CN105821298A - High-performance nodular cast iron winding drum and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

High-performance nodular cast iron winding drum and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105821298A
CN105821298A CN201610357227.0A CN201610357227A CN105821298A CN 105821298 A CN105821298 A CN 105821298A CN 201610357227 A CN201610357227 A CN 201610357227A CN 105821298 A CN105821298 A CN 105821298A
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China
Prior art keywords
apperance
casing
iron
reel
molten iron
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CN201610357227.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105821298B (en
Inventor
刘宪民
刘明亮
刘庆坤
周长猛
巩传海
张永
牛向明
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SHANDONG HUIFENG CASTING CO Ltd
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SHANDONG HUIFENG CASTING CO Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B22C7/02—Lost patterns
    • B22C7/023—Patterns made from expanded plastic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
    • B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/082—Sprues, pouring cups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
    • B22C9/24—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings for hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/15—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-performance nodular cast iron winding drum which is formed by machining nodular cast iron. The nodular cast iron comprises, by weight, 3.0%-3.3% of C, 3.6%-4.0% of Si, less than 0.02% of S, less than 0.03% of P, less than 0.3% of Mn, 0.02%-0.04% of Mg, 0.01%-0.025% of RE, 0.2%-0.3% of Mo, 0.12%-0.15% of Ni, 0.003%-0.010% of Ca, 0.005%-0.010% of Ba, less than or equal to 0.003% of Bi, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities, and the total content of Ca and Ba is no less than 0.010% and no more than 0.020%. The high-performance nodular cast iron winding drum has high strength and toughness and is suitable for large or super-large engineering equipment. The invention further discloses a manufacturing method of the high-performance nodular cast iron winding drum.

Description

A kind of high performance spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering equipment technical field, especially relate to a kind of high performance spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Reel is one of key components and parts of large lifting equipment, churning driven and hoisting speed reducer, owing to the steel wire rope of load-bearing is directly wound on reel, reel directly bears sling load, and its quality good or not has vital impact to the safe operation of crane gear, churning driven and hoisting speed reducer.Along with the developing trend of modern project is maximized, large-scale or ultra-large type crane gear, rig and hoisting speed reducer the application of construction machinery industry is more and more extensive, and weight and the lift of lifting all increase considerably.Such as: the hoisting weight of ultra-large type crane gear has reached a few kiloton；The lift of ultra-large type hoist engine has reached hundreds of meters.Therefore, material of reel and preparation method thereof is had higher requirement.
At present, use the reel that common spheroidal graphite cast-iron manufactures, compared with structural steel welding processing reel, a series of mechanical performance index such as tensile strength, elongation percentage is on the low side, when therefore using reel under the bad working environments such as high load capacity, HI high impact, easily occur brittle crack, grooving abrasion etc. to lose efficacy, cause potential safety hazard, seriously constrain reel in the large-scale or popularization and application of ultra-large type construction machinery industry.
In order to improve serviceability and the security performance that reel uses, recent year begins one's study high-performance nodular cast iron reel.The Chinese patent of Patent No. CN1900340 discloses a kind of as cast condition high strength high extensibility ductile cast iron material, and each component of this patent and percentage by weight thereof be: C3.5～3.8%, Si2.6～3.1%, Mn≤0.3%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.05%, surplus is Fe.The mechanical property of its foundry goods is tensile strength sigmab>=480MPa, yield strength σ0.2>=310MPa, elongation percentage δ >=20%, cloth hardness HB is ferrite >=85% at 150-200, the metallographic structure matrix of foundry goods, cementite≤3%, iron phosphide eutectic≤1%；The spheroidal graphite cast-iron intensity of this patent disclosure is lower slightly, it is impossible to meet the application technology index of high-performance reel.The Chinese patent of Patent No. CN101603142 discloses a kind of high-intensity high-tenacity ductile cast iron casting and preparation method thereof, the each component of this patent and percentage by weight thereof be: C3.6～3.8%, Si2.4～2.8%, Mn0.8～0.9%, Cu0.5～0.6%, Cr0.1～0.2%, S≤0.02%, P≤0.07%, surplus is Fe.The mechanical property of its foundry goods is tensile strength >=590MPa, yield strength >=380MPa, elongation percentage >=8%；The manganese of this foundry goods, copper content are higher, and causing with elongation percentage is that main mechanical performance index is on the low side.The Chinese patent of Patent No. CN102747268B discloses a kind of high intensity, high-ductility spheroidal graphite cast-iron and manufacture method thereof, the each component of this patent and percentage by weight thereof be: C3.4～3.8%, Si2.3～2.7%, Mn0.3～0.5%, Cu0.3～0.5%, Cr0.02～0.10%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.04%, Sb0.001～0.005%, Mg0.03～0.06%, Re0.001～0.003%, surplus is Fe；The matrix of its foundry goods is made up of the ferrite and pearlite of certain proportion content, has higher-strength and higher percentage elongation, can meet heavy-duty truck Drive axle housing, the use requirement of support class foundry goods.The matrix of this foundry goods contains carbide and generates element Cr, and simultaneously containing substantial amounts of pearlitic structrure in matrix, therefore the elongation percentage of foundry goods is on the low side.
