CN105810535B - A kind of klystron sinters heater structure - Google Patents
A kind of klystron sinters heater structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN105810535B CN105810535B CN201610227722.XA CN201610227722A CN105810535B CN 105810535 B CN105810535 B CN 105810535B CN 201610227722 A CN201610227722 A CN 201610227722A CN 105810535 B CN105810535 B CN 105810535B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
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Abstract
Heater structure is sintered the invention discloses a kind of klystron, including heater, sleeve and insulating barrier, heater and insulating barrier are arranged on sleeve inner, heater, which is surround, forms some circle incense coil type spherical structures, sleeve includes sleeve top surface, sleeve bottom surface and sleeve lateral wall, sleeve top surface and sleeve bottom surface are also spherical structure, and the distance between each circle upper end of heater and sleeve top surface h are equal；Heater (or filament) is designed to incense coil type spherical structure, and incense coil type sphere heater upper end and sphere A are tangent；Sphere A, sleeve top surface, sleeve bottom surface, the sphere of negative electrode bottom surface and emission of cathode face sphere are concentric spherical, it ensure that heater in warm, whole emission of cathode face can be heated evenly within a very short time, the emission of cathode face of effectively overcoming center and the temperature difference at edge, it ensure that whole cathode plane is uniform " activation ", so as to reduce the heating power of heater, the service life of negative electrode is extended.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-power klystron technical field, heater structure is sintered in particular to a kind of klystron.
Background technology
Heater used in early stage barium-tungsten dispense cathode klystron is usually " naked silk ", i.e., heater is directly installed in portion without processing
In part, as shown in figure 11, the shape of this heater is generally incense coil type planar structure, and whole heater distribution is in one plane.
Cathode center temperature drift in warm, lip temperature is relatively low, to reach that equalized temperature takes long enough.Even if leading to sometimes
The balance of some time is crossed, the temperature at emission of cathode face edge is still more relatively low than the temperature at center 50~70 DEG C, even more greatly.
The emission current of hot cathode and the temperature in emission of cathode face are closely related, and emission of cathode face temperature is high,
Emission current is just big, conversely, emission of cathode face temperature is low, emission current is just small.In the fabrication process, hot cathode,
Generally require and handled by " decomposition " (or predecomposition) and " activation " technique.And the activation of negative electrode has a maximum temperature
Limitation, will " cross activate " more than this temperature cathode.So-called negative electrode " cross and activate " refers to exceed cathode activation temperature upper limit
After value, the electron emissivity of negative electrode will not rise, and decline on the contrary, and " cross and activate " once occurs in negative electrode, even if reduction the moon
Temperature its emissivities in pole are also irrecoverable.If the temperature difference at cathode-side edge and center is excessive, it is possible to two kinds of situations occur.
One kind is that cathode center is activated, and edge activation is not enough, and also a kind of situation is that edge is activated, and center will be " too drastic
It is living ".As can be seen here, the uniformity of emission of cathode face temperature is vital.
And thermal loss of " naked silk " state when making the heater work is very big, needs to improve heater heating in the course of the work
Power could meet the temperature required by emission of cathode.With the raising of cathode technique, the Heater-Cathode assembly of sintering is occurred in that,
As shown in figure 12, the heater and negative electrode of this structure are sintered together, and reduce the thermal loss of a part.The negative electrode heat of sintering
Heater typically uses double-spiral structure in sub-component, and the heater of this structure is distributed in the marginal portion of negative electrode, in heater preheating
During cathode edge temperature it is high, central temperature is low, to reach that equalized temperature is also required to preheating for a long time.And this structure
Cathode edge it is very thick, in real work, bigger than normal to the heat radiation of side by negative electrode, the heating power of heater is accomplished by carrying
It is high.
Said structure is while alumina powder sintering process, in addition it is also necessary to which negative electrode and cathode support cylinder are welded, and
And " the leaching salt " of negative electrode is completed, " leaching salt " temperature, welding temperature and alumina powder sintering temperature will influence each other, therefore this
Complex process is, it is necessary to special equipment, has certain difficulty, yield rate is not high to structure in the fabrication process, and manufacturing cost is but very
It is high.
The content of the invention
Heater structure is sintered it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of klystron, to solve traditional klystron heater assembly
Structure heat shielding is poor, and the problems such as modular construction installation complexity.
In order to achieve this, the klystron sintering heater structure of the present invention, including heater, sleeve and insulating barrier, the heat
Sub and described insulating barrier is arranged on the sleeve inner, and the heater surround and forms incense coil type spherical structure；The sleeve includes
Sleeve top surface, sleeve bottom surface and sleeve lateral wall, the sleeve top surface, sleeve bottom surface are also spherical structure, each circle of the heater
The distance between upper end and sleeve top surface h is equal.
