CN105759216B - A kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell charge state estimation method - Google Patents
A kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell charge state estimation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell charge state estimation methods, including step：S1：Acquire battery surface dynamic stress and cell operating status signal, wherein the cell operating status signal includes being used to indicate first data of the battery in charging, standing or discharge condition；S2：Judge whether battery is in static condition, if it is, S3 is thened follow the steps, if it has not, thening follow the steps S4；S3：Using a preceding estimation result as the state-of-charge of current lithium ion battery；S4：According to battery surface dynamic stress, battery surface static stress is obtained, and executes step S5；S5：According to obtained battery surface static stress, in conjunction with static stress and state-of-charge respective function, estimation obtains the state-of-charge of lithium ion battery.Compared with prior art, the present invention realizes charge states of lithium ion battery using the method based on stress measurement, and the complexity of system is reduced while improving system accuracies.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of charge states of lithium ion battery methods of estimation, more particularly, to a kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell
Charge state estimation method.
Background technology
Traditional battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) is to inside battery state, especially
It is when estimating SOC, is essentially all the side based on lithium ion battery open-circuit voltage OCV or battery equivalent circuit
Method, in fact, there are a congenital drawbacks for this method, that is, the estimation of voltage platform area is inaccurate, especially for ferric phosphate
Lithium battery is particularly acute；Some new methods at present, such as fuzzy logic, artificial neural network and support vector machines are also gradually answered
In the estimation for using SOC, but above method needs a large amount of data supporting, and model is complicated.
In conclusion it is exactly not enough excessively multiple that battery SOC method of estimation used in BMS systems, which is not accuracy, at present
It is miscellaneous, it is of high cost.Estimate therefore, it is necessary to provide a kind of SOC based on battery surface stress measurement under current BMS system architectures
Meter method.
After 2000, lithium ion battery stress studies are gradually valued by people, and inventor has found lithium ion battery
Surface stress is mainly related with the embedding lithium of electrode, and the embedding lithium degree of electrode can then characterize battery charge state, by deep reality
Test amount and theory analysis, inventor have found soft bag lithium ionic cell surface stress and SOC there are one-to-one relationship, and bent
Line monotonicity is fine, charge and discharge hysteresis unobvious, and platform area charge and discharge stress curve essentially coincides, if this discovery application
In charge states of lithium ion battery estimation, then the inaccurate drawback of the methods of equivalent circuit platform area estimation can be solved.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of Soft Roll lithium-ion electrics
Pond charge state estimation method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell charge state estimation method, including step：
S1：Acquire battery surface dynamic stress and cell operating status signal, wherein the cell operating status signal
Including being used to indicate first data of the battery in charging, standing or discharge condition；
S2：Judge whether battery is in static condition, if it is, S3 is thened follow the steps, if it has not, thening follow the steps S4；
S3：Using a preceding estimation result as the state-of-charge of current lithium ion battery；
S4：According to battery surface dynamic stress, battery surface static stress is obtained, and executes step S5；
S5：According to obtained battery surface static stress, in conjunction with static stress and state-of-charge respective function, estimation
Obtain the state-of-charge of lithium ion battery.
The present invention is characterized by based on the one-to-one correspondence between battery surface stress and the state-of-charge of lithium ion battery
Relationship, since the acquisition of static stress is difficult, by the way of by acquiring battery surface dynamic stress, to estimate lithium-ion electric
The state-of-charge in pond.
The step S4 specifically includes step：
S41：Judge whether battery is in charged state, if it is, S42 is thened follow the steps, if it has not, thening follow the steps
S43；
S42：According to collected battery surface dynamic stress and trickle charge time, battery surface static stress is obtained：
DS-S=SS
Wherein：DS is battery surface dynamic stress, and S is stress decay value, and SS is battery surface static stress；
S43：Using battery surface dynamic stress as battery surface static stress.
