CN1057523A - Direct method for real-time measurement of angle of side slip of wind tunnel and system thereof - Google Patents
Direct method for real-time measurement of angle of side slip of wind tunnel and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Direct method for real-time measurement of angle of side slip of wind tunnel and system thereof belong to model space attitude angle technical field.The present invention proposes a kind of method of new measurement yaw angle, is characterized in using physical plane---how much planes of symmetry of the laser covering of the fan substitution model longitudinal axis, with measuring the alternative actual yaw angle β value of approximate yaw angle θ value; Adopt the change in location of several mode control signal receiving trap detection laser intersections with center of percussion etc.; Eliminate the translation influence with the double passage differential mode, measure the method that the β value combines with photoelectric code disk, obtain accurate β value directly, in real time with measuring Δ β+δ β value.Measurement range of the present invention is-45 °≤β≤+ 45 °, at the big angle of attack, shake under the condition by force, Measurement Uncertainty less than 2 '.
Description
The invention belongs to model space attitude angle technical field.
To the accurate measurement of attitude of flight vehicle, be the important prerequisite of accurately gathering the aerodynamics relevant data.Yaw angle β is a main physical parameters that characterizes flight attitude, and the definition of yaw angle is: the aircraft speed vector
And the angle between the aircraft symmetrical plane is called yaw angle β.In wind tunnel test, dummy vehicle is motionless, and air flows with the relative dummy vehicle of certain speed, wind speed
FDirection opposite with the dummy vehicle direction of relative movement, and reverse, parallel with hole body X-axis, so yaw angle is defined as in wind-tunnel: the angle between the hole body X-axis and the aircraft plane of symmetry is called yaw angle.Define as can be known thus, yaw angle β is the three dimensions angle on straight line and plane.According to derivation, in the body rectangular coordinate of hole, yaw angle can be used following formulate:
β＝aro Sin（Cosr·Sinψ+Sinr·Sinα·Cosψ） （1）
In the formula: α is the angle of attack, is the aircraft speed vector
The angle of projection on the aircraft plane of symmetry and aircraft fuselage longitudinal axis.
R is a roll angle, i.e. angle between the vertical guide of the aircraft plane of symmetry and process fuselage axis.
ψ is a crab angle, i.e. the angle of aircraft fuselage axis between projection on the surface level and hole body X-axis.
Adopting shoe device bolster model at present is one of advanced means of wind tunnel experiment.The structure of machinery shoe device as shown in Figure 1, its device by top rotary table (1), lower rotary table (2), arc track (3), drag case (4), drag case motor (5), pole (6), internal strain balance parts such as (7) form.Arc track and last lower rotary table rigid attachment, dummy vehicle (8) is nested on the internal strain balance.One mechanical balance lathe bed (8) is arranged below lower rotary table, and lathe bed is fixed on the rotary machine (10) of mechanical balance.Lathe bed and rotating mechanism rotate around central shaft (12) synchronously with last lower rotary table under the dragging of mechanical balance motor (11), change yaw angle β, form mechanical rotation component β
OIn the wind tunnel test process, wind-force both can make shoe device elastic deformation, also can make the displacement of shoe gap, caused vibration, produce mechanically deform component (comprising elastic deformation and gap displacement) the △ β and the oscillating component δ β at β angle, so yaw angle β is mechanical rotation component β
O, mechanically deform component △ β and oscillating component δ β summation, i.e. β=β
O+ △ β+δ β.
The method that prior art is measured the β angle is divided into two classes, and first kind method is to be installed in angular transducer with hole body Y-axis to be on the dummy vehicle support of rotating shaft, to measure its corner, converses yaw angle mechanical rotation component β
O, artificially revise with experimental formula again, with the contribution of compensation deformation component △ β, obtain the β angle to the β angle.The weak point of this kind method is directly to measure in real time actual β angle value, owing to modified value intrinsic original reason error, make between modified value and the actual value and differ far away.Second class methods are to utilize measurement mechanism to measure angle of attack respectively earlier, crab angle ψ, and roll angle r uses β=f(α again, ψ, relation formula r) is calculated the β angle.For example, will speed up meter and be installed in the dummy vehicle, measure the instantaneous value of α, ψ, r in real time with gyro, method by statistical average is obtained α, ψ, r respectively, presses β=f(α again, ψ, r) formula is obtained β, with the approximate β angle that replaces position, the centre of oscillation.The weak point of this method is, can not directly measure the β angle; Can not directly measure the ψ angle of center of percussion position, thus real-time and accuracy that influence is measured, and these modern wind tunnel testing technique urgent problems just.
The objective of the invention is to propose measure in a kind of new wind tunnel test the method for yaw angle, can be directly, in real time the β angle is measured accurately.Simultaneously, the measuring method that proposes according to the present invention is designed in wind tunnel experiment yaw angle is carried out directly the system of measurement in real time, at the big angle of attack, under the mal-condition of strong random vibration, can measure the actual value of yaw angle β high-precision large-range.
