CN103639363B - Preparation method of large abrasion-proof hollow grinding ball - Google Patents
Preparation method of large abrasion-proof hollow grinding ball Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a large abrasion-proof hollow grinding ball, and belongs to the technical field of metal abrasion-proof materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a casting shape, wherein an air extraction support mechanism is prearranged in the core part of a foam plastic die sample, and comprises a support part and an extraction branch tube; step 2, performing a smelting process, wherein pouring molten steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.3-0.5% of C, 0.5-1.5% of Si, 0.5-2% of Mn, 1.0-3.0% of Cr, 1.0-3.0% of Ni, 0.5-2% of Mo, 0.24-0.32% of B, 0.28-0.35% of V, 0.08-0.13% of Ti, 0.8-1.2% of rare earth, less than or equal to 0.02% of P, less than or equal to 0.02% of S, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, and C% is equal to 1.2*B%+(0.06 to 0.13); step 3, performing a pouring process; and step 4, performing heat treatment. Through the preparation method of the large abrasion-proof hollow grinding ball, the problems of poor tenacity of the hollow grinding ball, the offset of a conventional sand type casting sand core and uneven ball wall can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of metal wear, more particularly, relate to a kind of preparation method of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball.
Background technology
EM type medium speed mill is the medium-speed ball formula grinding machine that Britain B & W company produces, early sixties is by introducing China abroad, late nineteen nineties, China developed domestic EM type medium speed mill on introduction basis, had now become the main milling equipment of China's electric power and mine industry.Its main grinding principle is that abrading-ball rolls between upper and lower bull ring, will enter mineral between mill road pulverize, so abrading-ball and bull ring are its main consumable accessorys.According to the size of equipment, conventionally place 5～10 abrading-balls, China introduces abroad at the seventies on the basis of abrading-ball and has developed autonomous EM type medium speed mill abrading-ball, but ball radius less (general diameter is less than 500mm) at that time, and Material quality of grinding balls be take high-carbon CrNiMo steel as main.Along with the maximization of equipment, its abrading-ball size also increases, external diameter by
extremely
for weight reduction, these abrading-balls are all set to hollow, and its wall thickness is by 100mm to 150mm, and weight is by 0.62 ton to 3.6 tons, and 5 fabrication holes are set, aperture from
arrive
the generalized section of abrading-ball as shown in Figure 1, in figure: 1, hollow abrading-ball body, 2, fabrication hole.Because hollow abrading-ball bears larger shock loading in operation process, and the impact flexibility of high-carbon CrNiMo steel is lower, (be generally 10J/cm
2left and right), be difficult to bear larger shock loading, and cause the brittle flaking off in abrading-ball use procedure, even cracked.In order to improve the toughness of hollow abrading-ball, the general Heavy Carriage Wheel that adopts in prior art, but the integrated performance index of its hardness and toughness is difficult to meet the serviceability requirement of large hollow abrading-ball simultaneously, cause service life shorter, trace it to its cause be the composition of abrading-ball and Technology for Heating Processing unreasonable.
In addition,, about the casting technique of large hollow abrading-ball, its maximum difficult point is how to control the thin and thick uniformity of abrading-ball.In casting process, core is generally fixed by arbor, but for external diameter is
extremely
large hollow abrading-ball, its molten steel reaches several weights to the buoyancy of core, in prior art by directly draw exhaust tube from core, by core being vacuumized to control the position of core, but the even problem of wall unevenness that this mode still cannot fine solution large hollow abrading-ball.In prior art, the large hollow abrading-ball that is 150mm for wall thickness, can reach ± 10% left and right of the deviation of its wall thickness, i.e. the core floating about 15mm that makes progress, causing the top of hollow abrading-ball to divide wall thickness is 135mm, it is 165mm that wall thickness is divided in the bottom of hollow abrading-ball.The wall unevenness of large hollow abrading-ball is even great on its serviceability impact, specifically comprise following several aspect: the wall unevenness of (1) hollow abrading-ball is even, in the time of can causing hollow abrading-ball to roll, lower bull ring is produced the jerk power of moment between upper and lower bull ring, lower bull ring easily produces embrittlement, thereby affect the normal operation of equipment, maintenance cost increases thereupon; (2) wall unevenness of hollow abrading-ball is even, can cause hollow abrading-ball between adjacent abrading-ball, to clash in rolling process, thereby affects the service life of abrading-ball, even occurs quick-fried ball phenomenon; (3) wall unevenness of abrading-ball is even, can cause equipment to vibrate in running and noise large, and increased the weight of the energy resource consumption of grinding machine.In sum, the even property of hollow abrading-ball wall unevenness former because: in hollow grounding ball casting process, core is fixing not firm, causes core displacement in casting process, causes the wall thickness deviation of hollow abrading-ball larger.How making the deviation of large hollow abrading-ball wall thickness in ± 3%, is the technical barrier that perplexs large hollow grounding ball casting enterprise in prior art.
