CN105774557A - Intelligent high-voltage management system of electric car - Google Patents
Intelligent high-voltage management system of electric car Download PDFInfo
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- CN105774557A CN105774557A CN201610114859.4A CN201610114859A CN105774557A CN 105774557 A CN105774557 A CN 105774557A CN 201610114859 A CN201610114859 A CN 201610114859A CN 105774557 A CN105774557 A CN 105774557A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent high-voltage management system of an electric car. According to the intelligent high-voltage management system of the electric car, a signal collecting system collects the car operation state, failure detection object state and car posture state in real time; an intelligent high-voltage control unit receives an instruction of a vehicle control unit (VCU) and/or a battery management system (BMS), enables a high-voltage electricity distribution system to normally distribute electricity to vehicle high-voltage equipment and feeds back the execution result to the VCU and/or the BMS; meanwhile, fault diagnosis and detection are carried out on the high-voltage electricity distribution system according to collected data and received vehicle real-time interaction data; the fault type is determined according to a preset fault database, the high-voltage electricity distribution system is made to execute the high-voltage electricity on-off control logic under the preset fault types, and the diagnosis result is stored and sent; the high-voltage electricity distribution system caries out high-voltage electricity distribution, high-voltage electricity on/off control, circuit overcurrent protection and high-voltage pre-charging on all high-voltage devices of the car according to the instruction of the intelligent high-voltage control unit. The intelligent high-voltage management system of the electric car realizes intelligent management of high-voltage electricity of the whole car, and better improves the high-voltage safety of the electric car.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vehicle electronics and technical field of new energy, particularly a kind of electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system.
Background technology
Wideling popularize and support through government in recent years, China's batteries of electric automobile technology, motor and electric machines control technology, full-vehicle control technology all achieve certain progress, electric automobile is also into the small lot batch manufacture stage, but the again and again on fire and high-voltage safety of electric automobile still affects consumer's wait-and-see attitude to electric automobile.Electric automobile introduces high voltage (general car and minicar employing about the 300VDC driving of up to 300～700VDC, bus or scheduled bus adopt about 600VDC to drive), energy-storage system adopts electrokinetic cell, super capacitor or fuel cell so that vehicle more merits attention at secure context and studies.
The high-voltage safety of current electric automobile, the function realized on vehicle is less, also do not appear for designed by electric automobile high-voltage safety can the product of mass production.Owing to driver part and the adnexa of electric automobile all adopt high-tension electricity directly to drive, there is high-tension electricity distribution problem.In the actual treatment of electric automobile, high voltage power distribution is integrated among driver part and adnexa by general car, and electric bus or scheduled bus, have by its individually integrated out, what have is integrated among driving and adnexa.As high voltage power distribution integrated one high tension distribution system of formation, be conducive to the process to high-tension electricity fault and lookup, it is simple to management；Such as dispersed placement, it is necessary to entire car controller and corresponding component are coordinated to control, sometimes result in control hierarchy indefinite and break down.Additionally, when high-tension electricity hardware fault occurs, be not easy to maintenance and search problem.Fault detect and monitoring for high-tension electricity, primarily now it is integrated among battery management system (BMS), and BMS major function is that electrokinetic cell is managed, individually designed by producer and produce, often it is difficult to car load is intervened, and the management of electrokinetic cell relates to substantial amounts of data and complicated program so that the high-voltage safety management of electric automobile does not apply on real vehicle.
Relevant patent has at home: Chinese patent 201210060571.5 discloses a kind of intelligent vehicle-carried high-voltage power distribution management unit used for electric vehicle, only include the distribution to car load high pressure and data sharing, simply D.C. contactor is controlled, is not directed to automatic fault selftesting and the high-tension electricity troubleshooting mode under self diagnosis and car load high voltage fault of high-voltage electrical apparatus element；201220332799.0 open a kind of electric automobile high-voltage box failure self-testing device, car load high voltage electric energy is not carried out intelligent management.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system, electric automobile high-voltage electric control actuator, troubleshooting that high-tension electricity data acquisition is relevant with high-tension electricity, automatic fault selftesting, fault self-diagnosis etc. are integrated, realize the intelligent management of car load high-tension electricity, advantageously in the high-voltage safety of electric automobile.
The present invention solves that the technical scheme that above-mentioned technical problem is taked is: a kind of electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system, it is characterised in that it includes signal acquiring system, intelligent high-pressure control unit and high tension distribution system；Wherein
Described signal acquiring system is for Real-time Collection travel condition of vehicle, fault detect Obj State and car appearance state；Described Real-time Collection travel condition of vehicle includes the high-voltage interlocking signal of the voltage and current of each high tension loop, car load High-Voltage Insulation grade, density of hydrogen, speed, electrokinetic cell voltage and each high-tension connector mesohigh interlock；Described Real-time Collection malfunction monitoring Obj State includes the contacts status of each D.C. contactor in each high tension loop, preliminary filling resistance states and DC current fuse state；Described Real-time Collection car appearance state include on fire, collide, data of tumbling；
Described intelligent high-pressure control unit accepts the instruction of VCU and/or BMS, high tension distribution system is made to carry out normal distribution to vehicle high-voltage equipment, execution result is fed back to VCU and/or BMS, the vehicle real-time, interactive data from VCU and/or BMS according to the data of signal acquiring system collection and reception simultaneously, high tension distribution system is carried out fault diagnosis and detection, fault type is determined according to default Mishap Database, make high tension distribution system perform high-tension electricity break-make under each fault type preset and control logic, and diagnostic result is preserved and sends；The preservation of data, mutual, transmission all employing CAN network communications；
Described high tension distribution system is for by the instruction of intelligent high-pressure control unit, carrying out high voltage electric energy distribution, the control of high-tension electricity break-make, loop overcurrent protection and high pressure preliminary filling to each high pressure equipment of electric automobile.
