CN105764450A - 支撑皮质边缘的椎间体装置 - Google Patents

支撑皮质边缘的椎间体装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105764450A
CN105764450A CN201480035851.8A CN201480035851A CN105764450A CN 105764450 A CN105764450 A CN 105764450A CN 201480035851 A CN201480035851 A CN 201480035851A CN 105764450 A CN105764450 A CN 105764450A
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China
Prior art keywords
sacculus
traction apparatus
expandable
internal clearance
traction
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Granted
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CN201480035851.8A
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CN105764450B (zh
Inventor
R.洛梅里
K.李
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DePuy Synthes Products Inc
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DePuy Synthes Products Inc
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    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/885Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein
    • A61B17/8852Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein capable of being assembled or enlarged, or changing shape, inside the bone or disc
    • A61B17/8855Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein capable of being assembled or enlarged, or changing shape, inside the bone or disc inflatable, e.g. kyphoplasty balloons
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Abstract

本发明公开了中央可膨胀的牵引器(1)和周边球囊(3),该中央可膨胀的牵引器(1)和周边球囊(3)以未膨胀构型插入椎间隙中。然后使中央可膨胀的牵引器(1)膨胀,从而将椎骨终板牵引到所述中央可膨胀的牵引器(1)的受控高度。然后周边球囊(3)使用可固化物质来膨胀。该周边球囊(3)在用可固化物质对其进行填充时膨胀,并且在中央可膨胀的牵引器(1)周围匹配椎间隙中剩余的空间,从而产生马蹄形状。一旦可流动的材料在周边球囊(3)中已固化,则可塌缩并移除中央膨胀的牵引器。然后使用用于融合的移植物充满所述剩余的空隙(或内部间隙)。

Description

支撑皮质边缘的椎间体装置
背景技术
为了治疗腰痛,外科医生已移除退变的椎间盘并且将融合笼插入椎间隙中。为了使融合手术的创伤最小化,最近更多努力已致力于通过使可固化材料流入已被放置到椎间隙中的球囊中来原位形成融合笼。
美国专利公布2004-0230309(原受让人)公开了用于在相邻椎骨之间植入的矫形装置,该矫形装置包括弧形球囊和位于所述球囊内的可硬化材料。在一些实施例中,球囊具有基本上对应于椎骨终板的周边的占有面积。可通过插管将可膨胀的装置插入椎间隙中并且进行取向使得,在伸展时,将至少部分地恢复椎体之间的自然角度。通过流体流通构件将选自由承载部件和骨生物部件组成的组中的至少一个部件引导到可膨胀的装置中。该公布的图6B公开了椎间隙中的相邻球囊。
美国专利8,007,535(Hudgins)公开了用于治疗退变的椎间盘的注射式环形环。在使用时,环形环可塌缩或折叠以便通过备好的椎间隙中的小开口利用微创技术将其放置到纤维环内。在椎间隙中部署或展开环,提供由环界定的内部腔体,所述环与椎骨终板直接接触。当用可承载的可硬化材料注射或填充时,填充的环保持椎间隙并且防止环从内部腔体穿过小环形开口而脱出。
