CN105772692A - Forming method and device for metal parts - Google Patents

Forming method and device for metal parts Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105772692A
CN105772692A CN201610325064.8A CN201610325064A CN105772692A CN 105772692 A CN105772692 A CN 105772692A CN 201610325064 A CN201610325064 A CN 201610325064A CN 105772692 A CN105772692 A CN 105772692A
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China
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closed
liquid forging
molten metal
liquid
mould cavity
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CN201610325064.8A
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CN105772692B (en
Inventor
辛选荣
杨永顺
梁坤
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Qinhan Precision Industrials Co Ltd
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Qinhan Precision Industrials Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/09Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a forming method and device for metal parts. The forming method for the metal parts comprises the following steps that firstly, a liquid forging upper die and a liquid forging lower die of the forming device are closed so that a closed die cavity can be defined, wherein the closed die cavity is located at the closing position higher than a final position for liquid forge piece forming; secondly, molten metal in a smelter is injected into the closed die cavity located at the closing position through a liquid conveying channel; and thirdly, the liquid forging upper die and the liquid forging lower die are oppositely compressed, the closed die cavity containing the molten metal is compressed to the final position so that the liquid metal in the closed die cavity can be solidified. According to the forming method and device for the metal parts, the molten metal enters the closed die cavity through the closed conveying channel and an inclined runner after the liquid forging upper die and the liquid forging lower die are closed into the closed die cavity, in this way, the molten metal does not make contact with the atmosphere before entering the closed die cavity, the exposure time of the molten metal in the atmospheric environment during liquid die forging is shortened, and the quality of finally-forged castings is improved.

Description

The manufacturing process of a kind of metal parts and forming device
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacturing process of a kind of metal parts and forming device.
Background technology
At present, flange type part is usually certain manufacturing process of employing and shapes, and then its product carries out machining to obtain final products.Flange part is divided into common flange part and has the flange part of inner flange.For the part of common flange, manufacturing process is more, it is possible to adopt casting method, such as die casting, low pressure casting etc., can also adopting plastic molding method, such as forging, extruding, spreading etc., wherein casting method is less costly, but due to its process characteristic, product tissue, mechanical property and air-tightness are not high, and yield rate is low, and quality not easily ensures, seal vessel flange especially for pressure vessel, high-voltage switch gear, then helpless.The microstructure and mechanical property of forged flange is better, but forging method allowance is big, and stock utilization is low, and processing cost is high;It is good that pressing method has part performance, precision high, but mould structure is complicated, forming pressure, and processing cost is high;Roll milling forming can ensure that product quality, reduces cost, but needs Special Equipment.For having the flange part of inner flange, casting method is equally applicable, and shortcoming is obvious equally;The difficulty of plastic processing method increases, more costly.And for the flange part in non-axis symmetry inner flange hole, the difficulty of forging extrusion process is bigger, roll milling forming is not feasible.
Liquid forging is a kind of new technology between cast form and Plastic Forming, the advantage having concentrated both technique.Liquid forging process is that the liquid metal pouring in mould is imposed higher mechanical pressure so that it is eliminates casting flaw during solidification and produces certain plastic deformation, thus obtaining a kind of method of high-quality product.Having lowering energy-saving and the high feature of stock utilization, the mechanical property of its product can close to or up the forging level of same alloy.But noting in mould by molten metal before liquid forging, conventional pouring procedure labor intensity is big, and the oxidation impurities easily caused by metal liquid that works in exposed environment increases, reduce casting quality and contaminated environment.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the liquid forging manufacturing process of a kind of metal parts that can carry out quantitative pouring, present invention also offers the forming device of a kind of manufacturing process being exclusively used in and implementing this metal parts simultaneously.
In order to realize object above, in the present invention, the technical scheme of the manufacturing process of metal parts is as follows:
The manufacturing process of metal parts, comprises the following steps:
Step one, forges the liquid of forming device upper mould and liquid forging counterdie Guan Bi and encloses closed mould cavity, and closed mould cavity is in the make position higher than the final position of liquid forging forming;
Step 2, injects molten metal in smelting furnace in closed mould cavity in the close position through infusion channel;
Counterdie is relative compresses for step 3, the upper mould of liquid forging and liquid forging, and the closed mould cavity containing molten metal is compressed to final position, makes the molten metal in closed mould cavity flow under stress, crystallization and solidification shrinkage are configured to liquid forging.
