CN105798214A - Method for forming turbine blade through round bar multi-directional die forging - Google Patents
Method for forming turbine blade through round bar multi-directional die forging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forming a turbine blade through round bar multi-directional die forging. The method is suitable for manufacturing small blade forgings through one time of heating and forming. The method comprises the main process steps that (1) a whole round bar blank is heated to a temperature higher than the austenitic transformation temperature; (2) a die is formed by an upper die body, a lower die body, a blade top punch and a blade root punch, the punches are operated to given positions at first, the blank is placed on a punch positioning boss, and then the upper die body and the lower die body are assembled to form a blade body part; and (3) the blade top punch and the blade root punch move oppositely to form a blade top part and a blade root part. The blank forming and preforming procedures are avoided, a special preforming die does not need to be prepared, and the method is suitable for one time of heating and forming of the small blade forgings.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of round bar multi-ram forging and shape the process of turbine blade, be particularly suited for the multi-ram forging manufacture of vanelets forging, belong to advanced material forming technique field.
Background technology
Steam turbine is widely used in all departments of social economy, and blade is the part that in steam turbine, quantity is maximum, is suitable for batch production.Energy conversion is played the effect of key by blade, is steam turbine " heart " parts, and performance requirement is high, therefore blade produces the process means being suitable for adopting die forging.Typical blade construction is made up of blade root, blade, leaf top 3 part.Blade is classified according to its steam output side length, and length<500mm belongs to vanelets, and length 500～1000mm belongs to Leaf, and length 1000～1500mm belongs to big blade, and length 1500～1880mm belongs to especially big blade, length>1880mm belongs to super large blade.Restriction due to the level of production and capacity of equipment, the traditional mode of production mode of vanelets forging mainly has two kinds: 1) unidirectional die forging, this process means produces blade forging needs experience base, preform and whole forming process, advantage is that allowance is little, shortcoming be add showing tremendous enthusiasm time many, production cycle is long, and number of molds is many, and cost is high；2) open die forging, this technique is to be obtained the square forging stock of envelope blade profile by open die forging, obtains blade part again through machining, advantage is that technique is simple, and shortcoming is that production environment is poor, and stock utilization is low, long processing time, forging cleanliness is poor, hydraulic performance decline.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem that vanelets unidirectional die forging manufacturing process operation is various and open die forging manufacturing process stock utilization is low, the invention provides a kind of process adopting pole shape blank multi-ram forging to shape vanelets, it is adaptable to the figuration manufacture of the height vanelets forging less than 500mm.The blade forging manufactured by this method, allowance is little, and streamline is complete, good integrity.
Technical scheme is as follows: a kind of round bar multi-ram forging shapes the method for turbine blade, including pole shape blank one fire being heated to austenite transformation temperature above step, and heated pole shape blank is placed on mould and carries out once the step that multidirectional hot forging shapes.
Realize especially by following steps:
1) according to the blade part unidirectional surplus of G-Design blade, wherein little near the unidirectional surplus in blade cross section of leaf root part, big near the unidirectional surplus in blade cross section of leaf top portion, all the other place's surpluses are moderate, draw forging drawing accordingly, utilize 3 d modeling software to set up the stereomodel of blade forging；
2) under forging drawing coordinate system, with X-axis, Y-axis for blade profile datum line, cross initial point and make the tangent line of forging steam output side projection line in the second quadrant, obtain the angle α 1 of described tangent line and X-axis, the tangent line of forging steam output side projection line in fourth quadrant is made after initial point, obtain the angle α 2 of described tangent line and X-axis, calculate and obtain α=(α 1+ α 2)/2；
3) setting up 3 D stereo rectangular module under same modeling software, module height is identical with forging height, and the length and width border from module, the forging each cross section is all higher than 150mm；
