CN105808971A - Method for selecting tree-lined tree species of parking places of tree-lined parking lot - Google Patents

Method for selecting tree-lined tree species of parking places of tree-lined parking lot Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105808971A
CN105808971A CN201610338433.7A CN201610338433A CN105808971A CN 105808971 A CN105808971 A CN 105808971A CN 201610338433 A CN201610338433 A CN 201610338433A CN 105808971 A CN105808971 A CN 105808971A
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seeds
tree
winter
lined
shade
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魏胜林
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H6/00Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
    • E04H6/08Garages for many vehicles
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16ZINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G16Z99/00Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for selecting tree-lined tree species of parking places of a tree-lined parking lot. The method comprises the steps of respectively computing energy-saving effects of to-be-selected tree species of the tree-lined parking lot in summer and winter on the basis of the daily mean temperature in a car carriage under the sunlight of a sunny day in annual summer and winter and the daily mean temperature in the car carriage under the tree shade of the to-be-selected tree species,; carrying out the selection of the tree-lined tree species of the parking places of the tree-lined parking lot by using the difference value as the tree-lined energy-saving effect of the to-be-selected tree species in annual summer and winter. According to the method for selecting the tree-lined tree species of the parking places of the tree-lined parking lot, disclosed by the invention, a scientific basis is provided for the selection of the tree species of the parking places of the tree-lined parking lot in a town, and a feasible scheme is provided for the planning and the design of the tree-lined parking lot in green ecological city construction.

Description

The system of selection of one elite stand shade Parking position woods shade seeds
Technical field
The present invention relates to the greening method in a kind of parking lot, be specifically related to the system of selection of woods shade Parking position, a kind of cities and towns woods shade seeds.
Background technology
Lin Yin parking lot: refer to the parking lot type of green space suitably shaded by arbor tree crown.Defining Lin Yin parking lot woods shade rate in " urban landscaping evaluation criterion " GB/T50563 2010 of China is 30% standard, and using this standard addition Item as urban landscaping evaluation at different levels.Owing to Lin Yin parking lot type of green space is also a part for green land in town system, the woods shade usefulness height on its parking stall is not only relevant with the woods shade characteristic of seeds self, also relevant with the configuration mode of seeds.And the basic situation of current woods shade Parking position, the cities and towns seeds woods shade configuration of China shows themselves in that the seeds single (as mostly southern area of Jiangsu Province is Radix Cinnamomi porrecti seeds) of parking stall woods shade configuration.This mainly lacks the appraisal procedure to seeds woods shade usefulness and relevant rudimentary Journal of Sex Research thereof, it is impossible to the parking stall woods shade seeds taking into account seeds woods shade usefulness and landscape are selected in assessment scientifically and rationally.
Parking stall tree arrangement except with shade usefulness and outside the Pass landscape has, the selection of seeds is also got on the car with its parking stall and is being parked and fuel-efficient heat energy effect in use procedure is relevant.Because in annual summer and winter, on parking stall, the temperature in compartment is relevant with the shady dense and sparse degree of parking stall woods, and the woods shade density degree of different tree species is relevant with seeds itself.People need when parking and use automobile to decide whether to use the modes such as on-board air conditioner to regulate temperature in compartment according to the temperature height in compartment and human comfort, make in compartment, to reach human comfort's temperature guarantee driving safety, fuel consumption need carry out conversion between necessary heat energy in this adjustment process.
How the woods shade configuration of woods shade Parking position, cities and towns selects seeds could take into account landscape and fuel-efficient composite request preferably, has not yet to see achievement in research and the application of this respect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the measuring method problem of the Tree Species Selection of the shortage science that current cities and towns woods shade park construction exists and energy saving effect, woods shade parking area planning in building for greening-ecological city provides the technical scheme of a kind of parking stall Tree Species Selection with design, and is applied to the measuring and calculating of energy saving effect.
The technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is to provide the system of selection of elite stand shade Parking position woods shade seeds, comprises the steps:
1, the mean daily temperature DEG C in car: Ds1 and Dw1 under summer, winter fine day sunlight is measured respectively;
2, the mean daily temperature DEG C in car: Ds2 and Dw2 under summer, seeds woods shade to be selected in winter is measured respectively;
3, the difference of the mean daily temperature of car and the mean daily temperature in car under seeds woods shade to be selected in summer under Clear Days Summer sunlight is calculated: Δ ts=Ds1--Ds2 DEG C;
4, the mean daily temperature of car and the difference of the mean daily temperature of car under seeds woods shade to be selected in winter under fine day sunlight in winter are calculated: Δ tw=Dw1-Dw2 DEG C;
5, energy saving effect Es and the Ew in Lin Yin parking lot seeds to be selected summer and winter is calculated respectively:
Energy saving effect Es=V × ρ × Cp × Δ ts × the ds in Lin Yin parking lot seeds to be selected summers;
Energy saving effect Ew=V × ρ × Cp × Δ tw × the dw in Lin Yin parking lot seeds to be selected winters;
In formula: V is car volume m3, ρ is atmospheric density, ρ=1.29kg/m3, Cp is pressurization by compressed air specific heat capacity, Cp=0.24 kilocalorie/kg DEG C;Ds and dw corresponds to the summer in year or the average fine day natural law in winter respectively;
6, calculate the difference of Es-Ew, obtain the woods shade energy saving effect in the winter of aestivating in year of seeds to be selected;
7, by the calculated energy saving effect of step 6, the woods shade seeds of woods shade Parking position, cities and towns are selected.
2, the system of selection of woods shade Parking position, a kind of cities and towns according to claim 1 woods shade seeds, it is characterized in that: calculate the value of (Es-Ew) ÷ 8022 × 1000, the woods shade energy saving effect obtaining the winter of aestivating in year of seeds to be selected converts into the ml amount of the gasoline that octane number is 93, wherein, the big calorific power of calory burning that 8022 is converted gasoline, 1000 are scaled ml for volume unit L.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: provide the foundation of science for the selection of woods shade Parking position, cities and towns seeds, the planning for the Lin Yin parking lot in greening-ecological city construction provides feasible scheme with design.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment one:
One, the initial option of Lin Yin parking lot, area woods shade seeds
nullWith (the sweetgum (LiquidambarformosanaHance.) that southern area of Jiangsu Province green land in town Urban Greening is conventional、Piao Shu (CeltissinensisPers.)、Pterocarya Stenoptera (PterocaryastenopteraC.DC.)、Herba Albiziae (AlbiziajulibrissinDurazz.)、Southern magnolia (MagnoliaGrandifloraLinn.)、Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi (SapindusmukorossiGaertn.)、Elm (UlmuspumilaL.)、Semen Ginkgo (GinkgobilobaL.)、Flos micheliae Albae (MicheliaalbaDC.)、Chinaberry (MeliaazedarachL.)、Bischofia polycarpa (BischofiapolycarpaAiryShaw.)、Blue or green paulownia (Firmianaplatanifolia)、Luan Shu (KoelreuteriabipinnataFranch.)、14 arbor species of Cortex Sapii Radicis (Sapiumsebiferum (L.) Roxb.) are initial option seeds,With Radix Cinnamomi porrecti (CinnamomumcamphoraL.Presl.) for reference to seeds.
Two, the temperature profile that seeds woods is shady
(1) temperature profile that the seeds woods in summer is shady: test space temperature value, direct sunlight space (comparison) temperature value under the reference seeds in summer and the woods shade of initial option seeds, and calculate comparison space and testing tree elite stand shade space temperature difference.