About the foundry engieering scheme of hollow abrading-ball, existing similar open in prior art.Wherein: the Full mold casting mould that discloses a kind of medium speed mill hollow ball in the patent document of China Patent No. ZL201120342871.3, it is formed by some mold unit combination, every mold unit is corresponding to wherein one of hollow ball, every mold unit includes patrix, counterdie, matrix, the shape of patrix die cavity is corresponding to the external surface shape of hollow ball, the shape of counterdie die cavity is corresponding to the inner surface configuration of hollow ball, the cavity that upper and lower mould is combined formation is just in time corresponding to the hollow ball shape of wherein, matrix is placed between upper and lower mould, match with the die cavity of upper and lower mould in its top and bottom, it is a complete hollow ball that the foundry goods that some molds unit obtains combines.In the process of casting, matrix disappearance by every mold unit makes lost foam forming machine produce a part for hollow ball, although can guarantee concentricity and the roundness of hollow ball by group mould mould when combination, this application case cannot solve the larger problem of hollow abrading-ball wall thickness deviation.
In addition, the patent document of Chinese Patent Application No. 201210119692.2 discloses a kind of lost foam casting process of large-sized grinder hollow ball, the step of this application case is: (1), each piecemeal matrix of design grinding machine hollow ball: according to the design drawing of hollow abrading-ball, abrading-ball is divided into some piecemeals, designs and make each piecemeal metal foaming mould; (2), make each piecemeal matrix: select the special-purpose eps foam bead of casting, make each piecemeal foam matrix; (3), assembling matrix: make grinding machine hollow ball bubbles model, matrix cemented side seam will hook gap with PUR; The roundness that checks matrix with model, error can not be greater than 5 millimeters; (4), moulding: the abrading-ball bubbles model assembling is put into sandbox; At nowel and centre circle place, exhaust tube is placed in centre circle and top box connection place; 5 technique sand cleaning holes are real with chromite sand plug; (5), cast: the fire clay shutoff of sandbox surrounding, prevent from leaking gas, vacuum is greater than 0.65MPa; The cast of employing bottom pour ladle, 1580～1650 ℃ of tapping temperatures, 1530～1580 ℃ of pouring temperatures.This application case is by burst molding and negative-pressure los mould casting technique, solved to a certain extent the even problem of hollow abrading-ball wall unevenness, but the technical problem that this application case key will solve is how on subtable, to produce large-sized grinder hollow ball, adopt the hydro-planing of such scheme sand mold comparatively serious, still the deviation of uncontrollable large hollow abrading-ball wall thickness is in ± 3%.
Summary of the invention
1. the technical problem that invention will solve
The object of the invention is to overcome the hardness of the medium-and-large-sized hollow abrading-ball of prior art and the integrated performance index of toughness is poor, and cannot the larger problem of fine control large hollow abrading-ball wall thickness deviation, a kind of preparation method of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball is provided, adopt technical scheme of the present invention, can improve the toughness of large hollow abrading-ball, guarantee its serviceability, and the deviation of large hollow abrading-ball wall thickness can successfully be controlled at ± 3% in.
