CN105742704A - High-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentene dinitrile and lithium-ion battery employing electrolyte - Google Patents
High-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentene dinitrile and lithium-ion battery employing electrolyte Download PDFInfo
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- CN105742704A CN105742704A CN201610155992.4A CN201610155992A CN105742704A CN 105742704 A CN105742704 A CN 105742704A CN 201610155992 A CN201610155992 A CN 201610155992A CN 105742704 A CN105742704 A CN 105742704A
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- cyclopentenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentene dinitrile and a lithium-ion battery employing the electrolyte. The high-voltage electrolyte is characterized by comprising an electrolyte lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and an additive, wherein the additive comprises fluoroethylene carbonate and a cyclopentene dinitrile compound; a nitrile functional group -CN in the cyclopentene dinitrile compound and transition metal ions in a positive active material can generate complexation; catalytic decomposition of the electrolyte is reduced; dissolution of the metal ions is inhibited; and the crystal structure of the high-voltage positive active material is stabilized, so that the cycle performance and the high-temperature performance of the high-voltage battery are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion battery, be specifically related to a kind of high-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile and use the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte.
Background technology
Along with the enhancing day by day of people's environmental consciousness, the use of the traditional galvanic battery such as lead-acid battery and Ni-MH battery is increasingly subject to limit.The advantages such as lithium ion battery has that voltage is high, specific energy big, environmental protection and memory-less effect, are widely used in the fields such as number, military project, energy storage and power.Developing to miniaturization, multifunction direction to meet Portable mobile electronic device, the energy density of lithium rechargeable battery is required more and more higher by terminal consumer.
At present, in order to improve lithium ion battery energy density, mainly by selecting high power capacity, the both positive and negative polarity active material of high-pressure solid and improving positive electrode active materials charge cutoff current potential.But improve positive electrode active materials charge cutoff current potential and can improve its oxidation activity, the oxidation Decomposition of aggravation electrolyte, cracking battery combination property；When facing the conditions of high temperature such as ambient temperature rising, continuous discharge heating when lithium ion battery, more accelerate active material structure and destroy and a large amount of aerogenesis of battery, so set off an explosion, the security incident such as burning.Electrolyte is one of big critical material of lithium ion battery four, being that lithium ion battery obtains long-life, the guarantee of high safety, developing electrode/electrolyte interface compatibility is good, high temperature and the excellent electrolyte of cycle performance are one of keys improving lithium ion battery energy density and security performance.
Research shows, fluorinated ethylene carbonate FEC has good filming performance and oxidative resistance, adds to and can be effectively improved cycle performance of battery in electrolyte.But FEC easily decomposes under the high temperature conditions, its catabolite HF can destroy positive electrode crystal structure, causes digestion of metallic ion in active material, accelerates electrolyte decomposition aerogenesis and deterioration battery high-temperature storge quality.Not enough for this, the most commonplace method is to add the saturated fat nitriles substance such as succinonitrile, adiponitrile (such as application number CN201110157665) in the electrolytic solution, can suppress the high temperature aerogenesis that fluorinated ethylene carbonate causes to a certain extent.But, saturated fat nitrile can not in electrode surface film forming, mainly by electric field action physical absorption in positive electrode surface with complexation of metal ions, adsorption is more weak, fails active adsorption part and easily embeds negative pole, destroys graphite laminate structure.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of background above technology and existence, it is provided that a kind of high-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile and use the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte, to improve high-voltage battery cycle performance and high-temperature behavior.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of high-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile, is made up of electrolyte lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent and additive, and described additive comprises fluorinated ethylene carbonate and at least one cyclopentenes dinitrile compound as shown in structural formula I, and structural formula I is:
Structural formula I
Wherein m, n are respectively the integer of 0 ~ 3.
Described cyclopentenes dinitrile compound as shown in structural formula I is any one of 3-cyclopentenes-1,1-dimethoxy nitrile, 3-cyclopentenes-1,1-diacetonitrile, 3-cyclopentenes-1,1-two propionitrile or 3-cyclopentenes-1,1-dibutyronitrile.
Described cyclopentenes dinitrile compound mass percent in the electrolytic solution is 0.1% ~ 5.0%.
Described fluorinated ethylene carbonate mass percent in the electrolytic solution is 0.5% ~ 10.0%.
Described electrolyte lithium salt is lithium hexafluoro phosphate, double fluorine sulfimide lithium, the combination of three kinds of compound 1:0 ~ 0.2:0 ~ 0.2 in molar ratio of double trifluoromethanesulfonimide lithium.
Described non-aqueous organic solvent is two or more in ethylene carbonate, Allyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate.
Described additive also include vinylene carbonate, 1, one or more in 3-propane sultone, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, and the mass percent that above-mentioned each additive is in the electrolytic solution is respectively 0.1% ~ 5.0%.
A kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries, including positive pole, negative pole, isolating membrane and the above-described high-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile, the structural formula of the active substance that described positive pole is used is: LiCoxL1-xO2, wherein, L is Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si or Fe, 0 < x≤1, and described lithium ion battery charge cutoff voltage is less than 4.5V more than 4.3V.