The cell operating status signal further includes the second data for recording the battery trickle charge time,
Stress decay value in the step S42 is obtained according to stress decay model, and the stress decay model is specially：
Wherein：y0For primary stress, A is attenuation amplitude, and τ is attenuation constant, tcFor the battery trickle charge time.
When each primary cell starts to charge up, the battery trickle charge time is recalculated.
The step S42 specifically includes step：
S421：The state-of-charge of lithium ion battery is estimated according to battery surface dynamic stress；
S422：Corresponding primary stress, attenuation amplitude and attenuation constant are selected according to estimation results, and substitutes into stress decay
Model；
S423：Stress decay value is obtained according to stress decay model and battery trickle charge time；
S424：It is worth to battery surface static stress according to stress decay.
The respective function of stress and state-of-charge is specially pair of averaged static stress and state-of-charge in the step S5
Function is answered, wherein the average value of the static stress when averaged static stress is charge and discharge under same state-of-charge,
Step S5 is specially：Using obtained battery surface static stress as averaged static stress, according to stress with it is charged
The respective function of state, estimation obtain the state-of-charge of lithium ion battery.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
1) present invention realizes charge states of lithium ion battery using the method based on stress measurement, is improving system accuracies
While reduce the complexity of system.
2) outbound data of the present invention acquisition is only limitted to surface stress and cell operating status information (status and continuous
Charging time), the data volume needed is smaller, and model calculation amount is smaller.
3) state-of-charge of present battery is directly calculated according to stress, it is all unrelated with the historic state of battery and error,
It will not cause the accumulation of error.
4) in charging, it is contemplated that stress decay value can improve precision.
5) state-of-charge is first estimated according to dynamic stress, corresponding primary stress, decaying width is selected further according to state-of-charge
Degree and attenuation constant substitute into attenuation model, improve estimation precision.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the key step flow diagram of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the relation schematic diagram of the battery dynamic stress and static stress as obtained by testing and measure；
The schematic diagram of Fig. 3 stress decay models application；
Fig. 4 attenuation amplitudes and its fitting figure line；
Fig. 5 static stress and its matched curve；
Fig. 6 attenuation constants and its matched curve；
Fig. 7 is surveyed the relational graph and averaged static stress curve of battery static stress and battery SOC by experiment；
Fig. 8 is the detailed process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention
Premised on implemented, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
The application before application, needs measured in advance to obtain the charged shape of battery surface static stress and lithium ion battery
One-to-one relationship between state, this one-to-one relationship may be used experiment and determine, same type (especially same model)
Battery, the correspondence between static stress and state-of-charge is almost the same, obtains one-to-one relationship to get static state has been arrived
Stress and electricity condition respective function, this function can fit a mathematic(al) representation and be stored, can also be used
The form of the table of comparisons is stored, and how this specific correspondence obtains, and how is the precision of respective function, is not belonging to this
Apply for the scope discussed, therefore the application is no longer described in detail, the application only requires, if it is what is measured by experiment method, foundation
Data need to come from the measurement experiment in single battery single loop.
A kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell charge state estimation method, as shown in Figure 1, including step：
S1：Acquire battery surface dynamic stress and cell operating status signal, wherein cell operating status signal includes
First data of the battery in charging, standing or discharge condition are used to indicate, since the measurement of battery surface static stress is difficult,
And dynamic stress can be measured by pressure sensor, therefore selection measures battery surface dynamic stress in the application.