2. technical scheme
For achieving the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
The preparation method of a kind of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball of the present invention, the steps include:
The preparation of step 1, casting and molding
According to the dimensional requirement of hollow abrading-ball finished product, make foam plastics mould, and by this foam plastics mould swabbing post-drying, foam plastics mould after oven dry is put into sandbox, the bottom of this foam plastics mould is placed with the hemispherical chill identical with foam plastics mould radian, and filled composite molding sand, after filling, on jarring machine, shake, make composite sand be full of surrounding and the heart portion of foam plastics mould, composite sand is full of after whole sandbox, at sandbox top covered with plastic film, then to sandbox, access vacuum extractor pipeline and vacuumize, in sandbox, vacuum keep is at 0.04～0.06MPa, described composite sand is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: 55% chromite sand, 15% quartz sand, 15% mound sand and 15% natural silica Sand, wherein: described chromite sand is≤104 μ m by particle diameter, 104～140 μ m, 140～180 μ m, 180～200 μ m, 200～400 μ m powders form, wherein particle diameter be≤104 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 4%, particle diameter be 104～140 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 27%, particle diameter be 140～180 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 35%, particle diameter be 180～200 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 29%, particle diameter be 200～400 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 5%,
In the heart portion of described foam plastics mould, be preset with the supporting mechanism of bleeding, this supporting mechanism of bleeding comprises support member and suction branch, described support member is annulus tubular structure, described suction branch is connected mutually with the sidewall of support member, and be connected with the internal cavities of support member, on the sidewall of this support member, offer aspirating hole, suction branch is connected with vacuum extractor through fabrication hole, and above-mentioned support member is horizontally set in the composite sand of foam plastics mould heart portion;
Step 2, fusion process
Adopt medium-frequency induction furnace to carry out fusion smelting, by steel scrap, the pig iron requires to put into successively medium-frequency induction furnace according to fusing and melts, and the composition of pour steel is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.3～0.5%, Si:0.5～1.5%, Mn:0.5～2%, Cr:1.0～3.0%, Ni:1.0～3.0, Mo:0.5～2%, B:0.24～0.32%, V:0.28～0.35%, Ti:0.08～0.13%, rare earth: 0.8～1.2%, P :≤0.02%, S :≤0.02%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity, wherein: C%=1.2 * B%+(0.06～0.13), according to the composition of above-mentioned pour steel, calculate alloy addition, in the backward medium-frequency induction furnace of molten steel to be fused into, add alloy to carry out alloying, wherein: ferro-boron, vanadium iron, it is 0.5～1.0mm that ferro-titanium is crushed to granularity, and ferro-boron, vanadium iron, ferro-titanium adds respectively its half of addition separately in alloying process, and after deoxidation, molten steel is come out of the stove to pouring ladle, and the tapping temperature of molten steel is 1600～1650 ℃, in pouring ladle, carry out argon bottom-blowing stirring, argon blowing rate is 200～300NL/min, and argon blowing time is 3～5min,
Step 3, casting process
The molten steel of step 2 melting is poured into a mould in step 1 casting sand type, pouring temperature is 1500～1550 ℃, molten steel in pouring ladle running channel from rising head enters, meanwhile, by alloy add mechanism to rising head place, add ferro-boron, vanadium iron, ferro-titanium separately addition residue half, ferro-boron, vanadium iron and ferro-titanium enter reative cell with molten steel, running channel after molten steel enters after reative cell, enter afterwards foam plastics mould moulding by casting, be 60～90s the duration of pouring; Described front running channel, reative cell and rear running channel are all arranged at sandbox inside, and front running channel is communicated with rising head and reative cell, and rear running channel is positioned at reative cell below;
In the process of moulding by casting, vacuum extractor is connected with suction branch, and the aspirating hole by support member sidewall vacuumizes the composite sand of foam plastics mould heart portion, and its vacuum degree control is 0.04～0.06MPa; After cast finishes, treat that hollow abrading-ball foundry goods is cooled to below 200 ℃, can open sandbox and hollow abrading-ball foundry goods is cleared up;
Step 4, heat treatment
Hollow abrading-ball after step 3 cleaning is heat-treated, and its process is as follows:
(1), hollow abrading-ball is contained in chamber type electric resistance furnace, with the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, controls and be warming up to 160 ℃, be incubated 2 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 290 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 460 ℃ again, be incubated 4 hours; With the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 620 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 790 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 870 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 1020～1050 ℃ again, be incubated the air cooling of coming out of the stove after 6 hours;
(2), after step (1) is processed, be cooled to room temperature, then pack hollow abrading-ball into chamber type electric resistance furnace and carry out double tempering, drawing process is as follows for the first time: with the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 120 ℃, be incubated 2 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 230 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 350 ℃ again, be incubated 4 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 800～950 ℃ again, be incubated the air cooling of coming out of the stove after 7 hours; Drawing process is as follows for the second time: with the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 140 ℃, be incubated 2 hours; With the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 280 ℃ again, be incubated the air cooling of coming out of the stove after 6 hours, the reduction of having leisure ball.