In step 2, molten metal stops when filling closed mould cavity in the close position injecting.
The method stopping molten metal injection is: removes the injection pressure on smelting furnace, closes the outlet of infusion channel, and make molten metal unnecessary in infusion channel flow backward in smelting furnace.
In the present invention, the technical scheme of forming device is as follows:
Forming device, including for the relatively closed upper mould of liquid forging and liquid forging counterdie, the upper mould of liquid forging and liquid forging counterdie have the final position of the final die forging size for forming liquid forging and the make position higher than final position after relatively closed, closed mould cavity at the volume of make position more than the volume of final position, liquid forging counterdie offers the mold runner for connecting closed mould cavity when make position, mold runner is communicated with smelting furnace, mold runner and the conveying pipe composition conveying flow passage for molten metal and air being separated between smelting furnace and closed mould cavity by carrying pipe.
Also include the control valve for controlling infusion channel break-make.
Controlling the check valve that valve is the outlet break-make for controlling mold runner, check valve is for making to make in the unidirectional inflow closed mould cavity of molten metal and when the closed mould cavity of make position fills the backflow of molten metal in die cavity.
Check valve includes the valve rod that guiding movement along the vertical direction is assemblied on the upper mould of liquid forging, and the lower end of valve rod is the sealed end for blocking mold runner, and is provided with the spring for being pressed downward against ovable valve stem between mould on valve rod and liquid forging.
Liquid forging counterdie be provided with upper end open die and in slide up and down seal assembling backing-out punch, described mold runner has the inclined flow passage being in below backing-out punch and the conduit being fixed in the outlet of inclined flow passage, and conduit is slidable in the vertical direction sealing and is installed on backing-out punch.
The upper mould of liquid forging is provided with the core being slidable in the vertical direction sealing assembling, the closed mould cavity of described make position is the annular compartment when core top is press-fitted in the end face of backing-out punch, between outer peripheral face and the internal face of die of core, and the end face of backing-out punch is provided with the connection horizontal running channel between conduit and closed mould cavity when fluid injection position.
Smelting furnace and infusion channel are in the lower section of closed mould cavity.
In the present invention, molten metal is after on liquid is forged, mould and liquid forging counterdie are closed into the closed mould cavity of closing, enter in closed mould cavity again through the infusion channel closed, will avoid that molten metal contact atmospheric environment before entering closed mould cavity, thus decreasing the time that in liquid forging, molten metal exposes in atmospheric environment, optimize working environment during shaping, decrease the content of oxidation impurities in molten metal simultaneously, improve the quality of liquid forging.
Further, molten metal stops when filling closed mould cavity injecting, simultaneously when closing the outlet of conduit, molten metal unnecessary in infusion channel is flowed back in smelting furnace, namely in closed mould cavity, molten metal is injected by the mode of low pressure casting, mode again through liquid forging makes to flow under molten metal certain pressure, crystallization and solidification shrinkage are configured to liquid forging, so can pass through the liquid inlet volume of the volumetric void fraction molten metal of closed mould cavity, without arranging quantitative pouring apparatus between smelting furnace and mould, thus shortening processing step, simplify the structure of forming device, this forming device can be used on common hydraulic press.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the forming device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of liquid forging prepared by the manufacturing process of the present invention.
In accompanying drawing, liquid forging 1, interior punch 2, core 3, compression spring 4, valve rod 5, valve spring 6, outer punch 7, fixed cover 8, upper bolster 9, die shoe 10, water collar 11, die 12, backing plate 13, push rod 14, backing-out punch 15, conduit 16, conveying pipe 17, air injection pipe 18, smelting furnace 19, molten metal 20, cannelure a, inclined flow passage c, horizontal running channel b.
Detailed description of the invention
The embodiment of forming device in the present invention: as it is shown in figure 1, this forming device is the compound molding device of a kind of aluminium alloy flange part with inner flange, be mainly made up of liquid forging mould and running gate system two parts.The structure of liquid forging to be prepared is as shown in Figure 2.
Liquid forging mould is mainly forged upper mould by the liquid being oppositely arranged up and down and liquid forging counterdie forms, wherein the upper mould of liquid forging is for being connected to the moved cross beam of hydraulic press, liquid forging counterdie for being connected to the workbench of hydraulic press, by forged by the liquid upper mould of forging and liquid the reciprocal folding of counterdie by liquid forging in the way of prepare liquid forging 1 as shown in Figure 2.
