CN105779798A - 铝合金铸造工艺 - Google Patents

铝合金铸造工艺 Download PDF

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CN105779798A
CN105779798A CN201610332164.3A CN201610332164A CN105779798A CN 105779798 A CN105779798 A CN 105779798A CN 201610332164 A CN201610332164 A CN 201610332164A CN 105779798 A CN105779798 A CN 105779798A
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temperature
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aluminum alloy
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CN105779798B (zh
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司贵成
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Ningbo Fangge Machinery Co.,Ltd.
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Fushun Jin Yuan Technology Machinery Manufacturing Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提出了铝合金铸造工艺,其技术要点在于:工艺步骤包括有合金熔炼、放置移动式随形冷铁、浇注、后处理、热处理、精打磨、水压及气密试验。本发明使用移动式随形冷铁代替砂芯头即起到急冷作用又起到砂芯支撑定位作用,待铸件凝固后将移动式随形冷铁从铸件的两侧抽出反复使用;保证铸件质量,提高合格率,降低生产成本,确保产品质量达到技术标准要求。

Description

铝合金铸造工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铸造领域,特别涉及铝合金铸造工艺。
背景技术
国内是从上世纪五十年代开始研究低压铸造的。正式应用于工业生产至今,它的发展速度极为迅速。目前,国内汽车、拖拉机制造厂己形成专业化的低压铸造车间,造船、电机、仪表、轻工和国防工业也广泛采用了这种工艺,由最早生产简单件发展到了生产复杂件。六十年代我国造船工业系统的铸造工作者又将此工艺应用于铸造熔点较高的铜合金铸件,生产船用舵、铜套、阀体以及小型螺旋桨。七十年代,又以低压铸造工艺生产大型铜合金螺旋桨获得成功,铸件毛坯重量达到三十余吨,宜径达六米以上。我国铸造工作者又将低压铸适用下生产黑色金属铸件,如:低压铸造的球墨铸铁曲轴、合金铸铁的大型柴油机缸套以及大型柴油机的铸钢曲拐等。使低压铸造技术不断发展,臻于完善。铝合金(壳体、箱体)铸件是用于特高压输变电设备的关键件,在铸造成型过程中极易产生缩孔、缩松及针孔,产品合格率低,质量难以保证。铸件70%废品是因为缩松、针孔导致泄漏率不合格。在这样的背景条件下,为了解决和改善这些问题,研制开发了通过冷铁取代原来的砂芯头生产工艺,克服了可能出现的质量隐患。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提出铝合金铸造工艺。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
铝合金铸造工艺,它包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)合金熔炼:在温度720-740℃时加入变质剂,可以显著提高稳定性能;随后进行除气,除气温度控制在730-740℃;合金熔炼后的出炉温度730-735℃;
(2)在铸件的热节处内孔中放置移动式随形冷铁,使用移动式随形冷铁代替砂芯头即起到急冷作用又起到砂芯支撑定位作用,待铸件凝固后将移动式随形冷铁从铸件的两侧抽出反复使用;
(3)浇注:采用低压浇注的方法,浇注温度控制在706-715℃,模具温度250-280℃,升液速度控制在14-16mbar/s;充型速度13-14mbar/s;随后在5s内将压力增加200mbar,使合金液在较高的压力作用下结晶凝固并保压80-120s;冷却时间60-180s;
(4)后处理:抽出移动式随形冷铁,随后进行打箱、清浇冒口、粗打磨、喷丸、划线检查、X光探伤;
(5)热处理:升温3.5h,将固溶温度控制在535±5℃,保温8h;保温完毕后进行水冷,水温20-60℃,浸水时间10min;之后进行室温冷却8h;固溶处理完毕后,进行人工时效,时效温度165±5℃,保温4.5h;最后校形时间≤4h;
(6)精打磨;
