CN105802103B - 高强度、高阻燃性环保型碳纤维改性丙烯腈‑乙烯‑苯乙烯电缆 - Google Patents

高强度、高阻燃性环保型碳纤维改性丙烯腈‑乙烯‑苯乙烯电缆 Download PDF

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CN105802103B
CN105802103B CN201610209062.2A CN201610209062A CN105802103B CN 105802103 B CN105802103 B CN 105802103B CN 201610209062 A CN201610209062 A CN 201610209062A CN 105802103 B CN105802103 B CN 105802103B
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郑普照
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Tianjin China Boson New Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

高强度、高阻燃性环保型碳纤维改性丙烯腈‑乙烯‑苯乙烯电缆，从内到外依次包括线芯、绝缘层、内护层和护套管，护套管的原料，包括：聚丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物、制革污泥、膨润土、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、硬脂酸、氧化锌、海藻酸钠、双酚芴、六苯氧环三磷腈，所制备的电缆阻燃性和强度高，并具有低的释放烟雾效果。

Description

高强度、高阻燃性环保型碳纤维改性丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯 电缆
技术领域
本发明涉及到一种高强度高阻燃型电缆，特别是高强度、高阻燃性环保型碳纤维改性丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯电缆。
技术背景
随着城市化进程的逐步加快，城市规划越来越趋于现代化。在城市建设过程中，电缆入地成为了最低的建设要求。同时，在城市改造过程中，也需要将架设在空中的各种电缆入地。电缆入地目前往往会采用非开挖技术进行施工，这种施工方法具有不影响交通、对地层结构破坏小，周期短等优点，同时适用于，采用非开挖施工方法，对于电缆的要求高，具有表现为 ：电缆需要具有强度高、刚性韧性好等，另外，由于电缆本身的特点，还需要具有高阻燃性的特点，以防电路短路等造成火灾，引起安全事故。对于野外的电缆，也同样具有上述要求。电缆要达到上述要求，对其护套管也就具有同样的要求，因为护套管位于电缆的
最外层。目前常见的电缆护套管，大都是主要采用聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等高分子材料，并加入了一定的添加剂，以改善其相关性能。但是，目前的这些电缆护套管，在强度、刚性任性以及阻燃性方面，仍然不理想，或者仅仅在某一方面的性能上面有一定的改进，存在很大的进一步改进的空间。
制革污泥由于产生量大，其处理成本已占到末端处理成本的一半甚至更高。目前大陆地区制革工业每年约产生250万吨的固体废弃物，其中无铬皮革副产物约为80多万吨，含铬副产物70多万吨，制革污泥100万吨，含铬污泥7.5万吨。
碳纤维（carbon fiber，简称CF），是一种含碳量在95%以上的高强度、高模量纤维的新型纤维材料。它是由片状石墨微晶等有机纤维沿纤维轴向方向堆砌而成，经碳化及石墨化处理而得到的微晶石墨材料。碳纤维“外柔内刚”，质量比金属铝轻，但强度却高于钢铁，并且具有耐腐蚀、高模量的特性，在国防军工和民用方面都是重要材料。它不仅具有碳材料的固有本征特性，又兼备纺织纤维的柔软可加工性，是新一代增强纤维。
碳纤维具有许多优良性能，碳纤维的轴向强度和模量高，密度低、比性能高，无蠕变，非氧化环境下耐超高温，耐疲劳性好，比热及导电性介于非金属和金属之间，热膨胀系数小且具有各向异性，耐腐蚀性好，X射线透过性好。良好的导电导热性能、电磁屏蔽性好等。
碳纤维与传统的玻璃纤维相比，杨氏模量是其3倍多；它与凯夫拉纤维相比，杨氏模量是其2倍左右，在有机溶剂、酸、碱中不溶不胀，耐蚀性突出。
发明内容
本发明利用丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物在制革污泥的作用下，膨润土增加辛基三乙氧基硅烷与丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物、制革污泥、白炭黑的分散，碳纤维也增加了电缆的力学强度，氧化锌让所有波段的紫外线攻击无效，海藻酸钠增加了氧化锌与丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物、制革污泥、膨润土、碳纤维、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、硬脂酸、氧化锌、白炭黑相互间的相容性，同时使制革污泥、膨润土之间发生螯和，双酚芴增加了电缆的强度，六苯氧环三磷腈具有独特的P、N难燃元素组成的环状结构，是具有高热稳定性、高氧指数(LOI)和低烟释放性能等特点的阻燃剂，同时可以提高电缆的力学强度来提高强度、耐光性、阻燃性。
高强度、高阻燃性环保型碳纤维改性丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯电缆，从内到外依次包括线芯、绝缘层、内护层和护套管，护套管的原料，包括 ：
丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物70~80 重量份
制革污泥 5~9 重量份
膨润土2~3重量份
碳纤维 1.2~1.6重量份
辛基三乙氧基硅烷 0.8~1.2 重量份
硬脂酸 3 重量份
氧化锌 2~5重量份
海藻酸钠0.2~0.8重量份；
双酚芴1~3.2重量份
六苯氧环三磷腈2.2~3.6重量份
N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.6~2.2重量份
N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺0.1~0.5重量份
钼酸钡0.2~0.5重量份
制备方法 ：包括以下步骤 ：
（1）熔融共混 ：将上述成份按照比例混合，以 600r/min 的速度搅拌10min，然后在 190℃下熔融共混 10min，得到胶料 ；
（2）交联 ：将步骤（1）所得的胶料在 200℃下交联 30min 后，再按照加入阿拉伯树胶3~4重量份和白炭黑 0.4 重量份，反应 10min，得到混合料 ；
（3）造粒 ：将步骤（2）所得的混合料加入到双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出，然后进行造粒，得到颗粒料 ；
（4）制备护套管 ：将步骤（3）中所得的颗粒料加入到挤出成型机中进行成型、定径、牵引、切割后，得到护套管 A ；
制备电缆 ：将步骤（4）所得的护套管用于电缆的最外层，得到电缆。
本发明的优势在于
（1）丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物(AES)来自于常州市安得鑫化工有限公司，具有优良的耐候性、热稳定性、尺寸稳定和坚韧性；
（2）制革污泥来自于莱阳制革厂，其制革污泥中无铬，该污泥经过加热到105℃，保温4h，除掉水分，其他制革的无铬污泥也能得到本发明的实际效果，制革污泥中含有大量有机物，增加氧化锌、丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物、制革污泥、膨润土、石墨烯、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、硬脂酸、氧化锌、白炭黑中有机物和无机物的相容性。
