CN105798214B - A kind of method that round bar multi-ram forging shapes turbine blade - Google Patents
A kind of method that round bar multi-ram forging shapes turbine blade Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that round bar multi-ram forging shapes turbine blade, it is adaptable to the thermoforming manufacture of vanelets forging.Main technological steps are：1) pole shape blank is integrally heated to more than austenite transformation temperature；2) mould is constituted by upper die and lower die, leaf head punch, blade root drift, drift is first run into given position during starting, blank is placed on drift positioning boss, then upper and lower mould closure, shapes blade portion；3) leaf head punch, blade root drift move toward one another, shaping leaf top and leaf root part.Present invention, avoiding base and preform process, it is not necessary to prepares special piece pre-forming die, it is adaptable to thermoforming of vanelets forging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the process that a kind of round bar multi-ram forging shapes turbine blade, be particularly suitable for use in vanelets
The multi-ram forging manufacture of forging, belongs to advanced material forming technique field.
Background technology
Steam turbine is widely used in all departments of social economy, and blade is the most part of quantity in steam turbine, is adapted to batch
Amount production.Blade changes the effect for playing key to energy, is steam turbine " heart " parts, performance requirement is high, therefore blade
Production is adapted to the process meanses using die forging.Typical blade construction is made up of blade root, blade, the part of leaf top 3.Blade is according to it
Steam output side length is classified, length<500mm belongs to vanelets, and 500~1000mm of length belongs to Leaf, and length 1000~
1500mm belongs to big blade, and 1500~1880mm of length belongs to especially big blade, length>1880mm belongs to super large blade.Due to life
The limitation of production level and capacity of equipment, the traditional mode of production mode of vanelets forging mainly has two kinds：1) unidirectional die forging, the technique hand
Section production blade forging needs experience base, preform and whole forming process, and advantage is that allowance is small, has the disadvantage heating fire
Many, the production cycle is long, and number of molds is more, and cost is high；2) open die forging, the technique is to obtain envelope blade profile by open die forging
Square forging stock, then blade part is obtained by machining, advantage is that technique is simple, has the disadvantage that production environment is poor, stock utilization
Low, long processing time, forging cleanliness is poor, hydraulic performance decline.
The content of the invention
In order to solve, the unidirectional die forging manufacturing process process of vanelets is various and open die forging manufacturing process stock utilization is low
Problem, the invention provides the process that a kind of use pole shape blank multi-ram forging shapes vanelets, it is adaptable to highly small
In the figuration manufacture of 500mm vanelets forging.The blade forging manufactured by this method, allowance is small, and streamline is complete,
Good integrity.
Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of method that round bar multi-ram forging shapes turbine blade, including will circle
The step of bar-shaped fire of blank one is heated to more than austenite transformation temperature, and the pole shape blank heated is placed into mould
It is upper to carry out the step of once multidirectional hot forging shapes.
Realized especially by following steps：
1) according to the unidirectional surplus of blade part G- Design blade, wherein close to the unidirectional surplus in blade section of leaf root part
Small, the unidirectional surplus in blade section close to leaf top is big, and surplus is moderate at remaining, and forging drawing is drawn accordingly, is built using three-dimensional
Mould software sets up the three-dimensional model of blade forging；
2) under forging drawing coordinate system, using X-axis, Y-axis as blade profile datum line, cross origin and make forging steam output side in the second quadrant
The tangent line of projection line, obtains the tangent line and the angle α 1 of X-axis, and forging steam output side projection line in fourth quadrant is made after origin
Tangent line, obtains the tangent line and the angle α 2 of X-axis, and calculating obtains α=(α 1+ α 2)/2；
3) 3 D stereo rectangular module is set up under same modeling software, module height is highly identical with forging, forging
Length and width border of each section away from module is all higher than 150mm；