S2：Judge whether battery is in static condition, if it is, S3 is thened follow the steps, if it has not, thening follow the steps S4；
S3：Using a preceding estimation result as the state-of-charge of current lithium ion battery；
S4：According to battery surface dynamic stress, battery surface static stress is obtained, and executes step S5；
Step S4 specifically includes step：
S41：Judge whether battery is in charged state, if it is, S42 is thened follow the steps, if it has not, thening follow the steps
S43；
S42：According to collected battery surface dynamic stress and trickle charge time, battery surface static stress is obtained：
DS-S=SS
Wherein：DS is battery surface dynamic stress, and S is stress decay value, and SS is battery surface static stress；
It is illustrated in figure 2 dynamic stress (Dynamic Stress, DS), i.e., the lithium battery table measured by pressure sensor
The instantaneous stress in face.Static stress (Static Stress, SS) is the stress that dynamic stress obtains after sufficient standing, one
As it is considered that standing 2 hours, stress no longer restores, and stress at this time is static stress.Stress decay is lithium-ion electric
There is a phenomenon where restore for stress after charge or discharge process in pond stops.There are following relationships for three kinds of stress：
SS=DS-S
The static stress of battery can be obtained with the change curve of SOC by carrying out intermittent charge to battery, i.e., often charge 5%
SOC stands 2h, until reaching charge cutoff voltage；Discharge process is also such.As shown below, the figure of square filled marks
Line is the dynamic stress in charging process, and the figure line of black triangle label is the static stress in charging process；Open triangles
The figure line of shape label is the dynamic stress in discharge process, and the figure line of hollow circular mark is the static stress in discharge process；
As shown in Figure 2, the static stress of charging process is significantly less than dynamic stress, and two curves of discharge process almost overlap.This is
Caused by the stress decay characteristic of charge and discharge process, stress decay when charging is apparent, and almost without stress when discharging
Decaying.
Cell operating status signal further includes the second data for recording the battery trickle charge time, and each primary cell is opened
When beginning to charge, the battery trickle charge time is recalculated.
Step S42 specifically includes step：
S421：The state-of-charge of lithium ion battery is estimated according to battery surface dynamic stress；
S422：Corresponding primary stress, attenuation amplitude and attenuation constant are selected according to estimation results, and substitutes into stress decay
Model acquires stress decay value, and stress decay model is specially：
Wherein：y0For primary stress, A is attenuation amplitude, and τ is attenuation constant, tcFor the battery trickle charge time.
Since primary stress, attenuation amplitude and the attenuation constant in stress decay model under different state-of-charges can areas
Not, so being used in the application for different state-of-charge sections, it is proposed that the mode of the parameter group of one group of stress decay model.
Since stress decay is related with the trickle charge time, added in cell operating status signal in the application
Second data, for recording the battery trickle charge time, to improve precision.Further, since stress decay model and SOC are (charged
State, similarly hereinafter) related, that is, stress decay is the function of SOC, but when establishing SOC estimation models, SOC is to be estimated
Amount, that is, unknown quantity, so cannot be directly using SOC as input quantity in stress decay model.It so just needs to carry out SOC
Pre-estimation because SOC and charging stress have dull functional relation, therefore can be come using dynamic stress (instead of the stress that charges)
Pre-estimation is carried out to SOC.The SOC obtained by pre-estimation determines the sections SOC, and it is multiple sections to divide SOC in the application, so
It is declined afterwards come the stress of all the points in the approximate evaluation section with the corresponding stress decay fitting formulas of each section right endpoint SOC
Subtract, due to the use of approximate substitution method, so divide the sections SOC it is more, model is more accurate, and resulting error is got over
It is small, consider the problems of experimental period, ten sections are divided into the present embodiment, every 10% is used as a section, specifically such as 1 institute of table
Show
Table 1
| SOC | Dynamic stress (kg) | SOC | Dynamic stress (kg) |
| 0~0.1 | 0.00~0.99 | 0.5~0.6 | 3.72~4.09 |
| 0.1~0.2 | 0.99~1.95 | 0.6~0.7 | 4.09~4.57 |
| 0.2~0.3 | 1.95~2.86 | 0.7~0.8 | 4.57~5.11 |
| 0.3~0.4 | 2.86~3.42 | 0.8~0.9 | 5.11~5.75 |
| 0.4~0.5 | 3.42~3.72 | 0.9~1.0 | 5.75~6.12 |
Then stress decay is calculated using the stress decay fitting formula in the different sections SOC, as shown in Figure 3.