The upper mould of liquid forging includes the upper bolster 9 for being connected with the moved cross beam of hydraulic press, and the lower end of upper bolster 9 is connected by screw the fixed cover 8 for solid punch;Described punch includes outer punch 7 and the interior punch 2 of coaxial package;Fix on upper bolster 9 by the flange on the counterbore on fixed cover 8 and outer punch 7 with the use of axially pushing up to press solidly by outer punch 7, by outer punch 7, interior punch 2 is fixed on upper bolster 9 with same method;The lower end of interior punch 2 is provided with the shaping seam of the annular being on periphery, and the wall of this shaping seam and the internal face of outer punch 7 surround the grooving of annular, for shaping the cylindrical portions of flange part;Interference fits is adopted between internal face and the outside wall surface of interior punch 2 of outer punch 7, and offer vertically extending exhaust trench on the mating surface of interior punch 2, the trough wall surface of this exhaust trench and the mating surface of outer punch 7 surround exhaust clearance, the gap of exhaust clearance is narrow and small so that can only supplied gas pass through without flowing into molten metal in low pressure casting process.It is slidable in the vertical direction sealing in interior punch 2 and is equipped with core 3, the upper end of core 3 is provided with outward flange, the height of this outward flange is less than the degree of depth of the upper end counterbore of interior punch 2, and difference between the two is more than the drafts h of the upper mould self-closing position of liquid forging to final position;The upper end of core 3 also coaxially offers the installing blind of upper end open, lower end closed, the compression spring 4 being pressed downward against ejector half core 3 it is equipped with in installing blind, core 3 is contacted after the mold is closed, thus jointly surrounding closed mould cavity with punch, die, backing-out punch with counterdie backing-out punch 15.
Liquid forging counterdie includes the die shoe 10 for being connected with the workbench of hydraulic press, die shoe 10 is fixedly connected with backing plate 13 and die 12 by screw, die 12 is in the top of backing plate 13, backing plate 13 is provided with the backing-out punch 15 that the inwall slipper seal with die 12 is assembled, backing-out punch 15 is arranged below push rod 14, push rod 14 is slidable in the vertical direction being assemblied in backing plate 13 and die shoe 10, and push rod 14 and backing-out punch 15 form ejecting mechanism, and the liftout tank of push rod 14 and hydraulic press is in transmission connection;Offering the inclined flow passage c tilted to the direction away from push rod from top to bottom on backing plate 13, the lower port of this inclined flow passage c is that import, upper port are for exporting.The internal face of die 12 offers the cannelure a being coaxially disposed; this cannelure a is for the convex tendon forming flange part periphery after molten metal cooled and solidified; to force liquid forging 1 to be stranded in die 12 during mould backhaul by convex tendon on liquid is forged, then when ejecting, convex tendon can produce a small amount of deformation and not affect ejecting of liquid forging 1.The periphery of die 12 is set with water collar 11, for the cooling of the water flowing when mold temperature is too high, derives the heat in mould so that it is work at temperature conveniently.
There is a circular hole in the exit of inclined flow passage c, is installed with conduit 16 in circular hole, and conduit 16 endoporus connects with inclined flow passage c;Conduit 16 upper end is installed in backing-out punch 15, and conduit 16 is slidable in the vertical direction with backing-out punch 15 sealing and coordinates, offering cross section on the end face of backing-out punch 15 is trapezoidal horizontal running channel b wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and one end of horizontal running channel b can communicate with conduit 16, the other end and closed mould cavity communicate;Conduit 16 is provided with the upper end valve rod 5 with flange co-axially over, valve rod 5 is in stepped hole up big and down small in core 3, the bar portion of valve rod 5 and the aperture slipper seal assembling in stepped hole, the flange of valve rod 5 is in the macropore of stepped hole, deviating from from stepped hole of valve rod 5 can be stoped, the above of valve rod 5 is top-loaded with valve spring 6, makes valve rod 5 have downward power when matched moulds.Valve spring 6, valve rod 5 and conduit 16 constitute control valve under matched moulds state, and controlling valve is control molten metal one-way flow to the check valve in closed mould cavity.The lower end of valve rod 5 has taper pin structure, and the upper pipes mouthpiece of conduit 16 has taper hole structure, and the taper pin part of valve rod 5 mutually forms cone match with the taper hole of conduit oral area when sleeve coordinates;In injection process, the injection pressure of molten metal can overcome the elastic force of valve spring 6 to back down valve rod 5, it is achieved low-pressure casting;After casting complete, injection pressure is cancelled, and valve rod 5 is closed with conduit 16 under spring force, and closed mould cavity is closed.
