CN105803965B - 一种宽频带吸声单元板 - Google Patents
一种宽频带吸声单元板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105803965B CN105803965B CN201610281306.8A CN201610281306A CN105803965B CN 105803965 B CN105803965 B CN 105803965B CN 201610281306 A CN201610281306 A CN 201610281306A CN 105803965 B CN105803965 B CN 105803965B
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明涉及一种宽频带吸声单元板，属于吸声降噪领域。该吸声单元板主要包括隔声板腔、共振薄板或共振薄膜、穿孔或微穿孔板、铝纤维板和壳体，吸声单元板具有层状结构，由正面到背面依次为铝纤维板，穿孔或微穿孔板，共振薄板或共振薄膜和隔声板腔，壳体封装在除单元板的正面和背面之外的其它四面的外围。本发明吸声单元板的吸声频带宽，特别是低频段吸声效果有较大提高；结构简单，重量轻，易于加工制作；应用范围广泛，可应用于室内墙壁、室外声屏障、火车站台、铁路沿线等处的消声降噪。
Description
一种宽频带吸声单元板
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种宽频带吸声单元板，具体涉及一种结合了共振薄板或共振薄膜低 频吸声，穿孔或微穿孔板低频吸声，多孔纤维吸声结构中、高频吸声的复合吸声结构，属于 吸声降噪领域。
背景技术
[0002] 噪声污染不仅严重干扰人们的日常生活，长时间处于噪声中还会危害身体健康。 随着我国高速铁路快速发展，车辆行驶越来越快，铁路沿线及站台区均需要布置降噪设施， 如高速铁路两侧安装声屏障，站台内安装吸声板等。
[0003] 多孔吸声材料是常用的吸声降噪材料，包括泡沫吸声材料和纤维吸收材料等，其 吸声频段主要为300Hz以上的中高频。多孔吸声材料的吸声原理为声波入射到多孔吸声材 料中，引起孔隙内空气运动，由于孔壁附近空气的摩擦和粘滞力，一部分空气转化为热能； 同时声波在孔隙中多次反射，使声能逐渐衰减。常见的纤维吸声材料有玻璃棉、石棉、岩棉、 金属纤维材料等。由铝纤维和铝板网制成的铝纤板具有耐腐蚀、耐高温、憎水等优异的物理 化学性质。文献“铝纤维吸声板的材料特性及应用”（钟祥璋，莫方朔.铝纤维板吸声板的材 料特性及应用[J] •新型建筑材料，2000 (11) : 18-22)给出了铝纤维板搭配不同厚度空腔的 吸声系数，对比测试铝纤维板洒水和洒灰后吸声系数的变化，发现水和灰尘对铝纤维板的 吸声系数影响不大。
[0004] 穿孔板吸声结构利用了赫姆霍兹共振吸声原理，具有吸声频率低的优点，但由于 声阻小，吸声频带较窄；声学泰斗马大猷先生提出的微穿孔吸声结构，具有吸声频带宽、吸 声系数高的优点。穿孔板和微穿孔板结构简单、易于加工，已大量应用于各种吸声结构设计 中。消声室或半消声室墙壁均采用具有尖劈结构的吸声材料。尖劈结构可以在空气和吸声 材料之间形成过渡区域，尖劈的等效声阻抗率从空气到吸声材料逐渐增加，有助于声波进 入吸声材料；同时，尖劈结构增加吸声表面积，声波在尖劈之间会发生多次反射，有效提高 吸声效率。
[0005] 把薄板或薄膜张紧固定在密封的框架结构上，可以构成共振吸声结构。在结构的 共振频率附近，薄板或薄膜的振动最强烈，因摩擦产生的能量损耗最大，此时吸声系数也最 大。薄板的共振吸声频率一般在80-300Hz，薄膜的共振吸声频率在200-2000HZ。薄板或薄膜 的共振吸声频带较窄，增加阻尼可以展宽带宽，但同时又会降低吸声系数。
