CN105764431B - 具有带横切刀片的夹具的外科器械 - Google Patents

具有带横切刀片的夹具的外科器械 Download PDF

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CN105764431B
CN105764431B CN201480045204.5A CN201480045204A CN105764431B CN 105764431 B CN105764431 B CN 105764431B CN 201480045204 A CN201480045204 A CN 201480045204A CN 105764431 B CN105764431 B CN 105764431B
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legs
fastener
blade
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C·J·沙伊布
M·D·奥弗迈耶
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种能够操作以切割和固定组织(150)的横切紧固件(110,210,310)。所述横切紧固件包括被构造成能够夹持组织的多个腿部(132,232,332)。所述横切紧固件还包括冠部部分(134)和至少一个刀片(136,236,336)。所述冠部部分接合所述多个腿部,并且为延展性的。所述至少一个刀片被定位在所述多个腿部中的每个上。所述至少一个刀片能够操作以切割组织。紧固件部署器械(100)可用于部署所述横切紧固件。所述紧固件部署器械可将所述紧固件部署成处于平行成对的、端对端的形式。

Description

具有带横切刀片的夹具的外科器械
背景技术
在一些外科手术期间,可能有必要切割组织的一部分。当切割组织时,可发生出血,医师可希望在切割组织的同时停止出血。带有外科钉的直线切割器提供了以大体上同步方式切割组织和缝合组织的方法,其中邻近组织横断面施加钉以将组织的横断层保持在一起并且提供止血。直线切割器可包括可重复填装的钉仓,这在一些情况下可为不可取的,因为操作员可能需要反复地重复填装钉仓以沿长横切路径进行横切和缝合。此外,使用可重复填装的仓还可能需要用户在致动以重复填装装置之间从患者移除直线切割器。
外科缝合器的示例在以下专利中有所描述:1989年2月21日公布的名称为“PocketConfiguration for Internal Organ Staplers”的美国专利4,805,823;1995年5月16日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapler and Staple Cartridge”的美国专利5,415,334;1995年11月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapler Instrument”的美国专利5,465,895;1997年1月28日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapler Instrument”的美国专利5,597,107;1997年5月27日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument”的美国专利5,632,432;1997年10月7日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument”的美国专利5,673,840;1998年1月6日公布的名称为“Articulation Assembly for Surgical Instruments”的美国专利5,704,534;1998年9月29日公布的名称为“Surgical Clamping Mechanism”的美国专利5,814,055;2005年12月27日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating an E-Beam FiringMechanism”的美国专利6,978,921;2006年2月21日公布的名称为“Surgical StaplingInstrument Having Separate Distinct Closing and Firing Systems”的美国专利7,000,818;2006年12月5日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Having aFiring Lockout for an Unclosed Anvil”的美国专利7,143,923;2007年12月4日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating a Multi-Stroke FiringMechanism with a Flexible Rack”的美国专利7,303,108;2008年5月6日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating a Multistroke Firing MechanismHaving a Rotary