美国专利6,332,894(Stalcup)公开了用于在相邻椎骨和脊柱之间植入的矫形植入物,包括大体环形的袋以及位于该袋内的硬化的聚合物。使脊柱中的相邻椎骨融合的方法包括以下步骤:在相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘的纤维环中形成出入孔;移除椎间盘内的髓核以形成纤维环围绕的腔;将基本上环形的袋放置在该腔内;用聚合物填充袋;将骨颗粒注射到环形袋包绕的腔内;以及使聚合物硬化。
美国未公布的专利申请2003-0028251(Mathews)公开了用于制备椎间隙以及用于在椎间隙中形成椎间体装置的方法和器械。该器械包括牵引器,所述牵引器使其可放大部分定位在椎间隙中以用于牵引椎间隙。可放大部分还可提供(关于或针对)第一材料的椎间体装置所放置的形式。第二材料可放置在先前由牵引器占据的椎间隙中。
美国未公开的专利申请2005-0119752(Williams)公开了用于治疗退变的和/或受创的椎间盘的装置以及制备该装置的方法。人工椎间盘和椎间盘部件可包括人工髓核和/或人工纤维环,并且可由形状记忆材料组成,所述形状记忆材料被合成以用于实现期望的机械和物理特性。根据本发明的人工髓核和/或纤维环可包括一个或多个中空主体,所述中空主体可用可固化材料填充以用于部署。根据本发明的中空主体可包括用于限定一个或多个腔室的一个或多个分区并且可包括将材料引导流入所述中空主体内的构件。Williams在图19a中公开了两个球囊式设计,包括中央球囊和周边球囊。
植入的椎间体融合笼发生沉陷是融合中已知的风险,并且对具有低骨密度的患者而言发生率更高。Hou和Yuan于2012年在SpineJournal的第12卷第3期第249-256页研究了腰椎终板的结构特性,并且报道终板的周边,特别是在椎弓根附近的后外侧区域中,比中央区域显著更强。他们还指出随着椎间盘逐渐退变,中央区域变得更弱,但是在周边区域中可观察到最小限度的强度变化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是经皮递送周边结构化支撑元件,所述支撑元件在手术后立即支撑负载,同时允许中央移植柱状物形成完全融合。本发明涉及经皮递送大占有面积的结构化支撑件,所述支撑件实质上仅接触终板的骨突环。
根据本发明,中央可膨胀的牵引器和周边球囊可以未膨胀构型插入椎间隙中。然后使中央可膨胀的牵引器膨胀,从而将椎骨终板牵引到中央可膨胀的牵引器的受控高度。
然后周边球囊使用可固化物质来膨胀。周边球囊在用可固化物质对其进行填充时膨胀,并且在中央可膨胀的牵引器周围匹配椎间隙中剩余的空隙,从而产生马蹄形状。
一旦可流动的材料在周边球囊中已固化,则可塌缩并移除中央膨胀的牵引器。然后使用用于融合的移植物充满剩余的空隙(或内部间隙)。
因此,根据本发明,提供了用于形成椎间融合装置的器械,包括:
a)牵引装置,所述牵引装置包括i)具有远侧端部部分的第一管和ii)附接到第一管的远侧端部部分的可膨胀的牵引器,其中可膨胀的牵引器用生物惰性流体填充,
b)融合器组件,所述融合器组件包括i)具有远侧端部部分的第二管和ii)附接到第二管的远侧端部部分的可膨胀的球囊,其中可膨胀的球囊用可固化材料填充并且具有尺寸被设定成跨越椎间隙的高度,
其中第一管的远侧端部部分基本上邻近第二管的远侧端部部分。
因此,根据本发明,提供了用于治疗椎间盘间隙的球囊组件,包括:
a)膨胀的牵引器,所述膨胀的牵引器具有外周边并且尺寸被设定成牵引椎间盘间隙,该膨胀的牵引器用生物惰性流体填充,
b)膨胀的融合器球囊,所述膨胀的融合器球囊形成具有外周边和内表面的形状,该融合器球囊用可固化材料填充,
其中,球囊包绕牵引器,使得融合器球囊的内表面接触膨胀的牵引器的外周边。
因此,根据本发明,提供了用于治疗椎间盘间隙的球囊组件,包括:
a)塌缩的牵引器,所述塌缩的牵引器具有外周边,
b)膨胀的融合器球囊,所述膨胀的融合器球囊形成具有外周边和限定内部间隙的内表面的形状,该融合器球囊用固化材料填充,该球囊的尺寸被设定成牵引椎间盘间隙,
其中,塌缩的牵引器被设置在球囊的内部间隙内。
附图说明
图1A-I公开了根据本发明的用于制造原位形成装置的分步执行方法。
图2公开了本发明的环形周边球囊。
图3A和图3B公开了本发明的方法的优选步骤的流程图。
图4公开了具有轨道的塌缩的球囊的MIS递送的横截面。
图5公开了具有轨道的膨胀的球囊的透视图。
图6A-6C公开了本发明的轨道的横截面。
图7公开了本发明的用作光源的球囊。
图8公开了用于将器械递传到内部间隙内的组件。
图9A公开了具有切口的轨道。
图9B-9E公开了本发明的切口的横截面。
图10公开了在其轨道上具有磁轮的膨胀的球囊。
图11A-11B公开了磁轮/轨道接合的横截面。
图12公开了具有用于对接器械的对接端口的膨胀的球囊。
具体实施方式
在第一步骤中,并且现在参见图1A,外科医生移除被定向以移除的椎间盘的至少髓核部分。
在第二步骤中,并且现在参见图1B,中央可膨胀的牵引器和周边球囊插入椎间隙中并且定位在其中央区域中。通常,在这种位置,周边球囊被包绕中央可膨胀的牵引器,使得融合器球囊的内表面接触膨胀的牵引器的外周边。
