CN105749150A - 一种鳕鱼肠炎病的防治方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种鳕鱼肠炎病的防治方法，包括（1）病原处理：药汤的组成、制备及使用；（2）防治药物的制作和使用。本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：从鳕鱼肠炎病患病原因入手，对鳕鱼所摄入冻鱼肉进行处理，不仅能够有效降低或消除冻鱼肉中细菌的含量，还能强化鳕鱼的抗病能力和肠胃功能，当发现患病鳕鱼后，对其积极治疗，能够使鳕鱼避免由肠炎症引起的死亡，提高了鳕鱼养殖成活率，增强了鳕鱼的肠胃和肝脏功能，提高了鳕鱼的营养。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种鳕鱼肠炎病的防治方法。
背景技术
鳕鱼肉质白细鲜嫩，清口不腻，是全世界年捕捞量最大的鱼类之一，具有重要的食用和经济价值，在鳕鱼长至10cm后，需要投喂一定量的冻鱼肉，从而使其快速生长，但是由于冻鱼肉长期储存和运输，不可避免的会携带细菌，鳕鱼长期摄食后可能会患肠炎病，导致鱼体色发黑，身体瘦弱，不摄食，最后由于肠道内没有食物而逐渐消瘦致死，纠其主要原因，在鳕鱼体内存在大量杆状菌，影响了鳕鱼的肠胃和肝脏功能，导致鳕鱼成活率偏低，为了提高人工养殖鳕鱼的成活率，需要一种专门针对鳕鱼肠炎病的防治方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有鳕鱼在饲养过程中容易患肠炎病的问题，提供了一种鳕鱼肠炎病的防治方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种鳕鱼肠炎病的防治方法，包括（1）病原处理、（2）防治药物的制作和使用，具体内容如下：
（1）在鳕鱼养殖过程中，所饲喂的冻鱼肉采用药汤进行浸泡处理，药汤由以下重量份的原料制成：麦饭石50份，黄岑8份，马齿苋8份，槟榔6份，苦楝根4份，南瓜籽2份，花椒杆6份，茶渣10份；
药汤的制备方法为：将麦饭石和水按1:5的重量比混合，加热至20℃后，依次加入剩余原料，煮沸后换小火继续煎煮20-30分钟，完成后滤去药渣，冷却至常温即可使用；
浸泡方法：将所需饲喂的冻鱼肉用药汤浸泡40-60分钟，沥干后直接投喂即可；
（2）防治药物由以下重量份的原料制成：黄岑8-10份，大黄6-8份，花椒杆10-12份，使君子3-5份，木香2-6份，芍药2-5份，苏叶3-5份，川穹2-4份，泽泻4-8份，白术2-5份，九里香7-10份，土荆皮6-8份，大青叶6-8份，姜黄2-6份，大腹皮8-10份；
防治药物的制作方法为：将各药物粉碎后按配比混合，用水浸泡20分钟，沥干水分，用烘箱烘干，然后与相当于其重量3-4倍的水同煮，煮沸后继续煎煮20-40分钟，滤去煎液，重复三次，将滤液混合，冷却后干燥制粉，备用即可；
防治药物的使用方法为：
a.预防：在每次换水后，将上述所得粉状药物稀释1500-2000倍后，均匀撒入养殖池中，用量为10-15ml/m3；
b.初期治疗：刚发现鱼体有患病症状时，在饲料中添加相当于其总重1-3%的500-800倍粉状药物稀释液，如果3天内症状好转即可停止使用；
c．双重治疗：将已进行初步治疗且未见疗效的患病的鳕鱼取出，在暂养池中加入粉状物1500-2000倍稀释液，用量为25ml/m3，并在饲料中添加相当其质量5%的500-800倍粉状药物稀释液。
其中，所述患病症状为：体色发黑，身体瘦弱，活动缓慢，口腔内有时充血，不摄食。
本发明中所述药物称重时为干重。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：从鳕鱼肠炎病患病原因入手，对鳕鱼所摄入冻鱼肉进行处理，不仅能够有效降低或消除冻鱼肉中细菌的含量，还能强化鳕鱼的抗病能力和肠胃功能，当发现患病鳕鱼后，对其积极治疗，能够使鳕鱼避免由肠炎症引起的死亡，提高了鳕鱼养殖成活率，增强了鳕鱼的肠胃和肝脏功能，提高了鳕鱼的营养。
具体实施方式
选取三块面积均为5亩、养殖管理相同的水池分别对鳕鱼进行饲养，分别为实施例1、实施例2和对照组，对肠炎症的管理方法如下：
实施例1
一种鳕鱼肠炎病的防治方法，包括（1）病原处理、（2）防治药物的制作和使用，具体内容如下：
（1）在鳕鱼养殖过程中，所饲喂的冻鱼肉采用药汤进行浸泡处理，药汤由以下重量份的原料制成：麦饭石50份，黄岑8份，马齿苋8份，槟榔6份，苦楝根4份，南瓜籽2份，花椒杆6份，茶渣10份；