Transmission”的美国专利7,367,485;2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Having a Single Lockout Mechanism forPrevention of Firing”的美国专利7,380,695;2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Articulating Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating a Two-Piece E-BeamFiring Mechanism”的美国专利7,380,696;2008年7月29日公布的名称为“SurgicalStapling and Cutting Device”的美国专利7,404,508;2008年10月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Having Multistroke Firing with Opening Lockout”的美国专利7,434,715;2010年5月25日公布的名称为“Disposable Cartridge withAdhesive for Use with a Stapling Device”的美国专利7,721,930。上述引用的美国专利中的每个的公开内容均以引用方式并入本文。尽管上文所涉及的外科缝合器被描述为用于内窥镜式手术,但应当理解,此类外科缝合器也可用于开腹手术和/或其它非内窥镜式手术。
尽管已经制造和使用了若干外科器械,据信在本发明人之前没人制造或使用所附权利要求中描述的本发明。
附图说明
尽管本说明书得出了具体地指出和明确地声明这种技术的权利要求,但是据信从下述的结合附图描述的某些示例将更好地理解这种技术,其中相似的参考数字指示相同的元件,并且其中:
图1示出了用于施用横切紧固件的示例性施加器的顶部透视图;
图2示出了与图1的施加器一起使用的一对示例性横切紧固件的顶部透视图;
图3示出了图1的施加器的端部执行器的侧面正视图;
图4示出了图3的端部执行器的侧面剖视图;
图5示出了沿图3的线5-5截取的图3的端部执行器的正面剖视图;
图6A示出了处于第一位置的图3的端部执行器的侧面剖视图,其中横切紧固件定位在导槽中;
图6B示出了处于第二位置的图6A的端部执行器的侧面剖视图,其中端部执行器为打开的;
图6C示出了处于第三位置的图6A的端部执行器的侧面剖视图,其中端部执行器闭合并且使横切紧固件行进;
图7A示出了插入到组织中的图2的横切紧固件的顶部透视图;
图7B示出了在切割组织和分离组织之后图7A的横切紧固件的顶部透视图;
图7C示出了图7A的横切紧固件的顶部透视图,其中分离了组织并且施用了第二对横切紧固件;
图8示出了图2的切穿组织的横切紧固件中的一个的前正视图;
图9示出了超声致动的切穿组织的另选的示例性横切紧固件的正面剖视图;并且
图10示出了通过射频电能量致动的切穿组织的另一个另选的示例性横切紧固件的前正视图。
附图不旨在以任何方式限制本发明,并且预期的是以多种其它方式(包括没必要在附图中示出的那些)实现本技术的各种实施例。所结合的并且形成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本技术的若干方面,并且与说明书一起用于解释本技术的原理;然而,应当理解,这种技术不局限于所示的精确布置。
具体实施方式
下面描述的本技术的某些示例不应当用于限制本技术的范围。从下面的描述而言,本技术的其它示例、特征、方面、实施例和优点对本领域的技术人员而言将为显而易见的,下面的描述以举例的方式进行,这是为实现本技术所设想的最好的方式之一。正如将意识到的,本文所述技术能够包括其它不同的和明显的方面,这些均不脱离本发明技术。因此,附图和具体实施方式应被视为实质上是示例性的而非限制性的。
还应当理解,本文所述的教导内容、表达方式、实施例、示例等中的任何一者或多者可与本文所述的其它教导内容、表达方式、实施例、示例等中的任何一者或多者相结合。下述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、示例等不应视为彼此孤立。参考本文教导内容,其中本文教导内容可结合的各种合适方式将对本领域的普通技术人员显而易见。此类修改和变型旨在包括在权利要求书的范围内。
为清楚地描述本公开,术语“近侧”和“远侧”在本文中是相对于自动的外科驱动器而定义的,所述自动的外科驱动器包括具有与外科器械(所述外科器械具有远侧外科端部执行器)以机械的方式和电的方式联接的接口的近侧外壳。术语“近侧”是指元件的更靠近自动的外科驱动器外壳的位置,并且术语“远侧”是指元件的更靠近外科器械的外科端部执行器和更远离外壳的位置。
I.示例性外科器械
图1示出了能够操作以切割和密封组织的示例性外科器械(100)。具体地,在许多情况下,这种组织可包括使用者希望切割和密封的具有多个层的组织。例如,组织的两层或更多层可需要被切割和紧固在一起。在其它情况下,可切割仅组织的单个层并且在切口处进行密封。外科器械(100)可由使用者手持,然后致动以同时切割和密封组织。在一些情况下,可插入外科器械(100)使其穿过套管针以进入患者身体的一部分,但是在其它情况下,外科器械(100)可直接插入到手术区域中以用于在开腹手术中切割和缝合组织。一般来讲,使用者可触及手术部位并且定位外科器械(100)以切割和密封组织。为了切割和密封组织,一个或多个横切紧固件(110)可穿过外科器械(100)朝向手术部位行进,然后夹持到组织上。然后外科器械(100)可致动以闭合紧固件(110),从而同时横切和紧固组织。这种方法将在下文进行更详细的描述。