By such scheme, described high tension distribution system is equipped with a main contactor, DC current fuse and a high pressure precharging circuit with preliminary filling resistance and preliminary filling catalyst in the high tension loop of each electric machine controller and motor thereof, for adnexa high tension loop one main contactor of common outfit in parallel and the high pressure precharging circuit with preliminary filling resistance and preliminary filling catalyst of electric automobile capacitive load, each adnexa loop is equipped with independent DC current fuse；
Described high tension distribution system is equipped with total negative D.C. contactor and manual maintenance service switch (MSD)；Described high tension distribution system mesohigh connectivity port adopts the high-tension connector with high-voltage interlocking and machinery foolproof function.
By such scheme, in high-tension electricity preliminary filling process, described intelligent high-pressure control unit is according to whether voltage difference and the capacitive load preliminary filling feedback signal comprehensive descision high pressure preliminary filling at corresponding main contactor two ends complete, and then control preliminary filling catalyst and main contactor realize the preliminary filling to capacitive load loop and power on；
According to preliminary filling resistance states, main contactor state, preliminary filling catalyst state and DC current fuse state, described intelligent high-pressure control unit judges that whether preliminary filling resistance, main contactor, preliminary filling catalyst and DC current fuse be normal respectively, and diagnosing malfunction and the classification when abnormal, to corresponding component.
By such scheme, at the status monitoring circuit that the parallel connection of the two ends of each malfunction monitoring object is in series by unilateral diode, low pressure accessory power supply, state resistance and low tension switch, the state of failure judgement monitoring object during by the voltage at detection state resistance two ends.
The invention have the benefit that
1, by gathering the real-time running state of electric automobile, malfunction monitoring Obj State from high tension distribution system, and fill into car load attitude data and assist, intelligent high-pressure control unit sets up Mishap Database, and fault is carried out grade separation, and develop corresponding control strategy and complete vehicle high-tension electricity under different faults state and under normal transport condition and power on and lower electric control logic；Intelligent high-pressure control unit is according to the data collected, fault type is drawn according to the Mishap Database set up, fault type is exported by CAN communication, discharge fault for subsequent artefacts and reference is provided, power on and lower electric control logic according to default high-tension electricity simultaneously, make high tension distribution system perform corresponding high-tension electricity break-make and control, usually power down process, reduce high pressure hidden danger, under different faults type, adopt different troubleshooting modes, add universality；Based on present system, it is possible to high-voltage electrical apparatus element to be carried out fault self-diagnosis and Autonomous test, and form failure code and carried out data sharing and preservation by data transmission system, add safety and the convenience of electric automobile maintainer.
2, pass through the Autonomous test to self high-voltage electrical apparatus element and CAN communication data sharing, increase car load and press high-tension electricity processing mode under lower electric treatment and high voltage fault pattern, the intellectuality of raising electric automobile normal traveling with GPS survey in charging process.
3, data sharing is carried out by CAN communication and car load parts, be conducive to improving car load security coordination, the hardware configuration of simplified intelligent high pressure management system, improve the generalization degree of intelligent high-pressure management system, increase the vehicle security of electric automobile, thus advance being widely popularized of electric automobile comprehensively.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the intelligent high-pressure management System Working Principle figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of intelligent high-pressure management system composition of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of extended-range electric motor coach intelligent high-pressure management system peripherals parts connection diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the high-tension circuit figure of a kind of pure electric coach high tension distribution system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the low-voltage control circuit figure of a kind of pure electric coach high tension distribution system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a kind of pure electric coach high-voltage interlocking implementation schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a kind of high-voltage interlocking signal detection schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the D.C. contactor contact observation circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the DC current fuse testing circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the preliminary filling resistance detecting circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 11 is a kind of electric automobile insulation detecting circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure 12 is a kind of pure electric coach car load CAN network structure chart of the present invention.
Figure 13 is the non-standard fault code format figure of the present invention.
Figure 14 is a kind of failure code subsystem definition figure of the present invention.
Figure 15 is a kind of failure code position 4 definition figure of the present invention.
Figure 16 is a kind of concrete classification chart of electric automobile high-voltage safety fault level of the present invention.
Figure 17 is the process substantially mode figure of a kind of electric automobile high-voltage electricity different brackets fault of the present invention.
Figure 18 is a kind of electric automobile high-voltage electricity preliminary filling control strategy flow chart of the present invention.
Figure 19 is that the one of the present invention powers on control strategy flow chart.
Figure 20 be the present invention one under electric control strategic process figure.
