CN105756022A - Method for preventing water of release structure from over-step flowing and stepped energy dissipater - Google Patents
Method for preventing water of release structure from over-step flowing and stepped energy dissipater Download PDFInfo
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- CN105756022A CN105756022A CN201610123466.XA CN201610123466A CN105756022A CN 105756022 A CN105756022 A CN 105756022A CN 201610123466 A CN201610123466 A CN 201610123466A CN 105756022 A CN105756022 A CN 105756022A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing water of a release structure from over-step flowing and a stepped energy dissipater. The method comprises the following steps: draining water to the stepped energy dissipater, enabling water to firstly flow through drainage wedges which are raised step by step on steps of the stepped energy dissipater, keeping the water be matched with water Froude numbers which are increased along the process, guiding the coming water to form continuous gentle wave-shaped water flow, gradually reducing the radius of the wave-shaped water flow in a smooth mode, joining downstream water at an energy dissipation section finally, and ensuring that the water flows smoothly and flows downwards step by step. The stepped energy dissipater comprises a smooth flow-in section and an energy dissipation section, wherein the flow-in section comprises a section of steps; the drainage wedges are arranged on the steps of the section of the steps; the energy dissipation section comprises another section of steps which are connected with the section of the steps; and tail ridges are arranged on the steps of the section of the steps. On the one hand, the step flow regime can be stabilized and smoothed by the drainage wedges of the smooth flow-in section, and on the other hand, an efficient energy dissipation effect can be achieved through the high tail ridges on the steps of the energy dissipation section.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of outlet structure escape works current in Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering bypass the immediate leadership flowing prevention and controls and ladder energy dissipater, it is mainly used in smooth-going and stablizes ladder fluidised form, avoid the generation of " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " phenomenon, improve effect of energy dissipation simultaneously, meet the needs such as engineering safety.
Background technology
Along with the development that Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering is built, outlet structure escape works high-velocity flow problem becomes increasingly conspicuous.Wherein, dissipation and scouring and cavitation and cavitation erosion problem are particularly noticeable, are always up in engineering design a difficult problem urgently to be resolved hurrily and restriction problem.Relative to tradition flood-discharge energy-dissipating mode, as chosen stream, underflow, face (bailing bucket) stream etc., ladder energy dissipater has own characteristic and advantage.Wherein, horizontal steps energy dissipater is made up of some level lengths and highly fixing horizontal steps.Current are descending step by step, are subject to ladder-effect thus forming strong cross rod eddy and aeration, make energy dissipate along flow spaces, to improving scouring before dam, simplify dissipation and scouring facility, improve energy dissipating efficiency, it is to avoid cavitation corrosion and atomization generation etc. have remarkable effect.
Based on horizontal steps energy dissipater, tail bank ladder energy dissipater by arranging the tail bank of structure and constant dimension on every grade of ladder, acutely development for aeration rotary roll provides bigger space, and reduces wavy current radius to increase flow turbulence, thus having higher effect of energy dissipation.The corresponding more big rotary roll size of more big tail bank height and energy and more strong flow turbulence, bring more high energy dissipation rate.But, tail bank height is restricted, and too high meeting causes and not the mating of section current Floyd's algorithm, thus causing the generation of " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " phenomenon." flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " refers to that ladder current run counter to rule descending step by step, crosses some grades of ladders and directly impacts downstream cascaded surface and concurrently form the phenomenon of cavity.This phenomenon typically occurs in the inducer of tail bank ladder energy dissipater, and structural style and the fluidised form parameter of its correspondence are shown in Fig. 1, and wherein, a and b respectively step length is tail bank height, L with height, msFor current length, the H of bypassing the immediate leadershipsFor current height of bypassing the immediate leadership.First, " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " can cause the pressure anomaly of cascaded surface, and the load including the negative pressure bypassed the immediate leadership in current lower cavity and its shock zone increases phenomenon；Secondly, can cause that overflow crosses abutment wall and relevant a series of safety problems, it is therefore desirable to higher abutment wall is set in engineering；Finally, reduce the ladder quantity of effective energy dissipating, effect of energy dissipation is had a negative impact.This all will affect the efficient of ladder energy dissipater structure, and safety is with stable.