[0006] 上述几种吸声材料或结构均不能满足宽频带的吸声效果，但各自的吸声频率范围 不同，因此设计一种组合多种吸声原理的结构可以实现宽带吸声的效果。
发明内容
[0007] 本发明的目的在于解决现有吸声材料或结构面临的吸声频带窄的问题，提供一种 组合多种吸声原理的宽频带吸声单元板。
[0008] 本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案完成的：
[0009] 一种宽频带吸声单元板，该吸声单元板主要包括隔声板腔、共振薄板或共振薄膜、 穿孔或微穿孔板、铝纤维板和壳体等，所述的吸声单元板具有层状结构，由正面到背面依次 为铝纤维板，穿孔或微穿孔板，共振薄板或共振薄膜和隔声板腔，所述的壳体封装在除单元 板的正面和背面之外的其它四面的外围。
[0010] 所述的隔声板腔由隔声板材制成，呈盒状，所述的共振薄板或共振薄膜覆盖(或密 封)在其面向单元板正面(即声源)一侧，利用薄板共振或薄膜共振吸收低频声。
[0011] 隔声板腔由具有优良隔声性能和结构强度的隔声板材制成，隔声板材和共振薄板 可为木板、金属板、玻璃钢或PC塑料等，共振薄膜可为软膜天花、PE膜、PVF膜或PET膜等。
[0012] 进一步地，隔声板腔内还可填充纤维吸声材料如玻璃棉、岩棉、矿棉等，但与共振 薄板或共振薄膜不接触。
[0013] 所述的穿孔或微穿孔板设置在共振薄板或共振薄膜的外侧，其截面呈锯齿状或波 浪状。穿孔或微穿孔板吸声频率范围稍高于共振薄板或共振薄膜的吸声频率范围，进一步 展宽低频段的吸声带宽。
[0014] 所述的共振薄板或共振薄膜与穿孔或微穿孔板之间，及穿孔或微穿孔板与铝纤维 板之间均留有一定的间隙。穿孔或微穿孔板与共振薄板或共振薄膜之间保留有一定的距 离，具体位置根据实际需要的降噪频率范围调整以达到最佳效果。铝纤维板在最外层，面向 声源方向，与穿孔或微穿孔板之间保留有一定的距离，具体距离根据实际需要的降噪频率 范围调整以达到最佳效果。具有一定厚度空腔的铝纤维板用于吸收中、高频噪声，同时铝纤 维板还可阻挡灰尘进入单元板内部。
[0015] 所述的壳体将隔声板腔、共振薄板或共振薄膜、穿孔或微穿孔板、铝纤维板等的上 下、左右侧面牢固固定，将整个吸声结构封装成扁平的长方体形状。壳体采用彩钢板、铝合 金等材质制成。
[0016] 所述壳体上下部分可设计为凹凸型嵌套结构，以提高多个单元板上下组合时的稳 定性，满足不同高度的声屏障或吸声墙面的要求。
[0017] 上述的宽频带吸声单元板为单面吸声，还可设计为双面吸声。双面吸声结构的两 侧可以做成对称结构，也可以根据噪声实际情况设计为非对称结构。双面吸声结构的两侧 可共用背面的隔声板材。
[0018] 本发明由薄板共振或薄膜共振吸声结构、穿孔或微穿孔吸声板、铝纤维吸声板等 三部分组成吸声结构，利用壳体将各吸声结构组合固定。共振薄板或共振薄膜覆盖在隔声 板腔口，与隔声板腔密封形成共振吸声结构，腔内可只密封空气，也可填充适量多孔吸声材 料。共振薄板或共振薄膜前有穿孔或微穿孔板，穿孔或微穿孔板呈锯齿状或波浪状;穿孔或 微穿孔板前有一层铝纤维板，铝纤维板正对噪声源方向。本发明利用共振薄板或共振薄膜 及穿孔或微穿孔板的低频吸声和铝纤维板的中、高频吸声实现结构整体的宽频带吸声效 果。
[0019] 本发明的工作原理：
[0020] 本发明结合了共振薄板或共振薄膜低频吸声，穿孔或微穿孔板低频吸声，多孔纤 维吸声结构中、高频吸声，实现了宽频带的吸声效果。由于共振吸声结构具有吸声带宽窄的 缺点，因此同时利用共振薄板或共振薄膜与穿孔或微穿孔板来进一步展宽低频的吸声带 宽。将穿孔或微穿孔板设计为锯齿状或波浪状，利用尖劈结构的原理提高吸声系数。利用具 有一定空腔的铝纤维板来吸收中、高频噪声，并阻挡灰尘进入单元板内部。