Figure 21 is the one charging control strategy flow chart of the present invention.
Figure 22 is that the present invention a kind of high-tension electricity under secondary failure controls strategic process figure.
Figure 23 is that the present invention a kind of high-tension electricity under three grades of faults controls strategic process figure.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
As it is shown in figure 1, the fundamental diagram of a kind of intelligent high-pressure of the present invention management system.State parameter under traveling, charging, fault, four kinds of states of parking is fed back to intelligent high-pressure management system by vehicle, intelligent high-pressure management system is according to being fed back the parameter signal obtained, carry out fault self-diagnosis or perform corresponding order, nonserviceable lower preservation or display corresponding failure code, and feed back to entire car controller (VCU) and process command request accordingly, perform corresponding order afterwards again.Intelligent high-pressure management system need to detect fault and data acquisition in real time, and feeds back to entire car controller (VCU) during by its fructufy, and then obtains real-time vehicle-state.
As in figure 2 it is shown, a kind of electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system structure schematic diagram of the present invention, including signal acquiring system, intelligent high-pressure control unit and high tension distribution system；Wherein
Signal acquiring system is for Real-time Collection travel condition of vehicle, fault detect Obj State and car appearance state；Described Real-time Collection travel condition of vehicle includes the high-voltage interlocking signal of the voltage and current of each high tension loop, car load High-Voltage Insulation grade, density of hydrogen, speed, electrokinetic cell voltage and each high-tension connector mesohigh interlock；Described Real-time Collection malfunction monitoring Obj State includes the contacts status of each D.C. contactor in each high tension loop, preliminary filling resistance states and DC current fuse state；Described Real-time Collection car appearance state include on fire, collide, data of tumbling；
Intelligent high-pressure control unit accepts the instruction of VCU and/or BMS, high tension distribution system is made to carry out normal distribution to vehicle high-voltage equipment, execution result is fed back to VCU and/or BMS, the vehicle real-time, interactive data from VCU and/or BMS according to the data of signal acquiring system collection and reception simultaneously, high tension distribution system is carried out fault diagnosis and detection, fault type is determined according to default Mishap Database, make high tension distribution system perform high-tension electricity break-make under each fault type preset and control logic, and diagnostic result is preserved and sends；The preservation of data, mutual, transmission all employing CAN network communications；
High tension distribution system is for by the instruction of intelligent high-pressure control unit, carrying out high voltage electric energy distribution, the control of high-tension electricity break-make, loop overcurrent protection and high pressure preliminary filling to each high pressure equipment of electric automobile.
Described high tension distribution system is equipped with a main contactor, DC current fuse and a high pressure precharging circuit with preliminary filling resistance and preliminary filling catalyst in the high tension loop of each electric machine controller and motor thereof, for adnexa high tension loop one main contactor of common outfit in parallel and the high pressure precharging circuit with preliminary filling resistance and preliminary filling catalyst of electric automobile capacitive load, each adnexa loop is equipped with independent DC current fuse；
Described high tension distribution system must be equipped with always bearing D.C. contactor and manual maintenance service switch (MSD)；Described high tension distribution system mesohigh connectivity port must adopt high-tension connector, and high-tension connector must with high-voltage interlocking and machinery foolproof function.
In high-tension electricity preliminary filling process, described intelligent high-pressure control unit is according to whether voltage difference and the capacitive load preliminary filling feedback signal comprehensive descision high pressure preliminary filling at corresponding main contactor two ends complete, and then control preliminary filling catalyst and main contactor realize the preliminary filling to capacitive load loop and power on；
According to preliminary filling resistance states, main contactor state, preliminary filling catalyst state and DC current fuse state, described intelligent high-pressure control unit judges that whether preliminary filling resistance, main contactor, preliminary filling catalyst and DC current fuse be normal respectively, and diagnosing malfunction and the classification when abnormal, to corresponding component.
At the status monitoring circuit that the parallel connection of the two ends of each malfunction monitoring object is in series by unilateral diode, low pressure accessory power supply, state resistance and low tension switch, the state of failure judgement monitoring object during by the voltage at detection state resistance two ends.
In the present embodiment, signal acquiring system Real-time Collection voltage, electric current, Insulation monitoring signal, high voltage component state, high-voltage interlocking signal, car appearance sensor, density of hydrogen, temperature signal etc.；High-voltage intelligent control unit includes high pressure power-on and power-off control, the control of high pressure preliminary filling, high-voltage interlocking monitoring, high-tension electricity troubleshooting, automatic fault selftesting, CAN communication and fault self-diagnosis；High tension distribution system includes high voltage electric energy distribution, the control of high-tension electricity break-make, loop overcurrent protection, precharging circuit；Electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system is connected by CAN with entire car controller (VCU), battery management system (BMS) and display respectively；Electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system is connected by high-voltage conducting wires with electrokinetic cell, charger, electric machine controller and high pressure accessory device respectively, and charger can include DC charging seat, exchange both Vehicular chargers or one；High pressure accessory device includes air pump system, oil pump systems, DC/DC changer, mounted air conditioner system, defrosting system all of which or part；Electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system according to the difference of electric automobile drive form, can be powered to all electric machine controllers, including front-rear axle drive motor controller and engine controller；The high pressure accessory device of electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system power supply must include DC/DC changer, DC/DC changer is for charging to low tension battery, low-voltage electric energy is supplied the equipment of the there is a need to low-voltage electric energy of electric automobile by accumulator, manages system, VCU, BMS including intelligent high-pressure.