Therefore, how to provide one to have high performance, especially high-intensity high-tenacity, and to be applicable to large-scale or ultra-large type crane gear, churning driven and hoisting speed reducer spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel be that current those skilled in the art need badly and solve the technical problem that.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high performance spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel, spheroidal graphite cast-iron used by this spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel has higher intensity and higher toughness, and can be applicable to large-scale or ultra-large type crane gear, churning driven and hoisting speed reducer.Another mesh of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of a kind of above-mentioned spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention provides is:
A kind of high performance spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel, is processed by ductile cast iron material, and spheroidal graphite cast-iron used includes following components in percentage by weight: the C of 3.0%～3.3%；The Si of 3.6%～4.0%；S < 0.02%；P < 0.03%；Mn < 0.3%；The Mg of 0.02%～0.04%；The RE of 0.01%～0.025%；The Mo of 0.2%～0.3%；The Ni of 0.12%～0.15%；The Ca of 0.003%～0.010%, the Ba of 0.005%～0.010%, and 0.010%≤Ca+Ba≤0.020%, Bi≤0.003%；Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preferably, the percentage by weight of described Mo is 0.22%～0.28%.
Preferably, the percentage by weight of described Ni is 0.125%～0.145%.
Preferably, the tensile strength sigma of spheroidal graphite cast-iron usedb>=540MPa, yield strength σ0.2>=400MPa, elongation percentage δ >=14%.
The invention provides a kind of high performance spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel, in composition proportion；By increasing Si content, percentage by weight has reached 3.6%～4.0%, promotes graphitization, and fining ferrite, Si serves solid solution strengthening effect in iron-based body simultaneously, it is achieved that higher intensity；Refine ferrite by increasing Mo, enhanced matrix, improved and improve the combination properties such as intensity, hardness, toughness；By increasing Ni reinforced ferrite, refine graphite, increase the number of graphite, improve nodularization effect, strengthen matrix, eliminate the silicon fragility impact brought due to the increase of Si content, improve the toughness of matrix.This formulated component makes the quantity of graphite nodule, size, form and distribution in spheroidal graphite cast-iron, it is thus achieved that the as-cast structure of a large amount of globular graphites of the ferrite matrix of more than 95% and tiny, uniform, Dispersed precipitate.Present invention process method is simple, and raw material and production cost are relatively low, it is easy to popularization and application.
The present invention also provides for the preparation method of a kind of above-mentioned spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel, comprises the following steps:
1) reel apperance is produced:
Described reel includes the spool body of hollow tubular, upper block plate, lower block plate and is positioned at the chock hole portion inside spool body one end；
Described reel apperance includes that apperance and lower apperance, described upper apperance coincide with the radial section of described spool body with the bonding Mosaic face of described lower apperance and pass the inferolateral surface in described chock hole portion；
Atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics are produced described lower apperance by injection molding forming method；
Atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics are produced described upper apperance by injection molding forming method, then by the surface impregnation coating in addition to lower annular end face of described upper apperance, then stucco, then sinter, during sintering, described upper mold sample gasization loses mould, obtaining the shell of described upper apperance, the lower annular end face of described shell is the opening for making molten iron flow into；
Atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics are produced runner system apperance by injection molding forming method；
Take an atactic copolymerized polypropene plastic hoop, lower annular end face bonding connection by the upper annular end face of described lower apperance Yu described atactic copolymerized polypropene plastic hoop, and inserted the upper annular end face of atactic copolymerized polypropene plastic hoop in the circular opening of described shell, and the upper annular end face of described lower apperance and the seamless splicing of lower annular end face of described shell is made to be used for casting reel so that described lower apperance and described shell are spliced into integral piece；
Described lower apperance is integral by bonding connection with described runner system apperance, and described runner system apperance is bonded on the bottom surface of described lower apperance, obtains including the apperance integral piece of described lower apperance, shell and runner system apperance；
2) take first casing, by step 1) in apperance integral piece be positioned in described first casing with vertical；
Then in the periphery of described apperance integral piece to lay multiple cooling coil from top to bottom in the way of described apperance integral piece, each cooling coil has the most independent import and outlet, by controlling the process of setting of multiple cooling coils and the spacing size control molten iron of described apperance integral piece outer wall；
Then at the boring of described apperance integral piece, multiple cooling coil is laid from top to bottom, each cooling coil has the most independent import and outlet, by controlling the process of setting of multiple cooling coils and the spacing size control molten iron of described apperance integral piece inwall；