Preferably, the composition of the pour steel of step 2 melting is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.42%, Si:0.9%, Mn:1.2%, Cr:2.1%, Ni:1.9, Mo:1.7%, B:0.28%, V:0.31%, Ti:0.11%, rare earth: 0.95%, P:0.01%, S:0.01%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preferably, the composition of the pour steel of step 2 melting is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.35%, Si:0.5%, Mn:2%, Cr:1.0%, Ni:3.0, Mo:0.5%, B:0.24%, V:0.35%, Ti:0.08%, rare earth: 1.2%, P:0.02%, S:0.014%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
Preferably, the composition of the pour steel of step 2 melting is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.49%, Si:1.5%, Mn:0.5%, Cr:3.0%, Ni:1.0, Mo:2%, B:0.32%, V:0.28%, Ti:0.13%, rare earth: 0.8%, P:0.012%, S:0.02%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
3. beneficial effect
Adopt technical scheme provided by the invention, compare with existing known technology, there is following remarkable result:
(1) preparation method of a kind of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball of the present invention, by adding with Si in hollow abrading-ball, Mn, Cr, Ni is master's alloying element and a small amount of Mo, B, V, Ti, the elements such as rare earth, and control C%=1.2 * B%+(0.06～0.13), hollow abrading-ball is carried out to complex intensifying processing, improved tissue and the quenching degree of hollow abrading-ball, adopt improved running gate system and pouring technology, ferro-boron simultaneously, vanadium iron and ferrotianium play the effect of current-following inoculation in casting process, and especially the design of reative cell, has strengthened pregnant effect, by casting process and heat treatment process, give full play to Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, B, V, Ti, the effect of rare earth, the ferro-boron adding in casting process, vanadium iron and ferrotianium can effectively stop grain growth, material is organized tightr, thereby wearability and thump toughness have been increased, the present invention adopts the Technology for Heating Processing of multistage insulation, making hollow abrading-ball case hardness is 55～58HRC, tensile strength is 1300～1500MPa, and impact flexibility is greater than 20J/cm
2, reached the comprehensive mechanical property that hollow abrading-ball is good, improved service life,
(2) preparation method of a kind of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball of the present invention, aspirating hole by support member sidewall in its casting process vacuumizes the composite sand of foam plastics mould heart portion, vacuum degree control is 0.02～0.08MPa, the design of support member of the present invention, the core of foam plastics mould heart portion can steadily be fixed, effectively controlled core displacement in casting process, thereby make the deviation of hollow abrading-ball wall thickness of the present invention in ± 3%, solved the technical barrier that perplexs for many years large hollow grounding ball casting enterprise.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the generalized section of hollow core abrading-ball of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of supporting mechanism of bleeding in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of running gate system in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the metallographic structure figure of embodiment 1 hollow core abrading-ball.
Label in schematic diagram is as follows: 1, hollow abrading-ball body, 2, fabrication hole; 3, support member; 4, suction branch; 5, pouring ladle; 6, alloy adds mechanism; 71, front running channel; 72, rear running channel; 8, reative cell; 9, foam plastics mould; 10, sandbox.
The specific embodiment
For further understanding content of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment 1
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the preparation method of a kind of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball of the present embodiment, its concrete steps are:
The preparation of step 1, casting and molding
The outside diameter that the hollow abrading-ball finished product of the present embodiment requires is 1000mm, and wall thickness requires, for 150mm, to be provided with 5 fabrication holes 2 on hollow abrading-ball body 1, the aperture of fabrication hole 2 be 100mm(as shown in Figure 1).According to the dimensional requirement of hollow abrading-ball finished product, make foam plastics mould 9, and by these foam plastics mould 9 swabbing post-dryings, coating in the present embodiment is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: 6% furnace cloth bag dust-removing ash, 7% titanium dioxide, 5% are without calcium chromium slag, 18% white fused alumina, 23% lime stone, 17% methyl-silicone oil, 15% hydroxy silicon oil, 9% APES, adopt the coating of the present embodiment configuration, the fineness that can guarantee cast(ing) surface, has improved casting product quality.Foam plastics mould 9 after oven dry is put into sandbox 10, in order to change the setting rate of molten steel, meet the evaporative pattern requirement of the present embodiment, the bottom of foam plastics mould 9 is placed with the hemispherical chill identical with foam plastics mould 9 radians, and filled composite molding sand, after filling, on jarring machine, shake, make composite sand be full of surrounding and the heart portion of foam plastics mould 9, composite sand is full of after whole sandbox 10, at sandbox 10 top covered with plastic film, then to sandbox 10, access vacuum extractor pipelines and vacuumize, the interior vacuum keep of cheek 10 of the present invention all can at 0.04～0.06MPa, the interior vacuum keep of the present embodiment cheek 10 is at 0.05MPa.Composite sand in the present embodiment is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: 55% chromite sand, 15% quartz sand, 15% mound sand and 15% natural silica Sand, wherein: described chromite sand is≤104 μ m by particle diameter, 104～140 μ m, 140～180 μ m, 180～200 μ m, 200～400 μ m powders form, wherein particle diameter be≤104 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 4%, particle diameter be 104～140 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 27%, particle diameter be 140～180 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 35%, particle diameter be 180～200 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 29%, particle diameter be 200～400 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 5%.In the present embodiment, the composite sand of customized configuration has good gas permeability and cooling, the casting technique of evaporative pattern is had to important function smoothly, especially the reasonable disposition of its granularity, for the control place mat of vacuum basis, thereby be conducive to the control of casting process.
