT、PMMA；POM和PP。要注意的是，不能实现激光器的波长的任意调节，而是出于物理原因在技术上仅仅可以实现特定的有针对性的波长。
图2整体上示出四个(以I至IV)有特征的光谱，它们位于根据本发明的范畴内。光谱I覆盖1440至1500nm范围中的波长。该光谱尤其适于激活POM(聚甲醛)和PBT(聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)，因为POM或PBT在该光谱中具有20-50％的范围A中的吸收度，所述吸收度对于表面的有目的的熔化是有利的。
光谱II覆盖1520至1580nm范围中的波长。由于上述原因，该光谱特别适于激活POM和PA12。
在光谱III中，波长位于1620至1680nm的范围中。所述范围中的波长尤其可以用于激活PMMA、PP或也用于PA12。光谱IV涉及1910至1970nm范围中的波长并且同样尤其适于激活PMMA、PP或PA12。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于将边缘嵌条与极性家具板连接的方法，其中，借助激光器(1)使具有由塑料制成的表面(3)的边缘嵌条(2)在该表面(3)上熔化，随后，接合到家具板(4)上，其特征在于，所述激光器(1)发射具有波长在1100nm与2200nm之间的激光，其中，所选择的波长适应于所述塑料的吸收光谱带，其中，所述边缘嵌条(2)不具有激光颜料，其中，所述边缘嵌条(2)由极性聚合物组成，以及其中，所述边缘嵌条(2)构造为单层，使得所述边缘嵌条(2)能直接接合到同样是极性的家具板上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述极性聚合物为PMMA、ABS或PVC。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述波长在1400nm至2000nm之间。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述波长
-位于1440至1500nm范围中，或者
-位于1520至1580nm范围中，或者
-位于1620至1680nm范围中，或者
-位于1910至1970nm范围中。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述波长如此适应于所述塑料的吸收光谱带，使得所述塑料在该波长时对于所述激光具有在20-80％的范围中的吸收度。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述波长如此适应于所述塑料的吸收光谱带，使得所述塑料在该波长时对于所述激光具有在30-50％的范围中的吸收度。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述激光器(1)构造为二极管激光器。
8.一种家具板(4)，其具有固定在其上的、根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法制造的聚合的边缘嵌条(2)。
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