Then stalk is set, described upper stalk passes and is fixed in the lower bottom of described first casing, the free end lower surface of described runner system apperance is docked with the upper end open of described upper stalk, and the free end lower surface of described runner system apperance is completely covered by the upper end open of described upper stalk, seal described upper stalk and the junction of bottom under described first casing；
Then vaccum suction tube is set, described vaccum suction tube passes and is fixed on the side box wall of described first casing, one end of described vaccum suction tube keeps at a certain distance away with described apperance integral piece, the other end of described vaccum suction tube is exposed at the outside of described first casing and connects with vacuum system, seals the junction of described vaccum suction tube and described first case-side tank wall；
Then back-up sand in described first casing, is then compacted, obtains sand mold；
Then whole described first casing is sealed；
3) smelting molten iron, then sequentially passes through molten iron spheroidising, an inoculation and late inoculation and processes, obtain the molten iron described in above-mentioned any one, then contained by molten iron open containers；
4) by step 3) in open containers be placed in a second airtight casing, and the top case lid making the lower end of described upper stalk pass described second casing immerses in the molten iron in described open containers, seal the junction of described upper stalk and described second casing；
5) in described second casing, compressed gas is blowed, simultaneously, open vacuum system and produce vacuum, molten iron in open containers is under the effect of the pressure of compressed gas and the suction force of vacuum, flow in the die cavity of sand mold along rising liquid pipe, molten iron fills type from the bottom up, first runner system apperance and lower mold sample gas, subsequently in the hollow cavity in shell, until the liquid level in open containers no longer declines shows that molten iron fills whole sand mold die cavity, gas after gasification is taken away by vacuum system by vaccum suction tube, then keep blowing gas and evacuation, until the molten steel solidification in sand mold die cavity；
After the liquid level in open containers no longer declines, in each cooling coil, supply cooling medium to carry out cooled and solidified and to realize consecutive solidification from top to bottom to spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel the most successively, and meanwhile, the molten iron in sand mold die cavity applies electromagnetic agitation；
6) after the import department of cooling coil of bottom is less than 3 DEG C with the temperature difference of the cooling medium in exit, stop blowing compressed gas and evacuation, then described upper stalk is extracted out from described second casing, then described first casing is taken apart, then sand mold is abolished, knock out described shell, obtain spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of a kind of high performance spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel, based on tradition sand mould casting method, and carried out many places improvement on this basis, the present invention has a following useful technique effect:
null1) in sand casting originally，Reel apperance many employings wooden model，After making sand mold，Wooden model to be taken out，In order to take out wooden model，Need to do some special designs，Such as: sand mold at least two-layer is beneficial to later stage taking-up wooden model，Wooden model needs to make pattern draft to facilitate the later stage to take out wooden model，Etc.，After casting，Also to machine the pattern draft removed on foundry goods，Waste time and energy，Add production cost，Reduce production efficiency，For this，The present invention uses plastics apperance，Owing to plastics apperance is easy to gasification touching the molten iron of high temperature when，Become gas to be taken away by vacuum system，Leave behind a sand mold die cavity similar to reel structure profile，Therefore，In the present invention，Sand mold need not arrange die joint，Whole sandbox is a complete sandbox，Without arranging pattern draft，Without arranging corresponding to core at the hollow cavity of spool body etc.，Above-mentioned apperance integral piece is directly embedded in back-up sand the most permissible，Time saving and energy saving，Cost-effective，Improve efficiency.
2) present invention uses injection mo(u)lding, emphasize to use non-foam moulding process, the apperance obtained after molding has higher density and intensity than foam plastics, compaction force bigger during can bearing compacting back-up sand below, and it is unlikely to, so that upper apperance, lower apperance and casting system apperance, deformation occurs, and foam plastics is easily deformed under this compaction force.
null3) in sand casting originally，Need to place a core at the hollow cavity in chock hole portion and cast out this hollow cavity to water，Owing to this hollow cavity wall thickness is bigger but hollow internal diameter is less，Make the making of this core、Location is laid very inconvenient，It is easy for casting unsuccessfully this hollow cavity，Even if using above-mentioned plastics apperance，It is also required to place a core herein，Still there is above-mentioned problem，For this，The present invention is further，Whole reel apperance is divided at chock hole two pieces be fabricated separately，Lower apperance is exactly above-mentioned being produced by injection molding forming method by atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics，Upper apperance is first to be produced by injection molding forming method by atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics，Shell is produced on whole surface in upper apperance the most again，This shell is a hollow shell，By above-mentioned atactic copolymerized polypropene plastic hoop, lower apperance is stitched together with this shell，The when of casting，Molten iron fills type from the bottom up，First lower mold sample gas，Subsequently in the hollow cavity in this shell，Final solidification obtains reel，It is arranged such，Core just need not be set again，Just there is not above-mentioned problem.