By above structure, intelligent high-pressure management system mesohigh distribution system is as actuator, and high-voltage intelligent control unit is for coordinating and control the troubleshooting of car load high-tension electricity and normal power-on and power-off.High tension distribution system includes the hardware such as D.C. contactor, DC current fuse, preliminary filling resistance, manual maintenance service switch (MSD), high direct voltage adapter, high-voltage control circuit, various sensors, the signals such as various voltages that signal acquiring system collects, electric current, Che Zi, high-voltage interlocking pass to high-voltage intelligent control unit, by the circuit in high-voltage intelligent control unit, the signal of feedback is processed, it is achieved the detection to car load running status；High-voltage intelligent control unit is set up Mishap Database, and fault is carried out grade separation, and develop corresponding control strategy complete vehicle under different faults state and normal transport condition under high-tension electricity power on and lower electric control logic；High-voltage intelligent control unit is developed CAN communication circuit, it is achieved the data sharing of intelligent high-pressure management system and each control unit of car load, and obey the control of entire car controller；High-voltage intelligent control unit sets up failure code, when high-tension electricity fault occurs in realization, fault is carried out self diagnosis, and fault and diagnostic result are preserved with the form of code, so that realized display by CAN on a display screen and report to the police, and subsequent artefacts fixes a breakdown and carries out reference.
As it is shown on figure 3, a kind of extended-range electric motor coach intelligent high-pressure management system peripherals parts connection diagram of the present invention.When vehicle is in normal transport condition, electrokinetic cell and engine controller all can manage system to intelligent high-pressure and provide high voltage electric energy, manage system by intelligent high-pressure and provide high voltage electric energy to drive motor controller and accessory device, wherein accessory device includes air pump system, oil pump systems, DC/DC changer, mounted air conditioner system, defrosting system, HVDC electric energy is transformed into threephase AC electric energy supply drive motor by drive motor controller, drive motor converts electric energy to mechanical energy and passes to wheel by decelerator so that vehicle travels；When vehicle is in Brake energy recovery state, drive motor converts the mechanical energy that wheel feeds back to electric energy, converting threephase AC electric energy to HVDC electric energy supply intelligent high-pressure management system by drive motor controller, intelligent management system can by electric energy supply vehicle accessory system or to power battery charging according to the self-energy demand of now vehicle；When vehicle is in parking generating state, driven by engine electromotor, electromotor converts mechanical energy into threephase AC electric energy, by the change action of engine controller, converts HVDC electric energy to, manages system to power battery charging by intelligent high-pressure；When vehicle is in charged state, by vehicle-mounted AC charging machine or DC charging seat, HVDC electric energy is managed system to power battery charging by intelligent high-pressure.In the accessory device, the HVDC electric energy that intelligent high-pressure is managed system and provides by DC/DC changer converts low-voltage electric energy to, charging a battery, accumulator provides low-voltage electric energy to battery management system (BMS), entire car controller (VCU), intelligent high-pressure management system.Battery management system (BMS), entire car controller (VCU), display carry out data exchange by CAN with intelligent high-pressure management system.Obviously, in legend, each drive motor when drive motor controller can include propons drive motor, rear bridge driven motor or adopt four motors independently to drive, but each drive motor controller and electric system need to be equipped with independent high voltage supply loop.
Electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system mesohigh distribution system must include D.C. contactor, DC current fuse, preliminary filling resistance, manual maintenance service switch (MSD), high direct voltage adapter, high-voltage control circuit, current sensor is stated the loop of each independent electric machine controller and motor thereof in electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system and is equipped with a D.C. contactor and DC current fuse and states DC charging loop and the parallel connection of AC charging loop in electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system and share same D.C. contactor, but DC charging loop and AC charging loop need to individually be equipped with different DC current fuses, as DC charging or AC charging only exist one, then only need a high tension loop；In electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system, accessory device is divided into capacitive load loop and resistive load loop, capacitive load adnexa parallel connection shares same D.C. contactor, but different accessory devices need to be equipped with different DC fuses, resistive load adnexa parallel connection shares same D.C. contactor, but different accessory devices need to be equipped with different DC fuses；The electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management main negative loop of system mesohigh is equipped with total negative D.C. contactor, and adopts high pressure cathode traces altogether；Electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system mesohigh positive pole major loop is equipped with MSD, MSD and possesses interlock function, is used for interlocking total negative D.C. contactor.In electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system, electric machine controller and electric system high tension loop and capacitive load loop need to individually be equipped with high pressure preliminary filling loop, and each high pressure preliminary filling loop is furnished with independent preliminary filling resistance and preliminary filling D.C. contactor.In electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system, drive motor high tension loop and charging high tension loop realize mechanical interlocked by low-voltage relay.In electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system, all high pressure connection port must adopt HVDC adapter, and the core number of adapter is indefinite, but must with high-voltage interlocking (HVIL) and machinery Anti-misplug function.Electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system mesohigh major loop is equipped with DC current sensor, the current signal of detection is fed back to high-voltage intelligent control unit.
