CN105802695A - 一种提高煤炭燃烧效率的助燃剂 - Google Patents

一种提高煤炭燃烧效率的助燃剂 Download PDF

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CN105802695A
CN105802695A CN201610353422.6A CN201610353422A CN105802695A CN 105802695 A CN105802695 A CN 105802695A CN 201610353422 A CN201610353422 A CN 201610353422A CN 105802695 A CN105802695 A CN 105802695A
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sludge
combustion
excess sludge
combustion adjuvant
sodium carbonate
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CN105802695B (zh
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冷雪冬
赵年根
顾翼中
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Changzhou Southeast Thermal Power Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/16—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening using drying or composting beds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
    • C10L2200/029—Salts, such as carbonates, oxides, hydroxides, percompounds, e.g. peroxides, perborates, nitrates, nitrites, sulfates, and silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高煤炭燃烧效率的助燃剂，属于燃烧技术领域。本发明先对剩余污泥进行包括混合竹粉、板框压滤脱水、热风烘干在内的脱水处理，以降低污泥泥饼含水率并增强污泥的焚烧性能。结合碳酸钠、全甲基二茂铁，本发明不仅为剩余污泥的处理提供了新的思路，还增强的煤炭的燃烧效率，同等发电量下，煤炭的消耗量可减少3％左右。

Description

一种提高煤炭燃烧效率的助燃剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高煤炭燃烧效率的助燃剂，属于燃烧技术领域。
背景技术
热电厂在日常生产过程，不可避免需要燃烧大量的煤炭，为提高煤燃烧效率、减少污染物排放以及减少结焦等现象，通常在燃煤中适当添加一些助燃剂来改善煤炭燃烧。现有技术中的燃煤助燃剂，大多数配方组份单一、功能单一、难以混合均匀，使用过程中需要分样添加导致使用程序繁琐，无法达到预期助燃效果。
污泥作为污水生物处理过程中的主要副产物，2003年城市污水厂的脱水污泥产量约为130万吨，并以每年大于10％的速度递增。2010年底，全国城镇污水处理量达到343亿立方米，脱水污泥产生量接近2200万吨，而且其中有80％没有得到妥善处理。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是提供一种提高煤炭燃烧效率的助燃剂，用于提高煤炭的燃烧效率，帮助煤炭充分燃烧、减少烟气排放。
所述助燃剂，按质量百分数计，由以下组分组成：30-50％的剩余污泥、20-30％的碳酸钠、30-40％的全甲基二茂铁。所述剩余污泥是按干污泥质量比30％～60％，添加竹粉，搅拌均匀后进行脱水处理得到。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，所述助燃剂，按质量百分数计，由以下组分组成：50％的剩余污泥、20％的碳酸钠、30％的全甲基二茂铁。所述剩余污泥是按干污泥质量比50％，添加竹粉，搅拌均匀后进行板框压滤脱水，使污泥含水量降至50％左右，然后进行热风烘干，使含水量降至10％左右。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，竹粉的粒径低于200目。
本发明还提供一种制备所述助燃剂的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)向剩余污泥中按干污泥质量比50％，添加竹粉，搅拌均匀后进行板框压滤脱水，使污泥含水量降至50％左右，然后进行热风烘干，使含水量降至10％左右；
(2)向调理烘干得到的剩余污泥中，按比例添加碳酸钠、全甲基二茂铁，并搅拌均匀，然后静置6-8h。
本发明提供了一种新型的提高煤炭燃烧效率的助燃剂，先对剩余污泥进行包括混合竹粉、板框压滤脱水、热风烘干在内的脱水处理，以降低污泥泥饼含水率并增强污泥的焚烧性能。结合碳酸钠、全甲基二茂铁，本发明不仅为剩余污泥的处理提供了新的思路，还增强的煤炭的燃烧效率，同等发电量下，煤炭的消耗量可减少3％左右。
具体实施方式
实施例1助燃剂的制备
(1)向剩余污泥中按干污泥质量比30％，添加竹粉，搅拌均匀后进行板框压滤脱水，使污泥含水量降至50％左右，然后进行热风烘干，使含水量降至10％左右。井脱水处理后的剩余污泥的热值提高至8623kJ/kg，提高了34％。
(2)向调理烘干得到的剩余污泥中，按比例添加碳酸钠、全甲基二茂铁，并搅拌均匀，然后静置6-8h得到助燃剂。其中，剩余污泥、碳酸钠、全甲基二茂铁的质量百分比分别是30％、30％、40％。
每1t煤炭中添加20kg上述助燃剂，内焰温度提高10％，烟气的林格曼黑度小于0.8。
实施例2助燃剂的制备
(1)向剩余污泥中按干污泥质量比60％，添加竹粉，搅拌均匀后进行板框压滤脱水，使污泥含水量降至50％左右，然后进行热风烘干，使含水量降至10％左右。井脱水处理后的剩余污泥的热值提高至8954kJ/kg，提高了41.1％。
(2)向调理烘干得到的剩余污泥中，按比例添加碳酸钠、全甲基二茂铁，并搅拌均匀，然后静置8h得到助燃剂。其中，剩余污泥、碳酸钠、全甲基二茂铁的质量百分比分别是45％、20％、35％。
每1t煤炭中添加18kg上述助燃剂，内焰温度提高10％，烟气的林格曼黑度小于0.8。
对照例1助燃剂的制备
按1：1比例混合碳酸钠、全甲基二茂铁，并搅拌均匀，然后静置8h得到助燃剂。
每1t煤炭中添加20kg上述助燃剂，内焰温度提高2％，烟气的林格曼黑度小于1。
对照例2助燃剂的制备
(1)将剩余污泥进行板框压滤脱水，使污泥含水量降至50％左右，然后进行热风烘干，使含水量降至10％左右。
(2)向烘干得到的剩余污泥中，按比例添加碳酸钠、全甲基二茂铁，并搅拌均匀，然后静置8h得到助燃剂。其中，剩余污泥、碳酸钠、全甲基二茂铁的质量百分比分别是45％、20％、35％。
每1t煤炭中添加20kg上述助燃剂，内焰温度提高3％，烟气的林格曼黑度小于1。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术的人，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可做各种的改动与修饰，因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。