With (0.5,0.6]It is sharp in Origin according to the Maxwell stress decay models of lithium ion battery for section
The curve is fitted with Polynomial Fit tools,
As shown in Figure 4, with the growth of trickle charge time, attenuation amplitude also constantly increases.The functional relation of the two can
To be fitted with quadratic polynomial, goodness of fit R20.998 can be reached.Write out attenuation amplitude A and trickle charge time tcBetween
Function expression：A=0.01503+0.00849tc-9.43353×10-5tc 2
Shown in Fig. 5, with the growth of trickle charge time, y0Constantly increase, the functional relation of the two can be used more three times
Item formula fitting, goodness of fit R20.999 can be reached.Primary stress y can be write out0With trickle charge time tcBetween function
Expression formula：
y0=4.1707-0.00408tc-2.6539×10-4tc 2+6.43776×10-6tc 3
Fig. 6 is attenuation constant τ and its matched curve.As seen from the figure, with the growth of trickle charge time, attenuation constant is not
Disconnected to increase, the functional relation of the two can be fitted with equation of linear regression, goodness of fit R20.965 can be reached.It can write out
Attenuation constant τ and trickle charge time tcBetween function expression：
τ=707.7+14.19376tc
It using identical experimental method, measures respectively at 10%~100%SOC, ten SOC points, when different trickle charges
Between corresponding stress decay process, and carry out curve fitting, obtained not to each stress decay process in Origin softwares
With difference trickle charge time corresponding stress decay model at SOC points, the parameter in each stress decay model is then extracted,
Make these parameters (A, y0, τ) with trickle charge time tcImage and carry out curve fitting.
The stress decay Estimating The Model Coefficients result at different SOC points is listed below：
10%：
20%：
30%：
40%:：
50%：
60%：
70%：
80%：
90%：
100%：
S423：Stress decay value is obtained according to stress decay model and battery trickle charge time；
S424：It is worth to battery surface static stress according to stress decay.
S43：Using battery surface dynamic stress as battery surface static stress.
S5：According to obtained battery surface static stress, in conjunction with the respective function of stress and state-of-charge, estimation obtains lithium
The state-of-charge of ion battery,
The respective function of stress and state-of-charge therein can there are two, be respectively used to characterization charging static stress and lotus
Correspondence between electricity condition, and for characterize electric discharge when static stress and state-of-charge between correspondence, in this way
Precision can be improved.But static stress difference when due to charge and discharge is smaller, in order to simplify computation complexity, may be used flat
The respective function of equal static stress and state-of-charge battery surface static stress and is put when averaged static stress therein is charging
The average value of battery surface static stress when electric.
Due to be charged and discharged when static stress and state-of-charge between correspondence can be slightly different, but gap compared with
It is small, it is specific as shown in fig. 7, solid line indicates that the respective function image of static stress and state-of-charge when charging, long dotted line are in Fig. 7
The respective function image of static stress and state-of-charge when electric discharge, short dash line are the respective function figure of draw stress and state-of-charge
Picture, as shown, for using " averaged static stress " estimate SOC generate systematic error, worst error be no more than 3%, and
The smaller feature of platform area error is showed, but memory capacity and calculating process can be greatly simplified.
Shown in Fig. 8, SOC estimates that the input quantity of model is battery status signal and dynamic stress signal, and two signals are same
Step.Battery status signal is to indicate token state of the battery in charging, standing or electric discharge, with " 1 " expression charging in this model
State, " 0 " indicate that static condition, " -1 " indicate discharge condition.Battery status signal is additionally operable to calculate the trickle charge time, works as mould
Type detects that battery starts to charge up, and model starts to calculate the trickle charge time, when model inspection to battery enters other states,
Stop calculating；When detecting that battery starts to charge up again, model restarts to calculate the trickle charge time.Dynamic stress signal
The battery surface pressure real-time monitored for pressure sensor.