在第三步骤中,并且现在参见图1C,中央可膨胀的牵引器被膨胀并且从而将椎骨终板分开到指定高度。
在第四步骤中,并且现在参见图1D,可固化材料流到周边球囊中。球囊在膨胀的中央牵引器周围膨胀使得两者都圆周地到达牵引器周围并且接触由牵引器分开的椎骨终板。本质上,填充的周边球囊占用通过中央牵引器的膨胀产生的空隙空间中的所有。
在第五步骤中,并且现在参见图1E,外科医生在可固化材料固化时等待。在一些情况下,例如当使用了常规PMMA时,这种等待周期可为5至20分钟。在一些实施例中,外科医生可通过各种能量构件加速可固化材料的固化,包括使用化学催化剂、光和振动对其加热。
在第五步骤中,并且现在参见图1F,周边球囊中的材料完全固化并且中央牵引器塌缩。
在第六步骤中,并且现在参见图1G,退出塌缩的中央牵引器,从而将马蹄形结构化支撑件留在椎间隙中。这种马蹄形件提供沿椎骨皮质边缘的支撑,同时留下椎间隙中央的接入点。
在第七步骤中,并且现在参见图1H,通过第六步骤中产生的接入点来插入管并且将其定位在椎间隙中央附近。移植物材料11然后流过这种管并且流到椎间隙中,从而用移植物填充空隙。
在图1I中,移除移植物填充管。
因此,根据本发明,提供了治疗椎间盘间隙的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)将可膨胀的牵引器以未膨胀的形式引入到椎间隙中,
b)使用生物惰性流体使可膨胀的牵引器膨胀以牵引椎间隙,
c)将可膨胀的球囊引入到椎间隙中,
d)用可固化材料填充可膨胀的球囊;
e)在可固化材料已经固化之后塌缩膨胀的牵引器以产生内部间隙;
f)从椎间隙中移除塌缩的牵引器;以及
g)用成骨材料填充内部间隙。
因此,根据本发明并且现在参见图1E,提供了用于形成椎间融合装置的器械,包括:
a)牵引装置,所述牵引装置包括i)具有远侧端部部分23的第一管21和ii)附接到第一管的远侧端部部分的可膨胀的牵引器1,其中可膨胀的牵引器用生物惰性流体填充,
b)融合器组件,所述融合器组件包括i)具有远侧端部部分27第二管25和ii)附接到第二管的远侧端部部分的可膨胀的球囊3,其中可膨胀的球囊用可固化材料填充并且具有尺寸被设定成跨越椎间隙的高度,
其中第一管的远侧端部部分基本上邻近第二管的远侧端部部分。
因此,根据本发明并且现在参见图1D,提供了用于治疗椎间盘间隙的球囊组件,所述球囊组件包括:
a)膨胀的牵引器1,所述膨胀的牵引器具有外周边2并且其尺寸被设定用于牵引椎间盘间隙,该膨胀的牵引器用生物惰性流体填充,
b)膨胀的融合器球囊3,所述膨胀的融合器球囊形成具有外周边4和内表面5的形状,该融合器球囊用可固化材料填充,
其中球囊包绕牵引器,使得融合器球囊的内表面接触膨胀的牵引器的外周边,
其中,球囊形成限定内部间隙的环形形状,并且膨胀的牵引器被设置在内部间隙中。
因此,根据本发明并且现在参见图1F,提供了用于治疗椎间盘间隙的球囊组件,所述球囊组件包括:
a)塌缩的牵引器1,所述塌缩的牵引器具有外周边,
b)膨胀的融合器球囊3,所述膨胀的融合器球囊形成具有外周边4和限定内部间隙7的内表面5的形状,该融合器球囊用固化材料填充,该球囊的尺寸被设定成牵引椎间盘间隙,
其中,塌缩的牵引器被设置在球囊的内部间隙内。
可膨胀的牵引器的目的在于将塌缩的椎间隙牵引到恢复相邻椎骨主体的生理间隙关系的期望高度。可膨胀的牵引器球囊可具有多个尺寸以对应于适当的椎间盘高度。在一些膨胀式实施例中,中央可膨胀的牵引器具有圆柱形形状,包括在两个端面之间的环形中间部分。在一些膨胀式实施例中,环形中间部分内的间隙用生物惰性牵引流体(例如生理盐水)填充。端面可具有粗糙外表面,以便更好地夹持椎骨终板。在一些实施例中,端面在膨胀条件下基本上彼此平行。在其他实施例中,端面彼此形成角度(例如5和20度)以便为椎间隙提供期望数量的脊柱前凸。中央可膨胀的牵引器可由美国专利公布2004-0230309公开的球囊材料制成,上述专利公布的说明书以引用方式并入本文。
周边球囊可由用于医疗球囊的任何常规材料制成。在一些实施例中,它可为无孔的。在其他实施例中,它可为多孔的以允许一些粘固剂逸出并且从而将支撑件粘结到相邻组织。在一些实施例中,周边球囊可随时间推移而被吸收。周边球囊的上表面和下表面可具有粗糙外表面,以便更好地夹持椎骨终板。这些粗糙外表面可包括(例如)多个齿状物。球囊可由美国专利公布2004-0230309公开的球囊材料制成,上述专利公布的说明书以引用方式并入本文。
在一个实施例中,周边球囊由弹性材料制成。这允许球囊当其膨胀到中央可膨胀的牵引器和尚存的纤维环纤维之间的间隙内时,为型面配合的。在其他实施例中,球囊为非弹性的并且在膨胀时形成预先确定的形状。这种非弹性的球囊可为有利的,因为预先确定的形状可为马蹄形状,并且从而允许结构化支撑件在中央可膨胀的牵引器的周边周围延伸并且靠在皮质边缘上。