外科器械(100)包括手持件(102)、轴(104)和端部执行器(106)。手持件(102)具有能够操作以由使用者手持的手枪式握把形状,但是应当理解,手持件(102)可具有参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的任何合适的形状。例如,不同于手枪式握把,手持件(102)可具有剪刀式握把,可被成形为手持轴,或者可甚至被构造成整合到安装机械或机器人臂以用于控制外科器械(100)。手持件(102)包括绳索或缆线(112)、闭合触发器(116)、夹持件(117)、能量触发器(114)和旋钮(118)。在一些情况下,在将于下文描述的示例中,手持件(102)还可包括射频发生器(170)或超声换能器(180)。绳索(112)和能量触发器(114)可为可选的,其取决于是否使用了射频发生器(170)和超声换能器(180)。
在外科器械(100)使用能量以通过射频发生器(170)为手术部位提供射频能量或者为超声换能器(180)提供电力以为手术部位提供超声振动的情况下,绳索(112)能够操作以为外科器械(100)提供能量。应当理解,没必要电力地驱动外科器械(100)。此外,在一些情况下,不同于使绳索(112)为外科器械(100)递送电力,外科器械(100)可结合电池组或能够操作以递送电力的其它相似的便携式电源。在一些型式中,可通过使用者致动为外科器械(100)单独地提供电力(例如,通过使用者操纵闭合触发器(116)),使得外科器械(100)可没有绳索(112)、电池或其它电力源。
能量触发器(114)能够操作以由使用者致动,以选择性地启动端部执行器(106)处的特征结构。例如,挤压能量触发器(114)可用于通过绳索(112)为外科器械(100)的一部分供电。虽然示例性型式示出了具有触发器结构的能量触发器(114),但是应当理解,可使用参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言为显而易见的能量触发器(114)的任何合适的结构。在一些情况下,如上文所述,如果完全机械地操作外科器械(100),则能量触发器(114)和绳索(112)根本没必要包括在内。
闭合触发器(116)与端部执行器(106)连通,使得使用者挤压闭合触发器(116)导致端部执行器(106)闭合。在示例性型式中,闭合触发器(116)能够操作以通过朝向夹持件(117)挤压闭合触发器(116)来致动。然而,应当理解,闭合触发器(116)可采取包括按钮、旋钮等任何合适的形式。闭合触发器(116)的其它合适的结构参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的。
旋钮(118)与手持件(102)连通,并且还与轴(104)连通。旋钮(118)可被使用者手动地旋转并且可成形以有利于被使用者抓持。旋钮(118)与轴(104)以及端部执行器(106)可旋转地联接,使得旋转旋钮(118)能够操作以旋转端部执行器(106)。此外,轴(104)与端部执行器(106)一起旋转,以使得旋转旋钮(118)导致轴(104)和端部执行器(106)两者旋转。更具体地,旋钮(118)、轴(104)和端部执行器(106)都围绕轴(104)限定的纵向轴线旋转。例如,在使用者可希望相对于待切割和待密封的组织对端部执行器(106)进行不同定位的情况下,使用者可旋转旋钮(118)以旋转端部执行器(106)。
轴(104)从手持件(102)朝远侧延伸。在示例性型式中,轴(104)被示出具有在没有曲线的情况下从手持件(102)向外延伸的直线轮廓,但是应当理解,在一些型式中,轴(104)可具有弯曲的外形或参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的任何其它合适的形状。轴(104)还能够操作以容纳多个横切紧固件(110),这将在下文进行详细描述。轴(104)还包括外管(120)。外管(120)能够操作以相对于轴(104)的其余部分纵向平移,作为使用者致动闭合触发器(116)的结果。仅以举例的方式,闭合触发器(116)可通过多个内部连杆、齿条和小齿轮系统、或者机械地联接闭合触发器(116)与轴(104)的任何其它合适方式(参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见),与轴(104)连通。外管(120)还与端部执行器(106)连通。外管(120)通常能够操作以控制端部执行器(106)的打开和闭合,这将在下文进一步详细描述。
II.示例性端部执行器
端部执行器(106)包括上钳口(122)和下钳口(124)。图3示出了端部执行器(106)的放大视图,这更清晰地显示了上钳口(122)和下钳口(124)。在示例性型式中,下钳口(124)相对于轴(104)枢转地静止。在一些型式中,下钳口(124)可由轴(104)或轴(104)的一部分单一地构造以确保这种静态定位。在其它型式中,下钳口(124)可通过螺栓、螺钉、紧固件等固定到轴(104),使得下钳口(124)不相对于轴(104)枢转。上钳口(122)能够操作以相对于下钳口(124)枢转,使得上钳口(122)能够在相对于下钳口(124)的打开和闭合位置之间运动。在示例性型式中,上钳口(122)和下钳口(124)之间的枢轴(126)被定位成使得枢轴(126)更靠近下钳口(124),但是应当理解,可使用参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的枢轴(126)的任何合适的位置。此外,尽管上钳口(122)能够相对于下钳口(124)运动,但是应当理解,在一些型式中,下钳口(124)能够相对于上钳口(122)运动。还在其它型式中,上钳口(122)和下钳口(124)均能够围绕枢轴(126)运动。