Further, each circle upper end of the heater and sphere A are tangent, between the sphere A and the sleeve top surface
It is equal apart from h, and be 0.5~1mm.
Further, the sleeve top surface and the curved surface of sleeve bottom surface, are concentric spherical with sphere A.
Further, the heater also includes the first lead and the second lead, and first lead and the second lead stretch out
Insulating barrier, and bearing of trend deviates from the sleeve top surface, it is parallel with the sleeve lateral wall.
Further, the insulating barrier is formed for alumina powder is sintered, and be filled between each circle of the heater and
Between heater and sleeve top surface, sleeve lateral wall.
Further, the sleeve connection cathodic body, and the cathodic body includes emission of cathode face and negative electrode bottom surface,
And the emission of cathode face and the negative electrode bottom surface are sphere, the negative electrode bottom surface fits with the sleeve bottom surface.
Further, the curved surface of the emission of cathode face and negative electrode bottom surface, is concentric spherical with the sphere A.
Further, the cathodic body also includes embedded tantalum wire in annular groove, the annular groove, and the tantalum wire is connected to
Cathode support cylinder, gap is left between the side wall of the cathode support cylinder and the sleeve lateral wall of the sleeve.
Further, sectional view of the annular groove along the axial direction of cathodic body is rectangular shape, and along negative electrode sheet
The axial direction of body is the broadside a of annular groove, along the narrow side b, and a that the radial direction of cathodic body is annular groove：B=1.5~
2：1.
Further, the tantalum wire is using in the method insertion annular groove of machinery, and tantalum wire is connected to using the method for spot welding
Cathode support cylinder.
To realize the purpose of the present invention, the tangent sphere A in incense coil type sphere heater (or filament) upper end, sleeve top surface,
Sleeve bottom surface (close to negative electrode bottom surface), negative electrode bottom surface and emission of cathode face are concentric spherical；Its spherical radius be respectively R4,
R3, R2, R2, R1, and the distance between each circle upper end and the sleeve top surface of incense coil type sphere heater h=R4-R3.
The quantity of annular groove and specific size are determined by the size and weight of cathodic body, typically when cathode diameter is less than
During 50mm, using single groove.
The present invention klystron sintering heater structure operation principle be：The first lead, the second lead connection electricity of heater
Source is powered, and heater is heated, and transfers heat to sleeve top surface, sleeve top surface transfers heat to sleeve bottom surface, sleeve bottom
Face transfers heat to negative electrode bottom surface, and negative electrode bottom surface transfers heat to emission of cathode face again, and emission of cathode face is heated " to be swashed
It is living ", discharge electronics.
The klystron sintering heater structure that the present invention is designed, compared with prior art, has the following advantages that：
(1) heater is designed to incense coil type spherical structure, and incense coil type sphere heater respectively encloses the curved surface and negative electrode hair at place
Face is penetrated for concentric spherical, it is ensured that in heater warm, whole emission of cathode face can be heated evenly within a very short time,
The emission of cathode face of effectively overcoming center and the temperature difference at edge, it is ensured that whole cathode plane is uniform " activation ", so as to reduce
The heating power of heater, extends the service life of negative electrode.
(2) heater, sleeve and alumina powder insulating barrier sinter to be formed sintering heater structure, then with " leaching salt " processing after the moon
Pole is assembled, and manufacturing process is to be separated and independently performed, and technological operation is simple, cost is reduced, while avoiding sintering temperature
" leaching salt " temperature it is inconsistent it is brought to sintering heater structural damage.
(3) in sintering heater structure and negative electrode assembling process, between being left between sleeve lateral wall and cathode support cylinder side wall
Gap, makes negative electrode reduce to the heat radiation of side, so as to reduce the heating power of heater, it is ensured that klystron sinters heater structure
Heat shielding.