Summer, seeds Pterocarya Stenoptera, Luan Shu, Piao Shu, blue or green paulownia, Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi, Cortex Sapii Radicis, elm, chinaberry, southern magnolia, Bischofia polycarpa, Semen Ginkgo, Herba Albiziae, sweetgum, Flos micheliae Albae, the Lin Yin space of Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, comparison (direct sunlight) space temperature test numerical value such as table 1.As seen from Table 1, what the seeds woods shade temperature gap in summer was maximum is that Radix Cinnamomi porrecti woods is shady, differ 5.8 DEG C with controlled temperature, and what seeds woods shade temperature gap was minimum is the shade of Semen Ginkgo woods, differs 2 DEG C with controlled temperature.Seeds woods shade temperature gap order from high to low is: Radix Cinnamomi porrecti (5.8 DEG C) > Pterocarya Stenoptera (5.1 DEG C) > green grass or young crops paulownia (5 DEG C) > southern magnolia (4.9 DEG C) > Piao Shu (4.8 DEG C) > Cortex Sapii Radicis (4.7 DEG C) > Herba Albiziae (4.3 DEG C) > elm (4.2 DEG C) > sweetgum (4.1 DEG C) > Luan Shu (3.8 DEG C) > Bischofia polycarpa (3.3 DEG C) > Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi (3 DEG C) > chinaberry (2.9 DEG C) > Flos micheliae Albae (2.5 DEG C) > Semen Ginkgo (2 DEG C).
The seeds woods shade temperature degree in table 1 summer and temperature difference
(2) temperature profile that the seeds woods in winter is shady: test space temperature value, direct sunlight space (comparison) temperature value under the reference seeds in winter and the woods shade of initial option seeds, and calculate comparison space and seeds woods shade space temperature difference.
Winter, seeds Pterocarya Stenoptera, Luan Shu, Piao Shu, blue or green paulownia, Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi, Cortex Sapii Radicis, elm, chinaberry, southern magnolia, Bischofia polycarpa, Semen Ginkgo, Herba Albiziae, sweetgum, Flos micheliae Albae, the Lin Yin space of Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, comparison (direct sunlight) space test number such as table 2 of temperature.As seen from Table 2, what winter, seeds woods shade temperature gap was maximum is also that Radix Cinnamomi porrecti woods is shady, differs 5 DEG C with controlled temperature, and what seeds woods shade temperature gap was minimum is that Piao Shulin is shady, differs 0.4 DEG C with controlled temperature.Seeds woods shade temperature gap order from high to low is: Radix Cinnamomi porrecti (5 DEG C) > southern magnolia (4 DEG C) > green grass or young crops paulownia (3 DEG C) > Pterocarya Stenoptera (2.6 DEG C) > Piao Shu (4.8 DEG C) > Cortex Sapii Radicis, elm, Semen Ginkgo, Herba Albiziae, Flos micheliae Albae (2 DEG C) > sweetgum (1.8 DEG C) > chinaberry (1.5 DEG C) > Luan Shu (0.8 DEG C) > Bischofia polycarpa (0.5 DEG C) > Piao Shu (0.4 DEG C).
The seeds woods shade temperature degree in table 2 winter and temperature difference
Three, the test of the compartment temperature of (comparison) and calculating under shady with reference to seeds woods and sunlight
With reference to the shady test with compartment temperature difference compare of seeds woods and calculating such as table 3.As seen from Table 3, the fine day in summer, (comparison) compartment under sunlight (test vehicle is 4.2m3 for the popular vehicle of white, compartment volume) interior maximum temperature is 59.7 DEG C, mean temperature is 55.55 DEG C, and with reference to maximum temperature in compartment under seeds (Radix Cinnamomi porrecti) Lin Yin be 42.3 DEG C, mean temperature be 39.69 DEG C;Maximum temperature differs 17.4 DEG C, and mean temperature differs 15.86 DEG C.The fine day in winter, under sunlight in (comparison) compartment maximum temperature be 22.1 DEG C, mean temperature be 21.39 DEG C, and with reference to maximum temperature in compartment under seeds (Radix Cinnamomi porrecti) Lin Yin be 15.5 DEG C, mean temperature be 14.33 DEG C;Maximum temperature differs 6.6 DEG C, and mean temperature differs 7.06 DEG C.