外管(120),如上文所述,能够操作以沿轴(104)的外侧朝向端部执行器(106)滑动。外管(120)能够操作以接触上钳口(122),使得当上钳口(122)处于打开位置时,外管(120)可抵靠上钳口(122)推压以相对于下钳口(124)闭合上钳口(122)。此外,外管(120)限定可操作以与钩(130)联接的狭槽(128),所述钩限定在上钳口(122)的近侧端部。因此,当外管(120)朝近侧平移时,钩(130)捕获狭槽(128)并且牵拉上钳口(122)以远离下钳口(124),从而打开上钳口(122)。因此,外管(120)通常能够操作以朝近侧行进,以便抵靠下钳口(124)关闭上钳口(122),并且朝近侧回缩以远离下钳口(124)打开上钳口(122)。
III.示例性横切紧固件
应当理解,上钳口(124)的闭合运动能够操作以通过使紧固件(110)变形为关闭状态来闭合横切紧固件(110)。此外,紧固件(110)为延展性的使得它们在部署时保持闭合构型。图2示出了一对横切紧固件(110)。应当理解,横切紧固件(110)可如示例性型式中所示那样以相邻成对型式使用;或者可一次使用一个。在其它型式中,可使用多于两个的横切紧固件(110)。实际上,可使用参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的横切紧固件(110)的任何合适的组合。
紧固件(110)包括腿部(132)、冠部(134)、刀片(136)、锚固件(138)和前部齿状物(140)。紧固件(110)通常能够操作以大体上同时的方式切割、压缩和密封组织。具体地,刀片(136)能够操作以切割组织,同时锚固件(138)和前部齿状物(140)能够操作以密封和夹持组织。腿部(132)能够操作以响应于一起挤压腿部(132)来压缩其间的组织。一旦腿部(132)压缩组织,则冠部(134)能够操作以使紧固件(110)保持为围绕组织的闭合和/或夹持构型。如上文所述,应当理解,缝合和切割以大体上同时的方式发生。然而,还应当理解,切割和缝合可基于刀片(136)、锚固件(138)和前部齿状物(140)的相对长度在稍微不同的时间发生。例如,如果刀片(136)相对于锚固件(138)和前部齿状物(140)为更长的,则可在一个动作中切割和密封组织,但是将首先切割组织,紧随其后是密封组织。在锚固件(138)和前部齿状物(140)相对于刀片(136)而言为更长的情况下,然后应当理解,缝合动作可稍微在切割动作之前发生。
腿部(132)和冠部(134)形成紧固件(110)的主体。应当理解,冠部(134)包括延展性材料,所述延展性材料能够操作以变形以响应于上钳口(122)和下钳口(124)的打开和闭合而打开和闭合。应当理解,冠部(134)为足够延展性的,以使得一旦紧固件(110)为弯曲的或换句话讲变形的,则紧固件(110)保持其弯曲或变形形状,这足以将组织保持为夹紧构型。腿部(132)和冠部(134)形成通常伸长的C形轮廓,但是应当理解,可使用参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的紧固件(110)的其它形状。
锚固件(138)具有尖锐的钩状形状。然而,应当理解,能够操作以锚固到组织中的任何形状(参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的)可用于锚固件(138)。示例性型式的锚固件(138)还从腿部(132)朝向彼此对称地延伸。尽管锚固件(138)相对于腿部(132)的一种此类定位被示于示例性型式中,但是还可使用参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的其它合适的位置(例如交错的等)。当插入到组织中时,应当理解,锚固件(138)可夹持组织并且可通过前部齿状物(140)另外地补充抓持。
前部齿状物(140)具有尖锐的钩状形状。应当理解,适用于抓持组织的任何形状可用于前部齿状物(140)。当紧固件(110)从打开位置到闭合位置时,前部齿状物(140)刺穿组织并且将紧固件(110)锚固到组织中。应当理解,通过前部齿状物(140)锚固在组织中能够操作以通过锚固件(138)来补充锚固。前部齿状物(140)和锚固件(138)被构造成使得一旦锚固到组织中,则紧固件(110)固定到适当位置并且保持它们在组织中的位置。
紧固件(110)还包括刀片(136),所述刀片能够操作以在紧固件(110)抵靠组织闭合时切割组织。刀片(136)包括上部刀片(142)和下部刀片(144)。具体地,刀片(136)形成能够操作以通过剪切来切开组织的尖锐边缘。在示例性型式中,刀片(136)具有直的切割边缘,但是应当理解,在其它型式中,任何合适的边缘或表面可用于切割组织,这参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的。此外,示例性型式的刀片(136)基本上横跨腿部(132)的长度。然而,在一些型式中,应当理解,刀片(136)可仅横跨腿部(132)的一部分。示例性型式的刀片(136)还具有渐缩的梯形形状,但是应当理解,刀片(136)可具有能够操作以切割组织的任何合适的形状,所述形状参考本文的教导内容对本领域的技术人员而言将为显而易见的。