In the present embodiment, in the heart portion of foam plastics mould 9, be preset with the supporting mechanism of bleeding (as shown in Figure 2), this supporting mechanism of bleeding comprises support member 3 and suction branch 4, described support member 3 is annulus tubular structure, described suction branch 4 is connected mutually with the sidewall of support member 3, and be connected with the internal cavities of support member 3, on the sidewall of this support member 3, offer aspirating hole, suction branch 4 is connected with vacuum extractor through fabrication hole 2, and above-mentioned support member 3 is horizontally set in the composite sand of foam plastics mould 9 heart portions.In the present embodiment, the aperture of aspirating hole is 5mm, and pitch-row is 10cm, plays the effect of best fixedly core in the present embodiment for the supporting mechanism that guarantees to bleed, and the periphery of support member 3 should be 50～150mm apart from the distance of foam plastics mould 9 inwalls.
Step 2, fusion process
Adopt medium-frequency induction furnace to carry out fusion smelting, steel scrap, the pig iron are required to put into successively medium-frequency induction furnace according to fusing and melt, wherein steel scrap, the pig iron will be removed its surperficial oil stain and corrosion.In the present invention, the composition of pour steel is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.3～0.5%, Si:0.5～1.5%, Mn:0.5～2%, Cr:1.0～3.0%, Ni:1.0～3.0, Mo:0.5～2%, B:0.24～0.32%, V:0.28～0.35%, Ti:0.08～0.13%, rare earth: 0.8～1.2%, P :≤0.02%, S :≤0.02%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity, wherein: C%=1.2 * B%+(0.06～0.13).In the present embodiment, the composition of pour steel is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.42%, Si:0.9%, Mn:1.2%, Cr:2.1%, Ni:1.9, Mo:1.7%, B:0.28%, V:0.31%, Ti:0.11%, rare earth: 0.95%, P:0.01%, S:0.01%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.According to the composition of above-mentioned pour steel, calculate alloy addition, in the backward medium-frequency induction furnace of molten steel to be fused into, add alloy to carry out alloying, wherein: it is 0.5～1.0mm that ferro-boron, vanadium iron, ferro-titanium are crushed to granularity, and ferro-boron, vanadium iron, ferro-titanium add respectively its half of addition separately in alloying process, after deoxidation, molten steel is come out of the stove to pouring ladle 5, and the tapping temperature of molten steel is 1600～1650 ℃; In pouring ladle 5, carry out argon bottom-blowing stirring, argon blowing rate is 200～300NL/min, and argon blowing time is 3～5min.Partial Elements about pour steel in this present invention is described in detail as follows: 1) Cr can solution strengthening matrix, improve quenching degree, wearability and the corrosion resistance of steel, when improving hardness and intensity, do not reduce impact toughness, have higher tempering resistivity, chrome content is controlled at 1.0～3.0%; 2) effect of B in steel is mainly that addition is very few in order to improve the quenching degree of steel, and not obvious to the quenching degree effect of raising steel, addition is too much, easily forms boride, reduces the toughness of steel; In addition, B, V, Ti, rare earth are conducive to crystal grain thinning, improve matrix strength and impact flexibility, in component of the present invention, B content should be controlled at 0.24～0.32%, V content should be controlled at 0.28～0.35%, Ti content should be controlled at 0.08～0.13%, and content of rare earth should be controlled at 0.8～1.2%, and the rare earth in the present embodiment adopts yttrium-base heavy rare earth; 3) in the present invention, control C%=1.2 * B%+(0.06～0.13), could coordinate under suitable Technology for Heating Processing excavated material potentiality to greatest extent, obtain the material of good comprehensive mechanical property.