According to above-mentioned yaw angle definition, the method with engineering is very difficult by the physical form detection yaw angle β of space angle directly at present.By formula (1) as can be known, the β angle is that (α, ψ γ), by measuring α, ψ, γ angle respectively, by the geometric relationship formula between them, can calculate the β angle again by angle of attack, three dimensions angle amount β that crab angle ψ, roll angle γ determined.But this indirect measuring method can be introduced the various measuring error and the error of calculation, makes the measurement of this system be difficult to satisfy higher testing requirements.In addition in the blowing test, the distinguished and admirable turbulent flow that forms at the aircraft outside surface, it is the random vibration that the gap displacement of elastic deformation and shoe mechanism joint portion causes dummy vehicle that the forced vibration of dummy vehicle is made the mechanical property of the shoe mechanism that supports dummy vehicle and internal strain balance, the urgent vibration frequency of turbulent flow and mechanical system natural frequency near with overlap and can cause strong vibration.The vibration of dummy vehicle promptly is the compound of line vibration and angular oscillation, is again the six-freedom degree stack of compound vibration simultaneously.The amplitude of this kind vibration and the variation of frequency are at random; The amplitude maximum can reach 15g, and I is reduced to below the 0.01g, temporary transient accurate stationary state promptly occurs; Frequency reaches as high as 400HZ, and I is to OHZ.Therefore, the dynamic range of the random vibration of this kind frequency conversion luffing is very big, becomes very difficult and make to measure with signal Processing.
The inventor proposes in wind tunnel experiment by analysis by the approximate yaw angle θ of actual measurement, with the measure theory at θ value representation β angle.The definition of approximate yaw angle θ is the intersection of the dummy vehicle longitudinal axis plane of symmetry and surface level and the angle between the X-axis.According to derivation, can obtain:
Make δ
oBe the error at θ angle and β angle, δ
o=θ-β
δ then
o=1/2(r
2Tg θ Cos
2α) (3)
If the measurement range of θ is-45 °≤θ≤+ 45 °, when the r angle is very little, δ
oBe worth very little.Be guaranteed on the very little shoe apparatus structure of condition in wind tunnel experiment of γ.Usually only produce small elastic deformation, for example r≤15 ', will can obtain δ in this value substitution formula (3)
oMax＜2 ".Therefore, the precision that requires the β angle and accuracy (being uncertainty) less than 2 ', the value at β angle can be directly replaces with the value at θ angle under the condition of measurement range-45 °≤β≤+ 45 °.
In the blowing test, dummy vehicle is carrying out the very big random vibration of dynamic change scope all the time, and the angle value of measuring certain attitude (being the position) in the dummy vehicle vibration is user's basic demand.Get the average of the transient state angle value of a period of time internal vibration, its purpose also is in order to obtain the β angle value of vibration balancing attitude (being the center of percussion position) approx.Therefore, adopt certain attitude (being the certain space position) in the vibration is adopted the substantivity that several methods has measurement, and exempted because the principle stochastic error that data processing is brought.
According to Theoretical Calculation, because the maximal value △ β max of elastic deformation and the caused deformation component of gap displacement＜1.8 °, the maximal value δ β max of oscillating component 〉=7.1 °; The present invention proposes to choose the vibration balancing position for this reason, be that center of percussion is adopted several methods, can reduce the angular range of the received signal of receiver, reach and do not carrying out under the situation of full-field scanning vibration, realize under the condition of shaking by force the purpose of the accurate measurement of the β angle of certain position is improved the ratio of performance to price of this system with this.In sum, the present invention proposes a kind of practical methods of directly measuring yaw angle β in real time, comprising:
(1) target generator that can produce a physical plane places in the tested model body, adjusts said physical plane and overlaps with this model geometric plane of symmetry, makes it the method for the representative model plane of symmetry;
(2) signal receiving device is positioned over the intersection place of said physical plane and surface level, from motion tracking with detect the method for the spatiality change in location of said intersection;
(3) said signal is carried out data acquisition (number adopted in abbreviation) and signal Processing, obtain the method for yaw angle △ β+δ β component value;
(4) adopt angular transducer to measure the mechanical rotation component β of yaw angle
o, press β=β again
o+ △ β+relation of δ β is obtained the combination measurement method at β angle.
A kind of preferred plan of implementing said method of the present invention is:
Said target generator adopts the laser eyepiece generator that can produce a laser covering of the fan, and the intersection of laser covering of the fan and surface level is called the laser intersection.Said signal receiving device is the laser signal receiving trap.