4) in original sand casting, liquation fills type from top to bottom, and the gas in sand mold moves from the bottom up, gas is made to be melt hydraulic pressure, it is difficult to the problem from sand mold effusion, cause volume gas serious in sand casting and pore problem, for this, in the present invention, it is placed in vertical for apperance integral piece in sand mold, and described runner system apperance is bonded on the bottom surface of described lower apperance, making molten iron is to fill type from the bottom up, apperance integral piece is to gasify from the bottom up, gas after gasification is also to move from the bottom up, the direction of three is consistent, thus avoid above-mentioned volume gas and pore problem.
null5) sand casting now，Foundry goods is all natural cooling，The cast structure obtained after solidification is what what is exactly，Entirely without there being purpose control，It it is a kind of cooled and solidified entirely without control，There is segregation more in the solidified structure obtained、Shrinkage cavity、Shrinkage porosite、Cold shut、The defects such as coarse grains，Have a strong impact on the mechanical property of foundry goods，For this，The present invention，Cooling coil is imbedded in advance in sand mold，By controlling the process of setting of multiple cooling coils and the spacing size control molten iron of described reel apperance outer wall，By controlling the process of setting of multiple cooling coils and the spacing size control molten iron of described reel apperance inwall，And select suitably to be initially supplied the opportunity of cooling medium，And control multiple cooling coil is initially supplied order before and after cooling medium，And control corresponding cooling medium consumption and pressure in each cooling coil，To realize carrying out spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel forcing cooled and solidified，Improve cooling to hasten，With inhibiting grain growth，Obtain crystal grain thinning，The mechanical properties such as the intensity and the toughness that are considerably improved foundry goods by refined crystalline strengthening，And realize consecutive solidification from top to bottom，The top of foundry goods first cools down，Solidify the most gradually downward，Then the bottom solidification of foundry goods，It it is finally casting system solidification，Significantly reduce the shrinkage cavity in original sand casting、Shrinkage porosite and cold shut problem，Improve casting quality.Owing in the first casing, sand mold has bigger breathability, in gas after plastics gasification and cavity filling process, the extraneous air entered in the first airtight casing can flow in the first casing, as a kind of heat transfer medium, by the cooling medium that the heat filling sections water is passed in cooling coil that flows, realize the pressure cooling effect of above-mentioned cooling coil, improve the structure property of foundry goods.
6) in tradition sand casting, liquation is entirely the gravity flowing by self and fills type, it is easy to that the problems such as misrun, cold shut, shrinkage cavity and porosity occur, for this, the present invention, the pressure of compressed gas and the suction force of vacuum is used jointly to act on and molten iron fills whole sand mold die cavity, and before solidification completely, keep blowing gas and evacuation, molten iron is made to fill sand mold die cavity with a pressure all the time, and cool down therewith, significantly reduce the quality problems such as misrun, cold shut, shrinkage cavity and porosity.
7) present invention arranges electromagnetic agitation, rather than electric and magnetic oscillation, electromagnetic agitation simply stirring liquid liquation, only working the spheroidal graphite cast-iron that can produce magnetic, electromagnetic agitation can be smashed dendrite, crystal grain thinning and reduce segregation etc., and electric and magnetic oscillation is to whole first casing generation effect, apparently, vibration is easily destroyed the most ready-made sand mold, and destroys upper stalk and vaccum suction tube etc. and the sealing of the junction of the first casing, destroys vacuum in the first casing etc..
Accompanying drawing explanation
The front view of the reel that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the rearview of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the centre section topology view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the A-A face cross section view in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the B-B face cross section view in Fig. 3；
Fig. 6 is the lower apperance and the splicing line position view of upper apperance that in the present invention, reel apperance includes；
Fig. 7 is the cross-sectional view of upper apperance in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view of lower apperance in the present invention.
In figure: 1 reel, 101 spool body, block plate on 102,103 times block plates, 104 chock hole portions, apperance on 2,3 times apperances, 4 splicing lines.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be further appreciated by the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but it is to be understood that these descriptions simply further illustrate inventive feature and advantage rather than limiting to the claimed invention.
The invention provides a kind of high performance spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel, ductile cast iron material process, spheroidal graphite cast-iron used includes following components in percentage by weight: the C of 3.0%～3.3%；The Si of 3.6%～4.0%；S < 0.02%；P < 0.03%；Mn < 0.3%；The Mg of 0.02%～0.04%；The RE of 0.01%～0.025%；The Mo of 0.2%～0.3%；The Ni of 0.12%～0.15%；The Ca of 0.003%～0.010%, the Ba of 0.005%～0.010%, and 0.010%≤Ca+Ba≤0.020%, Bi≤0.003%；Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
In one embodiment of the invention, the percentage by weight of described Mo is 0.22%～0.28%.
In one embodiment of the invention, the percentage by weight of described Ni is 0.125%～0.145%.
In one embodiment of the invention, tensile strength sigma b of spheroidal graphite cast-iron used >=540MPa, yield strength σ 0.2 >=400MPa, elongation percentage δ >=14%.