(4) in sintering heater structure and negative electrode assembling process, due to cathodic body and the cylinder of cathode support cylinder connection
On face, the annular groove in square-section is provided with.Embedded tantalum wire in the annular groove of square-section, the annular groove in the full whole square-section of tantalum wire filling
In, mechanically fix, connected between tantalum wire and cathode support cylinder by the way of spot welding.Because tantalum wire is axially by rectangle
Cross sectional annular groove it is narrow while limitation, radially again by cathode support cylinder and the annular groove width in square-section while limited, tantalum wire axial direction
It is immovable with radial direction, so as to complete the firm connection between cathodic body and cathode support cylinder.So effectively overcome
The inconsistent institute's band of temperature between cathodic body and cathode support cylinder welding temperature, leaching salt temperature and heater alumina powder sintering temperature
The technical difficulty come, so as to improve yield rate, reduces cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the profile of the heater structure sintered；
Fig. 2 is the II of local flag in Fig. 1 enlarged drawing；
Fig. 3 is the profile after the heater sintered is connected with cathodic body；
Fig. 4 is the profile of annular groove；
Fig. 5 is the profile after annular groove is connected with tantalum wire；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of heater and sleeve connection；
Fig. 7 is the structural representation that heater is separated with sleeve；
Fig. 8 is the front view of heater；
Fig. 9 is the side view of heater；
Figure 10 is the top view of heater；
Figure 11 and Figure 12 is the profile of klystron sintering heater assembly in background technology；
Wherein, 1-heater：1.1-the first lead, the 1.2-the second lead；
2-sleeve：2.1-sleeve top surface, 2.2-sleeve lateral wall, 2.3-sleeve bottom surface；
3-insulating barrier；
4-cathodic body：4.1-emission of cathode face, 4.2-negative electrode bottom surface, 4.3-annular groove；
5-cathode support cylinder：5.1-cathode support cylinder side wall；
6-gap；
7-tantalum wire；
8-incense coil type planar structure heater；
9-double-spiral structure heater.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail：
As shown in figure 1, klystron sintering heater structure of the present invention, including heater 1, sleeve 2 and insulating barrier 3, and it is described
Heater 1 and the insulating barrier 3 are arranged on inside the sleeve 2, wherein, heater 1 is around incense coil type spherical structure is formed, with reference to figure
2 understand that heater (or filament) upper end of incense coil type spherical structure and sphere A are tangent, and sphere A introducing can be begged for more easily
By the incense coil type spherical structure of heater；This structure is different from the incense coil type planar structure or double-stranded in conventional art
Heater, its purpose are primarily to ensure that negative electrode is heated evenly；Sleeve 2 includes sleeve top surface 2.1, sleeve bottom surface 2.3 and sleeve
Side wall 2.2, sleeve top surface 2.1, sleeve bottom surface 2.3 are also spherical structure, corresponding with incense coil type spherical structure heater, and heat
The distance between each circle and the sleeve top surface 2.1 of son 1 h is equal, and the tangent sphere A in upper end and the sleeve top surface are respectively enclosed with heater
The distance between 2.1 be also h (h is preferably 0.5mm), and h can also be between 0.5~1mm；Be designed to apart from equal, be in order to
Ensure that, when being heated to heater, sleeve top surface 2.1 is heated evenly；Understood further in conjunction with Fig. 2, the sleeve top surface 2.1 and sleeve
The curved surface of bottom surface 2.3, is concentric spherical with sphere A.
Understood with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, heater 1 also includes the first lead 1.1 and the second lead 1.2 for being used to be connected with power supply,
Wherein, the first lead 1.1, the second lead 1.2 stretch out insulating barrier 3 (insulating barrier is preferably that alumina powder sintering is formed), and extension
Direction deviates from the sleeve top surface 2.1, parallel with the sleeve lateral wall 2.2, and the alumina powder insulating barrier sintered is filled in institute
State between each circle of heater 1 and between heater and sleeve top surface 2.1, sleeve lateral wall 2.2, so that heater short circuit is avoided, while
Heat shielding can be played a part of.
As shown in figure 3, sleeve 2 is connected with cathodic body 4, cathodic body 4 includes emission of cathode face 4.1 and negative electrode bottom surface
4.2, in order to preferably discharge electronics, negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 and emission of cathode face 4.1 are sphere, while in order to ensure that negative electrode is sent out
Penetrate face 4.1 to be heated evenly, the curved surface of emission of cathode face 4.1 and negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 is concentric spherical, in the present embodiment, incense coil
(sleeve bottom surface 2.3 is close to cloudy for the tangent sphere A in type sphere heater (or filament) upper end, sleeve top surface 2.1, sleeve bottom surface 2.3
Pole bottom surface 4.2, negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 and sleeve bottom surface 2.3 fit), negative electrode bottom surface 4.2, emission of cathode face 4.1, be concentric
Sphere.