4) rectangular module is excised by blade forging figure by behind rotation alpha angle counterclockwise, rectangular module is internal to be occurred and the identical impression structure of blade forging, so that edge wheel profile that blade impression vertical projection is corresponding is horizontal-extending, rectangular module is divided into two parts, it is called upper die and lower die, steam admission side part is upper mould, and steam output side part is counterdie；
5) design leaf head punch, the end surface shape of leaf head punch is identical with forging leaf top portion shape, and the contrate wheel profile of leaf head punch is less than forging leaf top end face contour line；
6) design blade root drift, the end surface shape of blade root drift is identical with forging leaf root part shape, and the contrate wheel profile of blade root drift is less than forging root end facial contour line；
7) bar selecting cross section to be circular is blank, is divided into 3 sections by forging length direction, and wherein, the Ith section is shape leaf top portion, and the IIth section is shape blade portion, and the IIIth section is shaping leaf root part, and length is designated as L respectivelyⅡ、LⅡ、LIII；
8) according to blade portion forging volume VⅡ, height HⅡWith flash gutters volume VFly, calculate diameter D, the D=(((V of pole shape blankⅡ+VFly)/HⅡ)×4/π)1/2, wherein VⅡ、HⅡ、VFlyCalculated by the 3 d modeling software setting up blade forging；
9) according to leaf top portion forging volume VⅠWith step 10) in the bar diameter D that calculates calculate charge length L needed for leaf top portion forgingⅠ=4VⅠ/πD2, in like manner according to leaf root part forging volume VⅢSeek charge length L needed for leaf root part forgingⅢ=4VⅢ/πD2；Wherein VⅠ、VⅢCalculated by the 3 d modeling software setting up blade forging；
10) preparing a pole blank by above-mentioned result of calculation, diameter is D, and total length is L, L=LⅠ+LⅡ+LⅢ；
11) being collectively constituted mould by upper die and lower die, leaf head punch, blade root drift, during shaping, first by leaf head punch, blade root drift along counterdie upper surface from mould lateral impression move toward one another, leaf head punch runs to being L from blade impression distanceⅠ, blade root drift runs to being L from blade impression distanceⅢIn time, stops；
12) by blank entirety heating to austenite transformation temperature Ac3Above, then quickly it is positioned on the positioning boss of leaf head punch, blade root drift；
13) make mould move downward, close with counterdie；
14), after mould Guan Bi, leaf head punch, blade root drift do move toward one another, and leaf head punch move distance is SⅠ=LⅠ-HⅠ, blade root drift move distance is SⅢ=LⅢ-HⅢ, wherein HⅠFor leaf upset part height, HⅢFor blade root forging height, motion stops after putting in place, and forging is natural shaped.
Wherein, the unidirectional surplus of described blade is 1.5mm～3.5mm, and wherein near the unidirectional surplus in blade cross section of leaf root part close to 1.5mm, the unidirectional surplus in blade cross section of close leaf top portion is close to 3.5mm, and all the other place's forging surpluses are taken as close to 2.5mm.
Flash gutters can be designed at the blade portion of upper and lower mould impression.
Speed when described upper mould moves downward is preferably 50～80mm/s.
After described upper and lower mould Guan Bi, leaf head punch, blade root drift do move toward one another, and movement velocity is preferably 30～50mm/s.
The supporting surface of the positioning boss of described leaf head punch and the positioning boss of blade root drift, is above the peak of described counterdie impression curved surface as well.
The contrate wheel profile of described leaf head punch is compared with forging leaf top end face contour line, respectively to all inside contracting 0.1～0.2mm as well；The contrate wheel profile of described blade root drift is compared with forging root end facial contour line, respectively to also all inside contracting 0.1～0.2mm as well.
The present invention can the working height vanelets less than 500mm.Compared with adopting traditional unidirectional contour forging technique manufacture vanelets forging, there is advantages below in the present invention:
(1) operation of shaping blade forging by base, preform and is shaped eventually and is reduced to bar one step die-forging forming by the present invention, it is to avoid material that many fire time heating causes and energy resource consumption, it is achieved short route manufacture.
(2) present invention need not prepare piece pre-forming die, decreases die layout space and manufacturing cost.
(3) reducing production process, product quality controllability improves.