Summary of the invention
The present invention propose a kind of outlet structure escape works current bypass the immediate leadership flowing prevention and controls and ladder energy dissipater, one aspect of the present invention is stable by the drain voussoir of the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin, smooth-going ladder fluidised form, the generation particularly avoiding " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " phenomenon and the harm thus brought (include pressure anomaly and cross abutment wall), obtain efficient effect of energy dissipation by the high tail bank on energy dissipating section ladder on the other hand.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of outlet structure escape works current of the present invention bypass the immediate leadership flowing prevention and controls, current are caused ladder energy dissipater, and make current first pass around the drain voussoir that the height being arranged on ladder energy dissipater step raises step by step, and maintenance and the current Floyd's algorithm along Cheng Zeng great match, incoming flow is guided to form the mild wavy current of continuous print, wavy current radius is made to be gradually reduced and final and downstream dissipator of energy section Current connectin in the way of smooth, it is ensured that current smooth out and descending step by step.
A kind of outlet structure escape works current of the present invention bypass the immediate leadership flowing prevention and controls ladder energy dissipater, including the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin and energy dissipating section, the described smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin includes one section of ladder, the steps at different levels of described one section of ladder are provided with drain voussoir, described energy dissipating section includes another section of ladder being connected with described one section of ladder, is provided with tail bank on the steps at different levels of described another section of ladder.
Compared with prior art, present invention have the advantage that
The tail bank height of ladder energy dissipater is more big, corresponding more big rotary roll size and energy, just can bring more high energy dissipation rate, but, the too high meeting of tail bank causes and not the mating of section current Floyd's algorithm, thus causing the generation of " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " phenomenon." flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " refers to that ladder current run counter to rule descending step by step, crosses some grades of ladders and directly impacts downstream cascaded surface and concurrently form the phenomenon of cavity, and therefore, tail bank maximum height is restricted, and it is undesirable that this results in effect of energy dissipation.First the drain voussoir highly increased step by step has broken the restriction to tail bank maximum height, the tail bank height making ladder energy dissipater is greatly improved, simultaneously, keep matching with the current Floyd's algorithm along Cheng Zeng great, drainage in conjunction with wedge structure, thus guide current smooth-going flow through, descending step by step, enter energy dissipating section smoothly and avoid the generation of " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " phenomenon, avoiding the fluidised forms such as the water surface is filled with sudden change and worsen, wavy current radius is gradually reduced and final and downstream dissipator of energy section Current connectin in the way of smooth.
Along with the elimination of tail bank maximum height restriction, on ladders at different levels, the height of tail bank can increase considerably, thus forming the ladder flowing of the aeration rotary roll with large scale and energy, significantly improves energy dissipation rate.It is in particular noted that the step number of the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin must be significantly smaller than energy dissipating section, making energy dissipating section have enough ladders to obtain significant effect of energy dissipation, additionally the height of drainage system must less than or equal to the height of high bank, it is ensured that current smooth-going enters energy dissipating section.
The raising of the fluid stable of ladder energy dissipater, effect of energy dissipation and structure and engineering operation security problems are highly important.Effectiveness of the invention has obtained verification experimental verification, simple for structure, it is possible to while obtaining high energy dissipation rate, reduces or remits the generation of " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " phenomenon and relevant harm thereof, finally ensures that the safety of energy dissipater's overall structure and operation is with stable.
Additionally, it also have the advantage that structure is arranged and construction is simple；Effectively deduction and exemption " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " phenomenon；Optimize flow-shape, control cascaded surface load；Reduce cascaded surface cavitation erosion risk；Reduce required peripheral wall height, it is to avoid because current cross the harm that abutment wall causes；Improve ladder energy dissipater effect of energy dissipation.