Preferably, as, in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the high-tension circuit figure and low-voltage control circuit figure of a kind of pure electric coach high tension distribution system of the present invention, designed pure electric coach adopts single motor to drive, and is only equipped with direct current quick charge one charging modes.KM1～KM7 represents drive circuit preliminary filling catalyst respectively, drive circuit main contactor, accessory contact device, adnexa preliminary filling catalyst, defrosting catalyst, DC charging catalyst, total negative catalyst, F1～F8 represents principal current fuse respectively, drive circuit current fuse, DC/DC current fuse, air pump system current fuse, oil pump systems current fuse, air conditioning system current fuse, defrosting system power fuse, DC charging current fuse, R1 and R2 represents main drive circuit preliminary filling resistance and adnexa loop preliminary filling resistance respectively, KA represents low-voltage relay.DC/DC changer, air pump system, oil pump systems, air conditioning system are capacitive load, employing KM3 in parallel is uniformly controlled, and is connected being respectively configured different DC current fuse F3, F4, F5, F6, KM4 and R2, it is connected in parallel on KM3 two ends, it is achieved the preliminary filling to capacitive load loop；Defrosting system is resistive load, KM5 individually control, it is not necessary to preliminary filling, configures independent DC current fuse F7；Charger only has direct current quick charge, adopts KM6 individually to control, configures independent DC current fuse F8；Drive motor loop adopts KM2 individually to control, and configures independent DC current fuse F2, KM1 and R1 and is connected, is connected in parallel on KM2 two ends, it is achieved the preliminary filling to drive motor controller.Being in series with current transformer and MSD on high pressure major loop, the current signal of detection is fed back to high-voltage intelligent control unit and processes by current transformer, is integrated with F1, and is controlled the low-voltage control circuit of KM7 by high-voltage interlocking in MSD.Drive motor loop, capacitive accessory load loop, resistive accessory load loop, charger loop are all connected in parallel on the current sensor rear end on electrokinetic cell major loop.High voltage negative adopts negative pole mode altogether, at power battery cathode major loop series connection KM7, is used for controlling car load high direct voltage negative pole.Insulation tester is at the voltage signal of the electrokinetic cell both positive and negative polarity linkage section collection high pressure of high tension distribution system.When car key is in ACC shelves, KM7 closes automatically；No matter low-voltage relay KA achieves vehicle charging and travels, KM4 can close, and adnexa is carried out preliminary filling, makes DC/DC changer be constantly in duty again through programme-control, and other adnexaes are in optional duty；Low-voltage relay KA achieves vehicle when charging, KM1 cannot close, namely drive circuit cannot be carried out preliminary filling by drive circuit preliminary filling catalyst, and then drive circuit cannot power on, at this duration of work, also needing the strict cooperation of power-up routine and charging procedure, controlling end 4,5,6 is all directly sent signal control by entire car controller (VCU).
Low-voltage signal is fed back to high-voltage intelligent control unit for monitoring the interlocking state of car load high tension loop in real time by the interlock function of high direct voltage adapter by electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system mesohigh distribution system mesohigh interlocking detection function, and by CAN network, interlocking state is realized car load data sharing.
Preferably, as in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, a kind of pure electric coach high-voltage interlocking implementation schematic diagram of the present invention and a kind of high-voltage interlocking signal detection schematic diagram.System is managed corresponding to the pure electric coach intelligent high-pressure designed by Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, high direct voltage adapter includes power battery cathode, power battery anode, drive circuit positive pole, drive circuit negative pole, DC charging, DC/DC changer, air pump system, oil pump systems air conditioning system, defrosting system 10, feeds back to high-voltage intelligent control unit to realize high-voltage interlocking detection each through will turn on signal.On vehicle before high-tension electricity, accessory power supply VCC first accesses high-voltage interlocking testing circuit module so that FET field effect transistor turns on；Intelligent high-pressure control unit sends SEND and detects signal, detects Return end return voltage value.If not receiving feedback voltage level or feedback voltage level being too low, then show that the connection of the high-tension connector detected is not up to expected results, i.e. high-voltage interlocking fault.
In electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system mesohigh distribution system, fault self-checking brake need to detect each D.C. contactor contacts status, preliminary filling resistance states, DC current fuse state.
Preferably, in Fig. 8, described electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system at D.C. contactor two ends parallel connection unilateral diode, low pressure accessory power supply, resistance, low tension switch, judges D.C. contactor contacts status by detecting the magnitude of voltage at resistance two ends by intelligent control unit.When vehicle high-voltage electricity has powered on or occurs that high-tension electricity powers on after failure, D.C. contactor electric shock testing circuit starts, as close in magnitude of voltage and auxiliary low pressure power values detected, then show the closing of contact, and as detected, magnitude of voltage is equal to 0, then show that contact disconnects.