Under table 3 summer and winter sunlight (comparison) and with reference to seeds (Radix Cinnamomi porrecti) Lin Yin impact on compartment temperature
Four, the compartment temperature mathematic interpolation under the seeds woods shade in summer and winter
In the summer and winter in reference to the coaches of the tree species, camphor tree-lined and sunshine temperature difference value to compare the value of (control), according to the type Δ t = Tx present Tb x (Tc - Tcb) calculation for summer trees shade the carriages temperature difference is: camphor (15.86 ℃) >Chinese beech (13.95 ℃) >Qing (13.67 ℃) >Magnolia (13.40 ℃) >Hackberry (13.13 ℃) >Tallow (12.85 ℃) >Request (11.76 ℃) >Elm (11.48 ℃) >Liquidambar (11.21 ℃) >Goldenrain tree (10.39 ℃) >Chongyang wood (9.02 ℃) >Without suffering from a (8.20 ℃) >Neem tree (7.93 ℃) >Magnolia (6.84 ℃) >Ginkgo biloba (5.47 ℃).Seeds woods shade compartment temperature difference such as table 4 in summer.
Compartment temperature difference under the seeds woods shade in table 4 summer
The seeds woods shade compartment temperature difference in winter is: Radix Cinnamomi porrecti (7.06 DEG C) > southern magnolia (5.65 DEG C) > green grass or young crops paulownia (4.24 DEG C) > Pterocarya Stenoptera (3.67 DEG C) > Cortex Sapii Radicis (2.82 DEG C), Herba Albiziae (2.82 DEG C), elm (2.82 DEG C), Flos micheliae Albae (2.82 DEG C), Semen Ginkgo (2.82 DEG C) > sweetgum (2.54 DEG C) > chinaberry (2.12 DEG C) > Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi (1.41 DEG C) > Luan Shu (1.13 DEG C) > Bischofia polycarpa (0.71 DEG C) > Piao Shu (0.56 DEG C).Seeds woods shade compartment temperature difference such as table 5 in winter.
The seeds woods shade compartment temperature difference in table 5 winter
Five, year summer and winter fine day natural law measuring and calculating
The season distribution of the long-term sunshine time in southern area of Jiangsu Province is: spring (3~May): 454.9 hours, summer (6~August): 624.8 hours, autumn (9~l1 month): 486.7 hours, winter (12~February): 398.6 hours.The sunshine-duration of Clear Days Summer: 7:00~19:00, winter fine day sunshine-duration: 8:30~17:30.Summer, average fine day natural law was 52 days, and winter, average fine day natural law was 44 days, such as table 6.
The long-term sunshine time in table 6 southern area of Jiangsu Province and fine day natural law
Six, temperature heat effect and octane number are the conversion of the gasoline (No. 93 gasoline) of 93
According to heat formula Q(kilocalorie)=V × ρ × Cp × Δ t.V is car volume (m3), ρ (atmospheric density)=1.29kg/m3, Cp(pressurization by compressed air specific heat capacity)=0.24 kilocalorie/kg DEG C, Δ t be compartment temperature difference (DEG C) under seeds woods shade.Natural law at sunshine in summer (52) or natural law at sunshine in winter (44).With No. 93 gasoline for the energy-conservation conversion energy, the density of No. 93 gasoline is about 0.73g/ml, is about heat release 46000KJ, 1 kilocalorie=4.186KJ during every 1kg93 gasoline combustion, and the one liter of gasoline that burns is released heat and is: 0.73 × 46000=33580KJ=8022 kilocalorie.Shady or woods shade in winter the heat energy of the woods in summer of seeds is converted into 93 gasoline formula: by formula D2=V × ρ × Cp × Δ t ÷ 8022 × 1000 × d.Energy saving effect (No. 93 gasoline ml) formula aestivated in year winter that seeds woods is shady: by formula D3=Es-Ew.The Xia Dongjilin shade heat energy in the summer of seeds, winter and year and energy saving effect such as table 7.Find out from table 7 statistical data, the height of the energy saving effect of the heat energy in winter of aestivating in year that seeds woods is shady is followed successively by: Piao Shu (106.677ml) > Pterocarya Stenoptera (91.408ml) > Cortex Sapii Radicis (88.198ml) > green grass or young crops paulownia (84.983ml) > Radix Cinnamomi porrecti (83.329ml) > Luan Shu (79.517ml) > Herba Albiziae (79.011ml) > elm (76.651ml) > sweetgum (76.372ml) > southern magnolia (72.650ml) > Bischofia polycarpa (70.965ml) > Fructus Sapindi Mukouossi (59.061ml) > chinaberry (51.792ml) > Flos micheliae Albae (37.541ml) > Semen Ginkgo (25.993ml).