The purpose of the present invention, advantage and feature, by for illustration and explanation by the non-limitative illustration of following preferred embodiments, these embodiments are only used as example with reference to accompanying drawing and provide.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is tail bank ladder energy dissipater structure and flow schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention smoothes out become a mandarin ladder energy dissipater structure and flow schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the experiment photo of scheme 1 under engineering construction example 2 operating mode 1 condition.
Fig. 4 is the experiment photo of scheme 2 under engineering construction example 2 operating mode 1 condition.
Fig. 5 is the experiment photo of scheme 3 under engineering construction example 2 operating mode 1 condition.
Fig. 6 is the experiment photo of scheme 1 under engineering construction example 2 operating mode 2 condition.
Fig. 7 is the experiment photo of scheme 2 under engineering construction example 2 operating mode 2 condition.
Fig. 8 is the experiment photo of scheme 3 under engineering construction example 2 operating mode 2 condition.
In figure, 1 is current of bypassing the immediate leadership, and 2 is the cavity bypassed the immediate leadership below current, and 3 is the shock zone of current of bypassing the immediate leadership, 4 is the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin, and 5 is energy dissipating section, and 6 is drain voussoir, and 7 is high tail bank, a is step length, and b is ladder height, and n is the step number that the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin comprises, MnFor drain wedge height, N is the step number that energy dissipating section comprises, and M is the tail bank height of energy dissipating section, LsFor current length of bypassing the immediate leadership, HsFor current height of bypassing the immediate leadership.
Detailed description of the invention
" flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " prevention and controls of the present invention and ladder energy dissipater, when keeping energy dissipater's total drop and ladder sum is constant, it is divided into the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin and energy dissipating section two parts: guide current smooth-going by the drain voussoir smoothed out set by the section of becoming a mandarin, descending step by step, it is to avoid the generation of " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership "；Use the high tail bank of energy dissipating section, increase aeration rotary roll size and the energy of ladder current, significantly improve effect of energy dissipation.
Embodiment 1
A kind of outlet structure escape works current bypass the immediate leadership flowing prevention and controls, current are caused ladder energy dissipater, and make current first pass around the drain voussoir 6 that the height being arranged on ladder energy dissipater step raises step by step, and maintenance and the current Floyd's algorithm along Cheng Zeng great match, incoming flow is guided to form the mild wavy current of continuous print, wavy current radius is made to be gradually reduced and final and downstream dissipator of energy section Current connectin in the way of smooth, it is ensured that current smooth out and descending step by step.
Embodiment 2
A kind of outlet structure escape works current bypass the immediate leadership flowing prevention and controls ladder energy dissipater, including the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin 4 and energy dissipating section 5, the described suitable section of becoming a mandarin 4 includes one section of ladder, the steps at different levels of described one section of ladder are provided with drain voussoir 6, described energy dissipating section 5 includes another section of ladder being connected with described one section of ladder, is provided with tail bank 7 on the steps at different levels of described another section of ladder.In the present embodiment, the height of the drain voussoir 6 on the step of described one section of ladder increases step by step, and meets M1< M2< ... < Mn≤ M, M1、M2、…、MnRespectively the 1st of described one section of ladder the, 2 ..., drain wedge height on n level step, M is the tail bank height on the step of described another section of ladder；Energy dissipating section step number N is more than the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin step number n.Guarantee that energy dissipating section comprises abundant ladder and ladder flowing is carried out abundant energy dissipating.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the specific embodiment of the present invention is made more detailed description.
Smooth-going involved in the present invention becomes a mandarin ladder energy dissipater, as in figure 2 it is shown, wherein a is step length, b is ladder height, and n is the step number that the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin comprises, MnFor drain wedge height, N is the step number that energy dissipating section comprises, and M is the high bank height of energy dissipating section.