In sum, the present invention is especially suitable for the figuration manufacture of vanelets forging.Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and, becoming apparent from description of part, or understand by implementing the present invention.The purpose of the present invention and other advantages can be realized by structure specifically noted in the description write, claims and accompanying drawing and be obtained.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of blade forging；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of blade forging and module axis angle；
Fig. 3 is the combination schematic diagram that multi-ram forging starts front blank and mould；
Fig. 4 is multi-ram forging schematic diagram of mould when terminating.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
The present invention adopts pole shape blank once to heat the process of die-forging forming steam turbine vanelets forging, is realized by following steps:
(1) according to blade part G-Design forging drawing, the design unidirectional surplus of blade is 1.5mm～3.5mm, wherein near the unidirectional surplus in blade cross section of leaf root part close to 1.5mm, it is desirable to for 1.5mm, near the unidirectional surplus in blade cross section of leaf top portion close to 3.5mm, it is preferably 3.5mm, all the other place's forging surpluses all can be taken as close to 2.5mm, it is desirable to for 2.5mm, draws forging drawing accordingly, as it is shown in figure 1, utilize modeling software to set up the three-dimensional stereo model of blade forging；
(2) under forging drawing coordinate system, with X-axis, Y-axis for blade profile datum line, cross zero and make the tangent line of forging steam output side projection line in the second quadrant, obtain the angle α 1 of described tangent line and X-axis, the tangent line of forging steam output side projection line in fourth quadrant is made after initial point, obtain the angle α 2 of described tangent line and X-axis, calculate and obtain α=(α 1+ α 2)/2；
(3) setting up 3 D stereo rectangular module under same modeling software, described module height is identical with forging height, and the length and width of module is determined according to forging sectional dimension, it is desirable to the length and width border from module, the forging each cross section is all higher than 150mm；
(4) after blade forging figure being pressed rotated counterclockwise by angle α, rectangular module is excised by figure after rotating, as shown in Figure 2, after excision, rectangular module is internal occurs and the identical impression structure of blade forging, so that edge wheel profile that blade impression vertical projection is corresponding is horizontal-extending, rectangular module is divided into two parts, being called upper die and lower die (as shown in Figure 3), steam admission side part is upper mould, and steam output side part is counterdie；
Owing to blade portion forging forming difficulty is big, for ensureing that this part impression is full of, it is possible to design flash gutters at the impression place of upper and lower mould blade portion, design flash gutters bridge portion and storehouse portion according to blade sectional dimension.Upper die and lower die flash gutters can be all: the bridge portion degree of depth 1～2mm, width 10mm；Storehouse portion width, no less than 10mm, is highly 3～5mm.
(5) design leaf head punch, the end surface shape of leaf head punch is identical with forging leaf top end face shape, simply compared with forging leaf top end face contour line, the contrate wheel profile of leaf head punch respectively inside contracts 0.1～0.2mm to all synchronizing, and is beneficial to drift and can move smoothly after upper and lower mould matched moulds；
(6) design blade root drift, the end surface shape of blade root drift is identical with forging blade root end surface shape, simply compared with forging root end facial contour line, the contrate wheel profile of blade root drift, respectively to all inside contracting 0.1～0.2mm, is beneficial to drift equally and can move smoothly after upper and lower mould matched moulds；
(7) slab selection to be cross sectional shape be circular bar, by forging length direction is divided into 3 sections, wherein, I section for shaping leaf top portion forging, II section for shaping blade portion forging, III section for shaping leaf root part forging, wherein II segment length LⅡFor blade portion forging length；
(8) according to blade portion forging volume VⅡ, height HⅡWith flash gutters volume VFly, calculate diameter D, the D=(((V of pole shape blankⅡ+VFly)/HⅡ)×4/π)1/2, VⅡ、HⅡ、VFlyCan be calculated by the 3 d modeling software setting up blade forging；
(9) according to leaf top portion forging volume VⅠWith charge length L needed for the bar diameter D calculating leaf top portion forging calculated in step (10)Ⅰ=4VⅠ/πD2, in like manner according to leaf root part forging volume VⅢSeek charge length L needed for leaf root part forgingⅢ=4VⅢ/πD2；VⅠ、VⅢCan be calculated by the 3 d modeling software setting up blade forging；
(10) preparing a smooth pole blank, diameter is D, and total length is L, L=LⅠ+LⅡ+LⅢ；
(11) as shown in Figure 3, mould is collectively constituted by upper mould 1, counterdie 2, leaf head punch 3, blade root drift 4, during shaping, first by leaf head punch 3, blade root drift 4 along counterdie 2 upper surface from mould lateral impression move toward one another, leaf head punch 3 runs to being L from blade impression distanceⅠ, blade root drift 4 runs to being L from blade impression distanceⅢIn time, stops, and when leaf head punch and the motion of blade root drift, upper and lower mould is in die opening state；
(12) by overall for blank 5 heating to austenite transformation temperature Ac3Above, being then quickly positioned on positioning boss 3-1,4-1 of leaf head punch 3 and blade root drift 4, blank bottom is counterdie 2, is arranged above mould, as shown in Figure 3；
(13) making mould 1 move downward, close with counterdie 2, movement velocity is 50～80mm/s；
(14), after mould Guan Bi, leaf head punch 3, blade root drift 4 do move toward one another (best for constant speed), and movement velocity is 30～50mm/s, and leaf head punch move distance is SⅠ=LⅠ-HⅠ, blade root drift move distance is SⅢ=LⅢ-HⅢ, wherein HⅠFor leaf upset part height, HⅢFor blade root forging height, can calculating the 3 d modeling software setting up blade forging, motion stops after putting in place, and forging is natural shaped, as shown in Figure 4.
