CN105777193B - 一种耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂及其制备方法，其特征在于其原料组分及各组分占原料总量的质量百分比如下：聚丙烯酰胺型高分子化合物25％～36％，环糊精的羟基衍生物5％～15％，乳化剂10～16％，有机粘合剂5％～10％，水25％～44％。按比例称取各原料，在30～80℃温度下搅拌30min～180min即制得。本发明将硅烷单体与丙烯酰胺共聚成高分子化合物，具有自渗性、快速固化、粘附抗脱性且耐久性强的优点，操作简易，适用于公路、桥梁、机场等裂缝修补工程。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术防护领域，特别涉及一种耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国的公路路面主要以沥青混凝土路面为主，随着工程使用年限的增加，并伴随车流量的迅速增大，尤其重载车辆运输业的发展，对公路、桥梁等的碾压损耗愈加严重，裂缝成为沥青混凝土路面的主要灾害之一。裂缝的存在对路面结构的整体性、连续性及强度的破坏极大，导致路面机构的承载力下降。因此，路面裂缝的修补除了需要施工技术保障外，混凝土路面裂缝修补剂的性能也至关重要，对混凝土路面的预防性养护、消除早期结构破坏的隐患、延长工程使用寿命具有极其重要的现实意义。
目前市场上的裂缝修补材料主要是有机类修补材料，包括沥青及改性沥青类、环氧树脂类、丙烯酸类及聚氨酯类。这类材料具有粘合和封闭的修补强度作用，但易出现分解、交联和老化，影响其耐久性能。专利CN1884422公开了一种改性乙烯基酯树脂灌浆材料及其制备方法和施工方法，该专利黏度低，渗透性强，但制备工艺复杂，需进行多步骤改性乙烯基酯树脂，施工需2～4天，难以快速修补。专利CN101786831 A公开了一种低粘度高性能混凝土结构快速修补剂，该发明具有较高的力学强度，较低的收缩率及良好的耐久性能，但该发明仅适用于一些微细裂缝的快速修补，对大面积破损修补性能不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了改进现有技术的不足而提供一种耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂；本发明的另一目的在于提供一种耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂的制备方法，利用硅烷基团与酰胺基团的共聚合成高分子型聚丙烯酰胺系化合物，与乳化剂、有机粘合剂复合，从而达到快速固化修补混凝土裂缝的目的，合成工艺简单、成本低廉，渗透性强，且可以快速修补。
本发明的技术方案为：一种耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂，其特征在于原料组分及各组分占原料总量的质量百分比如下：
聚丙烯酰胺型高分子化合物25％～36％
环糊精的羟基衍生物5％～15％
乳化剂10～16％
有机粘合剂5％～10％
水25％～44％；
其中聚丙烯酰胺型高分子化合物由硅烷类小单体A和不饱和酰胺类小单体B在引发剂、还原剂及链转移剂作用下在30～60℃温度下通过水溶液自由基共聚3～6h而得；硅烷类小单体A、不饱和酰胺类小单体B、引发剂、还原剂及链转移剂按重量比为1：(0.05～0.12)：(0.01～0.03)：(0.0015～0.0023)：(0.002～0.03)。
优选上述的聚丙烯酰胺型高分子化合物的质量浓度为28-45％的溶液。
优选上述的硅烷类小单体A为三甲基羟乙基硅烷、甲基二苯基羟乙基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷或十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种；所述的不饱和酰胺类小单体B为丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺或己内酰胺中的至少一种；引发剂为双氧水、过硫酸铵中的至少一种；还原剂为维生素C、亚硫酸氢钠或硫酸亚铁中的至少一种；链转移剂为巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸、巯基乙醇或异丙醇中的至少一种。
优选上述的环糊精的羟基衍生物为羟丙基-β-环糊精或α-单羟基环糊精中的至少一种。
优选上述的乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、阿拉伯胶或丙二醇脂肪酸酯中的至少一种。
优选上述的有机粘合剂为酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、羧甲基纤维素钠或聚丁二烯环氧树脂中的至少一种。
本发明还提供了上述的耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂的制备方法，其具体步骤为：按比例称取各原料，在30～80℃温度下搅拌30min～180min即制得。
有益效果：
(1)本发明一种耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂的制备方法是通过自由基溶液聚合反应，工艺过程可调可控、绿色环保、成本低廉、储存稳定且易于推广；
(2)本发明制备了高分子型的聚丙烯酰胺系化合物，将硅烷基团与酰胺基团接枝在一个主链上，对混凝土水界面层具有强极性的吸附作用，环糊精的羟基衍生物中的多羟基与高分子聚丙烯酰胺提供了强极性的键合作用，增强了裂缝修补的粘合能力及耐久性能，在高分子聚合物中加入乳化剂与有机粘合剂为修补剂的高渗透性的骨化作用及黏度的降低具有关键作用。
(3)本发明具有自渗性、快速固化、粘附抗脱性且耐久性强的优点，操作简易，适用于公路、桥梁、机场等裂缝修补工程。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明技术方案进一步详细说明。
实施例1
聚丙烯酰胺系高分子化合物的制备：将100g三甲基羟乙基硅烷和120g水加入反应釜中，升温至40℃，加入1g双氧水后，滴加5g丙烯酰胺和30g水的混合溶液，同时滴加0.15g维生素C、0.2g巯基乙酸、84.65g水的混合溶液。滴加时间为3h。反应结束后，制备的聚丙烯酰胺系高分子化合物质量浓度为35％；