Running gate system is in the lower section of closed mould cavity, running gate system is a kind of low-pressure casting system, including smelting furnace 19, smelting furnace 19 is used for heating and store molten metal 20, by carrying pipe 17 to connect between smelting furnace 19 and inclined flow passage c, the upper end of conveying pipe 17 is connected in the import of inclined flow passage c, and the lower end of conveying pipe 17 is inserted in smelting furnace 19, and the lower port of conveying pipe 17 is in below the liquid level of molten metal 20.Smelting furnace 19 is additionally provided with for molten metal is injected the priming device in closed mould cavity by infusion channel, priming device includes the air injection pipe 18 and the compressed air gas source that are inserted on the bell of smelting furnace 19, the lower end of air injection pipe 18 is inserted in smelting furnace 19, and the lower end mouth of pipe of air injection pipe 18 is in the ullage of molten metal 20, with by air injection pipe to after the middle injecting compressed air of smelting furnace, by air pressure, molten metal 20 is pressed in the closed mould cavity of liquid forging mould, conveying pipe 17 in the process, inclined flow passage c, conduit 16 and horizontal running channel b are sequentially communicated and form the infusion channel of linking up smelting furnace inner chamber and die cavity, molten metal and atmospheric environment are separated by the conduit wall of whole infusion channel.
Inclined flow passage c, conduit 16 and horizontal running channel b are sequentially communicated and form mold runner, and this mold runner and tube for transfusion 17 collectively form the infusion channel linking up smelting furnace inner chamber and horizontal running channel.Infusion channel and the composition running gate system such as smelting furnace, priming device.
The embodiment of metal forming method in the present invention: this manufacturing process is the combined shaping method of a kind of aluminium alloy flange part with inner flange, being mainly used in shaping the liquid forging of aluminium alloy flange part as shown in Figure 2, the cylinder 22 that this liquid forging is coaxially disposed by ring flange 21 and the upper end thereof of annular forms.
Manufacturing process comprises the steps:
1) the liquid forging mould of forming device is arranged on forcing press;
2) by component prescription, aluminium alloy is carried out melting to be placed in the smelting furnace 19 of low-pressure casting system;
3) upper for liquid forging mould and liquid forging counterdie are preheated to uniform temperature;
4) after each surface spraying coating of die cavity, hydraulic press goes downwards to make position, and now the liquid of forming device forges upper mould and liquid forging counterdie Guan Bi, liquid forging above mould and liquid forging counterdie enclose closed mould cavity, the right half part of liquid forging mould in Fig. 1;
5) compression air is passed in smelting furnace 19, molten metal 20 in stove is made to pass through under pressure to be injected closed mould cavity by conveying pipe 17, inclined flow passage c, conduit 16, horizontal running channel b, now valve rod 5 can under the pressure effect of molten metal on exercise passage and open, the exhaust clearance in the liquid upper mould of forging of the gas in closed mould cavity is discharged;
6) after closed mould cavity is full of, the molten metal of conduit 16 and following infusion channel flows back in smelting furnace 19, and conduit 16 cuts out by valve rod 5 under elastic component 6 acts on, and makes closed mould cavity completely enclose;
7) the hydraulic press liquid upper mould repressurization of forging with hydrodynamic forging die comes downwards to final position, makes molten metal flow under a certain pressure, crystallization and solidification shrinkage are configured to liquid forging;
8) pressurize terminates, and the upper mould backhaul of liquid forging, ejecting mechanism is up, makes liquid forging demoulding, then ejecting mechanism backhaul;
9) above-mentioned 4 are repeated)~8), complete the shaping of next part.
In post-order process, part step 8) obtained carries out a small amount of follow-up machining and namely heat treatment obtains flange product.When mold temperature is too high, water can be passed in water collar 14 and mould is cooled down.
