CN105789516B - 动力电池热控箱体 - Google Patents

动力电池热控箱体 Download PDF

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CN105789516B
CN105789516B CN201610326139.4A CN201610326139A CN105789516B CN 105789516 B CN105789516 B CN 105789516B CN 201610326139 A CN201610326139 A CN 201610326139A CN 105789516 B CN105789516 B CN 105789516B
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CN105789516A (zh
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唐志国
周嘉
闵小滕
刘轻轻
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Zhongke Haiao Mount Huangshan Energy Storage Technology Co ltd
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Hefei University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种动力电池热控箱体，其特征是：设置用于集装动力电池组的箱体，在箱体中分别形成制冷间室和电池集装室；利用风机使蒸发器产生的冷量在纵向气流通道中流动；电池集装室方块电池形成电池组层叠成电池排，各电池排间隔设置，在电池排中相邻的两层电池组之间放置导热板，导热板在电池组的四周凸伸于，并在前端粘贴有加热片，尾部在横向气流通道中形成翅片。本发明能解决因换热面积过小而导致不能对每个单体电池进行有效热管理的问题，同时实现动力电池温度场分布均匀，温度调节迅速，且电池箱体的密封设计，安全性高，能量利用率高。

Description

动力电池热控箱体
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源汽车动力电池热管理技术领域，具体涉及一种电动汽车动力电池热控箱体。
背景技术
电动汽车的关键技术之一是动力电池，电池的好坏决定着电动汽车的成本和电动汽车的续驶里程，而成本和续驶里程是新能源汽车能否为广大消费者接受，以及迅速得到普及的关键因素。除电池本身的制造工艺外，针对动力电池的热管理也是决定电池性能的重要因素，主要体现在如下方面：
一、在高温环境下，特别是在炎热的夏季，动力电池在充放电过程中和高温环境下使用时会释放出大量的热，并因空间所限产生热量累积，累积的热量不能及时排出将使电池包的温度快速上升，此时需要启动散热系统对动力电池进行冷却；在低温环境下，特别是在寒冷的冬季，动力电池工作性能很差，甚至因低温而无法正常运行，此时需要对电池加热进行升温，使之处于最佳的使用温度水平。
二、电池中有电解液、电极、隔板等各种材料，高温会加速材料的老化速率，当电池组中各电池模块温差较大时，高温部分的老化速率会明显快于低温部分，随着时间的积累不同电池之间的物性差异将越加明显，从而破坏了电池组的一致性，最终使整组电池提前失效。
二、若是动力电池组的散热和加热结构设计不完善，会引起电池包中各模块之间温度分布不均匀，使得每个电池单体的工作环境不一样，这也将严重影响单体电池性能的一致性，从而严重影响整个动力电池组的使用寿命。
现有技术中，电动汽车上的动力电池多采用方块电池，方块电池维护成本低、循环寿命长、工作温度范围广、高比能量等高水平的性能，相比于圆柱形电池，方块电池还具有运输及安装便利的特点，因此在电动汽车中得到广泛应用。
考虑到成本和制作工艺方面的因素，目前电动汽车动力电池热管理系统采用的热控介质大都是空气，用来进行加热或冷却的空气需要流过每一块方块电池。由于电动汽车中的动力电池数量可能很多，且方块电池与空气换热面积有限，因此，这种形式很难充分对每一块方块电池进行空气温度的调节；不仅如此，仅仅依靠空气在电池的表面进行换热，无法保证方块电池的一致性以及电池包温度场的均匀性，导致电动汽车内的动力电池工作环境较差。
发明内容
本发明是为避免上述现有技术所存在的不足，提供一种动力电池热控箱体，以期实现电动汽车动力电池的快速有效散热降温或加热升温，维持电池的正常工作、延长其使用寿命，降低使用成本。
本发明为解决技术问题采用如下技术方案：
本发明动力电池热控箱体的结构特点是：
设置用于集装动力电池组的箱体，在所述箱体中，利用箱体前端板和与箱体前端板平行的挡板构成制冷间室，所述挡板在箱体的顶板和底板之间形成封闭，阻止气流在竖直平面中流动，所述挡板与箱体的左右两侧板相间隔，在箱体的左右两侧形成纵向气流通道；由所述挡板与箱体后端板构成电池集装室；
在所述制冷间室中，处在制冷间室的断面上设置有蒸发器和风机，利用风机使蒸发器产生的冷量在纵向气流通道中流动；
在所述电池集装室中，平行于挡板布置多排呈矩形的电池排，相邻两道电池排之间留有间距形成横向气流通道，各道电池排分别由多层电池组层叠而成，各层电池组是由多块方块电池在同一平面上并行且紧贴排布；
在各道电池排中、处在相邻的两层电池组之间放置一片导热板，所述导热板的宽度和长度分别大于电池组的宽度和长度，以使导热板在电池组的四周凸伸于电池组，在凸伸于电池组的前端的导热板上粘贴有加热片，凸伸于电池组的尾部的导热板处在所述横向气流通道中形成翅片。
本发明动力电池热控箱体的结构特点也在于：在所述的箱体的左右两侧板的内侧壁上分别设置有楔形导流板，使所述纵向气流通道的流道面积在挡板所在位置为最大，在远离挡板的箱体的尾部端板所在位置为最小。
本发明动力电池热控箱体的结构特点也在于：所述凸伸于电池组的尾部的导热板形成有折弯部，所述折弯部是朝向箱体的顶板或底板方向折弯。