参见图8,上部刀片(142)和下部刀片(144)定位成相对于彼此稍微偏置,使得一旦上部刀片(142)和下部刀片(144)相遇,则它们剪切组织(150),从而提供切口。在其它型式中,上部刀片(142)和下部刀片(144)可以任何合适的方式(这参考本文的教导内容对本领域的技术人员而言将为显而易见的)进行构造以切割组织。例如,上部刀片(142)和下部刀片9144)可被定位成沿共同平面直接彼此成直线。
返回图4-5,端部执行器(106)以剖面图方式进行显示,以示出端部执行器(106)的多个紧固件通道(147,148,151,152)。另外,轴(104)包括限定紧固件通道(145,146,153,154)的内部构件(164)。应当理解,内部构件(164)与下钳口(124)是一体成型的。此外,相对于轴(104),内部构件(164)能够操作以在旋钮(118)旋转时,随着外管(120)相对于手持件(102)旋转。因此,内部构件(164)与外管(120)可旋转地联接。然而,内部构件(164)和外管(120)没有纵向地联接,从而当内部构件(164)保持纵向静止时,允许外管(120)相对于内部构件(164)朝远侧行进和朝近侧回缩。紧固件通道(145,146,153,154)纵向延伸穿过轴(104)并且能够操作以引导紧固件(110)穿过内部构件(164)。紧固件通道(145,146,147,148,151,152,153,154)被成形为辅助紧固件(110),如图5中的正面剖视图所示。此外,通道(145,146,147,148,151,152,153,154)如下文所述彼此连通。紧固件通道(145)与紧固件通道(147)连通;紧固件通道(146)与紧固件通道(148)连通;紧固件通道(154)与紧固件通道(152)连通;并且紧固件通道(153)与紧固件通道(151)连通。
还如图5所示,分离轴线平面(161)限定在通道(145,146,147,148)和通道(151,152,153,154)之间。应当理解,当紧固件(110)夹持和切割组织时,组织横切线接近定位成沿着分离轴线平面(161),使得由紧固件(110)造成的任何切口沿轴(104)的纵向轴线对齐,所述纵向轴线与分离轴线平面(161)重叠。此外,紧固件(110)被定位成表现出围绕轴线(161)的相对的对称性。紧固件(110)被定位成处于与轴(104)和端部执行器(106)的平行、端对端的布置。更具体地,紧固件(110)被定位成与紧固件(110)的锚固件(138)相邻成对,所述锚固件以垂直于或基本上垂直于刀片(136)的方式向外取向。在使用外科器械(100)期间,紧固件(110)初始地定位在内部构件(164)的紧固件通道(145、146、153、154)中,在切割和密封组织之前,紧固件(110)从紧固件通道(145,146,153,154)向端部执行器(106)的紧固件通道(147,148,151,152)行进。具体地,参见图6A,紧固件(110)被示为位于紧固件通道(145,146,153,154)以及紧固件通道(147,148,151,152)内。一个紧固件(110)被示为定位在端部执行器(106)中,而另一紧固件(110)被示为在端部执行器(106)之前位于轴(104)中。应当理解,端部执行器(106)的长度尺寸如图所示被设定成在端部执行器(106)中一次配合一个紧固件。应当理解,在其它型式中,端部执行器(106)的尺寸被设定成保持多于一个的紧固件(110)。
还如图6A所示,紧固件(110)连同端部执行器(106)最初开始于闭合位置。外管(120)没有朝远侧或朝近侧沿轴(104)施加足够压力以导致上钳口(122)相对于下钳口(124)打开。一旦端部执行器(106)定位在组织中的适当位置,则使用者可然后致动闭合触发器(116)以打开端部执行器(106)。应当理解,闭合触发器(116)能够操作以沿多于一个的方向致动,以便抵靠下钳口(124)独立地打开和闭合上钳口(122)。在另选的型式中,不同于单个闭合触发器(116),多于一个的闭合触发器(116)可用于单独地控制上钳口(122)的打开和闭合。
在示例性型式中,使用者致动闭合触发器(116)以使得外管(120)朝近侧回缩。当外管(120)回缩时,外管(120)抓扣钩(130),并且进一步回缩以牵拉上钳口(122)使其打开,如图6B所示。当上钳口(122)打开时,定位在端部执行器(106)的紧固件通道(147,148,151,152)中的紧固件(110)被上钳口(122)推压以打开,这分离了刀片(136)使得紧固件(110)已经准备好施加到组织。
一旦端部执行器(106)正确地定位在使用者希望密封和切割的组织周围,则使用者可致动闭合触发器(116),这从而导致外管(120)朝近侧行进,如图6C所示。外管(120)的远侧边缘紧紧按压上钳口(122)的近侧边缘,从而使得上钳口(122)朝向上钳口(122)枢转至闭合位置。当上钳口(122)闭合时,紧固件(110)还被端部执行器(106)推压以关闭,从而使紧固件(110)变形至夹紧位置。当紧固件(110)闭合时,刀片(136)切割定位在上钳口(122)和下钳口(124)之间的组织,并且此外,锚固件(138)和前部齿状物(140)刺穿组织并且将其自身锚固到组织中。当使外管(120)行进以推压上钳口(122)使其关闭时,应当理解,外管(120)或轴(104)的一些其它部件可与闭合触发器(116)联接,以使轴(104)内的部件(诸如杆等)行进,所述部件可用于使轴(104)内的紧固件(110)行进。例如,可使用手持件(102)内朝近侧安装的弹簧、具有棘轮弹簧加载棘爪的齿条和小齿轮、或者参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的朝远侧偏压紧固件(110)的任何其它合适的构件。