[0021] 本发明的优点：
[0022] 本发明利用了多种吸声降噪措施，组合各种措施吸声的频率范围实现宽频带吸声 的目的，特别是提高了低频段的吸声效果。本发明可以不使用会造成粉尘污染的玻璃棉、岩 棉等，即使使用也填充于薄板共振或薄膜共振结构中，不会进入周围空气中。本发明宽频带 吸声单元板的吸声频带宽，特别是低频段吸声效果有较大提高;本发明结构简单，易于加工 制作，重量轻，应用范围广泛，可以用于室内消声降噪；利用耐火、抗腐蚀材料设计各结构， 还可用于制作户外声屏障、铁路站台下的吸声墙等。
附图说明
[0023] 图1为本发明宽频带吸声单元板的组装结构示意图（侧面尚未封口）。
[0024] 图2为本发明宽频带吸声单元板的剖面图。
[0025] 图3为图2的部分放大图。
[0026] 图4为本发明双面吸声结构的剖面示意图。
[0027] 主要附图标记：
[0028] 1 隔声板 2 隔振板腔
[0029] 3 共振薄板或薄膜 4 穿孔或微穿孔板
[0030] 5 铝纤维板 6 壳体
具体实施方式
[0031] 下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明。
[0032] 如图1所示，为本发明宽频带吸声单元板的结构示意图（侧面尚未封口），如图2所 示，为本发明宽频带吸声单元板的剖面图，如图3所示，为图2的部分放大图，本发明的吸声 单元板主体主要包括薄板共振或薄膜共振吸声结构、穿孔或微穿孔板4、铝纤维板5、壳体6 等，由隔声板1制成呈盒状的隔声板腔2,面向声源一侧的隔声板腔2 口采用共振薄板或薄膜 3覆盖，与隔声板腔2密封形成薄板共振或薄膜共振吸声结构。该单元板从外到内依次为铝 纤维板5,穿孔或微穿孔板4,共振薄板或薄膜3,隔声板腔2,共振薄板或薄膜3与穿孔或微穿 孔板4之间及穿孔或微穿孔板4与铝纤维板5之间均留有一定的距离。
[0033]薄板共振或薄膜共振吸声结构的龙骨由具有大隔声量、高强度的隔声板1构成，可 选材料包括木板、金属板、玻璃钢、PC塑料等，共振薄板也可采用上述材料。通过改变共振薄 板厚度和共振板腔2中空气层厚度以调整共振吸声频率范围。共振薄膜可采用软膜天花、PE 膜、PVF膜、PET膜等。隔振板腔2内可只密封空气，也可填充适量多孔纤维吸声材料，如玻璃 棉、岩棉、矿棉等，但不可与共振薄板或共振薄膜接触。
[0034]共振薄板或薄膜3前有穿孔或微穿孔板4,穿孔或微穿孔板4呈锯齿状或波浪状，作 为优选，采用金属板先做穿孔处理，再冲压成型。当单元板制作的尺寸较大时，若有必要，需 对穿孔或微穿孔板4增加固定措施。穿孔板孔径及穿孔率以及与共振薄板或薄膜3的间距根 据所需吸声频率范围调整。
[0035]在单元板面向声源一侧的最外层为铝纤维板5,铝纤维板正对噪声源方向，通过改 变铝纤维板5的厚度及铝纤维板5距穿孔或微穿孔板4的距离调整对中、高频噪声的吸收频 段。
[0036]壳体6采用彩钢板、铝合金等材质制成，对单元板上下及左右侧面进行封装，将隔 声板腔2、共振薄板或薄膜3,穿孔或微穿孔板4,铝纤维板5牢固固定于金属外壳内，将整个 吸声结构封装成扁平的长方体形状，起到固定、支撑、保护等作用，与各吸声结构一起构成 吸声单元板。壳体6上下部分可设计为凹凸型嵌套结构，以提高多个单元板上下组合时的稳 定性，满足不同高度的声屏障或吸声墙面的要求。
[0037] 宽频带吸声单元板可为单面吸声结构，也可设计为双面吸声结构。双面吸声结构， 两侧可以做成对称结构，也可以根据噪声实际情况设计为非对称结构。