本发明动力电池热控箱体的结构特点也在于：所述各导热板在其折弯部为整体同向折弯，或将折弯部沿横向剪切为多折弯片，相邻折弯片呈异向折弯，整体折弯部成交替错落。
本发明动力电池热控箱体的结构特点也在于：所述折弯部的折弯角度为15°-75°。
本发明动力电池热控箱体的结构特点也在于：在所述箱体的导热板与电池组之间设置有石墨导热垫。
与现有技术相比，本发明有益效果体现在：
1、本发明合理布挡板和电池，在箱体内分别形成纵向气流通道和横向气流通道，有效避免了气流短路，实现气流的均匀分布和有序流动，使各电池能得到快速有效的散热或升温，以此维持电池的正常工作、延长使用寿命，降低使用成本。
2、本发明中楔形导流板，使得通过每条横向气流通道内的气体流量接近相等，这样每条横向通道内气流的换热量基本一致，从而保证不同排之间电池温度的一致性。
3、本发明中将加热片粘贴各导热板上，由于导热板设置每层电池组之间，其有效分布能够实现对每一个单体电池的有效加热，动力电池的外壳一般为导热系数较高的铝材或者不锈钢，能够快速实现电池外壳的升温，从而实现对内部电池材料的快速加热。
4、本发明中设置石墨导热垫有效提高了导热性，并提高导热均匀性，避免电池组内部温度场分布不均匀的问题，保证各电池的一致性。
5、本发明中折弯翅片增加了导热板的换热面积，增强气了气流扰动，避免了散热通风工况下加热片对导热板折弯翅片散热的阻碍，提高传热效率，其设计简单、成本低、结构紧凑，节省空间。
附图说明
图1是本发明内部结构示意图；
图2是本发明俯视结构示意图；
图3是为图2的A-A剖面示意图；
图4是本发明中相邻两层电池组结构示意图；
图5是本发明另一实施方式内部结构示意图；
图6是本发明另一实施方式俯视结构示意图；
图7是图6的B-B剖面示意图；
图8是本发明另一实施方式中相邻两层电池组结构图。
图中标号：1箱体，2蒸发器，3风机，4挡板，5楔形导流板，6电池组，7导热板，7-1折弯部，8隔块，9加热片，10石墨导热垫。
具体实施方式
本实施例中动力电池热控箱体的结构形式是：
如图1和图2所示，设置用于集装动力电池组的箱体1，在箱体1中，利用箱体前端板和与箱体前端板平行的挡板4构成制冷间室，挡板4在箱体的顶板和底板之间形成封闭，阻止气流在竖直平面中流动，挡板4与箱体的左右两侧板相间隔，在箱体1的左右两侧形成纵向气流通道；由挡板4与箱体后端板构成电池集装室。在制冷间室中，处在制冷间室的断面上设置有蒸发器2和风机3，蒸发器2与风机3高度均小于制冷间室的高度，利用风机3使蒸发器2产生的冷量在纵向气流通道中流动。
如图3、图4和图5所示，在电池集装室中，平行于挡板4布置2-10排呈矩形的电池排，相邻两道电池排之间留有5-20mm的间距形成横向气流通道，各道电池排分别由2-20层电池组6层叠而成，各层电池组6是由2-10块方块电池在同一平面上并行且紧贴排布。在每排电池排、蒸发器2及风机3的顶部填充有隔块，填充每排电池排、蒸发器2以风机3的顶面与箱体的顶板之间的间隙，避免气流在此处间隙形成短路。
在各道电池排中、处在相邻的两层电池组6之间放置一片导热板7，导热板7的宽度和长度分别大于电池组6的宽度和长度，以使导热板7在电池组6的四周凸伸于电池组6，在凸伸于电池组6的前端的导热板7上粘贴有加热片9，凸伸于电池组6的尾部的导热板7处在横向气流通道中形成翅片。将加热片9贴在每排每层电池上的导热板7的一侧，在加热工况下，关闭风机3，能够实现对每一个方块电池的导热换热式加热。方块电池的外壳通常为铝材或者不锈钢，其导热系数高，能够快速实现方块电池外壳的升温，从而实现对方块电池内部材料的快速加热；这一结构形式避免了散热通风工况下加热片9对导热板7的折弯部7-1散热的阻碍，保证导热板7具有较大的换热面积，降低了风机3的功率需求。
本实施例中相应的结构设置也包括：
如图5和图6所示，在的箱体1的左右两侧板的内侧壁上分别设置有楔形导流板5，使纵向气流通道的流道面积在挡板4所在位置为最大，在远离挡板4的箱体1的尾部端板所在位置为最小。凸伸于电池组6的尾部的导热板7形成有折弯部7-1，折弯部7-1是朝向箱体1的顶板或底板方向折弯。
具体实施中，各导热板7在其折弯部7-1为整体同向折弯，是指整体朝上，或整体朝下折弯。如图1、图2、图3和图4所示；或是如图5、图6、图7和图8所示的采用另一种实施式，是将折弯部7-1沿横向剪切为多折弯片，相邻折弯片呈异向折弯，是指相邻两片折弯片中一个折弯片为朝上折弯，另一个折弯片则为朝下折弯，使整体折弯部7-1成交替错落；折弯部7-1的折弯角度为15°-75°折弯角是指折弯部与水平面的夹角。本实施例中导热板7的折弯部7-1形成横向气流通道中的翅片，这一形式结构简单、成本较低，在折弯部7-1上生成二次换热面积不仅增大了总换热面积，而且其结构紧凑，节省箱体空间，通过电池组6、石墨导热垫10以及导热板7所组成单元的串并联组合，可以在横向气流通道低压降要求下满足对方块电池的换热需要。不仅如此，当空气进入横向气流通道后，利用折弯部7-1对通道内的空气进行分流，增强了对气流的扰动，有效提高了对方块电池的传热效率。
如图4所示，在箱体1的导热板7与电池组6之间设置有石墨导热垫10，利用石墨导热垫10良好的导热性和均匀性，在传热过程中，石墨导热垫10对方块电池及加热片9产生的热量迅速扩散，有效避免了箱体1内部由于局部温度过高或过低而产生温度场分布不均匀的问题，保证了方块电池的一致性。
当温度过高需要对动力电池进行冷却时，电动汽车空调制冷回路工作，启动蒸发器2，通过控制系统控制风机3开始工作，箱体1内的空气在风机3的驱动下经过蒸发器2形成冷空气，冷空气进入电池组6与楔形导流板5之间的一侧纵向气流通道，在楔形导流板5的导流作用下，一侧纵向气流通道中的冷却空气均匀进入各道横向气流通道，并经另一侧纵向气流通道后回到蒸发器2，形成闭路内部循环。动力电池产生的热量经过石墨导热垫10传递到导热板7，通过冷空气对导热板7的折弯部7-1进行冷却，实现对动力电池的冷却。
当温度过低需要对动力电池进行加热时，蒸发器2与风机3不工作，通过控制系统控制加热片9工作，加热片9上产生的热量通过导热板7，并通过石墨导热垫10传递到方块电池，实现对动力电池的加热。

