CN105799485A - Mode-changing actuating mechanism of multimode coupling driving system for vehicle - Google Patents
Mode-changing actuating mechanism of multimode coupling driving system for vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN105799485A CN105799485A CN201610236957.5A CN201610236957A CN105799485A CN 105799485 A CN105799485 A CN 105799485A CN 201610236957 A CN201610236957 A CN 201610236957A CN 105799485 A CN105799485 A CN 105799485A
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- mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mode-changing actuating mechanism of a multimode coupling driving system for a vehicle. The mode-changing actuating mechanism is of a mode-changing drum-type structure, and comprises a mode-changing driving motor, a second-grade planetary gear reducer, a torsion damper, a mode-changing drum, a mode-changing drum shell, two mode-changing transverse rods, two mode-changing shifting rods and two mode-changing shifting forks. The input end of the second-grade planetary gear reducer is connected with the output end of the mode-changing driving motor. The input end of the torsion damper is connected with the output end of the second-grade planetary gear reducer, and the output end of the torsion damper is connected with the mode-changing drum. One end of the mode-changing drum is connected with the torsion damper, and the other end of the mode-changing drum is connected with the mode-changing drum shell. The mode-changing drum shell is fixed on a transmission system shell. The two ends of the mode-changing transverse rods are inserted into the transmission system shell. Two annular mode-changing grooves and a limiting groove are formed in the mode-changing drum. By means of the mode-changing actuating mechanism, mode switching of the multimode coupling driving system can be achieved, the continuity of power output can be kept in most mode switching processes of the multimode coupling driving system, and the power performance and the smooth-going performance of the vehicle are effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the change mould actuator of a kind of automobile-used Multiple modes coupling drive system, in particular it relates to a kind of can the change mould actuator of coaxial parallel-serial hybrid power automobile driving system of integrated centralized driving and distributed driving function.
Background technology
Plug-in hybrid-power automobile is one of typical vehicle of new-energy automobile, and from configuration, it can be divided into parallel connection, series connection and series-parallel connection three class；From the power resources of wheel, it is further divided into centralized driving and distributed driving two class.In order to make full use of the respective advantage of centralized driving and distributed driving and avoid its defect, applicant's early stage devises a kind of automobile-used Multiple modes coupling drive system, its structure is as shown in Figure 1, this Multiple modes coupling drive system can realize electromotor-bi-motor centralized driving (double, two centralized driving) in parallel by pattern switching, electromotor-pair drive motor centralized driving (left centralized driving) in parallel, electromotor-bi-motor distributed driving (distributed driving) in parallel, the four big class drive patterns such as the centralized driving of main drive motor (right centralized driving), and twenties kinds of single drive patterns can be segmented out according to pure electric drive and combination drive.This drive system can take multiple mechanical-electric coupling drive pattern according to the complicated driving cycle of vehicle, improves the dynamic property of vehicle, economy, control stability, ease of steering, motility and reliability.Pattern in order to realize this system automatically switches, early stage devises change mould actuator, its structure is as shown in Figure 1, including modeling motor 5101, the modeling worm screw 5102 driven by modeling drive motor, modeling tooth fan 5103, modeling axle 5104, become mould drive motor 5105, by becoming the change mould worm screw 5106 that mould drive motor drives, become mould tooth fan 5107 etc., modeling tooth fan 5103 rotation is driven when modeling worm screw 5102 rotates, modeling tooth fan 5103 and modeling axle 5104 connect firmly, modeling tooth fan 5103 drive modeling axle 5104 rotates, modeling axle 5104 band moving axis 5110 has moved up and down modeling.Become mould worm screw 5106 when being rotated by of mould drive motor 5105 of change, power is passed to gear 5108 by becoming mould tooth fan 5107, gear 5108 drives tooth fan 5109 rotation, tooth fan 5109 and axle 5110 connect firmly, tooth is fanned 5109 band moving axis 5110 and is rotated, and the reversal means on axle 5110 can drive gearshift cross bar 5111 to horizontally slip.Reversal means on axle 5110 has three position selected elements, and the middle part becoming mould reversal means has identical thickness, and the thickness of side reversal means upwardly extends on former basis, and the thickness of opposite side reversal means downwardly extends.When change mould reversal means mediates, become mould reversal means and handle both sides shift fork simultaneously, become and after mold shaft 5110 moves downward under the promotion of modeling drive motor 5101 or moves upward, just can only control side shift fork change mould.Owing to this change mould actuator all can make the gear of drive assembly enter neutral mode in any two mode handover procedure, the power interruption of drive assembly now will necessarily occur, ride comfort and dynamic property to car load adversely affect.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned existing problems, it is desirable to provide a kind of automobile-used Multiple modes coupling drive system becomes mould actuator, this change mould actuator can be passed through an electronic change mould drum and realize the automatic conversion of four big class drive patterns, thus ensureing that car load has good ride comfort and dynamic property.