4) occur by blade forging figure by being cut off behind rotate counterclockwise α angles to rectangular module, inside rectangular module with
The identical impression structure of blade forging, it is horizontal-extending by rectangular mold with the corresponding edge wheel profile of blade impression vertical projection
Block is divided into two parts, referred to as upper die and lower die, and steam admission side part is upper mould, and steam output side part is lower mould；
5) leaf head punch is designed, the end surface shape of leaf head punch is identical with forging leaf top shape, leaf head punch
Contrate wheel profile it is smaller than forging leaf top end face contour line；
6) blade root drift is designed, the end surface shape of blade root drift is identical with forging leaf root part shape, blade root drift
Contrate wheel profile it is smaller than forging blade root end profile line；
7) selection section is that circular bar is blank, is divided into 3 sections by forging length direction, wherein, the Ith section is shaping leaf
Top, the IIth section is shaping blade portion, and the IIIth section is shaping leaf root part, and length is designated as L respectivelyⅡ、LⅡ、LIII；
8) according to blade portion forging volume VⅡ, height HⅡWith overlap sump volume VFly, calculate the diameter D, D of pole shape blank
=(((VⅡ+VFly)/HⅡ)×4/π)1/2, wherein VⅡ、HⅡ、VFlyCalculated by the 3 d modeling software for setting up blade forging；
9) according to leaf top forging volume VⅠWith step 10) the middle bar diameter D calculating leaves top forging institute calculated
Need charge length LⅠ=4VⅠ/πD2, similarly according to leaf root part forging volume VⅢCharge length L needed for seeking leaf root part forgingⅢ=
4VⅢ/πD2；Wherein VⅠ、VⅢCalculated by the 3 d modeling software for setting up blade forging；
10) a pole blank is prepared by above-mentioned result of calculation, a diameter of D, total length is L, L=LⅠ+LⅡ+LⅢ；
11) mould is collectively constituted by upper die and lower die, leaf head punch, blade root drift, during shaping, first by leaf head punch, blade root
Drift lateral impression move toward one another outside mould along lower mould upper surface, leaf head punch run to away from blade impression distance be LⅠ, leaf
Root drift run to away from blade impression distance be LⅢWhen stop；
12) blank is integrally heated to austenite transformation temperature Ac3More than, then quickly it is positioned over leaf head punch, blade root
On the positioning boss of drift；
13) mould is moved downward, is closed with lower mould；
14) after mould closure, leaf head punch, blade root drift do move toward one another, and leaf head punch move distance is SⅠ=LⅠ-HⅠ,
Blade root drift move distance is SⅢ=LⅢ-HⅢ, wherein HⅠFor leaf upset part height, HⅢFor blade root forging highly, after motion in place
Stop, forging is natural shaped.
Wherein, the unidirectional surplus of the blade is 1.5mm~3.5mm, wherein the blade section close to leaf root part is unidirectionally remaining
Amount is close to 1.5mm, and the unidirectional surplus in blade section close to leaf top is close to 3.5mm, and forging surplus is taken as approaching at remaining
2.5mm。
Flash gutters can be designed in the blade portion of upper and lower mould impression.
Speed when the upper mould is moved downward is preferably 50~80mm/s.
After the upper and lower mould closure, leaf head punch, blade root drift do move toward one another, and movement velocity is preferably 30~50mm/
s。
The supporting surface of the positioning boss of the leaf head punch and the positioning boss of blade root drift, is above the lower mould impression
The peak of curved surface is preferably.
The contrate wheel profile of the leaf head punch is compared with forging leaf top end face contour line, respectively to inside contracting 0.1~0.2mm
Preferably；The contrate wheel profile of the blade root drift is compared with forging blade root end profile line, respectively to also inside contracting 0.1~0.2mm
Preferably.
The present invention can be less than 500mm vanelets with working height.The present invention using the unidirectional contour forging technique of tradition with being manufactured
Vanelets forging is compared, and there is advantages below：
(1) process of shaping blade forging is reduced to the step die forging of bar one by the present invention by base, preform and whole shaping
Shaping, it is to avoid material and energy resource consumption that many fire time heating are caused, realizes that short route is manufactured.
(2) present invention need not prepare piece pre-forming die, reduce die layout space and manufacturing cost.
(3) production process is reduced, product quality controllability is improved.