It is an advantage of the current invention that:
1, as the fluorinated ethylene carbonate of one of functional additive in the present invention, there is good filming performance, fine and close pliable and tough and low-impedance SEI film can be formed in negative terminal surface；FEC can strengthen electrolyte oxidative resistance and reduce electrolyte surface tension force simultaneously, it is ensured that the interface compatibility that high-voltage anode material is good with electrolyte, and the high-voltage battery of preparation has excellent cycle performance.
2, in the present invention as functional additive two cyclopentenes dinitrile compound, its itrile group functional group-CN, can be with transition metal ions generation complexing in positive electrode active materials, reduce electrolyte catalytic decomposition and suppress digestion of metallic ion, stablize high-voltage anode active material crystal structure, thus improve high-voltage battery cycle performance and high-temperature behavior.
3, compare more conventional saturated fat nitrile, the double bond functional group in cyclopentenes dintrile may at positive electrode surface generation electric polymerization reaction, itrile group functional group by chemisorbed in positive electrode surface, to Co3+Higher Deng complexing of metal ion effect, so more efficient improve high-voltage battery circulation and high-temperature behavior.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by exemplary embodiment, the present invention will be further elaborated；But the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the scope of embodiment, any change without departing from present subject matter or change can be understood by the person skilled in the art, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
1
Electrolyte quota step: in the glove box of full argon, ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate are mixed for EC:DEC:EMC=1:1:1 in mass ratio, then it is slowly added to, to mixed solution, lithium hexafluoro phosphate and the double fluorine sulfimide lithium of 0.1mol/L that concentration is 1.0mol/L, it is eventually adding fluorinated ethylene carbonate based on electrolyte gross weight 3wt%, 0.5wt%3-cyclopentenes-1,1-diacetonitrile, 3wt%1,3-propane sultone, obtains the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of embodiment 1 after stirring.
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes above-mentioned steps prepared injects the 4.40V graphite/LiCoO through being fully dried2In polymer battery, battery carries out 3.0V ~ 4.40V after 45 DEG C are shelved 24h, chemical conversion, fixture high-temperature baking, secondary sealing and conventional partial volume
1C cycle charge discharge electrical testing and 4.40V full electricity 85 DEG C/6H of state store test.
1)
1C cycle charge discharge electrical testing: at 25 DEG C, is charged to 4.40V, cut-off current 0.02C by the battery after chemical conversion by 1C constant current constant voltage, then presses 1C constant-current discharge to 3.0V.The 500th cycle circulation volume conservation rate is calculated after 500 circulations of charge/discharge.Computing formula is as follows:
500th circulation volume conservation rate (%)=(the 500th cyclic discharge capacity/first cyclic discharge capacity) × 100%；
2)
4.40V full electricity 85 DEG C/6H of state stores test: under room temperature, battery is pressed 0.5C discharge and recharge once, and cut-off current 0.02C records initial capacity.Press 0.5C constant current constant voltage again to be full of, test initial battery thickness；Full electricity state battery is placed in the climatic chamber of 85 DEG C of 85% humidity storage 6 hours, tests the hot thickness of battery, calculate hot expansion；Battery normal temperature shelf tests cold thickness, voltage, internal resistance after 6 hours, be discharged to 3.0V by 0.5C, records residual capacity, calculating battery capacity surplus ratio:
The hot expansion rate of battery (%)=(hot thickness-original depth)/original depth × 100%；
Battery capacity surplus ratio (%)=residual capacity/initial capacity × 100%；
Embodiment
2~9
With comparative example
1~4
Embodiment 2 ~ 9 is with comparative example 1 ~ 4, and in addition to each component content of electrolyte is pressed and added shown in table 1, other is the most same as in Example 1.Table 1 is electrolyte each component content table and the battery performance test result of embodiment 1 ~ 9 and comparative example 1 ~ 4:
Table 1:
In above-mentioned table 1, it is as follows that corresponding title write a Chinese character in simplified form in each chemical substance letter:
EC (ethylene carbonate), DEC (diethyl carbonate), EMC (Ethyl methyl carbonate), the double fluorine sulfimide lithium of PP (n propyl propionate), LiFSI(), the double trifluoromethanesulfonimide lithium of LiTFSI(), FEC(fluorinated ethylene carbonate), PS(1,3-propane sultone), DTD (sulfuric acid vinyl ester).
Comparative example 1 ~ 2 understands with various embodiments above contrast: do not contain cyclopentenes dintrile additive in comparative example, battery 1C room temperature circulation the 500th cycle capability retention is down to less than 75%, after 85 DEG C store 6h, cell thickness expands the most serious, capacity surplus ratio is also reduced to 75% and 66% by more than 85%, and cyclopentenes dintrile the most of the present invention has the double grading improving high-voltage battery cycle performance and high-temperature behavior.
Comparative example 1,3 understands with various embodiments above contrast: do not contain fluorinated ethylene carbonate in comparative example, battery 1C room temperature circulation the 500th cycle capability retention is down to less than 70%, cycle performance of battery serious deterioration, i.e. fluorinated ethylene carbonate can be effectively improved cycle performance of battery.