Now, spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel many employings sand mould casting method molding, but there are some problems more, to this end, present invention also offers the preparation method of a kind of above-mentioned spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel, comprise the following steps:
1) reel apperance is produced:
As shown in figure Fig. 1 Fig. 5, described reel 1 includes the spool body 101 of hollow tubular, upper block plate 102, lower block plate 103 and is positioned at the chock hole portion 104 inside spool body 101 one end；Chock hole portion 104 includes that wall thickness is bigger but hollow cavity that hollow internal diameter is less；
Described reel apperance includes that apperance 2 and lower apperance 3, described upper apperance 2 coincide with the radial section of described spool body 101 with the bonding connection face of described lower apperance 3 and pass the inferolateral surface in described chock hole portion 104；As shown in Figure 6, in figure, dotted line is the splicing line 4 of apperance 2 and the bonding of lower apperance 3；Above-mentioned lower apperance 3 and upper apperance 2 are similar to the contour structures of its true thing, simply exist and compensate the magnification ratio of shrinkage factor in casting solidification process, and there is not the pattern draft in tradition sand casting；
Atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics are produced described lower apperance 3 by injection molding forming method；
Atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics are produced described upper apperance 2 by injection molding forming method, then by the surface impregnation coating in addition to lower annular end face of described upper apperance 2, then stucco, then sinter, sintering during described on apperance 2 gasification lose mould, obtaining the shell of described upper apperance 2, the lower annular end face of described shell is the opening for making molten iron flow into；
Atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics are produced runner system apperance by injection molding forming method；Preferably, runner system apperance is solid vertical column；
Take an atactic copolymerized polypropene plastic hoop, lower annular end face bonding connection by the upper annular end face of described lower apperance 3 Yu described atactic copolymerized polypropene plastic hoop, and inserted by the upper annular end face of atactic copolymerized polypropene plastic hoop in the circular opening of described shell, and the upper annular end face of described lower apperance 3 is made integrally to be used for casting reel described lower apperance 3 to be spliced into described shell with the seamless splicing of lower annular end face of described shell；
Described lower apperance 3 is integral by bonding connection with described runner system apperance, and described runner system apperance is bonded on the bottom surface of described lower apperance 3, obtains including the apperance integral piece of described lower apperance 3, shell and runner system apperance；Preferably, by PUR bonding connection；
Above-mentioned atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics, for based on atactic copolymerized polypropene, add the plastics that stabilizer, lubricant, plasticizer etc. are made.The formula of above-mentioned atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics is not particularly limited by the present invention, uses conventional formulation in the art；
The present invention uses injection mo(u)lding, emphasize to use non-foam moulding process, the apperance obtained after molding has higher density and intensity than foam plastics, compaction force bigger during can bearing compacting back-up sand below, and it is unlikely to, so that upper apperance 2, lower apperance 3 and casting system apperance, deformation occurs, and foam plastics is easily deformed under this compaction force；
nullOriginally in sand casting，Reel apperance many employings wooden model，After making sand mold，Wooden model to be taken out，In order to take out wooden model，Need to do some special designs，Such as: sand mold at least two-layer is beneficial to later stage taking-up wooden model，Wooden model needs to make pattern draft to facilitate the later stage to take out wooden model，Etc.，After casting，Also to machine the pattern draft removed on foundry goods，Waste time and energy，Add production cost，Reduce production efficiency，For this，The present invention uses plastics apperance，Owing to plastics apperance is easy to gasification touching the molten iron of high temperature when，Become gas to be taken away by vacuum system，Leave behind a sand mold die cavity similar to reel structure profile，Therefore，In the present invention，Sand mold need not arrange die joint，Whole sandbox is a complete sandbox，Without arranging pattern draft，Without arranging corresponding to core at the hollow cavity of spool body 101 etc.，Above-mentioned apperance integral piece is directly embedded in back-up sand the most permissible，Time saving and energy saving，Cost-effective，Improve efficiency；
nullOriginally in sand casting，Need to place a core at the hollow cavity in chock hole portion 104 and cast out this hollow cavity to water，Owing to this hollow cavity wall thickness is bigger but hollow internal diameter is less，Make the making of this core、Location is laid very inconvenient，It is easy for casting unsuccessfully this hollow cavity，Even if using above-mentioned plastics apperance，It is also required to place a core herein，Still there is above-mentioned problem，For this，The present invention is further，Whole reel apperance is divided at chock hole two pieces be fabricated separately，Lower apperance 3 is exactly above-mentioned being produced by injection molding forming method by atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics，Upper apperance 2 is first to be produced by injection molding forming method by atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics，Shell is produced on whole surface in upper apperance 2 the most again，This shell is a hollow shell，By above-mentioned atactic copolymerized polypropene plastic hoop, lower apperance 3 is stitched together with this shell，The when of casting，Molten iron fills type from the bottom up，First lower apperance 3 is gasified，Subsequently in the hollow cavity in this shell，Final solidification obtains reel，It is arranged such，Core just need not be set again，Just there is not above-mentioned problem.Prepared by above-mentioned shell raw material for the present invention and preparation method is not particularly limited, and uses the convenient source in this area and method；