In above-mentioned, when designing the positioning boss 4-1 of the positioning boss 3-1 of leaf head punch and blade root drift, boss supporting surface is higher than the peak 2-1 of counterdie impression curved surface, to ensure that blank lower limb is higher than counterdie impression curved surface, it is to avoid interfere.Preferably, the table top of described positioning boss be circular groove shape concave surface as well, circular groove diameter is slightly larger than blank diameter, and circular groove shape concave surface is easy to round bar shape blank firmly seat and is located on table top.
Design forging centrage is α with module centers wire clamp angle, and the die joint A of the upper and lower mould of mould is the outer extended surface of the forging blade contour line being perpendicular to module side, as shown in Figure 4.
Preferably before die forging starts, in mould impression surface smear die forging with lubricator, make material flow uniformly, be prone to be full of mould impression.
At present, in the unidirectional die forging manufacture process of vanelets, there is the shortcoming that operation is lengthy and tedious and die cost is high；In open die forging manufacture process, there is stock utilization low, the shortcoming of machining time length.Utilize this technique, one fire time thermoforming, forging surplus can reach micron order die forging level, blade one side surplus is 1.5mm～3.5mm, solve on the one hand the many fire of unidirectional die forging time heating, problem that operation is various, solve that forging surplus during open die forging manufactures is big, the problem of long processing time on the other hand.Present invention advantage compared with adopting tradition free forging process manufacture vanelets forging is: cutting output is little, and stock utilization improves, and the process-cycle shortens.(2) streamline of product is complete, good mechanical performance.(3) die forging product stability is good.(4) working condition is improved, it is easy to accomplish cleaning produces.
Above-described embodiment has been only exemplified by the manufacture processing of vanelets forging, also feasible for other specification blade forging.The shape of change mould impression curved surface, leaf head punch and blade root drift, it is possible to achieve the multi-ram forging manufacture of different size blade forging.What deserves to be explained is; the foregoing is only the present invention preferably detailed description of the invention; all technical schemes formed without departing from any simple modification, equivalent replacement or the equivalent transformation perhaps made according to core technology of the present invention in technical solution of the present invention, all should within scope.
Claims (7)
1. the method that a round bar multi-ram forging shapes turbine blade, it is characterized in that: include being heated to pole shape blank one fire austenite transformation temperature above step, and heated pole shape blank is placed on mould and carries out once the step that multidirectional hot forging shapes.
2. the method that round bar multi-ram forging according to claim 1 shapes turbine blade, it is characterised in that: realize especially by following steps:
1) according to the blade part unidirectional surplus of G-Design blade, wherein little near the unidirectional surplus in blade cross section of leaf root part, big near the unidirectional surplus in blade cross section of leaf top portion, all the other place's surpluses are moderate, draw forging drawing accordingly, utilize 3 d modeling software to set up the stereomodel of blade forging；
2) under forging drawing coordinate system, with X-axis, Y-axis for blade profile datum line, cross initial point and make the tangent line of forging steam output side projection line in the second quadrant, obtain the angle α 1 of described tangent line and X-axis, the tangent line of forging steam output side projection line in fourth quadrant is made after initial point, obtain the angle α 2 of described tangent line and X-axis, calculate and obtain α=(α 1+ α 2)/2；
3) setting up 3 D stereo rectangular module under same modeling software, module height is identical with forging height, and the length and width border from module, the forging each cross section is all higher than 150mm；
4) rectangular module is excised by blade forging figure by behind rotation alpha angle counterclockwise, rectangular module is internal to be occurred and the identical impression structure of blade forging, so that edge wheel profile that blade impression vertical projection is corresponding is horizontal-extending, rectangular module is divided into two parts, steam admission side part is upper mould, and steam output side part is counterdie；
5) design leaf head punch, the end surface shape of leaf head punch is identical with forging leaf top portion shape, and the contrate wheel profile of leaf head punch is less than forging leaf top end face contour line；
6) design blade root drift, the end surface shape of blade root drift is identical with forging leaf root part shape, and the contrate wheel profile of blade root drift is less than forging root end facial contour line；