在其他实施例中,周边球囊形成基本上马蹄形状。马蹄形状为有利的,因为它提供大的表面面积以靠在相邻椎骨主体的皮质边缘上,并且其开口端部允许中央塌缩的牵引器退出并且允许将骨移植物递送到内部间隙中。优选地,周边球囊由形状记忆材料制成,所述形状记忆材料处于其松弛构型时呈现马蹄形状。在其他实施例中,然而,马蹄形状的周边球囊由不具有形状记忆特性的常规聚合物制成,并且球囊在递送到椎间隙中之前简单地人工固化在中央可膨胀的牵引器周围,使得当周边球囊进入椎间隙时,它已经具有基本上马蹄形状。
在这种马蹄形实施例中,可通过第三管将可固化材料引入到周边球囊中,所述第三管的远侧端部位于周边球囊内。这种第三管的远侧端部初始地完全插入周边球囊中并且通过填充周边球囊的远侧部分开始。当可固化材料填充周边球囊的远侧部分时,这种第三管的远侧端部以与填充速率相同的速率从周边球囊朝近侧退出。这种第三管从而确保完全填充周边球囊。在其他实施例中,可固化材料简单地自由流到周边球囊的近侧端部开口并且允许其填充周边球囊。
在一个实施例中,周边球囊形成环形形状。可利用Stalcup的图4中所公开的技术来实现环形周边球囊。Stalcup技术将需要通过在Stalcup的第一填充软管的远侧端部处添加中央可膨胀的牵引器来进行简单改善。这种环形实施例示于本文的图2中。环形周边球囊具有允许中央可膨胀的牵引器和移植物填充管通过和退出的孔。环形球囊的优点在于,与马蹄形状的周边球囊相比,它提供与椎体主体接触的稍微更多的表面面积,从而降低在结构化支撑件上的应力。它还提供甚至更多的支撑,从而降低应力异质性。
在一些实施例中,可在没有周边球囊的前提下使用该系统,从而允许粘固剂完全符合剩余的解剖结构。在这种实施例中,导管可用于使可固化材料均匀地沉积。这种导管可为易操作的并且独立于中央球囊,或者通过中央可膨胀的牵引器的圆周经由导向系统(例如通道、轨道或套筒)进行导向。中央可膨胀的牵引器周围的这种导向系统还可用于将工具和植入物导向到椎间隙中。这种工具可用于检测椎间隙,移除另外的椎间盘和纤维环,并且放置植入物。
填充周边球囊的可固化物质形成能够承受脊柱的生理轴向负载的结构化材料。在一些实施例中,可固化材料可为常规骨粘固剂,例如PMMA粘固剂或者泡沫骨粘固剂。
设置在内部间隙内的移植物可为适于融合骨的任何移植物。可根据处于膨胀构型的中央牵引器中流体的体积来估计填充内部间隙所需要的移植物的量。这允许外科医生制备合适量的移植物并且避免过量或不足量地填充内部间隙。
本文所述的递送方法和植入物可适于完全椎间盘切除或局部椎间盘切除(即,保持髓核和韧带完好)。
在一些实施例中,可为便利的是,将与球囊相关联的管中的每一个容纳在更大的插管内。将这些管容纳在更大的插管内可便于将管微创地插入患者体内。因此,根据本发明,提供了具有近侧端部部分和远侧端部部分的递送插管;
其中每个管基本上接收在递送插管中,使得第一管的远侧端部从递送插管的远侧端部突出,并且第二管的远侧端部从递送插管的远侧端部突出。
对将两个管递送到椎间隙中进行简化的另一个方法是通过使用双腔管。双腔管具有共享相同内侧壁的两个镗孔。因此,在一些实施例中,第一管和第二管是双腔管的部分。
在一些实施例中,移植物材料可为HEALOSFX,购自DePuySpineofRaynham,MA,USA的可流动的胶原蛋白系材料。
在一些实施例中,移植物材料可包括骨形成剂。在一些实施例中,骨形成剂为生长因子。如本文所用,术语“生长因子”涵盖调节其他细胞(具体地讲,结缔组织祖细胞)的生长或分化的任何细胞产品。可根据本发明使用的生长因子包括但不限于成纤维细胞生长因子族的成员,包括酸性和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-1和FGF-2)及FGF-4;血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)族的成员,包括PDGF-AB、PDGF-BB和PDGF-AA;EGFs;VEGF;胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)族的成员,包括IGF-I和IGF-II;TGF-β超族,包括TGF-β1、TGF-β2和TGF-β3;骨样引导因子(OIF)、血管生成素;内皮素;肝细胞生长因子和角化细胞生长因子;骨形成蛋白(BMP)BMP-1、BMP-3、BMP-2、OP-1、BMP-2A、BMP-2B、BMP-7和BMP-14中的成员,包括HBGF-1和HBGF-2;生长分化因子(GDF),刺猬蛋白族成员,包括印度刺猬、音猬和沙漠刺猬;ADMP-1;白介素(IL)族的骨形成成员;rhGDF-5;和集落刺激因子(CSF)族的成员,包括CSF-1、G-CSF、和GM-CSF;以及它们的亚型。
在一些实施例中,血小板浓缩液被提供为骨形成剂。在一个实施例中,由血小板释放的生长因子的量比用于采取血小板的血液中发现的量大至少两倍(例如四倍)。在一些实施例中,血小板浓缩液是自体同源的。在一些实施例中,血小板浓缩液是富含血小板血浆(PRP)。PRP是有利的,因为其包含可再刺激骨生长的生长因子,并且因为它的纤维蛋白基质提供了适合新组织生长的支架。
在一些实施例中,骨形成剂包括有效量的骨形成蛋白(BMP)。BMP通过促进间质干细胞(MSC)分化成成骨细胞及其增殖来有利地增加骨形成。