2) take first casing, by step 1) in apperance integral piece be positioned in described first casing with vertical；
In original sand casting, liquation fills type from top to bottom, and the gas in sand mold moves from the bottom up, gas is made to be melt hydraulic pressure, it is difficult to the problem from sand mold effusion, cause volume gas serious in sand casting and pore problem, for this, in the present invention, it is placed in vertical for apperance integral piece in sand mold, and described runner system apperance is bonded on the bottom surface of described lower apperance 3, making molten iron is to fill type from the bottom up, apperance integral piece is to gasify from the bottom up, gas after gasification is also to move from the bottom up, the direction of three is consistent, thus avoid above-mentioned volume gas and pore problem；
Then in the periphery of described apperance integral piece to lay multiple cooling coil from top to bottom in the way of described apperance integral piece, each cooling coil has the most independent import and outlet, by controlling the process of setting of multiple cooling coils and the spacing size control molten iron of described apperance integral piece outer wall；
Then at the boring of described apperance integral piece, multiple cooling coil is laid from top to bottom, each cooling coil has the most independent import and outlet, by controlling the process of setting of multiple cooling coils and the spacing size control molten iron of described apperance integral piece inwall；
nullSand casting now，Foundry goods is all natural cooling，The cast structure obtained after solidification is what what is exactly，Entirely without there being purpose control，It it is a kind of cooled and solidified entirely without control，There is segregation more in the solidified structure obtained、Shrinkage cavity、Shrinkage porosite、Cold shut、The defects such as coarse grains，Have a strong impact on the mechanical property of foundry goods，For this，The present invention，Cooling coil is imbedded in advance in sand mold，By controlling the process of setting of multiple cooling coils and the spacing size control molten iron of described apperance integral piece outer wall，By controlling the process of setting of multiple cooling coils and the spacing size control molten iron of described apperance integral piece inwall，And select suitably to be initially supplied the opportunity of cooling medium，And control multiple cooling coil is initially supplied order before and after cooling medium，And control corresponding cooling medium consumption and pressure in each cooling coil，To realize carrying out spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel forcing cooled and solidified，Improve cooling to hasten，With inhibiting grain growth，Obtain crystal grain thinning，The mechanical properties such as the intensity and the toughness that are considerably improved foundry goods by refined crystalline strengthening，And realize consecutive solidification from top to bottom，The top of foundry goods first cools down，Solidify the most gradually downward，Then the bottom solidification of foundry goods，It it is finally casting system solidification，Significantly reduce the shrinkage cavity in original sand casting、Shrinkage porosite and cold shut problem，Improve casting quality；Owing in the first casing, sand mold has bigger breathability, in gas after plastics gasification and cavity filling process, the extraneous air entered in the first airtight casing can flow in the first casing, as a kind of heat transfer medium, by the cooling medium that the heat filling sections water is passed in cooling coil that flows, realize the pressure cooling effect of above-mentioned cooling coil, improve the structure property of foundry goods；
Then stalk is set, described upper stalk passes and is fixed in the lower bottom of described first casing, the free end lower surface of described runner system apperance is docked with the upper end open of described upper stalk, and the free end lower surface of described runner system apperance is completely covered by the upper end open of described upper stalk, seal described upper stalk and the junction of bottom under described first casing；
Then vaccum suction tube is set, described vaccum suction tube passes and is fixed on the side box wall of described first casing, one end of described vaccum suction tube keeps at a certain distance away with described apperance integral piece, the other end of described vaccum suction tube is exposed at the outside of described first casing and connects with vacuum system, seals the junction of described vaccum suction tube and described first case-side tank wall；
Then back-up sand in described first casing, is then compacted, obtains sand mold；This sand mold is identical by sand kind, manufacture method etc. with the sand mold in tradition sand casting process, and it is not specifically limited to this for the present invention, uses of the prior art；