Understood with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the spherical radius R2 of negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 is equal to emission of cathode
The spherical radius R1 in face 4.1 and the thickness sum of cathodic body 4, and the thickness of cathodic body is to be needed and set according to design
's；And the tangent sphere A in incense coil type sphere heater (or filament) upper end spherical radius R4 is equal to the sphere of sleeve top surface 2.1
Radius R3 and h's and, in addition, negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 and emission of cathode face 4.1 can also be designed to other spherical forms；Again
Understood with reference to Fig. 3, leave gap 6 between sleeve lateral wall 2.2 and cathode support cylinder side wall 5.1, it is ensured that the heater structure of sintering
Heat shielding.
Further in conjunction with Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, annular groove 4.3 is also provided with cathodic body 4, and annular groove 4.3 is along the moon
The rectangular cross-section shape of the axial direction of pole body 4, along the broadside a that the axial direction of cathodic body 4 is annular groove 4.3, edge
The radial direction of cathodic body 4 is the narrow side b of annular groove 4.3, and a：B=1.5~2：1；Understood with reference to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, annular groove
In embedded tantalum wire 7 in 4.3, the full whole annular groove of the filling of tantalum wire 7, and be mechanically fixed in annular groove, the tantalum wire 7 with
Connected between cathode support cylinder 5 by the way of spot welding, so as to ensure that cathodic body 4 is connected with cathode support cylinder 5；Due to tantalum wire
7 are axially limited by the annular narrow side of groove 4.3 in square-section, radially again by the annular groove 4.3 of cathode support cylinder 5 and square-section
The limitation of broadside, tantalum wire 7 is axially and radially immovable, so as to complete firm between cathodic body 4 and cathode support cylinder 5
Connection.
As shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, the heater 1 of the incense coil type spherical structure in the present embodiment is arranged in sleeve 2, with sleeve top
Face 2.1 is corresponding, and also decision design is into spherical structure for sleeve top surface 2.1, and sleeve top surface 2.1 and the negative electrode bottom surface 4.2
For concentric spherical, in the present embodiment, the spherical radius of negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 is equal with the spherical radius of sleeve bottom surface 2.3, is
R2, the spherical radius R3 of sleeve top surface 2.1 is equal to the spherical radius R2 and the thickness sum of sleeve 2 of sleeve bottom surface 2.3, sleeve 2
Thickness is also to be set according to specific requirement, in addition, sleeve top surface 2.1 and sleeve bottom surface 2.3 can also be designed to that others are spherical
Shape；The purpose so designed is heated evenly also for guarantee emission of cathode face 4.1.
Understood with reference to Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10, the heater 1 in the present embodiment, which is surround, forms some circle incense coil type spherical structures,
Around the heater for forming incense coil type spherical structure, the center of circle often enclosed is on same straight line, but the radius often enclosed is different, also,
Different circle remotes are different from the sphere centre of cathodic body 4, and the heater 1 also includes the first lead 1.1 for being used to be connected with power supply
With the second lead 1.2, switch on power when by the first lead 1.1 and the second lead 1.2, after being powered, heater heating, and by heat
Amount passes to sleeve 2.
Further in conjunction with Fig. 1 understand, the heater 1 and the insulating barrier 3 are arranged in the sleeve 2, the heater 1 it is each
Alumina powder insulating barrier is filled between circle, and between each circle and sleeve top surface 2.1 and sleeve lateral wall 2.2, so as to ensure heater
It is not short-circuit, in atmosphere of hydrogen, high temperature sintering is carried out to heater 1, sleeve 2 and alumina powder insulating barrier 3, the heat of sintering is formd
Minor structure.
Understood further in conjunction with Fig. 2, cathodic body is carried out after " leaching salt " processing, luggage is entered with the heater structure of above-mentioned sintering
Match somebody with somebody, be formed the heater assembly of klystron sintering, in order to ensure the heat shielding of the heater assembly sintered, in the process of assembling
In, leave gap 6 between sleeve lateral wall 2.2 and cathode support cylinder side wall 5.1.