Step 3, casting process
The molten steel of step 2 melting is poured into a mould in step 1 casting sand type, pouring temperature is 1500～1550 ℃ and all can, pouring temperature in the present embodiment is 1530 ℃, molten steel in pouring ladle 5 is running channel 71 from rising head enters, meanwhile, by alloy add mechanism 6 to rising head place, add ferro-boron, vanadium iron, ferro-titanium separately addition residue half, ferro-boron, vanadium iron and ferro-titanium enter reative cell 8 with molten steel, running channel 72 after molten steel enters after reative cell 8, enter afterwards foam plastics mould 9 moulding by casting, be 80s the duration of pouring; Described front running channel 71, reative cell 8 and rear running channel 72 are all arranged at sandbox 10 inside, and front running channel 71 is communicated with rising head and reative cell 8, and rear running channel 72 is positioned at reative cell 8 belows (as shown in Figure 3).In the present embodiment, in casting process, with molten steel, add ferro-boron, vanadium iron, ferro-titanium, ferro-boron, vanadium iron and ferrotianium play the effect of current-following inoculation in casting process, stop by reative cell 8 mixes, the forming core effect of B, V, Ti is given full play to, thereby guaranteed hardness and the impact flexibility of hollow abrading-ball.Reative cell 8 in the present embodiment has increased the flowing velocity of molten steel, has avoided foundry goods to form burning into sand, shrinkage cavity, problem that toughness is little.
The present embodiment is in the process of moulding by casting, vacuum extractor is connected with suction branch 4, aspirating hole by support member 3 sidewalls vacuumizes the composite sand of foam plastics mould 9 heart portions, its vacuum degree control is 0.05MPa, and vacuum herein need be controlled consistent with the interior vacuum of step 1 cheek 10; After cast finishes, treat that hollow abrading-ball foundry goods is cooled to below 200 ℃, can open sandbox 10 and hollow abrading-ball foundry goods is cleared up.In the present embodiment, designed to innovation the support member 3 of annulus tubular structure, composite sand by 3 pairs of foam plastics mould 9 heart portions of support member vacuumizes, make the core of foam plastics mould 9 inside be adsorbed in one, and core is by firm fixing, thereby fundamentally solved the problem of core displacement.In prior art for the reliable fixedly position of core, general is all to go to consider from connecting the arbor intensity of core, some technical staff selects high-intensity steel pipe as arbor, but all fail reliably fixedly core, reason is that the floating force of core has several weights, can not only by extraneous arbor, suppress, separately because foam plastics mould 9 is when watering temperature, during pyrolytic, produce a large amount of gas, cause the vacuum of foam plastics mould 9 heart portions greatly to reduce, by the supporting mechanism of bleeding of the present invention, can timely and effectively foam be decomposed to the gas producing takes away, thereby assurance vacuum, guarantee that core has enough intensity, do not deform and rising phenomenon.The applicant innovates to such an extent that from the inside of core, set about, and has solved dexterously puzzlement technical staff technical barrier for many years.