在一些实施例中,将约1ng和约10mg之间的BMP施用到目标椎间隙中。在一些实施例中,将约1微克(μg)和约1mg之间的BMP施用到目标椎间隙中。
在许多优选实施例中,骨形成剂为多孔基质,并且优选地为可注射的。
本发明的多孔基质可包含多孔的或半多孔的胶原、细胞外基质、金属(例如Ti、Ti64、CoCr和不锈钢)、聚合物(例如PEEK、聚乙烯、聚丙烯和PET)、可吸收的聚合物(例如PLA、PDA、PEO、PEG、PVA和山羊丙交酯)、骨替代品(例如TCP、HA和CaP)、自体移植物、同种异体移植物、异种移植物和/或它们的共混物。基质可被取向成允许从骨连接位置流到吸入端口。基质可被分层成具有变化的密度、镗孔结构、材料以允许在期望位置通过密度、镗孔尺寸、亲和力以及流体流动控制(层流、湍流和/或弯曲路径)增加干细胞过滤。
在一些实施例中,多孔基质为矿物质。在一个实施例中,这种矿物质包括钙和磷。在一些实施例中,这种矿物质选自由磷酸钙、磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石组成的组。在一个实施例中,基质的平均孔隙度在约20和约500μm之间,例如约50和约250μm之间。还在本发明的其他实施例中,在注射基质中产生原位孔隙以在椎间体间隙中产生多孔支架。一旦在间隙中产生原位孔隙,则外科医生可将治疗剂化合物注射到孔隙中,从而治疗周围组织并且增强目标组织的重塑过程。
在一些实施例中,以颗粒形式施用矿物质。据信,颗粒状矿物质的施用促进矿物质周围骨生长的形成,如此使得骨性结合发生。
在一些实施例中,以可设的糊状形式施用矿物质。在这种条件下,体内建立糊料,并且从而将术后机械支撑件立即施用到椎间体间隙。
在另一个实施例中,可通过注射式可吸收或不可吸收的粘固剂将治疗剂递送到目标间隙。使用可生物吸收的大球技术配制治疗剂,如此使得它将允许释放骨形成剂。粘固剂将在目标组织中提供治疗疼痛所需的初始稳定性。在一些实施例中,这种粘固剂选自由磷酸钙、磷酸三钙和羟基磷灰石组成的组。在其他实施例中,粘固剂为任何硬的生物相容性粘固剂,包括PMMA,经处理的自体和异体移植骨。羟基磷灰石是优选的粘固剂,由于其强度和生物特性。具体地讲如果在粘固剂中需要一些程度的重吸收,则还可单独使用或结合羟基磷灰石使用磷酸三钙。
在一些实施例中,多孔基质包括吸收性聚合物材料。
在一些实施例中,骨形成剂包括产生无机化胶原复合物的原位形成的注射式前体流体。在一些实施例中,注射式前体流体包括:
a)第一制剂,所述第一制剂包括酸溶I型胶原溶液(优选地在约1mg/ml和约7mg/ml之间的胶原蛋白),和
b)第二制剂,所述第二制剂包括含有钙和磷酸盐的脂质体。
将酸溶性胶原溶液与载有钙和磷酸盐的脂质体结合,导致脂质体/胶原蛋白前体流体,在从室温加热到37℃时,形成无机化的胶原蛋白凝胶。
在一些实施例中,脂质体加载有二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(90mol%)和二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱(10mol%)。这些脂质体在室温下为稳定的但是在加热到35℃以上时形成磷酸钙矿物质,这是脂质链融化过渡时释放截留盐的结果。一个此类技术公开于Pederson,Biomaterials24:4881-4890(2003)中,该文献说明书全文以引用方式并入本文。
另选地,胶原蛋白的原位无机化可通过增加温度来实现,可通过其他类型的反应(包括但不限于化学反应、酶催化反应、磁反应、电反应、振动反应、聚焦超声反应、光反应或核反应)实现温度的增加。它们合适的源包括光、化学反应、酶催化控制反应和嵌入在材料中的电线。为了进一步说明电线的方法,可将线首先嵌入在间隙中,加热以产生钙沉积,然后退出。在一些实施例中,这种线可为形状记忆的,例如可形成形状的镍钛诺。另选地,电引导聚合物可被选为温度升高元件。加热这种聚合物以形成胶原蛋白,并且然后受到分解并且原位重吸收,从而提供邻近无机化胶原蛋白的间隙以用于骨形成。
在一些实施例中,骨引导材料包含钙和磷。在一些实施例中,骨引导材料包含羟基磷灰石。在一些实施例中,骨引导材料包含胶原蛋白。在一些实施例中,骨引导材料处于颗粒形式。
特定基质可结合到装置中以提供承载特性,允许定向骨形成,和/或控制再生骨的密度(皮质骨对松质骨)或者允许细胞形成以用于软组织附接。纳米管或纳米晶体可沿基本上轴向方向进行取向以提供承载能力以及血管流动的毛细芯吸以进一步增强定向骨形成。生物相容性纳米管目前可由碳或钛或者骨替代品(包括Ca、HA和TCP)制得。
在一个实施例中,骨形成剂为多个活性的体外骨原细胞。引入到椎间体间隙内的此类活性细胞具有如下能力,在产生用于椎间体间隙的新骨时至少部分地补充原位干细胞。
在一些实施例中,这些细胞得自另一个人类个人(异体移植物),而在其他实施例中,该细胞得自相同个体(自体移植物)。在一些实施例中,细胞采自骨组织,而在其他实施例中,细胞采自非骨组织(并且可例如为间质干细胞、软骨细胞或成纤维细胞)。在其他实施例中,可使用自体移植物骨组织(例如来自膝盖、髋部、肩部、手指或耳部)。