Preferably, in Fig. 9, described electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system at DC current fuse two ends parallel connection unilateral diode, low pressure accessory power supply, resistance, low tension switch, judges DC current fuse state by detecting the magnitude of voltage at resistance two ends by intelligent control unit.When high tension loop occur high-tension electricity be not turned on or parts cannot normal operation time, cut off the high voltage electric energy in this loop, DC current fuse detected, as close in magnitude of voltage and auxiliary low pressure power values detected, then show that current fuse is intact；As detected, magnitude of voltage is zero or close to zero, then show that current fuse blows.
Preferably, in Figure 10, described electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system at preliminary filling resistance two ends parallel connection unilateral diode, low pressure accessory power supply, resistance, low tension switch, judges preliminary filling resistance states by detecting the magnitude of voltage at resistance two ends by intelligent control unit.When there is preliminary filling failure in vehicle, cutoff high electricity, preliminary filling resistance is carried out Autonomous test, such as the magnitude of voltage detected and u1Approximately equal, then show that preliminary filling resistance is intact；As detected, magnitude of voltage is zero or is far smaller than u1, then show that preliminary filling resistance burns.Wherein:
E1 is low pressure accessory power supply voltage, and R1 is detection resistance, and R is preliminary filling resistance；
In Figure 11, a kind of electric automobile insulation detecting circuit schematic diagram.When measuring, first disconnect S1 and S2, measure a positive and negative busbar voltage-to-ground Vp and VN, then according to Vp and VNSize determine R0It is and just over the ground or on negative circuit over the ground, is operating S1 and S2, measuring one group of positive and negative voltage-to-ground VpNAnd VNNOr (Vpp and VNp)。
Try to achieve insulating resistance value:
Work as Vp≥VNTime, insulation resistance Ri:
Work as Vp<VNTime, insulation resistance Ri:
In Figure 12, a kind of pure electric coach car load CAN network structure chart.Car load high speed CAN network is divided into three tunnels: CAN_1, CAN_2, CAN_3, wherein CAN_1 is responsible for carrying out data communication with all parts of relating in vehicle travel process, and its parts include VCU, electric machine controller (MCU), high-voltage intelligent control unit, oil pump controller, air pump controller, defrosting controller, DC/DC controller, air-conditioner controller, instrument display controller, BMS；CAN_2 is responsible in Vehicular charging process contacting between direct-current charging post and BMS, and when Vehicular charging, the charging feedback signal obtained is sent to VCU by BMS, VCU realize the control to high voltage control unit, and then realize car load charging；CAN_3 belongs to the communication network in BMS and electrokinetic cell between individual module, unrelated with the CAN network of Full Vehicle System.LECU identifies the individual module control unit of electrokinetic cell, for gathering the detail parameters of the one group of electrokinetic cell being cascaded.Instrument display control unit will be except collecting bus message, and be wrapped into issuing outside display screen, also need to change the data of heterogeneous networks, it is achieved data sharing, serve as the effect of gateway.
Preferably, in Figure 13, Figure 14 and Figure 15, in the fault diagnosis of intelligent high-pressure management system and troubleshooting, the fault belonging positions comprised is power assembly and CAN network, adopts the non-standard fault code of Figure 13.Power assembly includes entire car controller (VCU), accessory system, drive motor and electric machine controller, instrument display control unit, intelligent high-pressure management system, electrokinetic cell and battery management system, distinguishing these systems with code bit 3, definition is as shown in figure 14.Adopting code bit 4 failure definition parts, code bit 5 represents same position difference parts, and code bit 6 represents fault type.Code bit 4 defines as shown in figure 15.If place, position 4 fault does not have diverse location, then code bit 5 all sets to 0；If any diverse location, then from 1～15 respectively represent diverse location parts, represent respectively such as 1～7 KM1, KM2, KM3, KM3, KM4, KM5, KM6, KM7, other positions retain standby.Code bit 6 representing fault type, as D.C. contactor has burning glutinous and can not close two kinds of faults, then represents with 1 and 2 respectively；Fault as represented is one only, then represent with 0, and other positions all retain standby.
Preferably, in Figure 16, a kind of concrete classification chart of electric automobile high-voltage safety fault level.1 grade of fault includes insulation resistance 1, stops in emergency, collides, short circuit, rollover, drive motor and 1 grade of fault of electric machine controller；2 grades of faults include total voltage too high 1, total voltage too low 1, discharge current excessive 1, charging current excessive 1, temperature too high 1, monomer voltage too high 1, monomer voltage too low 1, temperature too low 1, SOC too low 1, insulation resistance 2, BMS communication failure, temperature sensor fault, drive motor and 2 grades of faults of control, VCU communication failure, VCU hardware fault, VCU software fault, VCU controls logic fault, high-voltage interlocking fault, density of hydrogen fault 1, DC/DC changer hardware fault, air pump system hardware fault, oil pump systems hardware fault；3 grades of faults include whole group of voltage unbalanced 1, bulk temperature unbalanced 1, total voltage too high 2, total voltage too low 2, discharge current excessive 2, charging current excessive 2, temperature too high 2, monomer voltage too high 2, monomer voltage too low 2, temperature too low 2, SOC too low 2, voltage sensor fault, drive motor and 3 grades of faults of control, motor speed fault, D.C. contactor fault, density of hydrogen fault 2, DC/DC changer communication failure, air pump system communication failure, oil pump systems communication failure；4 grades of faults include that whole group of voltage is unbalanced 2, bulk temperature is unbalanced 2, drive motor and control 4 grades of faults, the defrosting system failure, air conditioning system fault.