For achieving the above object, invention be the technical scheme is that the change mould actuator of a kind of automobile-used Multiple modes coupling drive system, described change mould actuator adopts and becomes mould drum-type structure, and it includes becoming mould drive motor, secondary planetary gear decelerator, torsion vibration absorber, becoming mould drum, become mould drum housing, two become mould cross bar, two become mould driving lever, and two become mould shift fork；Described secondary planetary gear decelerator input is connected with becoming mould drive motor output shaft；Described torsion vibration absorber input is connected with secondary planetary gear decelerator outfan, and outfan is connected with becoming mould drum；Described change mould drum one end is connected with torsion vibration absorber, and the other end is connected with becoming mould drum housing；Described change mould drum housing is fixed on drive system shell；Described change mould cross bar two ends are inserted on drive system shell.
Further, described change mould drum is provided with two 360 degree annulars and becomes mould groove and a stopper slot, described change mould groove contacts with becoming mould driving lever, described stopper slot is opened on the change mould drum of deep change mould drum base portion, described stopper slot has: the neutral spacing hole corresponding with neutral gear position, the a left side centralized spacing hole corresponding with the centralized drive pattern in a left side, the double, two centralized spacing hole corresponding with double, two centralized drive patterns, the right side centralized spacing hole corresponding with the centralized drive pattern in the right side, the distributed spacing hole corresponding with distributed drive pattern, control one respectively during described two change mould groove work and become mould driving lever, the attainable gear order of cooperating is: neutral, left centralized gear, double, two centralized gears, right centralized gear, neutral, distributed gear.
Further, equipped with limit spring and spacing steel ball on described change mould drum housing, limit spring is corresponding with the position of the stopper slot become on mould drum with the position of spacing steel ball, spacing steel ball can slide in stopper slot, and the neutral spacing hole being used for and becoming on mould drum, left concentration spacing hole, double; two centralized spacing hole, right centralized spacing hole, distributed spacing hole match provides change mold lock to stop power.
The present invention can realize the pattern switching of Multiple modes coupling drive system, it is possible to keeps the seriality of power output in the handoff procedure of Multiple modes coupling drive system major part pattern, is effectively improved power performance and ride comfort.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing change mould actuator schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is present configuration schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the automobile-used Multiple modes coupling driving system structure sketch of one of the application present invention.
Fig. 4 is the change mould drum shell structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the change mould drum structural representation of the present invention.
The change mould drum drum surface that Fig. 6 is the present invention launches schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the change mould bar structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the change mould deflector rod structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the change mould shifting fork structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the secondary planetary gear reducer structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 11 is the motor schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 12 is the torsion vibration absorber schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings of embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 2 show present configuration schematic diagram, comprising: become mould motor 521, secondary planetary gear decelerator 522, torsion vibration absorber 523, become mould drum 524, become mould cross bar 525 and 526, become mould driving lever 527, become mould shift fork 528.