在一个实施例中,当活性体外细胞被选为另外的治疗剂或物质时,活性细胞包括间质干细胞(MSC)。就施用到椎间体间隙内而言,MSC提供特定优点,因为据信它们可在间隙中相对恶劣的环境下更容易地存活;它们具有期望的塑性水平;以及它们具有增殖和分化成期望细胞的能力。
在一些实施例中,间质干细胞得自骨髓,例如自体的骨髓。在其他实施例中,间质干细胞得自动物脂肪组织,优选地得自自体的动物脂肪组织。
在一些实施例中,注射到椎间体间隙内的间质干细胞被提供为非浓缩的形式,例如来自新鲜骨髓。在其他实施例中,它们被提供为浓缩形式。当被提供为浓缩形式时,它们可为未培养的。可通过离心、过滤或免疫吸收容易地获得未培养的浓缩的MSC。当选定了过滤时,方法公开于美国专利6,049,026(“Muschler”)中,该文献的说明书全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施例中,用于过滤和浓缩MSC的基质还被施用到椎间体间隙内。
在一些实施例中,骨细胞(该骨细胞可来自同种异体的或自体的源)或者间质的干细胞可经基因修饰以产生骨诱导骨合成代谢剂,所述代谢剂可选自本文命名为生长因子的列表。生产的这些骨促进剂可导致骨生长。
近期工作已示出,在确实使用了病毒载体时,质粒DNA将不会引发炎性反应。基因编码骨(合成)剂(例如BMP)如果注射到未解耦的再吸收骨内,则可为有效的。另外,本文所提供的生长因子或将限制局部破骨细胞活动的其他剂中任一个的过表达将对骨生长具有积极作用。在一个实施例中,质粒包含用于TGF-β或促红细胞生成素(EPO)的基因编码。
因此,在一些实施例中,另外的治疗剂选自由活细胞和质粒DNA组成的群组。
基质可由水凝胶制成或者可结合水凝胶作为最终结构的组成部分。水凝胶可用于膨胀并且增强填充,改善处理特性或增加真空压力。增加的真空压力可用于确定适当的水化/干细胞过滤。
在所有情况下,多余的骨髓吸入物可被控制并且与另外的移植物填料(包括胶原蛋白,如EALOS?和HEALOSFX?,该两者中的每一个均购自DePuySpineInc,Raynham,Mass.,USA)混合。
现在参见图3a,提供了实现本发明的一些优选方法的流程图。一般来讲,这种图公开了以下步骤:
a)移除椎间盘组织以产生椎间隙(本体椎间盘切除术);
b)将中央可膨胀的牵引器插入椎间隙中;
c)使中央可膨胀的牵引器膨胀;
d)将周边球囊插入椎间隙中;
e)将可固化材料引入到周边球囊中,以及
f)使周边球囊与其第二递送管分离。
在上述的步骤c)中,膨胀步骤可包括将可流动的支撑材料(代替生理盐水)注射到中央可膨胀的牵引器中。可流动的支撑材料可选自由以下项组成的组:移植物、水凝胶、可固化材料、人工椎间盘材料、自体移植物和异体移植物。这种注射步骤之后可为使中央可膨胀的牵引器与其(第一)递送管分开的步骤,使得它可保持在椎间隙中。
在一些实施例中,在步骤f)之后,可存在另外的步骤:
g)回缩中央可膨胀的牵引器并且将其从椎间隙移除以产生内部间隙。
在一个实施例中,步骤g)之后可为以下步骤:
h)用可流动的支撑材料填充内部间隙。
可流动的支撑材料可选自由以下项组成的组:移植物、水凝胶、可固化材料、人工椎间盘材料、自体移植物和异体移植物。
在另一个实施例中,移除中央可膨胀的牵引器(步骤g)之后可为:
i)使器械穿到内部间隙中,和
ii)用器械执行任务。
使器械穿到内部间隙内可通过利用位于周边球囊的内表面上的轨道来实现。器械可选自由以下项组成的组:相机、灯、刮刀、抽吸器、冲洗器、锉刀、刀片、握具、毛刺和旋切机。任务可选自由以下项组成的组:检测、椎间盘移除和终板制备。执行任务之后可为以下步骤:
a)用可流动的支撑材料填充内部间隙。
周边球囊可然后通过切割、旋拧或突破与其递送管分开。
现在参见图3b,提供了实现本发明的一些其他优选方法的流程图。一般来讲,这种图公开了以下步骤:
a)移除椎间盘组织以产生椎间隙(本体椎间盘切除术);
b)将中央可膨胀的牵引器插入椎间隙中;
c)使中央可膨胀的牵引器膨胀;
d)将周边球囊插入椎间隙中;
e)将可固化材料引入到周边球囊中,以及
f)使周边球囊与其第二递送管分离。
使中央可膨胀的牵引器膨胀(步骤g))之后可为:
i)使器械穿到内部间隙中,以及
ii)用器械执行任务。
使器械穿到椎间隙中可利用位于中央可膨胀的牵引器的外表面上的轨道来实现。器械可在中央可膨胀的牵引器的两侧上穿过。器械可选自由以下项组成的组:相机、灯、刮刀、抽吸器、冲洗器、锉刀、刀片、握具、毛刺和旋切机。任务可选自由以下项组成的组:检测、椎间盘移除、终板制备、切割纤维环、切割ALL、切割PLL和直接减压。执行任务之后可为步骤d)–将周边球囊插入椎间隙中。还可通过利用轨道来实现这种球囊的递送。
步骤e)中的可固化材料可选自由以下项组成的组:移植物、水凝胶、可固化材料、人工椎间盘材料、自体移植物和异体移植物。
步骤f)的分开可通过切割、旋拧或突破节段来实现。
在一些实施例中,步骤f)的分开之后可为:
g)将支撑材料注射到第一装置中。
步骤g)中的支撑材料可选自由以下项组成的组:移植物、水凝胶、可固化材料、人工椎间盘材料、自体移植物和异体移植物。