（3）膨润土增加辛基三乙氧基硅烷与丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物、制革污泥、白炭黑的分散；
（4）碳纤维也增加了电缆的强度 ，N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(N,Nˊ-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)增加所有组分材料粘结性，N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺增加了碳纤维和丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物的相容性；
(5)氧化锌吸收几乎可以让所有波段的紫外线攻击无效,而且不致敏;
(6)海藻酸钠增加了氧化锌、丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物、制革污泥、膨润土、碳纤维、辛基三乙氧基硅烷、硬脂酸、氧化锌、白炭黑相互间的相容性，同时使制革污泥、膨润土之间发生螯和。
（7）双酚芴增加了电缆的强度，厂家为济南福景化工有限公司。
（8）六苯氧基环三磷腈具有独特的P、N难燃元素组成的环状结构，是具有高热稳定性、高氧指数(LOI)和低烟释放性能等特点的阻燃剂，同时可以提高电缆的力学强度，钼酸钡对电缆抑制烟雾。
(9)本发明所用的原料不限于上述厂家,只要主要成分相近均可达到上述效果。
具体实施方式
实例1
高强度、高阻燃性环保型碳纤维改性丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯电缆，从内到外依次包括线芯、绝缘层、内护层和护套管，护套管的原料，包括 ：
丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物70kg
制革污泥 5kg
膨润土2 kg
碳纤维 1.2 kg
辛基三乙氧基硅烷 0.8 kg
硬脂酸 3 kg
氧化锌 2 kg
海藻酸钠0.2 kg；
双酚芴1 kg
六苯氧环三磷腈2.2 kg
N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.6 kg
N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺0.1 kg
钼酸钡0.2 kg
制备方法 ：包括以下步骤 ：
（1）熔融共混 ：将上述成份按照比例混合，以 600r/min 的速度搅拌10min，然后在 180℃下熔融共混 40min，得到胶料 ；
（2）交联 ：将步骤（1）所得的胶料在 200℃下交联 30min 后，再按照加入阿拉伯树胶3 kg和白炭黑 0.4 kg，反应 10min，得到混合料 ；
（3）造粒 ：将步骤（2）所得的混合料加入到双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出，然后进行造粒，得到颗粒料 ；
（4）制备护套管 ：将步骤（3）中所得的颗粒料加入到挤出成型机中进行成型、定径、牵引、切割后，得到护套管 1；
制备电缆 ：将步骤（4）所得的护套管用于电缆的最外层，得到电缆。
实例2
高强度、高阻燃性碳纤维改性丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯电缆，从内到外依次包括线芯、绝缘层、内护层和护套管，护套管的原料，包括 ：
丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物80kg
制革污泥 9 kg
膨润土3kg
碳纤维 1.6kg
辛基三乙氧基硅烷 1.2 kg
硬脂酸 3 kg
氧化锌5kg
海藻酸钠0.8kg
双酚芴3.2kg
六苯氧环三磷腈3.6kg
N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺2.2kg
N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺0.5kg
钼酸钡0.5kg
制备方法 ：包括以下步骤 ：
（1）熔融共混 ：将上述成份按照比例混合，以 600r/min 的速度搅拌10min，然后在 190℃下熔融共混 10min，得到胶料 ；
（2）交联 ：将步骤（1）所得的胶料在 200℃下交联 30min 后，再按照加入阿拉伯树胶4kg和白炭黑 0.4 kg，反应 10min，得到混合料 ；
（3）造粒 ：将步骤（2）所得的混合料加入到双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出，然后进行造粒，得到颗粒料 ；
（4）制备护套管 ：将步骤（3）中所得的颗粒料加入到挤出成型机中进行成型、定径、牵引、切割后，得到护套管 2 ；
制备电缆 ：将步骤（4）所得的护套管用于电缆的最外层，得到电缆。
实例3
高强度、高阻燃性环保型碳纤维改性丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯电缆，从内到外依次包括线芯、绝缘层、内护层和护套管，护套管的原料，包括 ：
丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物75 kg
制革污泥 7 kg
膨润土2.5 kg
碳纤维 1.4 kg
辛基三乙氧基硅烷 1 kg
硬脂酸 3 kg
氧化锌 3.5 kg
海藻酸钠0.5 kg
双酚芴2.3 kg
六苯氧环三磷腈2.9 kg
N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺1.4 kg
N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺0.3 kg
钼酸钡0.35 kg
制备方法 ：包括以下步骤 ：
（1）熔融共混 ：将上述成份按照比例混合，以 600r/min 的速度搅拌10min，然后在 190℃下熔融共混 10min，得到胶料 ；
（2）交联 ：将步骤（1）所得的胶料在 200℃下交联 30min 后，再按照加入阿拉伯树胶3.5 kg和白炭黑 0.4 kg，反应 10min，得到混合料 ；
（3）造粒 ：将步骤（2）所得的混合料加入到双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出，然后进行造粒，得到颗粒料 ；
（4）制备护套管 ：将步骤（3）中所得的颗粒料加入到挤出成型机中进行成型、定径、牵引、切割后，得到护套管 3 ；
制备电缆 ：将步骤（4）所得的护套管用于电缆的最外层，得到电缆。
强度性能和阻燃性能测试标准 ：按照 GB/T 1040.1-2006 的标准测试本发明实施例 1-3 所得的护套管 A、护套管 B、护套管 C 的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率，按照 GB/T2406-1993 的标准测试本发明实施例1-3 所得的护套管1、护套管 2、护套管 3的氧指数；按照 GB12666.5 的标准测试本发明实施例 1-3 所得的护套管1、护套管 2、护套管 2的阻燃等级，GB/T 8627-2007 建筑材料烟密度，并以市场上买到的普通护套管作为对比例，其结果如表 1 所示。
表1 高强度、高阻燃性碳纤维改性丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯电缆护套管性能
护套管1 护套管2 护套管3 普通护套管
拉伸强度(MPa) 38 36 37 22
断裂伸长率(%) 886 796 752 598
氧指数/% 38 40 42 28
阻燃等级 B B A C
烟密度等级 35 36 23 75