For tail bank ladder energy dissipater, all keeping consistent along journey ladder and tail bank size, owing to lacking the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin to the guiding of current and Stabilization, incoming flow starts energy dissipating directly through tail bank ladder.When increasing tail bank height to improve the energy dissipation rate of tail bank ladder energy dissipater, too high current Floyd's algorithm less with inducer for tail bank height m does not mate, significant " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " phenomenon can be caused, thus endangering engineering safety and reducing effect of energy dissipation on the contrary.This reflects that tail bank height m is restricted.And the smooth-going of the present invention becomes a mandarin ladder energy dissipater, under keeping the premise that total step number is constant, it is divided into the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin and energy dissipating section two parts to arrange.The smooth-going drain voussoir that increases step by step of the section of becoming a mandarin guides incoming flow smooth-going to flow through, descending step by step, finally and successfully entrance energy dissipating section carries out energy dissipating.In this process, drain wedge height MnRemain and the mating of current Floyd's algorithm, in conjunction with the drainage of wedge structure, thus avoiding the generation of " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership ".Energy dissipating section has enough step numbers, and the tail bank height M on ladder at different levels is noticeably greater than m, makes the smooth-going ladder energy dissipater that becomes a mandarin have significant effect of energy dissipation.
Below in conjunction with model test embodiment, the present invention is made more detailed description.
Following model embodiment is according to the drain tank engineering design of some hydropower station hinge left bank.This lets out groove drop 82.8m, and water flows through and highly enters ladder energy dissipater for the WES curved section of 7.2m.Ladder energy dissipater comprises 21 grades of ladders altogether, and step length is 4.4m, is highly 3.6m.Letting out well width 11.0m, maximum stream flow is 426.0m3/s.Model designs according to gravity similarity criterion, and guide is 1/40, and assay device includes water pump, water inlet pipe, steel plate water tank, mold segment and return water system.
Use above-mentioned model, the fluidised form and dissipation characteristics that smooth out the ladder energy dissipater that becomes a mandarin are specialized in, and with tail bank ladder energy dissipater through having gone contrast, 3 schemes of design altogether, model parameter is as follows, design parameter implication such as Fig. 1-Fig. 3: scheme 1 is horizontal steps energy dissipater, totally 21 grades of ladders, a=11.0cm, b=9.0cm；Scheme 2 is tail bank ladder energy dissipater, totally 21 grades of ladders, a=11.0cm, b=9.0cm, m=4.2cm；Scheme 3 is to smooth out become a mandarin ladder energy dissipater totally 21 grades of ladders, a=11.0cm, b=9.0cm, n=3, M1=1cm, M2=2cm, M2=3cm, N=18, M=4.2cm.Energy dissipation rate η is by measuring incoming flow and going out stream energy head H0And H1Conversion obtains, and bypass the immediate leadership current length LsWith for height HsMeasure by Fig. 1.
The each scheme model energy dissipation rate of table 1, current length of bypassing the immediate leadership, current height of bypassing the immediate leadership
The fluidised form of table 1 displaying scheme 1-scheme 3 and dissipation characteristics, operating mode 1 and operating mode 2 be corresponding prototype discharge per unit width 19.1m respectively2/ s and 32.2m2/s.Fig. 3-Fig. 8 is each scheme fluidised form photo when operating mode 1 and 2.It can be seen that, by arranging tail bank on ladders at different levels, although scheme 2 relatively scheme 1 increases effect of energy dissipation, but too high tail bank result also in significantly " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " phenomenon and occurs as shown in figs. 4 and 7, current length of bypassing the immediate leadership and highly all bigger, this represents that m=4.2cm has exceeded the restriction to tail bank height, is unallowed in the design；Scheme 3 not only relatively scheme 1 and scheme 2 there is bigger effect of energy dissipation, and as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 8, overall fluidised form smooth-going is stable, current are descending step by step, " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " does not occur, and this shows that the design of drain voussoir and tail bank height is rational for smoothing out the ladder energy dissipater that becomes a mandarin.Testing data shows, smoothing out out stream ladder energy dissipater guides incoming flow smooth-going entrance energy dissipating section to carry out energy dissipating by the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin, avoid " flowing of bypassing the immediate leadership " phenomenon and relevant harm, thus allowing to arrange higher tail bank in energy dissipating section, to obtain compared with horizontal steps energy dissipater and the significantly more effect of energy dissipation of tail bank ladder energy dissipater." flowing of the bypassing the immediate leadership " prevention and controls of ladder energy dissipater proposed by the invention and smooth-going become a mandarin ladder energy dissipater, and effectiveness is proved fully.