In summary, the present invention is especially suitable for the figuration manufacture of vanelets forging.Other features and advantages of the present invention
To illustrate in the following description, also, it is partial become apparent from specification, or by implement the present invention and
Understand.The purpose of the present invention and other advantages can be by being referred in particular in the specification, claims and accompanying drawing write
The structure gone out is realized and obtained.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of blade forging；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of blade forging and module axis angle；
Fig. 3 is the combination diagram of blank and mould before multi-ram forging starts；
Fig. 4 be multi-ram forging at the end of mould schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The present invention once heats the process of die-forging forming steam turbine vanelets forging using pole shape blank, by with
Lower step is realized：
(1) according to blade part G- Design forging drawing, the unidirectional surplus of design blade is 1.5mm~3.5mm, wherein close to leaf
The unidirectional surplus in blade section of root portion is close to 1.5mm, preferably 1.5mm, the unidirectional surplus in blade section close to leaf top
Close to 3.5mm, preferably 3.5mm, forging surplus can be taken as, close to 2.5mm, preferably 2.5mm, forging being drawn accordingly at remaining
Part figure, as shown in figure 1, setting up the three-dimensional stereo model of blade forging using modeling software；
(2) under forging drawing coordinate system, using X-axis, Y-axis as blade profile datum line, cross the origin of coordinates and make forging in the second quadrant
The tangent line of steam output side projection line, obtains the tangent line and the angle α 1 of X-axis, makees forging steam output side in fourth quadrant after origin and throws
The tangent line of hachure, obtains the tangent line and the angle α 2 of X-axis, and calculating obtains α=(α 1+ α 2)/2；
(3) 3 D stereo rectangular module is set up under same modeling software, the module height is highly identical with forging,
The length and width of module is determined according to forging sectional dimension, it is desirable to which length and width border of each section of forging away from module is all higher than 150mm；
(4) blade forging figure is pressed after rotated counterclockwise by angle α, rectangular module cut off by figure after rotation, such as
Shown in Fig. 2, occur and the identical impression structure of blade forging inside rectangular module after excision, with blade impression vertical projection
Corresponding edge wheel profile is horizontal-extending to be divided into two parts, referred to as upper die and lower die (as shown in Figure 3), steam admission side by rectangular module
Part is upper mould, and steam output side part is lower mould；
, can be in upper and lower mould blade portion to ensure that the part impression is full of because blade portion forging forming difficulty is big
Impression at design flash gutters, flash gutters bridge portion and storehouse portion are designed according to blade sectional dimension.Upper die and lower die flash gutters
For：Bridge portion 1~2mm of depth, width 10mm；Storehouse portion width is no less than 10mm, is highly 3~5mm.
(5) leaf head punch is designed, the end surface shape of leaf head punch is identical with forging leaf top end face shape, simply with forging
Part leaf top end face contour line is compared, and the contrate wheel profile of leaf head punch is each to inside contract 0.1~0.2mm to all synchronous, in favor of drift
Can smoothly it be moved after upper and lower mould matched moulds；
(6) blade root drift is designed, the end surface shape of blade root drift is identical with forging blade root end surface shape, simply with forging
Part blade root end profile line is compared, and the contrate wheel profile of blade root drift is each to 0.1~0.2mm is all inside contracted, equally in favor of drift
Can smoothly it be moved after upper and lower mould matched moulds；
(7) slab selection is that cross sectional shape is circular bar, by being divided into 3 sections on forging length direction, wherein, I section is
Leaf top forging is shaped, II section is shaping blade portion forging, and III section is shaping leaf root part forging, wherein II segment length LⅡ
For blade portion forging length；
(8) according to blade portion forging volume VⅡ, height HⅡWith overlap sump volume VFly, the diameter D of pole shape blank is calculated,
D=(((VⅡ+VFly)/HⅡ)×4/π)1/2, VⅡ、HⅡ、VFlyIt can be calculated by the 3 d modeling software for setting up blade forging；
(9) according to leaf top forging volume VⅠLeaf top forging is calculated with the bar diameter D calculated in step (10)
Required charge length LⅠ=4VⅠ/πD2, similarly according to leaf root part forging volume VⅢCharge length L needed for seeking leaf root part forgingⅢ
=4VⅢ/πD2；VⅠ、VⅢIt can be calculated by the 3 d modeling software for setting up blade forging；
(10) a smooth pole blank is prepared, a diameter of D, total length is L, L=LⅠ+LⅡ+LⅢ；
(11) as shown in figure 3, collectively constituting mould by upper mould 1, lower mould 2, leaf head punch 3, blade root drift 4, during shaping, first
By leaf head punch 3, blade root drift 4 along the lower upper surface of mould 2 the lateral impression move toward one another outside mould, leaf head punch 3 operation to away from
Blade impression distance is LⅠ, blade root drift 4 operation to away from blade impression distance be LⅢWhen stop, leaf head punch and blade root drift fortune
When dynamic, upper and lower mould is in die opening state；
(12) entirety of blank 5 is heated to austenite transformation temperature Ac3More than, then quickly it is positioned over the He of leaf head punch 3
On positioning boss 3-1,4-1 of blade root drift 4, blank bottom is lower mould 2, and top is upper mould, as shown in Figure 3；
(13) move downward mould 1, closed with lower mould 2, movement velocity is 50~80mm/s；
(14) after mould closure, leaf head punch 3, blade root drift 4 do move toward one another (most preferably constant speed), and movement velocity is 30
~50mm/s, leaf head punch move distance is SⅠ=LⅠ-HⅠ, blade root drift move distance is SⅢ=LⅢ-HⅢ, wherein HⅠFor leaf top
Forging height, HⅢFor blade root forging height, it can be calculated by the 3 d modeling software for setting up blade forging, motion stops afterwards in place
Only, forging is natural shaped, as shown in Figure 4.