(7)逐个进行水压试验和气密试验,气密性在1.6MPa的绝对工作压力下进行,采用SF6气体,单独的铸件:Δp=6×10-5Pa·m3/s。
所述变质剂为Al-10%Sr合金。
本发明的有益效果为:
1.移动式随形冷铁即起到急冷作用又起到砂芯支撑定位作用,待铸件凝固后将移动式冷铁从铸件的两侧抽出反复使用;
2.保证铸件质量,提高合格率,降低生产成本,确保产品质量达到技术标准要求。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明应用制造铝合金铸件铸造内芯的结构示意图;
图2为本发明应用制造铝合金铸件成品的结构示意图。
图中:1、移动式随形冷铁;2、砂芯;3、法兰内孔;4、箱体孔。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示,本发明实施例的铝合金铸造工艺,它包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)合金熔炼:在温度720-740℃时加入变质剂,可以显著提高稳定性能;随后进行除气,除气温度控制在730-740℃;合金熔炼后的出炉温度730-735℃;
(2)在铸件的热节处内孔中放置移动式孔随形冷铁1,该移动式孔随形冷铁1在定位支架中沿轴线方向可往返滑动,在生产时首先将砂芯3吊入模具型腔,然后再将两侧的移动式孔随形冷铁1推入砂芯2的定位凹槽内,移动式孔随形冷铁1起到砂芯2的定位作用;
(3)浇注:采用低压浇注的方法,浇注温度控制在706-715℃,模具温度250-280℃,升液速度控制在15mbar/s;充型速度13.5mbar/s;随后在5s内将压力增加200mbar,使合金液在较高的压力作用下结晶凝固并保压80-120s;冷却时间60-180s,在浇注时移动式孔随形冷铁1又起到对铝液的急冷作用,保证铸件无缩孔、缩松及针孔;
(4)后处理:抽出移动式孔随形冷铁1,随后进行打箱、清浇冒口、粗打磨、喷丸、划线检查、X光探伤;
(5)热处理:升温3.5h,将固溶温度控制在535±5℃,保温8h;保温完毕后进行水冷,水温20-60℃,浸水时间10min;之后进行室温冷却8h;固溶处理完毕后,进行人工时效,时效温度165±5℃,保温4.5h;最后校形时间≤4h;
(6)精打磨;
(7)按技术条件要求逐个进行X射线检查,经检查铸件内部无缩孔、缩松及针孔,达到技术标准要求,逐个进行水压试验和气密试验,气密性在1.6MPa的绝对工作压力下进行,采用SF6气体,单独的铸件:Δp=6×10-5Pa·m3/s。铸件外轮廓尺寸1000mm×∪800mm,铸件壁厚最薄处8mm,最厚处42mm。
所述变质剂为Al-10%Sr合金。
另外,图2中还包括有法兰内孔3和箱体孔4。
上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.铝合金铸造工艺,其特征在于:它包括如下工艺步骤:(1)合金熔炼:在温度720-740℃时加入变质剂,可以显著提高稳定性能;随后进行除气,除气温度控制在730-740℃;合金熔炼后的出炉温度730-735℃;
(2)在铸件的热节处内孔中放置移动式随形冷铁,使用移动式随形冷铁代替砂芯头即起到急冷作用又起到砂芯支撑定位作用,待铸件凝固后将移动式随形冷铁从铸件的两侧抽出反复使用;
(3)浇注:采用低压浇注的方法,浇注温度控制在706-715℃,模具温度250-280℃,升液速度控制在14-16mbar/s;充型速度13-14mbar/s;随后在5s内将压力增加200mbar,使合金液在较高的压力作用下结晶凝固并保压80-120s;冷却时间60-180s;
(4)后处理:抽出移动式随形冷铁,随后进行打箱、清浇冒口、粗打磨、喷丸、划线检查、X光探伤;
(5)热处理:升温3.5h,将固溶温度控制在535±5℃,保温8h;保温完毕后进行水冷,水温20-60℃,浸水时间10min;之后进行室温冷却8h;固溶处理完毕后,进行人工时效,时效温度165±5℃,保温4.5h;最后校形时间≤4h;
(6)精打磨;
(7)逐个进行水压试验和气密试验,气密性在1.6MPa的绝对工作压力下进行,采用SF6气体,单独的铸件:Δp=6×10-5Pa·m3/s。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铝合金铸造工艺,其特征在于:所述变质剂为Al-10%Sr合金。
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CN111852646A (zh) * 2020-07-09 2020-10-30 唐秦 一种用于空气增压装置的壳体及其制造方法

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CN109746418A (zh) * 2019-03-21 2019-05-14 贵州航天风华精密设备有限公司 一种主体框架铸造工艺
CN111852646A (zh) * 2020-07-09 2020-10-30 唐秦 一种用于空气增压装置的壳体及其制造方法

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