Claims (1)

1.高强度、高阻燃性环保型碳纤维改性丙烯腈-乙烯-苯乙烯电缆，从内到外依次包括线芯、绝缘层、内护层和护套管，护套管的原料，包括 ：
丙烯腈/乙烯/苯乙烯共聚物70~80 重量份
制革污泥 5~9 重量份
膨润土2~3重量份
碳纤维 1.2~1.6重量份
辛基三乙氧基硅烷 0.8~1.2 重量份
硬脂酸 3 重量份
氧化锌 2~5重量份
海藻酸钠0.2~0.8重量份
双酚芴1~3.2重量份
六苯氧环三磷腈2.2~3.6重量份
N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.6~2.2重量份
N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺0.1~0.5重量份
钼酸钡0.2~0.5重量份
制备方法 ：包括以下步骤 ：
（1）熔融共混 ：将上述成份按照比例混合，以 600r/min 的速度搅拌10min，然后在190℃下熔融共混 10min，得到胶料 ；
（2）交联 ：将步骤（1）所得的胶料在 200℃下交联 30min 后，再按照加入阿拉伯树胶3~4重量份和白炭黑 0.4 重量份，反应 10min，得到混合料 ；
（3）造粒 ：将步骤（2）所得的混合料加入到双螺杆挤出机中进行共混挤出，然后进行造粒，得到颗粒料 ；
（4）制备护套管 ：将步骤（3）中所得的颗粒料加入到挤出成型机中进行成型、定径、牵引、切割后，得到护套管 A ；
制备电缆 ：将步骤（4）所得的护套管用于电缆的最外层，得到电缆。
CN201610209062.2A 2016-04-06 2016-04-06 高强度、高阻燃性环保型碳纤维改性丙烯腈‑乙烯‑苯乙烯电缆 Expired - Fee Related CN105802103B (zh)

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