In above-mentioned, when designing the positioning boss 3-1 of leaf head punch and blade root drift positioning boss 4-1, boss support
Face is higher than the peak 2-1 of lower mould impression curved surface, to ensure that blank lower edge is higher than lower mould impression curved surface, it is to avoid interference.It is preferred that
Ground, for circular groove shape concave surface preferably, circular groove diameter is slightly larger than blank diameter to the table top of the positioning boss, and circle is easy in circular groove shape concave surface
Firmly seat is located on table top rod blank.
It is α that forging center line, which is designed, with module centers wire clamp angle, and the die joint A of the upper and lower mould of mould is perpendicular to module side
The outer extended surface of the forging blade contour line in face, as shown in Figure 4.
Preferably before die forging starts, in the die forging of mould impression surface smear with lubricator, make that material flowing is uniform, be easy to fill
Full mould impression.
At present, in the unidirectional die forging manufacturing process of vanelets, have the shortcomings that process is lengthy and tedious and die cost is high；Open die forging
In manufacturing process, there is that stock utilization is low, the shortcoming of machining time length.Utilize this technique, a fire time thermoforming, forging
Make surplus and can reach micron order die forging level, blade one side surplus is 1.5mm~3.5mm, on the one hand solves unidirectional die forging many
Fiery heating, the problem of process is various, on the other hand solve that forging surplus in open die forging manufacture is big, long processing time ask
Topic.The present invention with being using the advantage compared with traditional free forging process manufacture vanelets forging：Cutting output is small, and stock utilization is carried
Height, the process-cycle shortens.(2) streamline of product is complete, good mechanical performance.(3) die forging product stability is good.(4) life is improved
Production condition, it is easy to accomplish clean manufacturing.
Above-described embodiment has been only exemplified by the manufacture processing of vanelets forging, also may be used for other specification blade forgings
Capable.Change the shape of mould impression curved surface, leaf head punch and blade root drift, it is possible to achieve different size blade forging it is multidirectional
Die forging is manufactured.What deserves to be explained is, the present invention preferably embodiment is the foregoing is only, it is all without departing from the technology of the present invention
Plan content or the technical side of any simple modification, equivalent substitution or the equivalent transformation formation made according to core technology of the present invention
Case, all should be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method that round bar multi-ram forging shapes turbine blade, it is characterised in that：Including pole shape blank one is fiery
It is secondary the step of be heated to more than austenite transformation temperature, and the pole shape blank heated is placed on mould carry out once it is many
The step of being shaped to hot forging；
The method of the round bar multi-ram forging shaping turbine blade is realized by following steps：
1) according to the unidirectional surplus of blade part G- Design blade, wherein the unidirectional surplus in blade section close to leaf root part is small, lean on
The unidirectional surplus in blade section at nearly leaf top is big, and surplus is moderate at remaining, and forging drawing is drawn accordingly, utilizes 3 d modeling software
Set up the three-dimensional model of blade forging；
2) under forging drawing coordinate system, using X-axis, Y-axis as blade profile datum line, cross origin and make forging steam output side projection in the second quadrant
The tangent line of line, obtains the tangent line and the angle α 1 of X-axis, and cutting for forging steam output side projection line in fourth quadrant is made after origin
Line, obtains the tangent line and the angle α 2 of X-axis, and calculating obtains α=(α 1+ α 2)/2；
3) 3 D stereo rectangular module is set up under same modeling software, module height is highly identical with forging, each section of forging
The length and width border of identity distance module is all higher than 150mm；
4) blade forging figure is occurred and blade by being cut off behind rotate counterclockwise α angles to rectangular module inside rectangular module
The identical impression structure of forging, it is horizontal-extending by rectangular module point with the corresponding edge wheel profile of blade impression vertical projection
For two parts, steam admission side part is upper mould, and steam output side part is lower mould；
5) leaf head punch is designed, the end surface shape of leaf head punch is identical with forging leaf top shape, the end of leaf head punch
Facial contour line is smaller than forging leaf top end face contour line；
6) blade root drift is designed, the end surface shape of blade root drift is identical with forging leaf root part shape, the end of blade root drift
Facial contour line is smaller than forging blade root end profile line；
7) selection section is that circular bar is blank, is divided into 3 sections by forging length direction, wherein, the Ith section is shaping leaf top
Point, the IIth section is shaping blade portion, and the IIIth section is shaping leaf root part, and charge length needed for the forging of leaf top is designated as LI,
Charge length needed for blade portion forging is designated as LⅡ, charge length needed for leaf root part forging is designated as LIII；