From the Energy Angle analysis of the heat energy of seeds, Parking position woods shade configuration selection Piao Shu, Pterocarya Stenoptera, Cortex Sapii Radicis, blue or green 4 seeds of paulownia, it is respectively increased successively than the energy saving effect of the heat energy with reference to seeds (Radix Cinnamomi porrecti): 28.02%, 9.70%, 5.84%, 1.98%, such as table 7.
The Xia Dongjilin shade heat energy in the summer of table 7 seeds, winter and year and energy saving effect
From table 7, seeds respectively Piao Shu, Pterocarya Stenoptera, Cortex Sapii Radicis and the blue or green paulownia that energy saving effect is good.Consider the landscape of woods shade Parking position configuration seeds, spring Piao Shu and Pterocarya Stenoptera seeds sprouting tell green, summer, the tree crown of green grass or young crops tung oil tree kind had yellow inflorescence, dry phase dark green, and autumn, the leaf color of Cortex Sapii Radicis seeds was red gorgeous, and winter, the tree crown of Cortex Sapii Radicis seeds was interspersed just like the Semen Ginkgo of snow.Therefore, in the present embodiment, optional seeds are Piao Shu, Pterocarya Stenoptera, Cortex Sapii Radicis and blue or green paulownia.

Claims (2)

1. the system of selection of elite stand shade Parking position woods shade seeds, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
(1) mean daily temperature DEG C in car: Ds1 and Dw1 under summer, winter fine day sunlight is measured respectively;
(2) mean daily temperature DEG C in car: Ds2 and Dw2 under summer, seeds woods shade to be selected in winter is measured respectively;
(3) difference DEG C of the mean daily temperature of car and the mean daily temperature in car under seeds woods shade to be selected in summer under Clear Days Summer sunlight is calculated: Δ ts=Ds1--Ds2;
(4) mean daily temperature of car and the difference DEG C of the mean daily temperature of car under seeds woods shade to be selected in winter under fine day sunlight in winter are calculated: Δ tw=Dw1-Dw2;
(5) energy saving effect Es and the Ew in Lin Yin parking lot seeds to be selected summer and winter is calculated respectively:
Energy saving effect Es=V × ρ × Cp × Δ ts × the ds in Lin Yin parking lot seeds to be selected summers;
Energy saving effect Ew=V × ρ × Cp × Δ tw × the dw in Lin Yin parking lot seeds to be selected winters;
In formula: V is car volume m3, ρ is atmospheric density, ρ=1.29kg/m3, Cp is pressurization by compressed air specific heat capacity, Cp=0.24 kilocalorie/kg DEG C;Ds and dw corresponds to the summer in year or the average fine day natural law in winter respectively;
(6) calculate the difference of Es-Ew, obtain the woods shade energy saving effect in the winter of aestivating in year of seeds to be selected;
(7) the woods shade seeds of woods shade Parking position, cities and towns are selected by step (6) energy saving effect.
2. the system of selection of woods shade Parking position, a kind of cities and towns according to claim 1 woods shade seeds, it is characterized in that: calculate the value of (Es-Ew) ÷ 8022 × 1000, the woods shade energy saving effect obtaining the winter of aestivating in year of seeds to be selected converts into the ml amount of the gasoline that octane number is 93, wherein, the big calorific power of calory burning that 8022 is converted gasoline, 1000 are scaled ml for volume unit L.
CN201610338433.7A 2016-05-19 2016-05-19 Method for selecting tree-lined tree species of parking places of tree-lined parking lot Pending CN105808971A (en)

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