The course of work of model is as follows：
Model monitors input signal in real time, detects that battery is charged state when a certain moment, starts to execute stress decay
Model estimates SOC by dynamic stress signal, and counts to get the trickle charge time by battery status signal, estimate SOC and
Static stress is calculated as stress decay mode input amount in the trickle charge time, then tables look-up the battery for obtaining current time
State-of-charge (SOC)；When a certain moment model inspection to battery is static condition, model automatically keeps the SOC of last moment；
When detecting that battery is discharge condition at a certain moment, since discharge process is substantially not present stress decay, so discharge process
Dynamic stress be approximately equal to static stress, can be directly by tabling look-up to obtain the battery charge state at current time.
Such as in the present embodiment, static stress and state-of-charge respective function use the table of comparisons form, specifically such as
Shown in table 2：
Table 2
Claims (6)
1. a kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell charge state estimation method, which is characterized in that including step：
S1：Acquire battery surface dynamic stress and cell operating status signal, wherein the cell operating status signal includes
It is used to indicate first data of the battery in charging, standing or discharge condition；
S2：Judge whether battery is in static condition, if it is, S3 is thened follow the steps, if it has not, thening follow the steps S4；
S3：Using a preceding estimation result as the state-of-charge of current lithium ion battery；
S4：According to battery surface dynamic stress, battery surface static stress is obtained, and executes step S5；
S5：According to obtained battery surface static stress, according to the respective function of stress and state-of-charge, estimation obtains lithium ion
The state-of-charge of battery.
2. a kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell charge state estimation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid S4 specifically includes step：
S41：Judge whether battery is in charged state, if it is, S42 is thened follow the steps, if it has not, thening follow the steps S43；
S42：According to collected battery surface dynamic stress and trickle charge time, battery surface static stress is obtained：
DS-S=SS
Wherein：DS is battery surface dynamic stress, and S is stress decay value, and SS is battery surface static stress；
S43：Using battery surface dynamic stress as battery surface static stress.
3. a kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell charge state estimation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the electricity
Pond working state signal further includes the second data for recording the battery trickle charge time,
Stress decay value in the step S42 is obtained according to stress decay model, and the stress decay model is specially：
Wherein：y0For primary stress, A is attenuation amplitude, and τ is attenuation constant, tcFor the battery trickle charge time.
4. a kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell charge state estimation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that each time
When battery starts to charge up, the battery trickle charge time is recalculated.
5. a kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell charge state estimation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid S42 specifically includes step：
S421：The state-of-charge of lithium ion battery is estimated according to battery surface dynamic stress；
S422：Corresponding primary stress, attenuation amplitude and attenuation constant are selected according to estimation results, and substitutes into stress decay mould
Type；
S423：Stress decay value is obtained according to stress decay model and battery trickle charge time；
S424：It is worth to battery surface static stress according to stress decay.
6. a kind of soft bag lithium ionic cell charge state estimation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the step
The respective function of stress and state-of-charge is specially the respective function of averaged static stress and state-of-charge in rapid S5, wherein described
The average value of static stress when averaged static stress is charge and discharge under same state-of-charge,
Step S5 is specially：Using obtained battery surface static stress as averaged static stress, according to stress and state-of-charge
Respective function, estimation obtain the state-of-charge of lithium ion battery.
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| CN107748329A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-03-02 | 清华大学 | Charge states of lithium ion battery monitoring method, monitoring device and monitoring modular |
| JP6863258B2 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2021-04-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Stress estimation method for secondary battery system and active material of secondary battery |
| JP6927008B2 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2021-08-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Secondary battery system and SOC estimation method for secondary batteries |
| CN109307844B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2021-06-04 | 福建云众动力科技有限公司 | Lithium battery SOC estimation method and device |
| EP3624252A1 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Secondary battery system and method of estimating an internal state of secondary battery |
| CN109696635B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2021-01-29 | 合肥协力仪表控制技术股份有限公司 | Battery charging state judgment method and management system based on Internet of vehicles application |
| CN111830418B (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2021-05-11 | 南京航空航天大学 | SOC estimation method considering external environment influence of soft package battery |
| CN115524655B (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2023-11-07 | 成都智邦科技有限公司 | Residual electric quantity prediction calibration method of energy storage battery |
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