Then whole described first casing is sealed to coordinate above-mentioned vacuum system extracting vacuum；Vacuum herein is all negative-pressure vacuum in meaning whole first casing, owing to the present invention uses the sand mold in tradition sand casting, this sand mold has higher breathability, so that above-mentioned plastics gas and the circulation of air originally, and taken away by vacuum system eventually through vaccum suction tube；
3) smelting molten iron, then sequentially passes through molten iron spheroidising, an inoculation and late inoculation and processes, obtain above-mentioned molten iron, then contained by molten iron open containers；
4) by step 3) in open containers be placed in a second airtight casing, and the top case lid making the lower end of described upper stalk pass described second casing immerses in the molten iron in described open containers, seal the junction of described upper stalk and described second casing；
5) in described second casing, compressed gas is blowed, simultaneously, open vacuum system and produce vacuum, molten iron in open containers is under the effect of the pressure of compressed gas and the suction force of vacuum, flow in the die cavity of sand mold along rising liquid pipe, molten iron fills type from the bottom up, first runner system apperance is gasified with lower apperance 3, subsequently in the hollow cavity in shell, until the liquid level in open containers no longer declines shows that molten iron fills whole sand mold die cavity, gas after gasification is taken away by vacuum system by vaccum suction tube, then keep blowing gas and evacuation, until the molten steel solidification in sand mold die cavity；
In tradition sand casting, liquation is entirely the gravity flowing by self and fills type, it is easy to that the problems such as misrun, cold shut, shrinkage cavity and porosity occur, to this end, the present invention, the pressure of compressed gas and the suction force of vacuum is used jointly to act on and molten iron fills whole sand mold die cavity, and before solidification completely, keep blowing gas and evacuation so that molten iron fills sand mold die cavity with a pressure all the time, and cool down therewith, significantly reduce the quality problems such as misrun, cold shut, shrinkage cavity and porosity；
After the liquid level in open containers no longer declines, in each cooling coil, supply cooling medium the most successively spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel is carried out cooled and solidified and realizes consecutive solidification from top to bottom, it is preferred that cooling medium is water；
Meanwhile, the molten iron in sand mold die cavity applies electromagnetic agitation；
It it is electromagnetic agitation herein, rather than electric and magnetic oscillation, electromagnetic agitation simply stirring liquid liquation, only working the spheroidal graphite cast-iron that can produce magnetic, electromagnetic agitation can be smashed dendrite, crystal grain thinning and reduce segregation etc., and electric and magnetic oscillation is to whole first casing generation effect, apparently, vibration is easily destroyed the most ready-made sand mold, and destroys upper stalk and vaccum suction tube etc. and the sealing of the junction of the first casing, destroys vacuum in the first casing etc.；
6) after the import department of cooling coil of bottom is less than 3 DEG C with the temperature difference of the cooling medium in exit, stop blowing compressed gas and evacuation, then described upper stalk is extracted out from described second casing, then described first casing is taken apart, then sand mold is abolished, knock out described shell, obtain spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel；Then proceed to follow-up process, such as heat treatment；
In traditional sand casting, when unpack complete with personal experience, easily determine error, and the present invention is using the temperature difference of the import department of the cooling coil of bottom and the cooling medium in exit as unpacking criterion, after this temperature difference is less than 3 DEG C, show that the temperature of the bottom of foundry goods is reduced to relatively low, can unpack, it is provided that a kind of that grow out of nothing and more intuitive and convenient determination methods.
The explanation of above example is only intended to help to understand method and the core concept thereof of the present invention.It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, it is also possible to the present invention is carried out some improvement and modification, these improve and modify in the protection domain also falling into the claims in the present invention.
Described above to the disclosed embodiments, makes professional and technical personnel in the field be capable of or uses the present invention.Multiple amendment for these embodiments is apparent from for those skilled in the art, and generic principles defined herein can realize without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to the widest range consistent with principles disclosed herein and features of novelty.

Claims (5)

1. a high performance spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel, it is characterised in that processed by ductile cast iron material, spheroidal graphite cast-iron used includes following components in percentage by weight: the C of 3.0%～3.3%；The Si of 3.6%～4.0%；S < 0.02%；P < 0.03%；Mn < 0.3%；The Mg of 0.02%～0.04%；The RE of 0.01%～0.025%；The Mo of 0.2%～0.3%；The Ni of 0.12%～0.15%；The Ca of 0.003%～0.010%, the Ba of 0.005%～0.010%, and 0.010%≤Ca+Ba≤0.020%, Bi≤0.003%；Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the percentage by weight of described Mo is 0.22%～0.28%.
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the percentage by weight of described Ni is 0.125%～0.145%.
Spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the tensile strength sigma of spheroidal graphite cast-iron usedb>=540MPa, yield strength σ0.2>=400MPa, elongation percentage δ >=14%.