Said laser signal receiving trap adopts double passage differential formula linear array photoelectric detector, two detecting devices are installed in abreast not only and can sway but also can be simultaneously along on the composite machine device that rotates tangential translation the motion of tracking aircraft model automatically synchronously with model with a determining deviation; Binary channels linear array photoelectric detector is the displacement of detection laser intersection simultaneously, eliminates the translation displacement by Difference Calculation, obtains the poor of rotation displacement, tries to achieve β angle real-time deformation component and oscillating component △ β+δ β.
Said laser signal is adopted number and method for processing signals comprises two parts: 1. be to adopt several promptly the laser intersection to be exposed; 2. be that signal Processing is about to light signal and is converted to electric signal, again through the binaryzation shaping, become digital quantity, said two-way is detected data to be subtracted each other, eliminate the translation displacement, deformation component and oscillating component that the difference △ Z that obtains rotation displacement changes into yaw angle again are the method for △ β+δ β, and promptly the spacing L according to the dual channel optoelectronic detecting device calculates the θ angle.
θ=arctg[△ z/L], this θ angle value is △ β+δ β value.
The said number of adopting comprises three kinds of modes, and promptly center of percussion is adopted and counted, adopts at random number and adopt number continuously.These three kinds of modes are set in advance according to different measurement requirement, and can automatically switch according to the control signal that vibrational state produces.For example adopt number and center of percussion continuously and adopt several switchings, or adopt number continuously and adopt several switchings at random.
It is to utilize the inspection of measuring in laser covering of the fan normal direction shake signal and signal processing circuit that said center of percussion is adopted counting method, makes said signal receiving device receive only the laser signal of model when being in the center of percussion position in vibration, obtains the method at △ β angle with this.
Saidly adopt several modes at random and be meant the adjustment network constant, make said signal receiving device receive only the laser signal of model a certain locus in vibration the time of exposure of control line array photoelectric detector, obtain the method for △ β+δ β with this.
It is said that to adopt several modes continuously be to improve several frequencies of adopting of said receiving trap, make it meet sampling thheorem, control said signal receiving device and carry out full-field scanning and promptly regularly receive model is in the each point position in vibration laser signal, with this discrete continually varying method that records △ β+δ β in the vibration.
Said laser signal disposal route also comprises by technology such as digital filtering, ordering, data screenings, accurately obtains the method for △ β+δ β angle continually varying mean value.
The principal feature of method of the present invention is that one is with physical plane-how much planes of symmetry of the laser covering of the fan substitution model longitudinal axis, they are two years old, substitute the value of actual yaw angle β with the value of measuring approximate yaw angle θ, its three, can directly, in real time, accurately obtain the β value.Its four, can eliminate shoe system resilience distortion and the caused translational component of gap displacement voluntarily, only measure the amount of deflection of β angular direction.Its five, under the condition of the big strong random vibration of the angle of attack, can record the instantaneous value of β with three kinds of data acquisition modes (comprise center of percussion, at random and continuously).It six is accurately to survey the β angle in polarizers of big angle scope, and its scope is under the condition of-10 °≤α≤+ 100 ° ,-45 °≤β≤+ 45 °; Its uncertainty less than 2 '.
The present invention proposes a kind of direct, real-time measurement system of angle of side slip of wind tunnel of realizing said method.By △ β angle measuring system and β
oAngle-measuring equipment is formed, and said △ β angle measuring system is by being installed in the laser eyepiece generator that the laser covering of the fan can take place in the model body; Be installed on the said composite machine device signal receiving device of tracking aircraft model sport automatically; With the servomechanism installation of motion tracking laser intersection, and compositions such as signals collecting and data processing equipment; Said β
oMeasurement mechanism is by being positioned under the model shoe device, and with the model △ β angle measuring system rotating bracket of rotation synchronously; The servomotor that is fixed on this physical construction is the rotating bracket motor; The angular transducer and the data processing equipment thereof that are installed on this wheelwork are formed.
System of the present invention can be in wind tunnel test carry out directly, measure in real time yaw angle, under the condition of big angle of attack scope-10 °≤α≤+ 100 °, can accurately measure in ° variation range of-45 °≤β≤+ 45.Measurement Uncertainty≤2 ', satisfied the measurement requirement of wind tunnel test to yaw angle.
Brief Description Of Drawings:
Fig. 1 wind tunnel test shoe apparatus structure synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 β angle direct real-time measurement system embodiment overall installation synoptic diagram
Fig. 3 semiconductor laser target generator structural representation
Fig. 4 signal acquisition process subsystem schematic block diagram
Fig. 5 ccd signal and data processing circuit schematic block diagram
Fig. 6 CCD adopts the control and the change-over circuit schematic block diagram of several modes
Fig. 7 CCD compliant platform closed-loop control schematic block diagram
The combined treatment schematic block diagram that angle measurement of Fig. 8 photoelectric code disk and △ β+δ β measures
The method of the invention is used for a kind of most preferred embodiment of implement device of wind tunnel test shoe structure shown in Fig. 2～6, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing its structure and principle of work is described in detail respectively.
