CN105804883A - 钛金属活塞 - Google Patents

钛金属活塞 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105804883A
CN105804883A CN201610260073.3A CN201610260073A CN105804883A CN 105804883 A CN105804883 A CN 105804883A CN 201610260073 A CN201610260073 A CN 201610260073A CN 105804883 A CN105804883 A CN 105804883A
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piston
titanium
pin hole
skirt
base
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宋洪海
钟军
闫东辉
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Shenyang Titanium Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
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Shenyang Heshitai Titanium Metal Application Technology Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/10Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/0069Multi-part pistons the crown and skirt being interconnected by the gudgeon pin
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/0084Pistons  the pistons being constructed from specific materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/26Pistons  having combustion chamber in piston head
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F02F2003/0061Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping by welding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00Manufacturing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F2200/00Manufacturing
    • F02F2200/04Forging of engine parts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

一种钛金属活塞,包括带有凹弧坑的活塞顶、活塞销孔管座、筒状活塞裙以及活塞销孔管,活塞裙上对称设有一对活塞销孔,其技术要点是:所述钛金属活塞由活塞顶、活塞销孔管座、活塞裙以及加强筋焊接而成,活塞顶焊接在活塞裙一端,一对活塞销孔管相对焊接在活塞裙内,活塞销孔管由活塞销孔管支撑焊接在活塞销孔内侧。从根本上解决了现有制造工艺繁琐、效率低、制造成本高的缺陷,其能够有效提高内燃机效率,延长用寿命。

Description

钛金属活塞
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机零部件的制造领域,具体说是一种钛金属活塞,其主要适用于大功率内燃机。
背景技术
在内燃机(汽油机、柴油机、煤气机的统称)中,活塞被称为内燃机的“心脏”,它是一个在高温、高压摩擦下承受反复交变载荷的关键运动件,是工作强度最大的零件之一,所处的工作环境最为恶劣。内燃机活塞顶部与高温、高压燃气接触,工作温度高,热负荷大;其裙部与气缸壁接触,处于高速运动状态,润滑条件差。一般活塞顶部温度可达300℃以上,根据不同的机型,工作压力3MPa~15MPa,平均移动速度6m/s~15m/s。故要求活塞材料具备以下几点:具有高温强度,比较小的热膨胀系数以便使活塞与气缸之间在各种情况下都有合适的间隙并且减少机器运行的噪声,吸热性差,导热性好,密度要小,以减少活塞的质量和运动的惯力,具有良好的耐腐蚀、耐磨和低摩擦系数,降低摩擦损失延长用寿命。
钛钛合金的密度4.51g/cm3,质量是铝合金的1.67倍,是铸铁的60%;强度是铝合金3~4倍,是铸铁1.5倍;在高温高压的条件下,钛合金与铝合金和铸铁有很大优势。钛合金高温强度优于铝合金和铸铁,膨胀系数低,在2.4*10^-9/℃,铝合金热膨胀系数在1.881*10^-5/℃,铸铁在1.2*10^-5/℃。用来制造内燃机活塞,可以弥补铝合金、铸铁的不足。钛金属活塞结构能够使活塞提高强度、减轻重量50%、减少了惯性力,提高了抗热负荷能力,能承受较高的爆发压力,可以提高升功率。升功率(kw/l)体现发动机品质高低主要是看动力性和经济性,也就是说发动机要具有较好的功率、良好的加速性和较低的燃料消耗量。薄壁的钛金属裙,能补偿不均匀的热变形,裙部与缸套间的配缸间隙小,导向性能非常好,降低噪音。钛合金可以通过技术处理得到优良的耐腐蚀、耐磨损的金属陶瓷表面。内燃机活塞的结构比较复杂,采用常规机械加工和铸造方法制作钛合金活塞比较困难。单纯钛合金可以采用锻造和精密铸造方法制作,但材料利用率很低,制造成本高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种钛金属活塞,从根本上解决了现有制造工艺繁琐、效率低、制造成本高的缺陷,其能够有效提高内燃机效率,延长用寿命。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:该钛金属活塞,包括带有凹弧坑的活塞顶、活塞销孔管座、筒状活塞裙以及活塞销孔管,活塞裙上对称设有一对活塞销孔,其技术要点是:所述钛金属活塞由活塞顶、活塞销孔管座、活塞裙以及加强筋焊接而成,活塞顶焊接在活塞裙一端,一对活塞销孔管相对焊接在活塞裙内,活塞销孔管由活塞销孔管支撑焊接在活塞销孔内侧。
本发明还提供了一种钛金属活塞的制造方法,其技术要点是,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)采用等温模锻工艺,在860℃±10℃、5.5×10^-4s^-1恒应变速率下、60%大变形进行等温锻造;双重退火;900℃±10℃保温4h,590℃±10℃保温4h制造活塞顶;
步骤2)采用穿压工艺,在800℃~850℃,变形率30%~50%;退火温度820℃保温2h,用钛金属棒材制造活塞裙;
步骤3)采用氩弧焊、等离子或电子束焊接工艺组装活塞;
步骤4)650℃~700℃保温0.2~4h,500℃~550℃保温0.5~5h;对活塞焊接坯进行两次应力退火;
步骤5)对活塞成品进行渗氮、渗硫处理后,即得成品。
本发明的有益效果:用金属钛替代传统的耐热铸铁制造大功率内燃机活塞,活塞工况特点是不同部位功能不同,采用分体加工零件组焊成型工艺,用合适的材料及工艺方法制造零件,分别制作后组焊成活塞毛坯,再进行机械加工制成钛金属活塞半成品,再进行表面处理完成活塞的产品制造,降低了材料成本,简化了制造的工艺流程。借助模锻、轧制、拉拔、焊接、CNC、硫化等组合工艺,将活塞的制坯、加工简化,工艺性完整、流畅,适合进行流水作业、规模生产。有效节省了昂贵的钛合金原材料,降低了加工设备等级,减少工时消耗,从而为低成本的规模生产奠定了基础。利用钛合金比强度高的特点和可以表面处理减少摩擦系数的特点,内燃机采用钛金属活塞后,不但提高了升功率、节约了能源,而且有效降低了内燃机运行过程的噪声,同等条件下提高了内燃机的功率输出,延长活塞使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明的分解结构示意图。
附图标记说明:1活塞销孔、2活塞销孔管、3活塞销孔管座、4活塞顶、5活塞裙。
具体实施方式
以下结合图1,通过具体实施例详细说明本发明的内容。该钛金属活塞包括带有凹弧坑的活塞顶、活塞销孔管座、筒状活塞裙以及活塞销孔管,活塞裙上对称设有一对活塞销孔,其特征在于:所述钛金属活塞由活塞顶、活塞销孔管座、活塞裙以及加强筋焊接而成,活塞顶焊接在活塞裙一端,一对活塞销孔管相对焊接在活塞裙内,活塞销孔管由活塞销孔管支撑焊接在活塞销孔内侧。
该钛金属活塞的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)用钛金属棒材裁切、拉伸粗加工成活塞顶坯,采用等温模锻工艺,在860℃±10℃、5.5×10^-4s^-1恒应变速率下、60%大变形进行等温锻造;900℃±10℃保温4h,590℃±10℃保温4h,双重退火,制成活塞顶备用;
步骤2)用钛金属棒材裁切、拉伸粗加工成活塞裙坯,采用穿压工艺,在800℃~850℃保温1~3h;穿孔后,扩孔轧管变形率30%~50%;退火温度820℃保温2h,制成活塞裙备用;
步骤3)采用机械加工工艺,用钛金属棒材制作活塞孔管座,用钛合金方条制作加强筋;
步骤4)活塞顶部与活塞裙组装焊接成为一体,在活塞裙上机械加工活塞孔管座孔,组装活塞管座并且焊接牢固,组装管座加强筋并且焊接牢固;
步骤5)0.1Pa~1.0Pa真空650℃~700℃保温0.2~4h,0.1Pa~1.0Pa真空500℃~550℃保温0.5~5h;对活塞焊接坯进行两次应力退火;
步骤6)对活塞成品进行渗氮、渗硫处理后,即得成品。
钛及钛合金材料,可选用TC11,TC15,TC4,TA2,HST2425等,具有高温强度优良、抗蠕变性能佳、冷热加工性能好等特点。