药汤的制备方法为：将麦饭石和水按1:5的重量比混合，加热至20℃后，依次加入剩余原料，煮沸后换小火继续煎煮20-30分钟，完成后滤去药渣，冷却至常温即可使用；
浸泡方法：将所需饲喂的冻鱼肉用药汤浸泡40-60分钟，沥干后直接投喂即可；
（2）防治药物由以下重量份的原料制成：黄岑8-10份，大黄6-8份，花椒杆10-12份，使君子3-5份，木香2-6份，芍药2-5份，苏叶3-5份，川穹2-4份，泽泻4-8份，白术2-5份，九里香7-10份，土荆皮6-8份，大青叶6-8份，姜黄2-6份，大腹皮8-10份；
防治药物的制作方法为：将各药物粉碎后按配比混合，用水浸泡20分钟，沥干水分，用烘箱烘干，然后与相当于其重量3-4倍的水同煮，煮沸后继续煎煮20-40分钟，滤去煎液，重复三次，将滤液混合，冷却后干燥制粉，备用即可；
防治药物的使用方法为：
a.预防：在每次换水后，将上述所得粉状药物稀释1500-2000倍后，均匀撒入养殖池中，用量为10-15ml/m3；
b.初期治疗：刚发现鱼体有患病症状时，在饲料中添加相当于其总重1-3%的500-800倍粉状药物稀释液，如果3天内症状好转即可停止使用；
c．双重治疗：将已进行初步治疗且未见疗效的患病的鳕鱼取出，在暂养池中加入粉状物1500-2000倍稀释液，用量为25ml/m3，并在饲料中添加相当其质量5%的500-800倍粉状药物稀释液。
实施例2
防治药物由以下重量份的原料制成：黄岑8-10份，大黄6-8份，花椒杆10-12份，使君子3-5份，木香2-6份，芍药2-5份，苏叶3-5份，川穹2-4份，泽泻4-8份，白术2-5份，九里香7-10份，土荆皮6-8份，大青叶6-8份，姜黄2-6份，大腹皮8-10份；
其他养殖条件及管理标准均与实施例1相同。
对照组对鳕鱼肠炎症的管理方法为：当发现肠炎症的患鱼时，在适宜的温度下，采用土霉素对其进行浸浴，每天的浸浴时间为2小时。
统计肠炎症的患病率、治愈率以及鳕鱼的成活率，得出以下表格：
| 项目 | 患病率（%） | 治愈率（%） | 治愈时间（天） | 鳕鱼成活率（%） |
| 实施例1 | 6.7 | 98.2 | 5-7 | 76.4 |
| 实施例2 | 5.8 | 95.4 | 5-7 | 79.2 |
| 对照组 | 13.2 | 68.4 | 10-12 | 58.6 |
表1
通过表1中数据可知，由本发明中方法对鳕鱼肠炎症进行防治，起到了较为明显的效果，大大提高了鳕鱼成活率，经济效益明显。
Claims (2)
1.一种鳕鱼肠炎病的防治方法，其特征在于，包括（1）病原处理、（2）防治药物的制作和使用，具体内容如下：
（1）在鳕鱼养殖过程中，所饲喂的冻鱼肉采用药汤进行浸泡处理，药汤由以下重量份的原料制成：麦饭石50份，黄岑8份，马齿苋8份，槟榔6份，苦楝根4份，南瓜籽2份，花椒杆6份，茶渣10份；
药汤的制备方法为：将麦饭石和水按1:5的重量比混合，加热至20℃后，依次加入剩余原料，煮沸后换小火继续煎煮20-30分钟，完成后滤去药渣，冷却至常温即可使用；
浸泡方法：将所需饲喂的冻鱼肉用药汤浸泡40-60分钟，沥干后直接投喂即可；
（2）防治药物由以下重量份的原料制成：黄岑8-10份，大黄6-8份，花椒杆10-12份，使君子3-5份，木香2-6份，芍药2-5份，苏叶3-5份，川穹2-4份，泽泻4-8份，白术2-5份，九里香7-10份，土荆皮6-8份，大青叶6-8份，姜黄2-6份，大腹皮8-10份；
防治药物的制作方法为：将各药物粉碎后按配比混合，用水浸泡20分钟，沥干水分，用烘箱烘干，然后与相当于其重量3-4倍的水同煮，煮沸后继续煎煮20-40分钟，滤去煎液，重复三次，将滤液混合，冷却后干燥制粉，备用即可；
防治药物的使用方法为：
a.预防：在每次换水后，将上述所得粉状药物稀释1500-2000倍后，均匀撒入养殖池中，用量为10-15ml/m3；
b.初期治疗：刚发现鱼体有患病症状时，在饲料中添加相当于其总重1-3%的500-800倍粉状药物稀释液，如果3天内症状好转即可停止使用；
c．双重治疗：将已进行初步治疗且未见疗效的患病的鳕鱼取出，在暂养池中加入粉状物1500-2000倍稀释液，用量为25ml/m3，并在饲料中添加相当其质量5%的500-800倍粉状药物稀释液。
2.如权利要求1所述一种鳕鱼肠炎病的防治方法，其特征在于，所述患病症状为：体色发黑，身体瘦弱，活动缓慢，口腔内有时充血，不摄食。
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