5. the preparation method of the spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel described in a Claims 1 to 4 any one, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) reel apperance is produced:
Described reel includes the spool body of hollow tubular, upper block plate, lower block plate and is positioned at the chock hole portion inside spool body one end；
Described reel apperance includes that apperance and lower apperance, described upper apperance coincide with the radial section of described spool body with the bonding Mosaic face of described lower apperance and pass the inferolateral surface in described chock hole portion；
Atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics are produced described lower apperance by injection molding forming method；
Atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics are produced described upper apperance by injection molding forming method, then by the surface impregnation coating in addition to lower annular end face of described upper apperance, then stucco, then sinter, during sintering, described upper mold sample gasization loses mould, obtaining the shell of described upper apperance, the lower annular end face of described shell is the opening for making molten iron flow into；
Atactic copolymerized polypropene plastics are produced runner system apperance by injection molding forming method；
Take an atactic copolymerized polypropene plastic hoop, lower annular end face bonding connection by the upper annular end face of described lower apperance Yu described atactic copolymerized polypropene plastic hoop, and inserted the upper annular end face of atactic copolymerized polypropene plastic hoop in the circular opening of described shell, and the upper annular end face of described lower apperance and the seamless splicing of lower annular end face of described shell is made to be used for casting reel so that described lower apperance and described shell are spliced into integral piece；
Described lower apperance is integral by bonding connection with described runner system apperance, and described runner system apperance is bonded on the bottom surface of described lower apperance, obtains including the apperance integral piece of described lower apperance, shell and runner system apperance；
2) take first casing, by step 1) in apperance integral piece be positioned in described first casing with vertical；
Then in the periphery of described apperance integral piece to lay multiple cooling coil from top to bottom in the way of described apperance integral piece, each cooling coil has the most independent import and outlet, by controlling the process of setting of multiple cooling coils and the spacing size control molten iron of described apperance integral piece outer wall；
Then at the boring of described apperance integral piece, multiple cooling coil is laid from top to bottom, each cooling coil has the most independent import and outlet, by controlling the process of setting of multiple cooling coils and the spacing size control molten iron of described apperance integral piece inwall；
Then stalk is set, described upper stalk passes and is fixed in the lower bottom of described first casing, the free end lower surface of described runner system apperance is docked with the upper end open of described upper stalk, and the free end lower surface of described runner system apperance is completely covered by the upper end open of described upper stalk, seal described upper stalk and the junction of bottom under described first casing；
Then vaccum suction tube is set, described vaccum suction tube passes and is fixed on the side box wall of described first casing, one end of described vaccum suction tube keeps at a certain distance away with described apperance integral piece, the other end of described vaccum suction tube is exposed at the outside of described first casing and connects with vacuum system, seals the junction of described vaccum suction tube and described first case-side tank wall；
Then back-up sand in described first casing, is then compacted, obtains sand mold；
Then whole described first casing is sealed；
3) smelting molten iron, then sequentially passes through molten iron spheroidising, an inoculation and late inoculation and processes, obtain the molten iron described in Claims 1 to 4 any one, then contained by molten iron open containers；
4) by step 3) in open containers be placed in a second airtight casing, and the top case lid making the lower end of described upper stalk pass described second casing immerses in the molten iron in described open containers, seal the junction of described upper stalk and described second casing；
5) in described second casing, compressed gas is blowed, simultaneously, open vacuum system and produce vacuum, molten iron in open containers is under the effect of the pressure of compressed gas and the suction force of vacuum, flow in the die cavity of sand mold along rising liquid pipe, molten iron fills type from the bottom up, first runner system apperance and lower mold sample gas, subsequently in the hollow cavity in shell, until the liquid level in open containers no longer declines shows that molten iron fills whole sand mold die cavity, gas after gasification is taken away by vacuum system by vaccum suction tube, then keep blowing gas and evacuation, until the molten steel solidification in sand mold die cavity；
After the liquid level in open containers no longer declines, in each cooling coil, supply cooling medium to carry out cooled and solidified and to realize consecutive solidification from top to bottom to spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel the most successively, and meanwhile, the molten iron in sand mold die cavity applies electromagnetic agitation；
6) after the import department of cooling coil of bottom is less than 3 DEG C with the temperature difference of the cooling medium in exit, stop blowing compressed gas and evacuation, then described upper stalk is extracted out from described second casing, then described first casing is taken apart, then sand mold is abolished, knock out described shell, obtain spheroidal graphite cast-iron reel.
CN201610357227.0A 2016-05-26 2016-05-26 High-performance nodular cast iron winding drum and manufacturing method thereof Active CN105821298B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002275574A (en) * 2001-03-13 2002-09-25 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd High strength high toughness spheroidal graphite cast iron
CN102703802A (en) * 2012-06-08 2012-10-03 上海宏钢电站设备铸锻有限公司 High-strength high-toughness low-temperature-resistant ferritic nodular cast iron
CN105506440A (en) * 2015-12-15 2016-04-20 山东汇丰铸造科技股份有限公司 Nodular cast iron winding drum high in strength and ductility and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002275574A (en) * 2001-03-13 2002-09-25 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd High strength high toughness spheroidal graphite cast iron
US20040079450A1 (en) * 2001-03-13 2004-04-29 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Nodular graphite cast iron with high strength and high toughness
CN102703802A (en) * 2012-06-08 2012-10-03 上海宏钢电站设备铸锻有限公司 High-strength high-toughness low-temperature-resistant ferritic nodular cast iron
CN105506440A (en) * 2015-12-15 2016-04-20 山东汇丰铸造科技股份有限公司 Nodular cast iron winding drum high in strength and ductility and preparation method thereof

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