裂缝修补剂的制备：将质量浓度为35％的聚丙烯酰胺型高分子化合物360g、羟丙基-β-环糊精50g、十二烷基苯磺酸钠100g、酚醛树脂50g、水440g置于反应釜中在30℃温度下搅拌180min即可制得。
实施例2
聚丙烯酰胺系高分子化合物的制备：将100g异丁基三甲氧基硅烷和80g水加入反应釜中，升温至30℃，加入3g双氧水后，滴加8g甲基丙烯酰胺和20g水的混合溶液，同时滴加0.18g亚硫酸氢钠、0.6g巯基丙酸、67.67g水的混合溶液。滴加时间为4h。反应结束后，制备的聚丙烯酰胺系高分子化合物质量浓度为40％；
裂缝修补剂的制备：将质量浓度为40％的聚丙烯酰胺型高分子化合物250g、α-单羟基环糊精150g、阿拉伯胶120g、环氧树脂80g、水400g置于反应釜中在50℃温度下搅拌120min即可制得。
实施例3
聚丙烯酰胺系高分子化合物的制备：将200g甲基二苯基羟乙基硅烷和170g水加入反应釜中，升温至50℃，加入4g过硫酸铵后，滴加24g己内酰胺和50g水的混合溶液，同时滴加0.46g亚硫酸氢钠、2g巯基乙醇、61.66g水的混合溶液。滴加时间为5h。反应结束后，制备的聚丙烯酰胺系高分子化合物质量浓度为45％；
裂缝修补剂的制备：将质量浓度为45％的聚丙烯酰胺型高分子化合物300g、羟丙基-β-环糊精100g、丙二醇脂肪酸酯160g、羧甲基纤维素钠100g、水340g置于反应釜中在60℃温度下搅拌90min即可制得。
实施例4
聚丙烯酰胺系高分子化合物的制备：将120g三甲基羟乙基硅烷和144g水加入反应釜中，升温至60℃，加入3g双氧水后，滴加12g丙烯酰胺和36g水的混合溶液，同时滴加0.24g硫酸亚铁、3.6g异丙醇、77.84g水的混合溶液。滴加时间为6h。反应结束后，制备的聚丙烯酰胺系高分子化合物质量浓度为35％；
裂缝修补剂的制备：将质量浓度为35％的聚丙烯酰胺型高分子化合物360g、α-单羟基环糊精150g、十二烷基苯磺酸钠160g、丙二醇脂肪酸酯80g、水250g置于反应釜中在70℃温度下搅拌60min即可制得。
实施例5
聚丙烯酰胺系高分子化合物的制备：将150g十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷和240g水加入反应釜中，升温至45℃，加入1.8g过硫酸铵后，滴加10.8g甲基丙烯酰胺和60g水的混合溶液，同时滴加0.264g维生素C、2.4g巯基乙酸、95.82g水的混合溶液。滴加时间为4.5h。反应结束后，制备的聚丙烯酰胺系高分子化合物质量浓度为28％；
裂缝修补剂的制备：将质量浓度为28％的聚丙烯酰胺型高分子化合物330g、羟丙基-β-环糊精120g、阿拉伯胶140g、聚丁二烯环氧树脂60g、水350g置于反应釜中在80℃温度下搅拌30min即可制得。
上述实施例制备的裂缝修补材料的具体性能依据GB 50367-2006《混凝土结构加固设计规范》对裂缝修补胶基本性能指标要求测试如下表，选用市面上常见的某公司聚丙烯酸型裂缝修补剂作为参照对比：
从表可以看出，一种耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂黏度较低，且粘结抗拉、抗折强度、断裂伸长率都较常见的聚丙烯酸型裂缝修补剂性能优异，且固化时间在30min左右，对裂缝修补的范围较广。
Claims (7)
1.一种耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂，其特征在于原料组分及各组分占原料总量的质量百分比如下：
聚丙烯酰胺型高分子化合物25％～36％
环糊精的羟基衍生物5％～15％
乳化剂10～16％
有机粘合剂5％～10％
水25％～44％；
其中聚丙烯酰胺型高分子化合物由硅烷类小单体A和不饱和酰胺类小单体B在引发剂、还原剂及链转移剂作用下在30～60℃温度下通过水溶液自由基共聚3～6h而得；硅烷类小单体A、不饱和酰胺类小单体B、引发剂、还原剂及链转移剂按重量比为1：(0.05～0.12)：(0.01～0.03)：(0.0015～0.0023)：(0.002～0.03)；所述的硅烷类小单体A为三甲基羟乙基硅烷、甲基二苯基羟乙基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷或十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种；所述的不饱和酰胺类小单体B为丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺或己内酰胺中的至少一种；链转移剂为巯基乙酸、巯基丙酸、巯基乙醇或异丙醇中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂，其特征在于所述的聚丙烯酰胺系高分子化合物的质量浓度为28-45％的溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂，其特征在于所述的引发剂为双氧水、过硫酸铵中的至少一种；还原剂为维生素C、亚硫酸氢钠或硫酸亚铁中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂，其特征在于所述的环糊精的羟基衍生物为羟丙基-β-环糊精或α-单羟基环糊精中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂，其特征在于所述的乳化剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、阿拉伯胶或丙二醇脂肪酸酯中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂，其特征在于所述的有机粘合剂为酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、羧甲基纤维素钠或聚丁二烯环氧树脂中的至少一种。
7.一种制备如权利要求1所述的耐久型聚丙烯酰胺系裂缝修补剂的方法，其具体步骤为：按比例称取各原料，在30～80℃温度下搅拌30min～180min即制得。
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