Fig. 3 show the automobile-used Multiple modes coupling driving system structure sketch of one of the application present invention.Electromotor 1 output shaft is connected with clutch 2, the outfan of clutch 2 is connected with secondary drive motor 3, secondary drive motor 3 outfan and drive assembly 4 are connected, become mould actuator 5 and be placed on drive assembly 4, the other end of drive assembly 4 is connected with main drive motor 6, two outfans of drive assembly 4 connect semiaxis 8 and 9 respectively, and half shaft end is wheel 7 and 10.
When change mould actuating mechanism controls lock unit 44 and gear 42 engage, when lock unit 45 and gear 42 engage, this system can realize electromotor-bi-motor centralized drive pattern (double, two centralized driving) in parallel, specifically can according to whether electromotor 1 starts, whether clutch 2 engages, secondary drive motor 3 is in driving or generating state, main drive motor 6 is in driving or generating state, it is refined as bi-motor pure electric drive in parallel, bi-motor parallel drive starts electromotor simultaneously, electromotor-bi-motor parallel connection combination drive, electromotor and main drive motor parallel connection combination drive be secondary drive motor generating simultaneously, electromotor driving-bi-motor generates electricity, six kinds of patterns such as bi-motor braking.
When change mould actuating mechanism controls lock unit 44 and gear 42 engage, when lock unit 45 is in neutral, this system can realize electromotor pair drive motor centralized driving (left centralized driving) in parallel, specifically can according to whether electromotor 1 starts, whether clutch 2 engages, secondary drive motor 3 is in driving or generating state, it is refined as the secondary independent pure electric drive of drive motor, secondary drive motor drives and starts electromotor simultaneously, electromotor individually drives, electromotor pair drive motor parallel connection combination drive and electromotor drive secondary drive motor generating, six kinds of patterns such as secondary drive motor braking.
When change mould actuating mechanism controls lock unit 44 and gear 41 engage, when lock unit 45 and gear 43 engage, this system can realize electromotor bi-motor distributed driving (distributed driving) in parallel, specifically can according to whether electromotor 1 starts, whether clutch 2 engages, secondary drive motor 3 is in driving or generating state, main drive motor 6 is in driving or generating state, it is refined as the distributed pure electric drive of bi-motor, bi-motor is distributed drives secondary drive motor simultaneously to start electromotor, the distributed combination drive of electromotor bi-motor, electromotor and the distributed combination drive of main drive motor be secondary drive motor generating simultaneously, five kinds of patterns such as bi-motor distributed brake.
It is in neutral when becoming mould actuating mechanism controls lock unit 44, when lock unit 45 and gear 42 engage, this system can realize the centralized driving of main drive motor (right centralized driving), specifically can according to whether electromotor 1 starts, whether clutch 2 engages, secondary drive motor 3 is in driving or generating state, main drive motor 6 is in driving or generating state, it is refined as the independent pure electric drive of main drive motor, main drive motor individually drives secondary drive motor simultaneously to start electromotor, driven by engine pair drive motor generating mair motor simultaneously drives, 4 kinds of patterns such as mair motor braking.
Fig. 4 show change mould drum the shell structure figure, Fig. 4 (a) of the present invention for becoming mould drum housing overall structure, and Fig. 4 (b) is for becoming mould drum housing sectional structure.Becoming mould drum housing 529 and be fixed on drive system shell, bottom has square opening for laying change mould driving lever 527, becomes in mould drum housing equipped with limit spring 5292 and spacing steel ball 5291.Limit spring 5292 is corresponding with the position becoming mould drum upper limit position groove 5243 with the position of spacing steel ball 5291, and spacing steel ball 5291 slides in stopper slot 5243.
Fig. 5 show the change mould drum structure chart of the present invention.Become and mould drum has and becomes 360 degree annulars that mould driving lever 527 contacts become mould grooves 5241 and 5242 and become mould and rouse the stopper slot 5243 that housing upper limit spring 5292 is corresponding.