应当理解,除了使端部执行器(106)内的紧固件(110)行进之外,外管(120)的优势还为能够操作以将紧固件(110)行进到端部执行器(106)之外。例如,因为紧固件(110)以端对端的关系被连续地定位在轴(104)和端部执行器(106)内,所以紧固件(110)可一次行进一对。一旦一对紧固件(110)已经闭合、切割并且锚固到组织中,则下一对紧固件(110)行进并且备好以用于在组织的新部分中打开和闭合。应当理解,使用者可重复图6A-6C所示的方法以持续进行。在一些情况下,钉仓可加载到手持件(102)中以递送钉。在一些情况下,轴(104)和手持件(102)的长度可为使得使用者能够以有效的无限制的连续方式用紧固件切割和密封组织。在一些情况下,手持件(102)可为完全能够取代的,与可重复填装的仓一样有效,同时轴(104)和端部执行器(106)可保持在手术部位中。还在其它示例中,手持件(102)可容纳可替换仓(类似于手枪弹药夹),以使用有效地无限制的紧固件(110)供应来供给端部执行器(106)。此外或在替代型式中,弹力构件(例如卷簧、泡沫、弹性体等)可在轴(104)中弹性地朝远侧偏压紧固件(110)。还如另一个示例性示例,在钳口(122,124)中的一者或两者中的一个或多个特征结构可被构造成使紧固件(110)行进,以边对边的关系一次行进一对紧固件(110),每次钳口(122,124)都被枢转成打开构型。还如另一个仅示例性的示例,可采用旋拧笔类型的机构(例如,类似于通过旋转同心管在圆珠笔中行进,等)以朝远侧行进紧固件(110)。例如,可旋转的外管可与紧固件(110)上的特征结构联接,所述特征结构将外管的旋转转换成紧固件(110)的远侧平移。每当钳口(122,124)枢转到打开构型时,这种可旋转的外管可手动旋转或者可自动旋转。可加载和/或朝远侧行进紧固件(110)的其它合适方法,参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的,可切割和密封组织的更多部分。
IV.施加到组织的横切紧固件
图7A示出了将紧固件(110)施加到组织(150)的示例性应用,而没有示出端部执行器(106)。仅出于示范的目的示出横切线(160),以显示刀片(136)将在何处产生组织(150)内的切口。锚固件(138)刺穿组织(150),从而将紧固件(110)固定在组织(150)中。紧固件(110)被示为切割和抓紧组织(如示例性型式中所示的如同匹配的一对)使得组织(150)最终沿横切线(160)分离,如图7B所示。应当理解,成对的紧固件(110)可如图7B所示分离,因为使用者在紧固件(110)已经切割和锚定组织(150)之后强行推压分开紧固件(110)。还在其它型式中,紧固件(110)的刀片(136)可以足够干脆利落的方式(组织张力可提供足够的力以沿横切线(160)牵拉分开组织(150))切割组织(150)。应当理解,分离紧固件(110)能够为使用者提供对用于后续缝合的组织的可视性。然后,使用者可切割和密封组织(150)的另一部分,这可如图7C所示。尽管仅两对紧固件(110)被示出于示例性型式中,但是应当理解,可将任何合适数量的紧固件(110)施加到组织(150)。实际上,可将紧固件(110)连续地添加到组织(150),以便沿横切线(160)继续切割,而没必要从患者移除外科器械(100)。应当理解,为了允许继续将紧固件(110)施加到组织(150),可预加载大量的紧固件以使得可随后沿更长的任何期望长度的横断路径递送紧固件(110)。例如,手持件(102)可配备有包括紧固件(110)的可重复填装的仓、料筒等的连续供给机构,所述连续供给机构将允许使用者连续切割和密封组织,其中紧固件(110)沿组织(150)以端对端构型进行定位,使得外科器械(100)没必要从手术部位移除,同时完成基本上长的横切(例如,具有在常规直线切割器装置中将需要一次或多次重新加载钉仓的长度)。
应当理解,在一些情况下,可期望紧固件(110)通过紧固件(110)的刀片(136)的尖锐边缘的剪切动作来切割组织(150)。还在其它示例中,可期望使用电力辅助件来切割组织(150)。图9示出了另选的示例性紧固件(210),其具有类似于图8的紧固件(110)的横截面的横截面。紧固件(210)具有基本上类似于紧固件(110)的腿部(132)的腿部(232)。然而,紧固件(210)包括能够操作以切割组织的钝刀片(236)。具体地,紧固件(210)与超声换能器(180)或能够操作以将超声振动递送到紧固件(210)的任何其它合适的振动换能器声学联接。因此,当刀片(236)闭合组织(150)时,刀片(236)的超声振动有利于组织(150)切割和止血。应当理解,可选定特定频率以用于切割和密封组织(150),或者多个频率能够操作以将其递送到组织(150)用于切割和密封。还应当理解,刀片(236)的超声振动可包括纵向振动、轴向振动或旋转振动、边对边的线性振动、或者它们的任何组合,这参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的。