The contrast of comparative example 4 and various embodiments above understands: compared with comparative example 4 uses adiponitrile, use cyclopentenes dintrile additive each embodiment battery 1C room temperature circulation and 85 DEG C store 6h aspect of performances be all obviously improved, cyclopentenes dinitrile compound the most of the present invention than conventional saturated fat nitrile additive in terms of high voltage capability more excellent.
In sum, the present invention, by having fluorinated ethylene carbonate and the synergism of cyclopentenes dintrile of good filming performance, at battery plus-negative plate surface filming, improves electrode/electrolyte interface compatibility, reduce interface side reaction, improve high-voltage battery cycle performance and high-temperature behavior.Compare more conventional saturated fat nitrile, the itrile group functional group in cyclopentenes dintrile by chemisorbed in positive electrode surface, to Co3+Higher Deng complexing of metal ion effect, so more efficient improve high-voltage battery circulation and high-temperature behavior.
The above; being only the present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any those of ordinary skill in the art are in the technical scope that the invention discloses; the change that can readily occur in or replacement, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. the high-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile, it is made up of electrolyte lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent and additive, it is characterized in that, described additive comprises fluorinated ethylene carbonate and at least one cyclopentenes dinitrile compound as shown in structural formula I, and structural formula I is:
Structural formula I
Wherein m, n are respectively the integer of 0 ~ 3.
High-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cyclopentenes dinitrile compound as shown in structural formula I is 3-cyclopentenes-1,1-dimethoxy nitrile, 3-cyclopentenes-1,1-diacetonitrile, 3-cyclopentenes-1,1-bis-propionitrile or 3-cyclopentenes-1, any one of 1-dibutyronitrile.
High-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described cyclopentenes dinitrile compound mass percent in the electrolytic solution is 0.1% ~ 5.0%.
High-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described fluorinated ethylene carbonate mass percent in the electrolytic solution is 0.5% ~ 10.0%.
5. according to the high-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electrolyte lithium salt is lithium hexafluoro phosphate, double fluorine sulfimide lithium, the combination of three kinds of compound 1:0 ~ 0.2:0 ~ 0.2 in molar ratio of double trifluoromethanesulfonimide lithium.
6. according to the high-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described non-aqueous organic solvent is two or more in ethylene carbonate, Allyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate.
7. according to the high-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile described in claim 1, described additive also include vinylene carbonate, 1, one or more in 3-propane sultone, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, and the mass percent that above-mentioned each additive is in the electrolytic solution is respectively 0.1% ~ 5.0%.
8. a high-voltage lithium ion batteries, including positive pole, negative pole, isolating membrane and the high-voltage electrolyte containing cyclopentenes dintrile described in claim 1 to 7 any one.
High-voltage lithium ion batteries the most according to claim 8, the active material configuration formula that described positive pole is used is: LiCoxL1-xO2, wherein, L is Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si or Fe, 0 < x≤1, and described lithium ion battery charge cutoff voltage is less than 4.5V more than 4.3V.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN106410276A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-02-15 | 珠海光宇电池有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery comprising non-aqueous electrolyte |
| EP3373375A1 (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-12 | Basf Se | Use of aliphatic dinitriles in electrochemical cells for reducing metal leaching |
| CN108767318A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of lithium salt electrolyte containing additive |
| WO2019006777A1 (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-01-10 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Electrolyte and electrochemical apparatus |
| CN109659620A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-19 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | A kind of electrolyte and secondary cell |
| CN110945705A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2020-03-31 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Electrolyte for secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic device |
| CN111129664A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-08 | 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery thereof |
| CN112635823A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-04-09 | 东莞市杉杉电池材料有限公司 | High-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN113851722A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-12-28 | 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery containing cyano-group cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound and lithium ion battery |
| CN113972396A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-01-25 | 浙江蓝天环保高科技股份有限公司 | Electrolyte containing nitrile additive and lithium ion battery |
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| CN106410276B (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2019-04-19 | 珠海光宇电池有限公司 | A kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the lithium ion battery including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution |
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| CN110945705B (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2023-05-09 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Electrolyte for secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic device |
| CN108767318A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of lithium salt electrolyte containing additive |
| CN109659620A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-19 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | A kind of electrolyte and secondary cell |
| CN109659620B (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2022-09-16 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | Electrolyte and secondary battery |
| CN112635823A (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-04-09 | 东莞市杉杉电池材料有限公司 | High-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN111129664A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-08 | 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 | Lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery thereof |
| CN113972396A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-01-25 | 浙江蓝天环保高科技股份有限公司 | Electrolyte containing nitrile additive and lithium ion battery |
| CN113851722A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-12-28 | 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery containing cyano-group cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound and lithium ion battery |
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Effective date of registration: 20190329 Address after: 510000 No. 8 Kangda Road, Dongcheng District, Yunpu Industrial Zone, Huangpu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Guangzhou Tianci High-Tech Material Co., Ltd. Address before: 523000 Dongguan Eco-Industrial Park, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: Dongguan City Kai Xin battery material Co., Ltd |