Fig. 6 show the change mould drum drum surface of the present invention and launches schematic diagram, including becoming mould groove 5241 and 5242, stopper slot 5243, strain mould groove is had neutral gear position spacing hole 5244, left centralized spacing hole 5245, double; two centralized spacing hole 5246, right centralized spacing hole 5247, neutral gear position spacing hole 5248, distributed spacing hole 5249 by stopper slot 5243.When change mould drum 524 rotates, spacing steel ball 5291 slides in stopper slot 5243, and when spacing hole rotates to bottom, spacing steel ball 5291 enters in spacing hole under the effect of limit spring 5292 spring force, it is provided that certain change mold lock stops power.Determine that the order that pattern switches is the double; two hubbed mode right hubbed mode neutral gear position distributed mode neutral gear position of the left hubbed mode of neutral gear position as shown in the figure.
Fig. 7 show the change mould bar structure figure of the present invention.Become and the position of strain mould driving lever and change mould shift fork is had hole, location by mould cross bar, for limiting the position becoming mould driving lever and change mould shift fork.
Fig. 8 show the change mould deflector rod structure figure of the present invention.Become the screwed hole having on mould driving lever 527 for installing location nut, become mould driving lever and be arranged on change mould cross bar, become the cylindrical shifting block on mould driving lever and inject in the change mould groove become on mould drum 524, when becoming mould drum 524 and rotating, become mould groove and can drive change mould driving lever 527 side-to-side movement.
Fig. 9 show the change mould shifting fork structure figure of the present invention.Becoming mould shift fork 528 to be fixed on change mould cross bar, the screwed hole become on mould shift fork is used for installing location nut, the fixing relative position becoming mould shift fork and becoming mould cross bar.When becoming mould cross bar and horizontally slipping, becoming mould shift fork can move together along with becoming mould cross bar.
Figure 10 show the secondary planetary gear reducer structure of the present invention.It includes planetary reducer lid 5221, primary planet pinion and secondary planetary gear.Primary planet pinion group includes: sun gear 5222, external toothing 5223, planet carrier 5224 and planetary gear.Secondary planetary gear group includes: sun gear 5226, external toothing 5225, planet carrier 5227 and planetary gear.
Having three rotating shafts on planet carrier 5224, for planet carrier 5224 is inserted in the planetary gear of primary planet pinion group, the output shaft of planet carrier 5224 is deep in sun gear 5225.Planet carrier 5227 has three rotating shafts, for planet carrier 5227 is inserted in the planetary gear of secondary planetary gear group.
Figure 11 show the motor schematic construction of the present invention.Electric machine casing has screwed hole for closing with the corresponding threaded holes become on mould drum housing.Motor output shaft is inserted in the sun gear 5222 of secondary planetary gear decelerator.
Figure 12 show the torsion vibration absorber structure chart of the present invention.Figure 12 (a) is torsion vibration absorber overall structure, and Figure 12 (b) is torsion vibration absorber parts explosion.Having 6 square torsion damping spring gear holes on torsion vibration absorber dish 5231, square torsion damping spring gear hole is corresponding with the square spring eye on driving disc spacing pressing 5232, clutch plate 5234, for limiting the position of spring.Driving disc spacing pressing 5232 and clutch plate 5234 fix a torsion vibration absorber dish each via screwed hole.Turning round in the square torsion shake spring eye that shake spring 5233 half is placed on actively hub 5232 for 6, half is placed in the square torsional oscillation spring eye of hub plate.Power shaft on driving disc spacing pressing 5232 is connected with planet carrier 5227.Output shaft on 5234 is connected with gearshift drum 524.
Claims (3)
1. the change mould actuator of an automobile-used Multiple modes coupling drive system, it is characterized in that, described change mould actuator adopts and becomes mould drum-type structure, and it includes becoming mould drive motor, secondary planetary gear decelerator, torsion vibration absorber, becoming mould drum, become mould drum housing, two become mould cross bar, two become mould driving lever, and two become mould shift fork；Described secondary planetary gear decelerator input is connected with becoming mould drive motor output shaft；Described torsion vibration absorber input is connected with secondary planetary gear decelerator outfan, and outfan is connected with becoming mould drum；Described change mould drum one end is connected with torsion vibration absorber, and the other end is connected with becoming mould drum housing；Described change mould drum housing is fixed on drive system shell；Described change mould cross bar two ends are inserted on drive system shell.