[0038] 如图4所示，为本发明双面吸声结构的剖面示意图，将吸声单元板设计为双面吸声 结构，两侧共用背面的隔声板，两侧对应的吸声结构设计为对称形式。
[0039] 本发明的宽频带吸声单元板结合了多种吸声结构，包括薄板共振或薄膜共振吸声 结构、穿孔或微穿孔吸声板、铝纤维吸声板、外部的壳体等。利用薄板共振或薄膜共振吸声 结构与穿孔板或微穿孔板提高单元板的低频吸声系数，利用铝纤维板吸收中、高频噪声。其 中穿孔板或微穿孔板利用了尖劈结构的吸声原理，将其截面设计为锯齿形或波浪形。本发 明宽频带吸声单元板的吸声频带宽，特别是低频段吸声效果有较大提高，可应用于室内墙 壁、室外声屏障、火车站台、铁路沿线等处的消声降噪。
[0040] 上述说明不是对本发明结构、工艺的限定，任何对本发明作简单变换后的结构，或 具有相同功能的工艺，具有类似形状但改变结构比例、尺寸，关键部位具有相同功能的不同 工艺处理方法，均属于本发明专利的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1. 一种宽频带吸声单元板，其特征在于:主要包括隔声板腔、共振薄板或共振薄膜、穿 孔或微穿孔板、铝纤维板和壳体，所述的吸声单元板具有层状结构，由正面到背面依次为铝 纤维板，穿孔或微穿孔板，共振薄板或共振薄膜和隔声板腔，所述的壳体封装在除单元板的 正面和背面之外的其它四面的外围•，所述的隔声板腔内填充纤维吸声材料，所述的纤维吸 声材料与共振薄板或共振薄膜不接触;所述的纤维吸声材料为玻璃棉、岩棉或矿棉;所述的 穿孔或微穿孔板的截面为锯齿状或波浪状。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的宽频带吸声单元板，其特征在于:所述的隔声板腔由隔声板材 制成，呈盒状，所述的共振薄板或共振薄膜覆盖在其面向单元板正面一侧。
3. 根据权利要求2所述的宽频带吸声单元板，其特征在于:所述的隔声板材和共振薄板 为木板、金属板、玻璃钢或PC塑料，所述的共振薄膜为软膜天花、PE膜、PVF膜或PET膜。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的宽频带吸声单元板，其特征在于:所述的共振薄板或共振薄膜 与穿孔或微穿孔板之间，及穿孔或微穿孔板与招纤维板之间留有间隙。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的宽频带吸声单元板，其特征在于:所述的壳体采用彩钢板或错 合金材质制成。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的宽频带吸声单元板，其特征在于:所述壳体的上下部分为凹凸 型嵌套结构。
7. 根据权利要求1所述的宽频带吸声单元板，其特征在于:所述的宽频带吸声单元板为 双面吸声结构，其两侧为对称结构或非对称结构。
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| CN111477440A (zh) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-31 | 国网河北省电力有限公司沧州供电分公司 | 一种高效复合隔声板 |
| CN112687254A (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种提高隔吸声性能的微穿孔波纹-蜂窝超材料板结构 |
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