在示例性使用期间,使用者可将图1的外科器械(100)定位在适当位置以用于切割组织(150)。然后,可致动能量触发器(114)以对手持件(102)内的超声换能器(180)供电。换能器可然后将超声振动提供到端部执行器(106),并且因此提供到紧固件(210),使得在组织(150)上闭合端部执行器(106)能够操作以允许使用者使用超声振动切割组织(150),以及同时将紧固件(210)锚固到组织(150)中。此外,超声振动可被施加到手术部位以导致组织(150)止血,从而停止组织出血。
还在其它示例中,应当理解,可期望使用施加到手术部位的射频能量来促进切割组织。图10示出了能够操作以通过使用施加到紧固件(310)的射频能量切割组织(150)的另选的示例性紧固件(310)。紧固件(310)包括基本上类似于紧固件(110)的腿部(132)的腿部(332)。紧固件(310)包括能够操作以切割组织(150)并且将射频能量递送到组织(150)的钝刀片(336)。在示例性型式中,紧固件(310)与手持件(102)中射频发生器(170)通信,所述射频发生器能够操作以将射频能量提供到紧固件(310)。因此,当将刀片(336)施加到组织(150)时,射频能量能够操作以促进组织(150)的切割和密封。此外,在一些情况下,射频能量还可能够操作以促进组织(150)的凝结作用以阻止出血或停止出血。在一些情况下,施加到紧固件(310)的射频能量可包括单极能量或者(在其它例子中)双极能量。仅以举例的方式,在将单级能量施加到手术部位的情况下,可将接地端子放置在患者身体上或者患者身下,以提供用于递送单级能量的电接地。在将双极能量施加到外科能量时,可直接通过紧固件(110)施加双极能量,其中紧固件(110)可被构造成使得冠部(134)由塑性材料或其它合适的绝缘材料制成,从而允许通过腿部(132)施加双级射频能量,而没有在冠部(134)短路。
应当理解,如上文参考图9和图10所述那样施加到紧固件(210,310)的射频能量或超声振动还可被施加到端部执行器(106)或者参考本文的教导内容对本领域的普通技术人员而言将为显而易见的外科器械(100)的任何其它合适的部分。
V.杂项
应当理解,本文所述的教导内容、表达方式、实施例、示例等中的任何一者或多者可与本文所述的其它教导内容、表达方式、实施例、示例等中的任何一者或多者相结合。上述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、示例等不应视为彼此孤立。参考本文教导内容,其中本文教导内容可结合的各种合适方式将对本领域的普通技术人员显而易见。此类修改和变型旨在包括在权利要求书的范围内。
应当理解,以引用方式全文或部分地并入本文的任何专利、公布或其它公开材料均仅在所并入的材料不与本公开所述的现有定义、陈述或其它公开材料相冲突的范围内并入本文。同样地并且在必要的程度上,本文明确阐述的公开内容取代了以引用方式并入本文的任何冲突材料。任何以引用方式并入本文但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述或其它公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,仅在所并入的材料和现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。
上文所述装置的型式可应用在由医疗专业人员进行的常规医疗处理和手术中、以及可应用在机器人辅助的医疗处理和手术中。仅以举例的方式,本文的各种教导内容可易于结合到机器人外科系统诸如Intuitive Surgical,Inc.(Sunnyvale,California)的DAVINCITM系统中。
上文所述型式可被设计成在单次使用后废弃,或者其可被设计成能够使用多次。在任一种情况下或两种情况下,可再调整型式以在至少一次使用之后重复使用。再调整可包括以下步骤的任意组合:拆卸装置、然后清洁或替换特定零件以及随后进行重新组装。具体地讲,可拆卸一些型式的所述装置,并且可选择性地以任何组合型式来替换或移除所述装置的任意数量的特定零件或部分。在清洁和/或替换特定部分时,所述装置的一些型式可在修复设施处重新组装或者在即将进行手术前由使用者重新组装以供随后使用。本领域的技术人员将会了解,装置再调整可以利用多种技术进行拆卸、清洁/替换以及重新组装。这些技术的使用和所得重新调整的装置均在本申请的范围内。
仅以举例的方式,本文描述的型式可在手术之前和/或之后消毒。在一种消毒技术中,将装置放置在闭合并密封的容器中,诸如,塑料袋或TYVEK袋中。然后可将容器和装置放置在可穿透所述容器的辐射场中,诸如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子。辐射可将装置上和容器中的细菌杀死。然后可将消毒后的装置保存在无菌容器中。还可使用本领域已知的任何其它技术对装置消毒,包括但不限于β辐射或γ辐射、环氧乙烷或蒸汽。
上文已经示出了和描述了本发明的多个实施例,可由本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明范围的情况下进行适当修改来实现本文描述的方法和系统的进一步改进。已经提及了此类可能修改中的若干个,并且其它的修改对本领域的技术人员而言为显而易见的。例如,上文所讨论的示例、实施例、几何形状、材料、尺寸、比率、步骤等均是示例性的而非所要求的。因此,本发明的范围应根据下面的权利要求书来考虑,并且应理解为不限于说明书和附图中示出和描述的结构和操作的细节。

Claims (19)