null2. the change mould actuator of a kind of automobile-used Multiple modes coupling drive system according to claim 1，It is characterized in that，Described change mould drum is provided with two 360 degree annulars and becomes mould groove and a stopper slot，Described change mould groove contacts with becoming mould driving lever，Described stopper slot is opened on the change mould drum of deep change mould drum base portion，Described stopper slot has: the neutral spacing hole corresponding with neutral gear position、The a left side centralized spacing hole corresponding with the centralized drive pattern in a left side、The double; two centralized spacing hole corresponding with double; two centralized drive patterns、The right side centralized spacing hole corresponding with the centralized drive pattern in the right side、The distributed spacing hole corresponding with distributed drive pattern，Control one respectively during described two change mould groove work and become mould driving lever，The attainable gear order of cooperating is: neutral、Left centralized gear、Double; two centralized gears、Right centralized gear、Neutral、Distributed gear.
3. the change mould actuator of a kind of automobile-used Multiple modes coupling drive system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, equipped with limit spring and spacing steel ball on described change mould drum housing, described limit spring is corresponding with the position of the stopper slot become on mould drum with the position of spacing steel ball, described spacing steel ball can slide in stopper slot, and the neutral spacing hole being used for and becoming on mould drum, left concentration spacing hole, double; two centralized spacing hole, right centralized spacing hole, distributed spacing hole match provides change mold lock to stop power.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610236957.5A CN105799485B (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2016-04-15 | A kind of Bian Mo executing agencies of automobile-used Multiple modes coupling drive system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610236957.5A CN105799485B (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2016-04-15 | A kind of Bian Mo executing agencies of automobile-used Multiple modes coupling drive system |
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| CN105799485A true CN105799485A (en) | 2016-07-27 |
| CN105799485B CN105799485B (en) | 2018-10-16 |
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| CN201610236957.5A Active CN105799485B (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2016-04-15 | A kind of Bian Mo executing agencies of automobile-used Multiple modes coupling drive system |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106515418A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-03-22 | 上海中科深江电动车辆有限公司 | Gear shifting mechanism and hybrid power device |
| CN106585356A (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2017-04-26 | 上海中科深江电动车辆有限公司 | Hybrid power device and operation method thereof |
| CN108131447A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-08 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | A kind of double-clutch automatic gearbox gear shifting actuating mechanism |
| CN109017439A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-12-18 | 燕山大学 | A kind of pure electric automobile Two-mode Coupling driving control system and control method |
| CN109578512A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-05 | 湖北三环离合器有限公司 | A kind of crankshaft torsion damper |
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| CN104246319A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2014-12-24 | 麦格纳动力系有限两合公司 | Hybrid transmission |
| CN204226621U (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-03-25 | 唐海滨 | A kind of mixed power speed variator system |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106515418A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-03-22 | 上海中科深江电动车辆有限公司 | Gear shifting mechanism and hybrid power device |
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| CN106585356B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-12-25 | 上海中科深江电动车辆有限公司 | Mixed power plant and its control method |
| CN108131447A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-08 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | A kind of double-clutch automatic gearbox gear shifting actuating mechanism |
| CN109017439A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-12-18 | 燕山大学 | A kind of pure electric automobile Two-mode Coupling driving control system and control method |
| CN109017439B (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2021-09-14 | 燕山大学 | Pure electric vehicle dual-mode coupling driving control system and control method |
| CN109578512A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-05 | 湖北三环离合器有限公司 | A kind of crankshaft torsion damper |
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|---|---|
| CN105799485B (en) | 2018-10-16 |
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Effective date of registration: 20210618 Address after: 016000 rooms 301 and 302, 3rd floor, management committee of Wuda Industrial Park, Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Patentee after: Wuhai haiyitong Yinlong New Energy Automobile Co.,Ltd. Address before: 066004 No. 438 west section of Hebei Avenue, seaport District, Hebei, Qinhuangdao Patentee before: Yanshan University |