8) according to blade portion forging volume VⅡ, height HⅡWith overlap sump volume VFly, calculate the diameter D, D=of pole shape blank
(((VⅡ+VFly)/HⅡ)×4/π)1/2, wherein VⅡ、HⅡ、VFlyCalculated by the 3 d modeling software for setting up blade forging；
9) according to leaf top forging volume VⅠWith step 8) in the diameter D of pole shape blank that calculates calculate leaf top forging
Required charge length LⅠ=4VⅠ/πD2, similarly according to blade portion forging volume VIISeek charge length needed for blade portion forging
LII=4VII/πD2, according to leaf root part forging volume VⅢCharge length L needed for seeking leaf root part forgingⅢ=4VⅢ/πD2；Wherein
VⅠ、VⅢCalculated by the 3 d modeling software for setting up blade forging；
10) a pole blank is prepared by above-mentioned result of calculation, a diameter of D, total length is L, L=LⅠ+LⅡ+LⅢ；
11) mould is collectively constituted by upper die and lower die, leaf head punch, blade root drift, during shaping, first by leaf head punch, blade root drift
Along lower mould upper surface outside mould lateral impression move toward one another, leaf head punch run to away from blade impression distance be LⅠ, blade root punching
Head operation is L extremely away from blade impression distanceⅢWhen stop；
12) blank is integrally heated to more than austenite transformation temperature, is then quickly positioned over leaf head punch, blade root drift and determines
On the boss of position；
13) mould is moved downward, is closed with lower mould；
14) after mould closure, leaf head punch, blade root drift do move toward one another, and leaf head punch move distance is SⅠ=LⅠ-HⅠ, blade root
Drift move distance is SⅢ=LⅢ-HⅢ, wherein HⅠFor leaf upset part height, HⅢFor blade root forging height, motion stops afterwards in place,
Forging is natural shaped.
2. the method that round bar multi-ram forging according to claim 1 shapes turbine blade, it is characterised in that：The leaf
The unidirectional surplus of body is 1.5mm~3.5mm, wherein close to leaf root part the unidirectional surplus in blade section close to 1.5mm, close to leaf top
The partial unidirectional surplus in blade section is close to 3.5mm, and forging surplus is taken as close to 2.5mm at remaining.
3. the method that round bar multi-ram forging according to claim 1 shapes turbine blade, it is characterised in that：On described
Speed when mould is moved downward is 50~80mm/s.
4. the method that round bar multi-ram forging according to claim 1 shapes turbine blade, it is characterised in that：It is described
After upper and lower mould closure, leaf head punch, blade root drift do move toward one another, and movement velocity is 30~50mm/s.
5. the method that round bar multi-ram forging according to claim 1 shapes turbine blade, it is characterised in that：The leaf
The supporting surface of the positioning boss of head punch and the positioning boss of blade root drift, is above the peak of the lower mould impression curved surface.
6. round bar multi-ram forging shapes the method for turbine blade according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterised in that：Institute
The contrate wheel profile of leaf head punch is stated compared with forging leaf top end face contour line, respectively to inside contracting 0.1~0.2mm；The blade root
The contrate wheel profile of drift is compared with forging blade root end profile line, respectively to also inside contracting 0.1~0.2mm.
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| CN106670365B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-10-02 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | A kind of big blade forging surplus compensation method |
| CN109940122B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-07-07 | 吉林大学 | Near-net forming method for split type axle box body of standard motor train unit |
| CN110883287B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-04-16 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Multi-directional upset forging blank design method based on horizontal forging machine |
| CN112045133A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-08 | 无锡航亚科技股份有限公司 | Blade finish forge multiple step blanking die holder |
| CN115383029A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-25 | 中冶重工（唐山）有限公司 | Multidirectional die forging die for coupler knuckle forging of railway locomotive and forming process of multidirectional die forging die |
| CN116000233B (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-06-20 | 江苏大洋精锻有限公司 | Forging stamping die for automobile transmission shaft |
| CN116237451B (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-07-18 | 无锡市雪浪合金科技有限公司 | Forging forming and processing device and processing method thereof |
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| CN100416043C (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2008-09-03 | 斯奈克玛马达公司 | Method for producing hollow blade for turbine engine |
| CN101791671B (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-08-17 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Precision forging method of titanium alloy blade |
| JP5802972B2 (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2015-11-04 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Turbine blade manufacturing method |
| CN102756063B (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-09-03 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Manufacturing method of blade type product die forging clot |
| CN103586391B (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2015-07-15 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Extrusion forming method for blade made of GH2787 high-temperature alloy |
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