Claims (5)

1.一种动力电池热控箱体，其特征是：
设置用于集装动力电池组的箱体(1)，在所述箱体(1)中，利用箱体前端板和与箱体前端板平行的挡板(4)构成制冷间室，所述挡板在箱体的顶板和底板之间形成封闭，阻止气流在竖直平面中流动，所述挡板与箱体的左右两侧板相间隔，在箱体(1)的左右两侧形成纵向气流通道；由所述挡板(4)与箱体后端板构成电池集装室；
在所述制冷间室中，处在制冷间室的断面上设置有蒸发器(2)和风机(3)，利用风机(3)使蒸发器(2)产生的冷量在纵向气流通道中流动；
在所述电池集装室中，平行于挡板(4)布置多排呈矩形的电池排，相邻两道电池排之间留有间距形成横向气流通道，各道电池排分别由多层电池组(6)层叠而成，各层电池组(6)是由多块方块电池在同一平面上并行且紧贴排布；
在各道电池排中、处在相邻的两层电池组(6)之间放置一片导热板(7)，所述导热板(7)的宽度和长度分别大于电池组(6)的宽度和长度，以使导热板(7)在电池组(6)的四周凸伸于电池组(6)，在凸伸于电池组(6)的前端的导热板(7)上粘贴有加热片(9)，凸伸于电池组(6)的尾部的导热板(7)处在所述横向气流通道中形成翅片；在所述箱体(1)的导热板(7)与电池组(6)之间设置有石墨导热垫(10)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力电池热控箱体，其特征是：在所述的箱体(1)的左右两侧板的内侧壁上分别设置有楔形导流板(5)，使所述纵向气流通道的流道面积在挡板(4)所在位置为最大，在远离挡板(4)的箱体(1)的尾部端板所在位置为最小。
3.根据权利要求1所述的动力电池热控箱体，其特征是：所述凸伸于电池组(6)的尾部的导热板(7)形成有折弯部(7-1)，所述折弯部(7-1)是朝向箱体(1)的顶板或底板方向折弯。
4.根据权利要求3所述的动力电池热控箱体，其特征是：所述各导热板(7)在其折弯部(7-1)为整体同向折弯，或将折弯部(7-1)沿横向剪切为多折弯片，相邻折弯片呈异向折弯，整体折弯部(7-1)成交替错落。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的动力电池热控箱体，其特征所述折弯部(7-1)的折弯角度为15°-75°。
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