Fig. 2 is the overall installation synoptic diagram of present embodiment.
This system is by △ β angle measuring system and β
oMeasurement mechanism constitutes.△ β angle measuring system is mainly examined shake accelerometer (207), assembly (208), CCD compliant platform (201), CCD camera (202), CCD controller (203), mainframe box (204), semiconductor laser power supply (106) etc. by semiconductor laser target generator (100) and is formed; β
oMeasurement mechanism mainly is made up of △ β angle measuring system rotating bracket (9) (existing by the replacement of mechanical balance lathe bed), rotating bracket motor (existing by mechanical balance motor (11) replacement), photoelectric code disk (301), decoding counter (302), principal computer (400) etc.Wherein two CCD cameras (202) and CCD controller (203) separately thereof constitute double passage differential formula ccd video camera; Examine the various circuit in shake accelerometer (207), CCD controller (203), the mainframe box (204), photoelectric code disk (301), decoding counter (302), principal computer (400) etc. constitute the signal acquisition process subsystem.
Semiconductor laser target generator (100) is installed in tested model (8) body, through assembly (208) and model rigid attachment, and the laser covering of the fan (101) of its generation is overlapped with the plane of symmetry through the model longitudinal axis.The structure of said semiconductor laser target generator as shown in Figure 3.Formed by semiconductor laser power supply (106), semiconductor laser (105), collimation lens set (104), cylindrical lens (103), recessed post mirror parts such as (102), each parts is coaxial successively install and fix in aggregates.And be installed in the interior assembly of dummy vehicle, to guarantee that the laser covering of the fan overlaps with the dummy vehicle plane of symmetry, its course of work is as follows: semiconductor laser (105) produces beam of laser by semiconductor laser power supply (106) power supply, this laser beam becomes a branch of very thin directional light after being arranged on the one group of collimation lens (104) before the laser instrument, passing through cylindrical lens (103) again becomes central angle to be about 30 ° laser covering of the fan along the radial diffusion of cylindrical lens this laser, again behind recessed cylindrical mirror (102), the central angle of this laser covering of the fan is enlarged 4 times, form central angle and be about 120 ° laser covering of the fan (101).Because laser beam is when the cylindrical mirror, along the indiffusion of cylindrical mirror generatrix direction, so the thickness of laser covering of the fan still (is about 1～2mm) identical with the spot diameter of parallel beam.This laser covering of the fan and hole body surface level intersect the laser intersection (107) of formation as the measuring basis line.
Two cameras of double passage differential formula ccd video camera are installed in parallel on the CCD compliant platform (201) at a distance of certain intervals.This compliant platform is installed on the mechanical balance lathe bed (9) that sways synchronously with dummy vehicle, makes the mechanical rotation (synchronous error less than 3 ') of the accurate trace model of CCD camera.Said CCD compliant platform is equipped with the step motor (205) that is driven by driving power (206), pass through closed-loop control system, make it to drive of the tangential direction translation of CCD camera, exceed CCD from motion tracking laser intersection and resemble moving of quick regional boundary limit along said mechanical rotation; And guarantee that from two above-mentioned aspects CCD picture head (10 °≤α≤100 ° ,-45 °≤β≤45 °) in measurement range all can receive the light signal at laser intersection place.On the lower rotary table (2) above two cameras, have two laser lens windows (14), laser is passed through, received by camera.Its principle of work is as follows: the laser covering of the fan incides on two CCD cameras through the laser-transmitting window on dummy vehicle laser-transmitting fenestra (13) and the lower rotary table, intersect formation laser intersection point with light-sensitive array, the light intensity of intersection point converts the electric weight that linear relationship is arranged with light intensity to through CCD as photosensitive elements, this electric weight shifts out through the driving pulse order, thereby the space distribution of light is converted to the timing distribution of electricity.Produce change in displacement because the laser covering of the fan is the change with the locus of tested model, thereby laser covering of the fan and the deflection state of surface level intersection on the θ angular direction have promptly been represented the spatial variations state of yaw angle; Because two CCD cameras keep synchronously with the mechanical rotation of model on the yaw angle direction, so the change in location that resembles the laser intersection point on the quick interval in the CCD camera only reflects the change of model because of elastic deformation and gap displacement and the caused yaw angle of vibration variation.Because distortion of the elastic gap of model and vibration change the rotational displacement that not only causes the β angle, but also can cause the translation displacement, in actual tests, the translation displacement is also more much bigger than angle displacement amount, for accurately recording the rotational displacement of β angle, present embodiment adopts the displacement of detection laser intersection simultaneously of two CCD cameras, the pixel addresses that is detected is subtracted each other, and promptly the double passage differential mode is eliminated the translation displacement, obtain the poor of rotation displacement, try to achieve △ β+δ β with this.The different input modes of the exposed pulse that the CCD controller provides according to the signal acquisition process subsystem are directly controlled the time shutter of CCD camera to laser signal, the decision ccd video camera adopt several working methods.For example, during the △ β of measurement model vibration balancing (center of percussion) position, only need when model is positioned at the vibration balancing position, to send the CCD exposed pulse, make CCD capture the displacement of laser intersection point this moment; If the △ β+δ β of any instantaneous position of measuring vibrations only needs regularly to send exposed pulse at regular intervals, make the CCD timesharing capture the displacement of the laser intersection point at different vibration positions place; Dwindle the fixed time interval of exposed pulse, then can obtain the displacement of the laser intersection point of one group of intensive discrete vibration transient position, thus the continuous variation of measuring △ β value in the model vibration.