Preferably, in Figure 17, the process substantially mode figure of a kind of electric automobile high-voltage electricity different brackets fault.12, the fault that car load high-tension electricity is relevant is divided into four grades by high-voltage intelligent control unit: under 1 grade of fault, cuts off D.C. contactor the D.C. contactor according to different faults cut-out different circuit, and acousto-optic continuous alarm and LED screen show；Under 2 grades of faults, vehicle running power gradually reduces, and till vehicle stops, and acousto-optic continuous alarm and LED screen show；Under 3 grades of faults, limiting vehicle output and speed, till vehicle stops, and acousto-optic continuous alarm and LED screen show and remind human pilot pulling over observing to check；Under 4 grades of faults, sound and light alarm and LED screen show and remind human pilot pulling over observing to overhaul.
Preferably, in Figure 18, a kind of electric automobile high-voltage electricity preliminary filling control strategy flow chart.The preliminary filling feedback signal of intelligent high-pressure control unit voltage difference value and capacitive load by gathering main contactor two ends judges high pressure precharging state, and then control preliminary filling catalyst and main contactor realize the precharge function to electric machine controller and electric system loop and capacitive load loop.In preliminary filling process, such as the failure of first time preliminary filling, entrance prolongation time preliminary filling again, such as still preliminary filling failure, just report preliminary filling fault, high-voltage intelligent control unit enters preliminary filling automatic fault selftesting and self diagnostic mode.
Preferably, in Figure 19, a kind of electric automobile high-voltage electricity powers on control strategy.Power-on self-test refers to that corresponding parts are carried out self-inspection by vehicle after low tension powers on, and as self-inspection is not passed through, should show corresponding fault；The catalyst fault detected before that powers on is catalyst cannot normally closed fault；Such as initial fault failure when powering on, program will automatically prolong pre-charging time, again preliminary filling, get rid of the too short preliminary filling failure caused of pre-charging time, such as the failure of second time preliminary filling, then entrance preliminary filling debugger；The eliminating of preliminary filling fault, mainly detects corresponding circuit current fuse, preliminary filling resistance, preliminary filling catalyst；Wherein the fault of preliminary filling catalyst is exactly that catalyst burns glutinous.
Preferably, in Figure 20, electric control strategy under a kind of electric automobile high-voltage electricity.Electric automobile needs before electricity fault is detected in real time under high-tension electricity, and only after VCU receives car load cutoff command, motor speed is reduced to setting value, just enters lower electric control program.Under high-tension electricity in electric process, being initially switched off drive circuit catalyst, then cut off adnexa loop catalyst, final cutting is negative catalyst always.
Preferably, in Figure 21, a kind of electric automobile high-voltage electricity charging control strategy.When Vehicular charging, car key should be at ON fire screen, after receiving charging instruction, drive circuit catalyst KM2 need to be carried out occlusion detection, it is determined that it disconnects, and could close charging contactor KM6；In charging process, the faults such as insulation, short circuit, density of hydrogen, temperature, overcurrent need to be detected in real time, when this fault occurs, need to show in time, and require that charger cuts off output, as charger does not cut off output within the corresponding time, should directly cut off charging contactor KM6；Nonemergency, before cutting off charging contactor KM6, need to be initially switched off the output of charger, after the electric current detected is less than setting value, could enter the program cutting off charging contactor KM6.Charging complete, it is possible to jointly detected by SOC value and total voltage two indices, only needs one and reaches setting value, namely represent charging complete.
In level fault, discuss insulation, collision, overturning, short circuit, five class faults of stopping in emergency.When insulation fault occurs in vehicle, it should directly cut off total negative catalyst KM7, to protect human pilot and occupant's to avoid shock hazard；Collision occurs and during overturning fault at vehicle, drive circuit catalyst KM2 should be cut off immediately, when the speed of vehicle being detected less than the value of regulation, then cut off total negative catalyst KM7.When vehicle collision occurs and overturns, in order to make vehicle still can adjust car appearance by the intervention of driver, accessory device must also in duty；When vehicle speed is close to zero, vehicle can not travel, in order to avoid the secondary electric shock that electrokinetic cell brings to personnel, now should cut off total negative catalyst KM7 immediately；When short trouble occurs, all parts should be passed through and detect the loop that short circuit occurs in time, and detect the on off operating mode of corresponding circuit current fuse and major loop fuse F1 in time；As short trouble occurs in drive circuit, catalyst KM2 should be cut off in time, and control vehicle pulling over observing；As short trouble occurs in major loop, catalyst KM7 should be cut off in time, and stop；As short trouble occurs in adnexa loop, and detecting that corresponding circuit current fuse fuses, vehicle can continue to travel, and drives to place of safety and overhauls；When fault occurs stopping in emergency in vehicle, owing to being the break-make controlling total negative catalyst KM7, band load is cut off, and easily causes catalyst and burns glutinous, so time should detect the break-make situation of KM7 in time, in order to judge to stop in emergency whether success.For emergency stop push button, the non-accident jeopardizing life safety that runs into, unusable.