Step 4, heat treatment
Hollow abrading-ball after step 3 cleaning is heat-treated, and its process is as follows:
(1), hollow abrading-ball is contained in chamber type electric resistance furnace, with the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, controls and be warming up to 160 ℃, be incubated 2 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 290 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 460 ℃ again, be incubated 4 hours; With the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 620 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 790 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 870 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 1030 ℃ again, be incubated the air cooling of coming out of the stove after 6 hours;
(2), after step (1) is processed, be cooled to room temperature, then pack hollow abrading-ball into chamber type electric resistance furnace and carry out double tempering, drawing process is as follows for the first time: with the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 120 ℃, be incubated 2 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 230 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 350 ℃ again, be incubated 4 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 892 ℃ again, be incubated the air cooling of coming out of the stove after 7 hours; Drawing process is as follows for the second time: with the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 140 ℃, be incubated 2 hours; With the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 280 ℃ again, be incubated the air cooling of coming out of the stove after 6 hours, the reduction of having leisure ball.The present embodiment is for shape and structure and the material thereof of hollow abrading-ball, the Technology for Heating Processing of multistage insulation has been proposed to innovation, make the variations in temperature homogeneous of whole hollow abrading-ball in heat treatment process, thereby greatly improved the comprehensive mechanical property of hollow abrading-ball, the hollow abrading-ball case hardness that the present embodiment makes is 57HRC, tensile strength is 1450MPa, and impact flexibility is 24J/cm
2, its metallographic structure as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of a kind of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball of the present embodiment, its basic step is with embodiment 1, difference is: the composition of the pour steel of step 2 melting is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.35%, Si:0.5%, Mn:2%, Cr:1.0%, Ni:3.0, Mo:0.5%, B:0.24%, V:0.35%, Ti:0.08%, rare earth: 1.2%, P:0.02%, S:0.014%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.The hollow abrading-ball case hardness that the present embodiment makes is 58HRC, and tensile strength is 1380MPa, and impact flexibility is 22J/cm
2.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of a kind of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball of the present embodiment, its basic step is with embodiment 1, difference is: the composition of the pour steel of step 2 melting is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.49%, Si:1.5%, Mn:0.5%, Cr:3.0%, Ni:1.0, Mo:2%, B:0.32%, V:0.28%, Ti:0.13%, rare earth: 0.8%, P:0.012%, S:0.02%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.The hollow abrading-ball case hardness that the present embodiment makes is 56HRC, and tensile strength is 1460MPa, and impact flexibility is 23J/cm
2.
The preparation method of a kind of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball of embodiment 1～3, its hollow abrading-ball adopts specific composition combined innovation ground lost foam method manufacturing process, coordinate running gate system of the present invention, hollow abrading-ball toughness deficiency and the skew of traditional sand casting core have been solved, the problem that ball wall is inhomogeneous, be equipped with suitable Technology for Heating Processing, met the instructions for use of EM type medium speed mill to large hollow abrading-ball.Reach 2～2.5 years service life, than common large-scale abrading-ball service life of 1 year in prior art, there is outstanding marked improvement.
Claims (4)
1. a preparation method for large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball, is characterized in that, the steps include:
The preparation of step 1, casting and molding
According to the dimensional requirement of hollow abrading-ball finished product, make foam plastics mould (9), and by this foam plastics mould (9) swabbing post-drying, foam plastics mould after oven dry (9) is put into sandbox (10), the bottom of this foam plastics mould (9) is placed with the hemispherical chill identical with foam plastics mould (9) radian, and filled composite molding sand, after filling, on jarring machine, shake, make composite sand be full of surrounding and the heart portion of foam plastics mould (9), composite sand is full of after whole sandbox (10), at sandbox (10) top covered with plastic film, then to sandbox (10), access vacuum extractor pipeline and vacuumize, the interior vacuum keep of sandbox (10) is at 0.04～0.06MPa, described composite sand is grouped into by the one-tenth of following mass percent: 55% chromite sand, 15% quartz sand, 15% mound sand and 15% natural silica Sand, wherein: described chromite sand is≤104 μ m by particle diameter, 104～140 μ m, 140～180 μ m, 180～200 μ m, 200～400 μ m powders form, wherein particle diameter be≤104 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 4%, particle diameter be 104～140 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 27%, particle diameter be 140～180 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 35%, particle diameter be 180～200 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 29%, particle diameter be 200～400 μ m powder chromite sand gross mass 5%,