在一些实施例中,步骤g)的注射之后可为:
h)使中央可膨胀的牵引器与其递送管分开(使得它可保持在椎间隙中)。
现在参见图4,提供了具有与其相关联轨道的球囊的实施例。球囊52通过连接/释放点55连接到球囊导管53。轨道57包绕球囊周边。这种设备设置在递送插管59内。
现在参见图5,提供了具有轨道57的部署球囊52的透视图。球囊导管53从球囊的近侧部分延伸。轨道57具有用于对接器械的中央沟槽59。
图6A-6C公开了不同轨道的横截面。图6A公开双侧轨道。图6B公开了单侧轨道。图6C公开了具有梯形横截面的轨道。
图7公开了实施例,其中中央球囊61用作光源。球囊附接到容纳在递送导管63内的光传输导管65。光从光源67传输到光传输导管65内并且然后传输到球囊61中。在一些实施例中,用于使中央球囊膨胀的流体可包括反光颗粒(未示出),以便更好地分散光。光允许更简单地检测椎间隙。
图8公开了使器械71通过位于周边球囊77的上表面75上的轨道73穿到内部间隙中的步骤。
图9A公开了具有切口83的轨道81的实施例。这些切口提供用于固化器械的装置。图9B公开了切口83的横截面。图9C公开了T型轨道切口85的横截面。图9D公开了辊型轨道切口87的横截面。图9E公开了C型轨道切口89的横截面。
图10公开了实施例,其示出用于在中央可膨胀的球囊93上沿轨道91传送器械的装置。多个磁轮95被示为沿轨道移动。这些轮可用于将器械传送到椎间隙中并且从椎间隙传送器械。
图11A示出了磁轮101可如何附接到轨道的细节。该轮具有接触轨道107的中央导轨105的中央磁体103。重叠使器械保持成一线。
图11B示出了轮-轨道接合的另一个实施例,其中轨道具有保持轮被接合的一对侧导轨109。
图12示出了双边地设置在中央可膨胀的球囊113上的一对对接端口111。器械115可具有用于通过对接端口接纳的远侧对接球117。在这种情况下,器械具有附接到其上用于刮擦椎间隙中的组织的进行关节运动的刮刀119。

Claims (41)

1.一种用于形成椎间融合装置的器械,包括:
a)牵引装置,所述牵引装置包括i)具有远侧端部部分的第一管和ii)附接到所述第一管的远侧端部部分的可膨胀的牵引器,其中所述可膨胀的牵引器用生物惰性流体填充,
b)融合器组件,所述融合器组件包括i)具有远侧端部部分的第二管和ii)附接到所述第二管的远侧端部部分的可膨胀的球囊,其中所述可膨胀的球囊用可固化材料填充并且具有尺寸被设定成跨越椎间隙的高度,
其中所述第一管的远侧端部部分基本上邻近所述第二管的远侧端部部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的器械,还包括:
c)递送插管,所述递送插管具有近侧端部部分和远侧端部部分;
其中每个管基本上接收在所述递送插管中,使得所述第一管的远侧端部从所述递送插管的远侧端部突出,并且所述第二管的远侧端部从所述递送插管的远侧端部突出。
3.根据权利要求1所述的器械,其中所述球囊形成限定内部间隙的环形形状,并且所述可膨胀的牵引器被设置在所述内部间隙中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的器械,其中所述球囊形成限定内部间隙的基本上马蹄形状,并且所述可膨胀的牵引器被设置在所述内部间隙中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的器械,其中所述第一管和所述第二管为双腔管的部分。
6.根据权利要求1所述的器械,其中所述可膨胀的牵引器不与可膨胀的球囊成一整体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的器械,其中所述可膨胀的球囊具有与其相关联的轨道。
8.根据权利要求1所述的器械,其中所述球囊为弹性的。
9.根据权利要求1所述的器械,其中所述球囊为非弹性的并且在膨胀时形成预先确定的形状。
10.根据权利要求1所述的器械,其中所述可膨胀的牵引器具有与其相关联的轨道。
11.一种形成椎间体融合笼的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)将可膨胀的牵引器以未膨胀的形式引入到椎间隙中,
b)使用生物惰性流体使所述可膨胀的牵引器膨胀以牵引所述椎间隙,
c)将可膨胀的球囊引入到所述椎间隙中,
d)用可固化材料填充所述可膨胀的球囊。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
e)在所述可固化材料已固化之后,塌缩所述膨胀的牵引器。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
f)从所述椎间隙移除所述塌缩的牵引器。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述球囊具有限定内部间隙的基本上环形形式,所述方法还包括以下步骤:
g)用成骨材料填充所述内部间隙。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述牵引器占据由所述球囊限定的内部间隙。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述球囊为弹性的。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述球囊为非弹性的并且在膨胀时形成预先确定的形状。
18.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中球囊形成环形形状。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述球囊形成基本上马蹄形状。
20.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述球囊包绕所述牵引器,使得所述融合器球囊的内表面接触所述膨胀的牵引器的外周边。
21.一种用于治疗椎间盘间隙的球囊组件,包括:
a)膨胀的牵引器,所述膨胀的牵引器具有外周边并且尺寸被设定成牵引所述椎间盘间隙,所述膨胀的牵引器用生物惰性流体填充,
b)膨胀的融合器球囊,所述膨胀的融合器球囊形成具有外周边和内表面的形状,所述融合器球囊用可固化材料填充,
其中,所述球囊包绕所述牵引器,使得所述融合器球囊的内表面接触所述膨胀的牵引器的外周边。
22.根据权利要求21所述的组件,其中所述球囊形成限定内部间隙的环形形状,并且所述膨胀的牵引器被设置在所述内部间隙中。
23.根据权利要求21所述的组件,其中所述球囊形成限定内部间隙的基本上马蹄形状,并且所述可膨胀的牵引器被设置在所述内部间隙中。
24.根据权利要求21所述的组件,其中所述球囊为弹性的。
25.根据权利要求21所述的组件,其中所述球囊为非弹性的并且在膨胀时形成预先确定的形状。
26.根据权利要求21所述的组件,其中所述融合器球囊的内表面不与所述膨胀的牵引器的外周边成一整体。
27.根据权利要求21所述的组件,其中所述膨胀的牵引器与液压式增压器流体地联接,所述液压式增压器能够对所述牵引器加压和减压。
28.一种用于治疗椎间盘间隙的球囊组件,包括:
a)塌缩的牵引器,所述塌缩的牵引器具有外周边,
b)膨胀的融合器球囊,所述膨胀的融合器球囊形成具有外周边和限定内部间隙的内表面的形状,所述融合器球囊用固化材料填充,所述球囊的尺寸被设定成牵引所述椎间盘间隙,
其中,所述塌缩的牵引器被设置在所述球囊的内部间隙内。
29.一种用于治疗椎间盘间隙的球囊组件,包括:
a)膨胀的牵引器,所述膨胀的牵引器具有外周边并且用生物惰性流体填充,
b)膨胀的融合器球囊,所述膨胀的融合器球囊形成具有外周边、限定内部间隙的内表面和开口端部的马蹄形状,所述融合器球囊用固化材料填充,所述球囊的尺寸被设定成牵引所述椎间盘间隙,
其中,所述膨胀的牵引器被设置在所述球囊的内部间隙内。
30.一种制备椎间隙的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)移除椎间盘组织以产生椎间隙;
b)将所述中央可膨胀的牵引器插入所述椎间隙中;
c)使所述中央可膨胀的牵引器膨胀;
d)将所述周边球囊插入所述椎间隙中;
e)将可固化材料引入到所述周边球囊中,以及
f)使所述周边球囊与其第二递送管分离。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
g)回缩所述中央可膨胀的牵引器并且将其从所述椎间隙移除以产生内部间隙。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
h)用可流动的支撑材料填充所述内部间隙。
33.根据权利要求31所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
h)使器械穿到内部间隙中,以及
i)用所述器械执行任务。
34.根据权利要求30所述的方法,在步骤c)之后还包括以下步骤:
g)使器械穿到所述椎间隙中,以及
i)用所述器械执行任务。
35.根据权利要求30所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
g)将支撑材料注射到所述中央可膨胀的牵引器中。
36.根据权利要求35所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
h)使所述中央可膨胀的牵引器与递送管分离。
37.一种用于制备椎间盘间隙的装置,包括:
a)可膨胀的装置,所述可膨胀的装置的尺寸被设定成适配在所述椎间隙中,
b)器械,所述器械附接到所述可膨胀的装置。
38.根据权利要求37所述的装置,其中所述器械通过与所述可膨胀的装置相关联的轨道来附接到所述可膨胀的装置。
39.根据权利要求38所述的装置,还包括:
c)位于所述轨道上的磁轮。
40.根据权利要求37所述的装置,其中所述器械通过与所述可膨胀的装置相关联的对接端口来附接到所述可膨胀的装置。
41.根据权利要求37所述的装置,其中所述器械包括与所述对接端口配合的远侧对接元件。
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