7) bar selecting cross section to be circular is blank, is divided into 3 sections by forging length direction, and wherein, the Ith section is shape leaf top portion, and the IIth section is shape blade portion, and the IIIth section is shaping leaf root part, and length is designated as L respectivelyⅡ、LⅡ、LIII；
8) according to blade portion forging volume VⅡ, height HⅡWith flash gutters volume VFly, calculate diameter D, the D=(((V of pole shape blankⅡ+VFly)/HⅡ)×4/π)1/2, wherein VⅡ、HⅡ、VFlyCalculated by the 3 d modeling software setting up blade forging；
9) according to leaf top portion forging volume VⅠWith step 10) in the bar diameter D that calculates calculate charge length L needed for leaf top portion forgingⅠ=4VⅠ/πD2, in like manner according to leaf root part forging volume VⅢSeek charge length L needed for leaf root part forgingⅢ=4VⅢ/πD2；Wherein VⅠ、VⅢCalculated by the 3 d modeling software setting up blade forging；
10) preparing a pole blank by above-mentioned result of calculation, diameter is D, and total length is L, L=LⅠ+LⅡ+LⅢ；
11) being collectively constituted mould by upper die and lower die, leaf head punch, blade root drift, during shaping, first by leaf head punch, blade root drift along counterdie upper surface from mould lateral impression move toward one another, leaf head punch runs to being L from blade impression distanceⅠ, blade root drift runs to being L from blade impression distanceⅢIn time, stops；
12) by more than blank entirety heating to austenite transformation temperature, then quickly it is positioned on the positioning boss of leaf head punch, blade root drift；
13) make mould move downward, close with counterdie；
14), after mould Guan Bi, leaf head punch, blade root drift do move toward one another, and leaf head punch move distance is SⅠ=LⅠ-HⅠ, blade root drift move distance is SⅢ=LⅢ-HⅢ, wherein HⅠFor leaf upset part height, HⅢFor blade root forging height, motion stops after putting in place, and forging is natural shaped.
3. the method that round bar multi-ram forging according to claim 2 shapes turbine blade, it is characterized in that: the unidirectional surplus of described blade is 1.5mm～3.5mm, wherein near the unidirectional surplus in blade cross section of leaf root part close to 1.5mm, the unidirectional surplus in blade cross section of close leaf top portion is close to 3.5mm, and all the other place's forging surpluses are taken as close to 2.5mm.
4. the method that round bar multi-ram forging according to claim 2 shapes turbine blade, it is characterised in that: speed when described upper mould moves downward is 50～80mm/s.
5. the method that round bar multi-ram forging according to claim 2 shapes turbine blade, it is characterised in that: after described upper and lower mould Guan Bi, leaf head punch, blade root drift do move toward one another, and movement velocity is 30～50mm/s.
6. the method that round bar multi-ram forging according to claim 2 shapes turbine blade, it is characterised in that: the supporting surface of the positioning boss of described leaf head punch and the positioning boss of blade root drift, it is above the peak of described counterdie impression curved surface.
7. the method that the round bar multi-ram forging according to claim 2 or 6 shapes turbine blade, it is characterised in that: the contrate wheel profile of described leaf head punch is compared with forging leaf top end face contour line, respectively to all inside contracting 0.1～0.2mm；The contrate wheel profile of described blade root drift is compared with forging root end facial contour line, respectively to also all inside contracting 0.1～0.2mm.
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| CN106670365A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-17 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | Allowance compensation method for large blade forging |
| CN109940122A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-28 | 吉林大学 | The split type axle box near-net-shape method of standard EMU |
| CN110883287A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-17 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Multi-directional upset forging blank design method based on horizontal forging machine |
| CN112045133A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-08 | 无锡航亚科技股份有限公司 | Blade finish forge multiple step blanking die holder |
| CN116000233A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-04-25 | 江苏大洋精锻有限公司 | Forging and stamping die for automobile transmission shaft |
| CN116237451A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-06-09 | 无锡市雪浪合金科技有限公司 | Forging forming and processing device and processing method thereof |
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| CN112045133A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-08 | 无锡航亚科技股份有限公司 | Blade finish forge multiple step blanking die holder |
| CN116000233A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-04-25 | 江苏大洋精锻有限公司 | Forging and stamping die for automobile transmission shaft |
| CN116237451A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-06-09 | 无锡市雪浪合金科技有限公司 | Forging forming and processing device and processing method thereof |
| CN116237451B (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-07-18 | 无锡市雪浪合金科技有限公司 | Forging forming and processing device and processing method thereof |
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