In the heart portion of described foam plastics mould (9), be preset with the supporting mechanism of bleeding, this supporting mechanism of bleeding comprises support member (3) and suction branch (4), described support member (3) is annulus tubular structure, described suction branch (4) is connected mutually with the sidewall of support member (3), and be connected with the internal cavities of support member (3), on the sidewall of this support member (3), offer aspirating hole, suction branch (4) is connected with vacuum extractor through fabrication hole (2), and above-mentioned support member (3) is horizontally set in the composite sand of foam plastics mould (9) heart portion;
Step 2, fusion process
Adopt medium-frequency induction furnace to carry out fusion smelting, by steel scrap, the pig iron requires to put into successively medium-frequency induction furnace according to fusing and melts, and the composition of pour steel is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.3～0.5%, Si:0.5～1.5%, Mn:0.5～2%, Cr:1.0～3.0%, Ni:1.0～3.0, Mo:0.5～2%, B:0.24～0.32%, V:0.28～0.35%, Ti:0.08～0.13%, rare earth: 0.8～1.2%, P :≤0.02%, S :≤0.02%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity, wherein: and C%=1.2 * B%+ (0.06～0.13), calculates alloy addition according to the composition of above-mentioned pour steel, in the backward medium-frequency induction furnace of molten steel to be fused into, add alloy to carry out alloying, wherein: ferro-boron, vanadium iron, it is 0.5～1.0mm that ferro-titanium is crushed to granularity, and ferro-boron, vanadium iron, ferro-titanium adds respectively its half of addition separately in alloying process, and after deoxidation, molten steel is come out of the stove to pouring ladle (5), and the tapping temperature of molten steel is 1600～1650 ℃, pouring ladle carries out argon bottom-blowing stirring in (5), and argon blowing rate is 200～300NL/min, and argon blowing time is 3～5min,
Step 3, casting process
The molten steel of step 2 melting is poured into a mould in step 1 casting sand type, pouring temperature is 1500～1550 ℃, molten steel running channel (71) from rising head enters in pouring ladle (5), meanwhile, by alloy add mechanism (6) to rising head place, add ferro-boron, vanadium iron, ferro-titanium separately addition residue half, ferro-boron, vanadium iron and ferro-titanium enter reative cell (8) with molten steel, molten steel enters rear running channel (72) after reative cell (8), enter afterwards foam plastics mould (9) moulding by casting, be 60～90s the duration of pouring; Described front running channel (71), reative cell (8) and rear running channel (72) are all arranged at sandbox (10) inside, and front running channel (71) is communicated with rising head and reative cell (8), and rear running channel (72) is positioned at reative cell (8) below;
In the process of moulding by casting, vacuum extractor is connected with suction branch (4), and the aspirating hole by support member (3) sidewall vacuumizes the composite sand of foam plastics mould (9) heart portion, and its vacuum degree control is 0.04～0.06MPa; After cast finishes, treat that hollow abrading-ball foundry goods is cooled to below 200 ℃, can open sandbox (10) and hollow abrading-ball foundry goods is cleared up;
Step 4, heat treatment
Hollow abrading-ball after step 3 cleaning is heat-treated, and its process is as follows:
(1), hollow abrading-ball is contained in chamber type electric resistance furnace, with the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, controls and be warming up to 160 ℃, be incubated 2 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 290 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 460 ℃ again, be incubated 4 hours; With the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 620 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 790 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 870 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 1020～1050 ℃ again, be incubated the air cooling of coming out of the stove after 6 hours;
(2), after step (1) is processed, be cooled to room temperature, then pack hollow abrading-ball into chamber type electric resistance furnace and carry out double tempering, drawing process is as follows for the first time: with the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 120 ℃, be incubated 2 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 230 ℃ again, be incubated 3 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 350 ℃ again, be incubated 4 hours; With the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 800～950 ℃ again, be incubated the air cooling of coming out of the stove after 7 hours; Drawing process is as follows for the second time: with the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 140 ℃, be incubated 2 hours; With the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, control and be warming up to 280 ℃ again, be incubated the air cooling of coming out of the stove after 6 hours, the reduction of having leisure ball.
2. the preparation method of a kind of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the composition of the pour steel of step 2 melting is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.42%, Si:0.9%, Mn:1.2%, Cr:2.1%, Ni:1.9, Mo:1.7%, B:0.28%, V:0.31%, Ti:0.11%, rare earth: 0.95%, P:0.01%, S:0.01%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
3. the preparation method of a kind of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the composition of the pour steel of step 2 melting is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.35%, Si:0.5%, Mn:2%, Cr:1.0%, Ni:3.0, Mo:0.5%, B:0.24%, V:0.35%, Ti:0.08%, rare earth: 1.2%, P:0.02%, S:0.014%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
4. the preparation method of a kind of large-scale abrasion-resistant hollow abrading-ball according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the composition of the pour steel of step 2 melting is comprised of following component and mass percent thereof: C:0.49%, Si:1.5%, Mn:0.5%, Cr:3.0%, Ni:1.0, Mo:2%, B:0.32%, V:0.28%, Ti:0.13%, rare earth: 0.8%, P:0.012%, S:0.02%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
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