Said photoelectric code disk be installed in the lathe bed rigid attachment and with last lower rotary table synchronously on motor (11) axle of the mechanical balance rotary machine (10) of rotation.Coding that sends along with the rotation of mechanical balance wheelwork and count pulse are deciphered and are counted by the decoding counter that links with photoelectric code disk, and the principal computer of sending into again in the signal acquisition process subsystem carries out computing.
Said signal acquisition process subsystem adopts the control of several modes by ccd signal and data processing unit, CCD and the combined treatment unit of converting unit, CCD compliant platform closed-loop control unit and photoelectric code disk angle measurement and △ β+δ β angular measurement is formed, as shown in Figure 4.
1.CCD signal and data processing unit, as shown in Figure 5.
This unit is by CCD controller, ccd data interface (push-up storage) and be contained in formations such as data buffer, 8085 single card microcomputers and principal computer in the mainframe box.Its course of work is as follows:
The CCD camera becomes electric signal with light signal, and video processing part becomes electric timing waveform with the space distribution of light in the CCD controller, and the binaryzation shaping becomes vision signal the square wave of Transistor-Transistor Logic level again.The corresponding pixel addresses in this signal edge before and after the digital processes branch provides, deposit push-up storage in, and send DSR (being DR) signal to 8085 single card microcomputers, 8085CPU receives after the DR signal, to write the data buffer respectively along pixel addresses before and after two CCD, through calculating the mean value n of pixel addresses before and after obtaining.The mean value n of the pixel addresses that 8085 CPU detect two CCD simultaneously
1And n
2Subtract each other, eliminate the translation displacement, the difference of trying to achieve rotation displacement is △ z=(n
1-n
2) * 0.013 μ m; Again according to the spacing distance L of two CCD, by θ=arctg[△ z/L] calculate the θ angle.
2.CCD adopt the control and the converting unit of several modes, as shown in Figure 6.
This unit is made up of inspection vibration sensor and signal processing circuit, and said inspection vibration sensor can adopt the inspection accelerometer that shakes, and this inspection accelerometer that shakes is installed in the assembly, with the sensitive axes and the laser covering of the fan quadrature of assurance accelerometer.Said signal processing circuit comprises, the filtering in acceleration signal prime amplifier, the mainframe box, AGC, phase shift, integration, zero-detection, phase compensation, adopts several mode automatic switch-over circuits and self check pulse producer etc.Its course of work is as follows:
The used CCD of native system adopts number and is divided into three kinds of modes, i.e. center of percussion, at random and continuous acquisition.Adopting several modes for these three kinds can automatically switch according to the control signal that vibrational state produces.Wherein, center of percussion and adopt number at random with examining the signal controlling of shaking.
Detect along the acceleration signal of laser covering of the fan normal direction by the inspection accelerometer that shakes.This signal becomes strong signal through impedance conversion, amplitude amplifying circuit with weak signal, long-distance transmissions is given filtering circuit in the mainframe box and AGC, phase-shift circuit, the very big acceleration signal of frequency band broad amplitude variation range is become frequency band be worth the less acceleration signal of variation range more in a narrow margin, this signal converts displacement signal to through double integrating circuit, and provide the pulse at zero point through zero-detection circuit, adopt several original signals as the CCD center of percussion.
Because the distortion of the phase-frequency characteristic of testing circuit and the characteristic of the width of cloth mutually of agc circuit needs phase compensation is carried out in the pulse at zero point.The pulse at zero point is proofreaied and correct through amplitude phase-shift compensation and frequency phase-shift compensation circuit, providing the exposed pulse that relative actual vibration signal differs very little is the center of percussion exposed pulse, make CCD capture the laser intersection and be positioned at the deflection state of center of percussion position, reach center of percussion and adopt several purposes thereby measure △ β angle; If change the phase shift constant for the pulse at zero point, then can measure the △ β+δ β angle of vibration any position, reach the vibration spatial location and select measurement promptly to adopt several purposes at random.