Claims (4)
1. outlet structure escape works current are bypassed the immediate leadership the prevention and controls of flowing, it is characterized by, current are caused ladder energy dissipater, and make current first pass around the drain voussoir (6) that the height being arranged on ladder energy dissipater step raises step by step, and maintenance and the current Floyd's algorithm along Cheng Zeng great match, guide incoming flow to form the mild wavy current of continuous print, make wavy current radius be gradually reduced and final and downstream dissipator of energy section Current connectin in the way of smooth, it is ensured that current smooth out and descending step by step.
2. outlet structure escape works current described in a claim 1 bypass the immediate leadership flowing prevention and controls and ladder energy dissipater, it is characterized in that, including the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin (4) and energy dissipating section (5), the described smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin (4) includes one section of ladder, the steps at different levels of described one section of ladder are provided with drain voussoir (6), described energy dissipating section (5) includes another section of ladder being connected with described one section of ladder, is provided with tail bank (7) on the steps at different levels of described another section of ladder.
3. ladder energy dissipater according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the height of the drain voussoir (6) on the step of described one section of ladder increases step by step, and meets M1< M2< ... < Mn≤ M, M1、M2、…、MnRespectively the 1st of described one section of ladder the, 2 ..., drain wedge height on n level step, M is the tail bank height on the step of described another section of ladder.
4. ladder energy dissipater according to claim 2, it is characterised in that energy dissipating section step number N is more than the smooth-going section of becoming a mandarin step number n.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610123466.XA CN105756022B (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2016-03-03 | Outlet structure escape works current are bypassed the immediate leadership the prevention and controls and ladder energy dissipater of flowing |
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| CN201610123466.XA CN105756022B (en) | 2016-03-03 | 2016-03-03 | Outlet structure escape works current are bypassed the immediate leadership the prevention and controls and ladder energy dissipater of flowing |
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| CN105756022A true CN105756022A (en) | 2016-07-13 |
| CN105756022B CN105756022B (en) | 2017-11-03 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106702978A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-05-24 | 河海大学 | Low-overflow dam equal-water head step-by-step energy dissipation structure |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU479848A1 (en) * | 1972-02-29 | 1975-08-05 | Государственный Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Среднеазиатский Проектно-Изыскательский И Научно-Исследовательский Институт По Ирригационному И Мелиоративному Строительству "Средазгипроводхлопок" Им. А.А.Саркисова | Device for extinguishing the energy of the flow in hydraulic structures |
| CN102677640A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2012-09-19 | 四川大学 | Step energy dissipater comprising reverse arc surfaces |
| CN102720171A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-10-10 | 四川大学 | Adverse slope type step energy dissipater |
| CN204662380U (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-23 | 三峡大学 | A kind of bench spillway |
-
2016
- 2016-03-03 CN CN201610123466.XA patent/CN105756022B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU479848A1 (en) * | 1972-02-29 | 1975-08-05 | Государственный Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Среднеазиатский Проектно-Изыскательский И Научно-Исследовательский Институт По Ирригационному И Мелиоративному Строительству "Средазгипроводхлопок" Им. А.А.Саркисова | Device for extinguishing the energy of the flow in hydraulic structures |
| CN102720171A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-10-10 | 四川大学 | Adverse slope type step energy dissipater |
| CN102677640A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2012-09-19 | 四川大学 | Step energy dissipater comprising reverse arc surfaces |
| CN204662380U (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-09-23 | 三峡大学 | A kind of bench spillway |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106702978A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-05-24 | 河海大学 | Low-overflow dam equal-water head step-by-step energy dissipation structure |
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