Claims (5)

1.一种提高煤炭燃烧效率的助燃剂，其特征在于，按质量百分数计，由以下组分组成：30-50％的剩余污泥、20-30％的碳酸钠、30-40％的全甲基二茂铁；所述剩余污泥是按干污泥质量比30％～60％添加竹粉，搅拌均匀后进行脱水处理得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高煤炭燃烧效率的助燃剂，其特征在于，按质量百分数计，由以下组分组成：50％的剩余污泥、20％的碳酸钠、30％的全甲基二茂铁。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种提高煤炭燃烧效率的助燃剂，其特征在于，所述剩余污泥是按干污泥质量比50％，添加竹粉，搅拌均匀后进行板框压滤脱水，使污泥含水量降至50％左右，然后进行热风烘干，使含水量降至10％左右。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种提高煤炭燃烧效率的助燃剂，其特征在于，竹粉的粒径低于200目。
5.一种制备权利要求1-4任一所述助燃剂的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)向剩余污泥中按干污泥质量比50％，添加竹粉，搅拌均匀后进行板框压滤脱水，使污泥含水量降至50％左右，然后进行热风烘干，使含水量降至10％左右；
(2)向调理烘干得到的剩余污泥中，按比例添加碳酸钠、全甲基二茂铁，并搅拌均匀，然后静置6-8h。
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20060125636A (ko) * 2006-10-20 2006-12-06 최천락 유기성 슬러지를 주성분으로 함유하고 유연탄과 유사한물성을 갖는 고형연료 및 그 제조방법
WO2008098032A2 (en) * 2007-02-06 2008-08-14 North Carolina State University Use of lignocellulosics solvated in ionic liquids for production of biofuels
CN103648990A (zh) * 2011-03-03 2014-03-19 液压机控股有限责任公司 用于处理废弃物的系统和方法
CN103666632A (zh) * 2013-12-26 2014-03-26 常熟市第二热电有限公司 固态煤炭助燃剂及制备方法

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20060125636A (ko) * 2006-10-20 2006-12-06 최천락 유기성 슬러지를 주성분으로 함유하고 유연탄과 유사한물성을 갖는 고형연료 및 그 제조방법
WO2008098032A2 (en) * 2007-02-06 2008-08-14 North Carolina State University Use of lignocellulosics solvated in ionic liquids for production of biofuels
CN103648990A (zh) * 2011-03-03 2014-03-19 液压机控股有限责任公司 用于处理废弃物的系统和方法
CN103666632A (zh) * 2013-12-26 2014-03-26 常熟市第二热电有限公司 固态煤炭助燃剂及制备方法

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