Continuous acquisition is regularly provided by the self check pulse producer and adopts several exposed pulses, measures the △ β+δ β angle of transient position in the vibration processes.Improve and adopt several frequencies, make it meet sampling thheorem, the continuous variation that records △ β in the vibration+δ β angle that then can disperse reaches and adopts several purposes continuously.
Because the motion of dummy vehicle is a random variation in the blowing test, sometimes be to shake by force, sometimes shake a little less than being, accurate stationary state (amplitude is less than 0.01g) appears sometimes, system is provided with and adopts several mode automatic switch-over circuits for this reason, make CCD when dummy vehicle is in vibrational state, press center of percussion (or at random) mode image data; When being in accurate stationary state, press the continuation mode image data.
3.CCD compliant platform closed-loop control unit, as shown in Figure 7.
This unit comprises that mainly servomechanism installation and compliant platform that 8085 CPU, D/A converter, operational amplifier, voltage controlled oscillator, step motor and driving power thereof etc. are formed constitute.Its course of work is as follows:
Because the dummy vehicle that various distortion caused of shoe system can make the laser intersection exceed the CCD field range along the translation of Z-direction and the rotation of β angular direction.Two CCD are erected on the compliant platform, when CCD detects the laser intersection point when having exceeded the artificial bound of determining, 8085 CPU then exceed according to the data judgement of CCD output, and send action command and speed data automatically, these data convert analog quantity to through D/A, amplify through operational amplifier, and make voltage controlled oscillator send the certain square wave of frequency by accurate linear relationship, the control motor power drives step motor and presses the operation of certain speed drive compliant platform, makes CCD from line trace laser intersection.To guarantee that CCD resembles quick district and do not break away from the laser intersection.
4. the combined treatment unit measured of photoelectric code disk angle measurement and △ β+δ β, as shown in Figure 8.
This unit is mainly by the photoelectric code disk on mechanical balance motor (11) axle, compositions such as decoding counter and principal computer.Its course of work is as follows:
△ β angle measuring system is installed on the mechanical balance lathe bed (being to replace △ β angle measuring system rotating bracket with the mechanical balance lathe bed at present), under mechanical balance wheelwork and the synchronous rotating conditions of last lower rotary table, the variable quantity of measuring the relative mechanical balance of model is △ β or △ β+δ β, and delivers to principal computer by 8085 single card microcomputers;
Meanwhile, the coding and the count pulse that send along with the rotation of mechanical balance wheelwork according to the photoelectric code disk that is installed on the mechanical balance motor shaft, by decoding counter decoding, counting, these data are sent into principal computer is calculated the β angle by the reduction gear ratio equivalent mechanical rotation amount β through the data buffer
o;
On the basis of the above, principal computer is pressed β=β
oThe computing formula of+△ β+δ β is calculated the β angle, thereby realizes the wide-angle β at β angle
oOrganic assembling with low-angle △ β+δ β directly measures in real time makes it can accurately measure the β angle in polarizers of big angle scope.
The explanation of direct real-time measurement system installation site, present embodiment β angle:
Semiconductor laser target generator (100): be installed in the assembly, rigid attachment, its laser covering of the fan must overlap with the plane of symmetry by the assembly longitudinal axis.
Semiconductor laser power supply (106): can be installed on the △ β angle measuring system rotating bracket or other supporter of ground on.
Dummy vehicle laser-transmitting fenestra (13): offer in the model outer surface that the semiconductor laser target generator is installed, make the laser covering of the fan through this hole transmission and unobstructed.
Laser covering of the fan (101): the laser covering of the fan must overlap in the dummy vehicle plane of symmetry.
Lower rotary table laser-transmitting window (14): this hole is opened on the lower rotary table of CCD camera top, and concrete location dimension and shape size are moved towards decision by the light path that laser is incident to the CCD camera.
The laser intersection: the width of laser intersection should be less than 2mm, and length is decided by the variation range at α angle, to guarantee that this intersection is covered in the CCD field range all the time in the variation range at α angle.
CCD compliant platform (201): be installed in (existing) on the △ β angle measuring system rotating bracket by the replacement of mechanical balance lathe bed.The longitudinal axis of this platform should be parallel in the rotation tangent line of carriage.
CCD camera (202): be installed on the CCD compliant platform, angle be installed obtained maximum photosignal output with assurance by the decision of laser incident angle.Two parallel, alignment placements of line array CCD, and parallel with the compliant platform longitudinal axis.
CCD controller (203): be installed on the rotating bracket, the distance of itself and CCD camera is determined by the video signal transmission characteristic.
Mainframe box (204): can be installed on the rotating bracket, also can surface-based support on.