Claims (2)

1.一种钛金属活塞,包括带有凹弧坑的活塞顶、活塞销孔管座、筒状活塞裙以及活塞销孔管,活塞裙上对称设有一对活塞销孔,其特征在于:所述钛金属活塞由活塞顶、活塞销孔管座、活塞裙以及加强筋焊接而成,活塞顶焊接在活塞裙一端,一对活塞销孔管相对焊接在活塞裙内,活塞销孔管由活塞销孔管支撑焊接在活塞销孔内侧。
2.一种钛金属活塞的制造方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)用钛金属棒材裁切、拉伸粗加工成活塞顶坯,采用等温模锻工艺,在860℃±10℃、5.5×10^-4s^-1恒应变速率下、60%大变形进行等温锻造;900℃±10℃保温4h,590℃±10℃保温4h,双重退火,制成活塞顶备用;
步骤2)用钛金属棒材裁切、拉伸粗加工成活塞裙坯,采用穿压工艺,在800℃~850℃保温1~3h;穿孔后,扩孔轧管变形率30%~50%;退火温度820℃保温2h,制成活塞裙备用;
步骤3)采用机械加工工艺,用钛金属棒材制作活塞孔管座,用钛合金方条制作加强筋;
步骤4)活塞顶部与活塞裙组装焊接成为一体,在活塞裙上机械加工活塞孔管座孔,组装活塞管座并且焊接牢固,组装管座加强筋并且焊接牢固;
步骤5)0.1Pa~1.0Pa真空650℃~700℃保温0.2~4h,0.1Pa~1.0Pa真空500℃~550℃保温0.5~5h;对活塞焊接坯进行两次应力退火;
步骤6)对活塞成品进行渗氮、渗硫处理后,即得成品。
CN201610260073.3A 2016-04-25 2016-04-25 钛金属活塞 Pending CN105804883A (zh)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108176956A (zh) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-19 慈溪市龙山汽配有限公司 一种活塞加工工艺
CN109207892A (zh) * 2018-11-05 2019-01-15 贵州大学 一种变形双相钛合金的组织控制工艺
CN112901365A (zh) * 2021-02-10 2021-06-04 李斯特技术中心(上海)有限公司 一种复合式活塞及发动机

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108176956A (zh) * 2016-12-08 2018-06-19 慈溪市龙山汽配有限公司 一种活塞加工工艺
CN109207892A (zh) * 2018-11-05 2019-01-15 贵州大学 一种变形双相钛合金的组织控制工艺
CN109207892B (zh) * 2018-11-05 2020-08-25 贵州大学 一种变形双相钛合金的组织控制工艺
CN112901365A (zh) * 2021-02-10 2021-06-04 李斯特技术中心(上海)有限公司 一种复合式活塞及发动机

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