Preferably, in Figure 22, in secondary failure, the fault of the vehicle access component limit, now should constantly reduce the output of vehicle, it is judged that whether its fault can jump to next grade, still continue as reduced its fault of output, now vehicle is it have to be reminded that driver is stopped, and as driver does not intervene, just should enter automatic retarding car-parking model；In secondary failure, such as sensor fault, communication failure, program mal, hardware fault etc., minimizing power also cannot make failure vanishes, now vehicle should reduce output, and remind human pilot parking maintenance, if driver is without intervention signal, vehicle should enter automatic retarding car-parking model；For the secondary failure in electrokinetic cell, general minimizing vehicle output, fault level reduces and may reduce；For the secondary failure of the unrepairable that hardware or software produce, need not failure judgement grade again, will be directed into subtracting the artificial shutdown phase of power or automatic stopping stage.Wherein, the judgement of manual intervention signal, adopt now continuously brake pedal signal to judge whether vehicle has artificial parking trend.
Preferably, in Figure 23, in three grades of faults, the same with secondary failure, there is recoverability fault and non-recoverability fault, wherein recoverability fault is main relevant to electrokinetic cell fault, and its decision content belongs to the warning value of electrokinetic cell parameter；Non-reparation thinks fault, main with hardware thus relevant, only by overhauling after stopping and replacing hardware could solve this fault.
The of short duration traveling of vehicle is not mainly affected by level Four fault, now only fault need to be displayed, warns, preserve, for driver stop heel row except and detect fault.
Above example is merely to illustrate a kind of implementation of the present invention, its object is to make those skilled in the art will appreciate that present disclosure and implement according to this, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment.So, all equivalent variations made according to disclosed principle, mentality of designing or modification, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. an electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system, it is characterised in that: it includes signal acquiring system, intelligent high-pressure control unit and high tension distribution system；Wherein
Described signal acquiring system is for Real-time Collection travel condition of vehicle, fault detect Obj State and car appearance state；Described Real-time Collection travel condition of vehicle includes the high-voltage interlocking signal of the voltage and current of each high tension loop, car load High-Voltage Insulation grade, density of hydrogen, speed, electrokinetic cell voltage and each high-tension connector mesohigh interlock；Described Real-time Collection malfunction monitoring Obj State includes the contacts status of each D.C. contactor in each high tension loop, preliminary filling resistance states and DC current fuse state；Described Real-time Collection car appearance state include on fire, collide, data of tumbling；
Described intelligent high-pressure control unit accepts the instruction of VCU and/or BMS, high tension distribution system is made to carry out normal distribution to vehicle high-voltage equipment, execution result is fed back to VCU and/or BMS, the vehicle real-time, interactive data from VCU and/or BMS according to the data of signal acquiring system collection and reception simultaneously, high tension distribution system is carried out fault diagnosis and detection, fault type is determined according to default Mishap Database, make high tension distribution system perform high-tension electricity break-make under each fault type preset and control logic, and diagnostic result is preserved and sends；The preservation of data, mutual, transmission all employing CAN network communications；
Described high tension distribution system is for by the instruction of intelligent high-pressure control unit, carrying out high voltage electric energy distribution, the control of high-tension electricity break-make, loop overcurrent protection and high pressure preliminary filling to each high pressure equipment of electric automobile.
2. a kind of electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described high tension distribution system is equipped with a main contactor, DC current fuse and a high pressure precharging circuit with preliminary filling resistance and preliminary filling catalyst in the high tension loop of each electric machine controller and motor thereof, for adnexa high tension loop one main contactor of common outfit in parallel and the high pressure precharging circuit with preliminary filling resistance and preliminary filling catalyst of electric automobile capacitive load, each adnexa loop is equipped with independent DC current fuse；
Described high tension distribution system is equipped with total negative D.C. contactor and manual maintenance service switch；Described high tension distribution system mesohigh connectivity port adopts the high-tension connector with high-voltage interlocking and machinery foolproof function.
3. a kind of electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in high-tension electricity preliminary filling process, described intelligent high-pressure control unit is according to whether voltage difference and the capacitive load preliminary filling feedback signal comprehensive descision high pressure preliminary filling at corresponding main contactor two ends complete, and then control preliminary filling catalyst and main contactor realize the preliminary filling to capacitive load loop and power on；
According to preliminary filling resistance states, main contactor state, preliminary filling catalyst state and DC current fuse state, described intelligent high-pressure control unit judges that whether preliminary filling resistance, main contactor, preliminary filling catalyst and DC current fuse be normal respectively, and diagnosing malfunction and the classification when abnormal, to corresponding component.
4. a kind of electric automobile intelligent high-pressure management system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the status monitoring circuit being in series by unilateral diode, low pressure accessory power supply, state resistance and low tension switch in the parallel connection of the two ends of each malfunction monitoring object, the state of failure judgement monitoring object during by the voltage at detection state resistance two ends.
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| 张俊: "纯电动汽车高压电安全监控系统研究", 《屮国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》 * |
| 龙成冰等: "电动汽车用电流熔断器的选型与试验研究", 《武汉理工大学学报（信息与管理工程版）》 * |
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