Examine the acceleration that shakes and take into account prime amplifier: rigid attachment is installed in the assembly.The sensitive axes of accelerometer should be vertical with the longitudinal axis plane of symmetry of assembly.
Assembly (208): be installed in the front portion of dummy vehicle, rigid attachment, the plane of symmetry of assembly self must overlap with the model plane of symmetry.
△ β angle measuring system rotating bracket (9) (existing by the replacement of mechanical balance lathe bed): being installed in the lower rotary table below is beyond the wind-tunnel, and can rotate synchronously with model and last lower rotary table.
Photoelectric code disk (301): be installed on the rotation axis of rotating bracket motor (existing) by the replacement of mechanical balance motor.
Decoding counter (302): be installed in the synchro control rack.
Principal computer (400): be installed in the pulpit.
Claims (15)
1, a kind of method of directly measuring yaw angle β in real time comprises:
(1) target generator that can produce a physical plane places in the tested model body, adjusts said physical plane and overlaps with this model geometric plane of symmetry, makes it the method for the representative model plane of symmetry;
(2) signal receiving device is positioned over the intersection place of said physical plane and surface level, from motion tracking with detect the method for the spatiality change in location of said intersection;
(3) said signal is carried out data acquisition (number adopted in abbreviation) and signal Processing, obtain the method for yaw angle △ β+δ β component value;
(4) adopt angular transducer to measure the mechanical rotation component β of yaw angle
o, press β=β again
o+ △ β+relation of δ β is obtained the combination measurement method at β angle.
2, the method for measurement yaw angle β as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that said target generator adopts the laser eyepiece generator that can produce a laser covering of the fan, the intersection of laser covering of the fan and surface level is called the laser intersection, and said signal receiving device is the laser signal receiving trap.
3, as the method for the said measurement yaw angle of claim 2 β, it is characterized in that said laser signal receiving trap is to adopt double passage differential formula linear array photoelectric detector, two detecting devices are installed in abreast not only and can sway but also can be simultaneously along on the composite machine device that rotates tangential translation the motion of tracking aircraft model automatically synchronously with model with a determining deviation; Binary channels linear array photoelectric detector is the displacement of detection laser intersection simultaneously, eliminates the translation displacement by Difference Calculation, obtains the poor of rotation displacement, tries to achieve β angle real-time deformation component and oscillating component △ β+δ β.
4, as the method for the said measurement yaw angle of claim 2 β, it is characterized in that said laser signal being adopted number and method for processing signals comprises two parts: the first is adopted and several promptly the laser intersection is exposed, it two is that signal Processing is about to light signal and is converted to electric signal, again through the binaryzation shaping, become digital quantity, said two-way is detected data to be subtracted each other, eliminate the translation displacement, obtain the difference △ z of rotation displacement, the deformation component and the oscillating component that change into yaw angle again are the method for △ β+δ β.
5, as the method for the said measurement yaw angle of claim 4 β, it is characterized in that the said number of adopting comprises three kinds of modes, promptly center of percussion is adopted and is counted, adopts at random number and adopt number continuously.These three kinds of modes are set in advance according to different measurement requirement, and can automatically switch according to the control signal that vibrational state produces.For example adopt number and center of percussion continuously and adopt several switchings, or adopt number continuously and adopt several switchings at random.
It is to utilize the inspection of measuring in laser covering of the fan normal direction shake signal and signal processing circuit that said center of percussion is adopted several modes, makes said signal receiving device receive only the laser signal of model when being in the center of percussion position in vibration, obtains the method at △ β angle with this.
Saidly adopt several modes at random and be meant the adjustment network constant, make said signal receiving device receive only the laser signal of model a certain locus in vibration the time of exposure of control line array photoelectric detector, obtain the method for △ β+δ β with this.
It is said that to adopt several modes continuously be to improve several frequencies of adopting of said receiving trap, make it meet sampling thheorem, control said signal receiving device and carry out full-field scanning and promptly regularly receive model is in the each point position in vibration laser signal, with this discrete continually varying method that records △ β+δ β in the vibration.
6,, it is characterized in that said laser signal disposal route also comprises by technology such as digital filtering, ordering, data screenings, accurately obtains the method for △ β angle continually varying mean value as the method for claim 2,3 or 4 said measurement yaw angle β.
7, a kind of direct, real-time measurement system of angle of side slip of wind tunnel of realizing the described method of claim 2 is by △ β angle measuring system and β
OMeasurement mechanism is formed, and said △ β angle measuring system is by being installed in the laser eyepiece generator that the laser covering of the fan can take place in the model body, is installed on the said composite machine device signal receiving device of tracking aircraft model sport automatically; With the servomechanism installation of motion tracking laser intersection, and compositions such as signals collecting and data processing equipment, said β
OMeasurement mechanism is by being positioned under the model shoe device, and with the model △ β angle measuring system rotating bracket of rotation synchronously; The servomotor that is fixed on this physical construction is the rotating bracket motor; The angular transducer and the data processing equipment thereof that are installed on this wheelwork are formed.