1.一种能够操作以切割和固定组织的设备,所述设备包括横切紧固件,其中所述横切紧固件包括:
(a)被构造成能够夹持组织的多个腿部,所述多个腿部中的每个具有内纵向边缘和外纵向边缘;
(b)接合所述多个腿部的冠部部分,其中所述冠部部分为可变形的;和
(c)定位在所述多个腿部中的每个上的至少一个刀片,其中所述至少一个刀片具有渐缩的梯形形状并且自所述内纵向边缘向内延伸并且向内与所述内纵向边缘且向内与所述外纵向边缘分隔开,其中所述至少一个刀片能够操作以切割组织。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述多个腿部中的每个包括前钩和侧面锚固件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述侧面锚固件相对于所述前钩接近垂直地定位。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个刀片的尺寸被设定为横跨所述多个腿部的基本上整个长度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述多个腿部由延展性材料制成,所述延展性材料被构造成能够允许和保持所述多个腿部和所述冠部的变形。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述多个腿部和所述冠部部分形成伸长的C形状。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个刀片包括被构造成能够剪切组织的两个或更多个刀片。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个刀片包括被构造成能够将超声振动递送到手术部位的钝边缘。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述至少一个刀片包括被构造成能够将射频能量递送到手术部位以凝固组织的钝边缘。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备,还包括外科器械,所述外科器械包括:
(i)手持件,
(ii)从所述手持件延伸的轴,和
(iii)端部执行器,其中所述端部执行器被构造成能够保持所述多个腿部中的至少一个,其中所述端部执行器还被构造成能够将所述多个腿部中的至少一个驱动到组织中。
11.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述轴包括被构造成能够打开和闭合所述端部执行器的外管。
12.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述手持件还包括被构造成能够将射频能量通过所述轴递送到所述至少一个刀片的射频发生器。
13.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述手持件还包括被构造成能够将超声振动通过所述轴递送到所述至少一个刀片的超声发生器。
14.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述端部执行器包括上钳口和下钳口,其中所述上钳口能够相对于所述下钳口枢转。
15.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述手持件具有能够操作以使用单手操作致动所述端部执行器的一个或多个触发器。
16.一种能够操作以切割和固定组织的设备,所述设备包括横切紧固件,其中所述横切紧固件包括:
(a)被构造成能够夹持组织的多个腿部,所述多个腿部中的每个具有内纵向边缘和外纵向边缘,所述多个腿部中的每个包括能够刺穿组织的前部齿状物;
(b)接合所述多个腿部的冠部部分,其中所述冠部部分为可变形的;和
(c)定位在所述多个腿部中的每个上的至少一个刀片,其中所述至少一个刀片具有渐缩的梯形形状并且自所述内纵向边缘向内延伸并且向内与所述内纵向边缘且向内与所述外纵向边缘分隔开,其中所述至少一个刀片能够操作以切割组织。
17.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其中所述齿状物具有钩状形状。
18.根据权利要求16所述的设备,其中所述多个腿部中的每个包括被构造成能够刺穿组织的侧锚固件。
19.一种能够操作以切割和固定组织的设备,所述设备包括横切紧固件,其中所述横切紧固件包括:
(a)被构造成能够夹持组织的多个腿部,所述多个腿部中的每个具有内纵向边缘和外纵向边缘;
(b)接合所述多个腿部的冠部部分,其中所述冠部部分为可变形的;和
(c)定位在所述多个腿部中的每个上的至少一个刀片,其中所述至少一个刀片具有渐缩的梯形形状并且自所述内纵向边缘向内延伸并且向内与所述内纵向边缘且向内与所述外纵向边缘分隔开,其中所述至少一个刀片能够操作以切割组织,
(d)外科器械,所述外科器械包括:
(i)手持件,
(ii)从所述手持件延伸的轴,和
(iii)端部执行器,其中所述端部执行器被构造成能够保持所述多个腿部中的至少一个,其中所述端部执行器还被构造成能够将所述多个腿部中的至少一个驱动到组织中,其中所述轴限定通过所述轴纵向延伸的分离轴线平面;
其中,所述端部执行器从所述轴朝远侧延伸,
并且其中,所述紧固件能够操作以沿与所述分离轴线平面侧向偏置并且平行于所述分离轴线平面的相应平面闭合。
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