The operation principle of klystron that the present invention is designed sintering heater structure is：The first lead, the second lead of heater connect
Energization source, is powered, and heater is heated, and transfers heat to sleeve top surface, sleeve top surface transfers heat to sleeve bottom surface again,
Sleeve bottom surface transfers heat to negative electrode bottom surface again, and negative electrode bottom surface transfers heat to emission of cathode face again, in order to ensure heater
Heat shielding, between each circle of heater, alumina powder insulating barrier is filled between heater and sleeve top surface, sleeve lateral wall, most
Eventually, emission of cathode face is heated inspires electronics, and in order to ensure that emission of cathode surface launching electronics note is uniform, emission of cathode face should be heated
Uniformly, heater is designed to incense coil type spherical structure by the present invention, the problem of heat radiation is larger in conventional art is compensate for, while hot
Son, sleeve and alumina powder insulating barrier sinter sintering heater structure into, then are assembled with the negative electrode after " leaching salt " processing, technique
It is simple to operate, it also avoid the inconsistent brought to heater structural damage of sintering etc. of sintering temperature and " leaching salt " temperature
Technical problem.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of klystron sinters heater structure, including heater (1), sleeve (2) and insulating barrier (3), the heater (1) and described
It is internal that insulating barrier (3) is arranged on the sleeve (2), it is characterised in that：The heater (1) surround and forms incense coil type spherical structure；
The sleeve (2) include sleeve top surface (2.1), sleeve bottom surface (2.3) and sleeve lateral wall (2.2), the sleeve top surface (2.1),
Sleeve bottom surface (2.3) is also spherical structure, the distance between each circle upper end of the heater (1) and the sleeve top surface (2.1) h
Equal, the sleeve (2) is connected to cathodic body (4), and the cathodic body (4) includes emission of cathode face (4.1) and cathode bottom
Face (4.2), and the emission of cathode face (4.1) and the negative electrode bottom surface (4.2) are sphere, the negative electrode bottom surface (4.2) with
The sleeve bottom surface (2.3) fits；
The cathodic body (4) also includes embedded tantalum wire (7), the tantalum wire (7) in annular groove (4.3), the annular groove (4.3)
It is connected to cathode support cylinder (5), the sleeve lateral wall (2.2) of the side wall (5.1) and the sleeve (2) of the cathode support cylinder (5)
Between leave gap (6).
2. klystron according to claim 1 sinters heater structure, it is characterised in that：Each circle upper end of the heater (1)
Tangent with sphere A, the distance between the sphere A and described sleeve top surface (2.1) h are equal, and are 0.5~1mm.
3. klystron according to claim 2 sinters heater structure, it is characterised in that：The sleeve top surface (2.1) and set
The curved surface of cylinder bottom surface (2.3), is concentric spherical with sphere A.
4. klystron according to claim 1 sinters heater structure, it is characterised in that：The heater (1) also includes first
Lead (1.1) and the second lead (1.2), first lead (1.1) and the second lead (1.2) stretch out insulating barrier (3), and extension
Direction deviates from the sleeve top surface (2.1), parallel with the sleeve lateral wall (2.2).
5. klystron according to claim 1 sinters heater structure, it is characterised in that：The insulating barrier (3) is aluminum oxide
Powder is sintered to be formed, and is filled between each circle of the heater (1) and heater (1) and sleeve top surface (2.1), sleeve lateral wall
(2.2) between.
6. klystron according to claim 2 sinters heater structure, it is characterised in that：The emission of cathode face (4.1) and
The curved surface of negative electrode bottom surface (4.2), is concentric spherical with the sphere A.
7. klystron according to claim 1 sinters heater structure, it is characterised in that：The annular groove (4.3) is along negative electrode
The rectangular cross-section shape of the axial direction of body (4), and along cathodic body (4) axial direction be annular groove (4.3) width
Side a, along the narrow side b, and a that the radial direction of cathodic body (4) is annular groove (4.3)：B=1.5~2：1.
8. klystron according to claim 7 sinters heater structure, it is characterised in that：The tantalum wire (7) is using machinery
In method insertion annular groove (4.3), tantalum wire (7) is connected to cathode support cylinder using the method for spot welding.
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| CN107275169B (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2023-04-11 | 湖北汉光科技股份有限公司 | Cathode heater assembly for high-power klystron electron gun and welding method |
| CN107768210B (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-04-26 | 湖北汉光科技股份有限公司 | Large power long service life cathode heater sub-assembly preparation method |
| CN114078674A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-22 | 武汉联影医疗科技有限公司 | Electron emission element and X-ray tube |
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| GB2296371B (en) * | 1994-12-19 | 1998-05-13 | Eev Ltd | Cathode arrangements |
| CN102024650A (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-04-20 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Heater structure of magnetron injection gun |
| CN201918348U (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-08-03 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | High-precision positioning rod control cathode structure |
| CN202957219U (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-05-29 | 成都创元电子有限公司 | Electron gun for accelerators |
| CN203434117U (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2014-02-12 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | Cathode heater assembly |
| CN203746786U (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-07-30 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | Pulse travelling wave tube cathode structure |
| CN205645746U (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-10-12 | 湖北汉光科技股份有限公司 | Speed adjusting pipe sintering heater structure |
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