8,, real-time measurement system direct as the said angle of side slip of wind tunnel of claim 7, it is characterized in that said laser eyepiece generator is made up of parts such as semiconductor laser power supply, semiconductor laser, collimation lens set, cylindrical lens, recessed post mirrors, each parts is coaxial successively install and fix in aggregates.And be installed in the interior assembly of dummy vehicle, overlap with the dummy vehicle plane of symmetry to guarantee the laser covering of the fan.
9,, real-time measurement system direct as claim 7 or 8 said angle of side slip of wind tunnel, two cameras that it is characterized in that said double passage differential formula ccd video camera are installed in parallel on the CCD compliant platform at a distance of certain intervals.This compliant platform is installed on the mechanical balance lathe bed that sways synchronously with dummy vehicle, make the mechanical rotation (synchronous error less than 3 ') of the accurate trace model of CCD camera, said CCD compliant platform is equipped with the step motor that is driven by driving power, pass through closed-loop control system, make it to drive of the tangential direction translation of CCD camera along said mechanical rotation, exceed CCD from motion tracking laser intersection and resemble moving of quick regional boundary limit, thereby guarantee the measurement range of this system, on the lower rotary table above two cameras, have two transmission windows, laser is passed through, received by camera.
10, direct, the real-time measurement system of angle of side slip of wind tunnel as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that said photoelectric code disk be installed in the lathe bed rigid attachment and with last lower rotary table synchronously on the motor shaft of the mechanical balance rotating mechanism of rotation, the coding and the count pulse that send along with the rotation of mechanical balance wheelwork, deciphered and counted by the decoding counter that links with photoelectric code disk, the principal computer of sending into again in the signal acquisition process subsystem carries out computing.
11, direct, the real-time measurement system of angle of side slip of wind tunnel as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that said signal acquisition process subsystem is adopted the control of several modes by ccd signal and data processing unit, CCD and the combined treatment unit of converting unit, CCD compliant platform closed-loop control unit and photoelectric code disk angle measurement and △ β+δ β angular measurement is formed, as shown in Figure 4.
12, angle of side slip of wind tunnel as claimed in claim 11 directly, real-time measurement system, it is characterized in that said ccd signal and data processing unit are by CCD controller, ccd data interface (push-up storage) and are contained in formations such as data buffer, 8085 single card microcomputers and principal computer in the mainframe box.
13, angle of side slip of wind tunnel as claimed in claim 11 is direct, real-time measurement system, it is characterized in that said CCD adopts the control and the converting unit of several modes, formed by inspection vibration sensor and signal processing circuit, said inspection vibration sensor adopts examines the accelerometer that shakes, this inspection accelerometer that shakes is installed in the assembly, to guarantee the sensitive axes and the laser covering of the fan quadrature of accelerometer, said signal processing circuit comprises the acceleration signal prime amplifier, filtering in the mainframe box, AGC, phase shift, integration, zero-detection, phase compensation, adopt compositions such as several mode automatic switch-over circuits and self check pulse producer.
14, direct, the real-time measurement system of angle of side slip of wind tunnel as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that servomechanism installation and compliant platform that said CCD compliant platform closed-loop control unit is made up of 8085 CPU D/A converters, operational amplifier, voltage controlled oscillator, step motor and drive source thereof constitute.
15, direct, the real-time measurement system of angle of side slip of wind tunnel as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that the combined treatment unit of said photoelectric code disk angle measurement and △ β+δ β angular measurement is made up of the photoelectric code disk on the mechanical balance motor reel, decoding counter and principal computer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91105246 CN1022778C (en) | 1991-08-03 | 1991-08-03 | Direct real-time measuring method for angle of side slip of wind tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91105246 CN1022778C (en) | 1991-08-03 | 1991-08-03 | Direct real-time measuring method for angle of side slip of wind tunnel |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1057523A true CN1057523A (en) | 1992-01-01 |
| CN1022778C CN1022778C (en) | 1993-11-17 |
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| CN 91105246 Expired - Fee Related CN1022778C (en) | 1991-08-03 | 1991-08-03 | Direct real-time measuring method for angle of side slip of wind tunnel |
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| CN101832852B (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2011-11-16 | 西北工业大学 | High-precision balance for measuring resistance of water tunnel |
| CN102539107A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2012-07-04 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Method for accurately synchronizing test signals of wind tunnel |
| CN104122066A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-10-29 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Synchronous measurement method of three-dimensional real-time attitude angle of low-speed wind tunnel test model |
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| CN105136422A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-09 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Method for correcting sideslip elastic angle of aircraft model in wind tunnel test |
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- 1991-08-03 CN CN 91105246 patent/CN1022778C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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