Be in the porch of interconnection b owing to controlling valve, after controlling valve closedown, the molten metal in interconnection b can be detained wherein, is connected as a single entity with liquid forging after solidification, with the together demoulding of liquid forging in step 8).
In the above-described embodiments, manufacturing process and shaping dies are exclusively used in flange part, in other embodiments, this manufacturing process and forming device are readily adaptable for use in the shaping of other metallic elements, and the upper mould of liquid forging and the liquid forging counterdie of corresponding shaping dies need the concrete shape according to corresponding parts to adapt to adjust.
By above-described embodiment it can be seen that the metal forming method of the present invention can be implemented in accordance with the following steps:
Step one, forges the liquid of forming device upper mould and liquid forging counterdie Guan Bi and encloses closed mould cavity, and closed mould cavity is in the make position higher than the final position of liquid forging forming;
Step 2, injects molten metal in smelting furnace in closed mould cavity in the close position through infusion channel;
Counterdie is relative compresses for step 3, the upper mould of liquid forging and liquid forging, the closed mould cavity containing molten metal is compressed to final position, makes the liquid metal solidification in closed mould cavity shape.

Claims (10)

1. the manufacturing process of metal parts, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step one, forges the liquid of forming device upper mould and liquid forging counterdie Guan Bi and encloses closed mould cavity, and closed mould cavity is in the make position higher than the final position of liquid forging forming;
Step 2, injects molten metal in smelting furnace in closed mould cavity in the close position through infusion channel;
Counterdie is relative compresses for step 3, the upper mould of liquid forging and liquid forging, and the closed mould cavity containing molten metal is compressed to final position, makes the molten metal in closed mould cavity flow under stress, crystallization and solidification shrinkage are configured to liquid forging.
2. the manufacturing process of metal parts according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 2, molten metal stops when filling closed mould cavity in the close position injecting.
3. the manufacturing process of metal parts according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the method stopping molten metal injection is: removes the injection pressure on smelting furnace, closes the outlet of infusion channel, and make molten metal unnecessary in infusion channel flow backward in smelting furnace.
4. forming device, including for the relatively closed upper mould of liquid forging and liquid forging counterdie, the upper mould of liquid forging and liquid forging counterdie have the final position of the final die forging size for forming liquid forging and the make position higher than final position after relatively closed, closed mould cavity at the volume of make position more than the volume of final position, it is characterized in that, liquid forging counterdie offers the mold runner for connecting closed mould cavity when make position, mold runner is communicated with smelting furnace by carrying pipe, mold runner and the conveying pipe composition conveying flow passage for molten metal and air being separated between smelting furnace and closed mould cavity.
5. forming device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that also include the control valve for controlling infusion channel break-make.
6. forming device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, controlling the check valve that valve is the outlet break-make for controlling mold runner, check valve is for making to make in the unidirectional inflow closed mould cavity of molten metal and when the closed mould cavity of make position fills the backflow of molten metal in die cavity.
7. forming device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, check valve includes the valve rod that guiding movement along the vertical direction is assemblied on the upper mould of liquid forging, and the lower end of valve rod is the sealed end for blocking mold runner, and is provided with the spring for being pressed downward against ovable valve stem between mould on valve rod and liquid forging.
8. the forming device according to any one in claim 4 to 7, it is characterized in that, liquid forging counterdie be provided with upper end open die and in slide up and down seal assembling backing-out punch, described mold runner has the inclined flow passage being in below backing-out punch and the conduit being fixed in the outlet of inclined flow passage, and conduit is slidable in the vertical direction sealing and is installed on backing-out punch.
9. forming device according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the upper mould of liquid forging is provided with the core being slidable in the vertical direction sealing assembling, the closed mould cavity of described make position is the annular compartment when core top is press-fitted in the end face of backing-out punch, between outer peripheral face and the internal face of die of core, and the end face of backing-out punch is provided with the connection horizontal running channel between conduit and closed mould cavity when fluid injection position.
10. the forming device according to any one in claim 4 to 7, it is characterised in that smelting furnace and infusion channel are in the lower section of closed mould cavity.
CN201610325064.8A 2016-05-17 2016-05-17 The manufacturing process and building mortion of a kind of metal parts Active CN105772692B (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106378407A (en) * 2016-11-29 2017-02-08 洛阳秦汉精工股份有限公司 Composite semisolid stamp-forging mold device

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