A kind of high-capacity lithium ion cell electrolyte and a kind of high-capacity lithium ion cell
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium ion battery, be specifically related to a kind of high-capacity lithium ion cell electrolyte and a kind of high-capacity lithium ion cell.
Background technology
Along with the enhancing day by day of people's environmental consciousness, the use of the traditional galvanic battery such as lead-acid battery and Ni-MH battery is increasingly subject to restriction.The advantages such as lithium ion battery has that voltage height, specific energy be big, environmental protection and memory-less effect, are widely used in the fields such as number, military project, energy storage and power.Developing to miniaturization, multifunction direction to meet Portable mobile electronic device, the energy density of lithium rechargeable battery is required more and more higher by terminal consumer.
At present, in order to improve lithium ion battery energy density, it is possible to by selecting the novel positive and negative pole active material of high power capacity to realize, such as nickel cobalt lithium aluminate, lithium-rich manganese base material, ashbury metal, silicon alloy and Si-C composite material etc..Wherein, Si gets most of the attention far above the theoretical lithium storage content (4200mAh/g) of graphite because having.But the volumetric expansion and shrink serious in de-, embedding lithium cyclic process of Si material, the SEI film that its surface is formed very easily destroys, and causes that electrolyte decomposes aerogenesis at anode surface.In order to reduce Si material bulk effect in cyclic process, improve silicon based anode material cyclical stability, silicon materials high with specific capacity for the material with carbon element with good circulation stability can be combined, prepare the Si-C composite material of high power capacity, low bulk.Si-C composite material is applied in novel battery system, will be effectively improved lithium ion battery energy density, it has also become one of current field of lithium ion battery study hotspot.
Electrolyte is one of big critical material of lithium ion battery four, being the lithium ion battery guarantee that obtains long-life, high safety, developing electrode/electrolyte interface compatibility is good, high temperature and the excellent electrolyte of cycle performance are one of keys improving lithium ion battery energy density and security performance.Now there are some researches show, fluorinated ethylene carbonate FEC has good filming performance, 5% ~ 20% mass ratio adds to can be effectively improved Si-C composite material cycle performance in electrolyte, but the FEC of high-load will cause battery high-temperature aerogenesis, and battery high-temperature behavior is substantially not enough.Therefore, development of new electrolysis additive suppresses FEC high temperature aerogenesis or replacement FEC to become the high-capacity lithium ion cell electrolyte main direction of studying of Si-C composite material.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to background above technology, a kind of high-capacity lithium ion cell electrolyte and the high-capacity lithium ion cell using high-capacity lithium ion cell electrolyte to prepare are provided, additive in high-capacity lithium ion cell electrolyte can improve high-capacity lithium ion cell cycle performance and high-temperature behavior, improves lithium ion battery energy density.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of high-capacity lithium ion cell electrolyte, is made up of electrolyte lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent and additive, and described additive comprises three (trimethyl silane) borate (TMSB) and the unsaturated compound as shown in structural formula I:
Structural formula I
Wherein: m, n respectively 0 ~ 2 integer, R is carbon number is the alkyl of 0 ~ 4, and empty key is carbon-carbon double bond or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
R in described structural formula I is methyl, and m, n are 1.
Unsaturated compound shown in described structural formula I be 2-alkynyl-1,4-butanediol diacetate esters, 2-thiazolinyl-1,4-butanediol diacetate esters any one.
Unsaturated compound shown in described structural formula I mass percent in the electrolytic solution is 0.2% ~ 5.0%.
Described three (trimethyl silane) borate mass percent in the electrolytic solution is 0.5% ~ 3.0%.
Described electrolyte lithium salt is the mixing of lithium hexafluoro phosphate, di-oxalate lithium borate and difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium one or both and above Compound Phase, and the mol ratio of three kinds of lithium salts is 1:0 ~ 0.2:0 ~ 0.2.
Described non-aqueous organic solvent be in ethylene carbonate, Allyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate any two kinds and more than.
Described high-capacity lithium ion cell electrolyte, additive also include vinylene carbonate, 1, in 3-propane sultone, sulfuric acid vinyl ester, succinic anhydride, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate any one and more than, above-mentioned each additive mass percent in the electrolytic solution is respectively 0.1% ~ 5.0%.
A kind of high-capacity lithium ion cell, including positive plate, negative plate, barrier film and high-capacity lithium ion cell electrolyte of the present invention;Described positive plate active substance be in cobalt acid lithium, nickle cobalt lithium manganate, nickel cobalt lithium aluminate or lithium-rich manganese base material any one, described negative plate active substance is Si-C composite material or the sub-silicon of oxidation.
It is an advantage of the current invention that:
1, additive three (trimethyl silane) borate in the present invention, can at Si-C composite material surface filming, SEI film comprises its distinctive netted siliconoxygen bond composition, there is good flexility, can effectively reduce the SEI film that Si volumetric expansion causes to crush, improve Si-C composite material cycle performance of battery.
2, the unsaturated compound shown in structural formula I in the present invention; molecular structure has unsaturated bond; preferentially can decompose in battery initial charge; catabolite is the long-chain polymer with carbon oxygen element; absorption film forming is taken mutually with three (trimethyl silane) borate products; form one layer of densification, stable interface protecting film, improve cycle performance of battery;Compare fluorinated ethylene carbonate, the interfacial film high-temperature stable formed, it is possible to be prevented effectively from Si-C composite material battery high-temperature aerogenesis.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by exemplary embodiment, the present invention will be further elaborated;But the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the scope of embodiment, any change not necessarily departing from present subject matter or change can be understood by those skilled in the art, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Electrolyte quota step: in the glove box of full argon, ethylene carbonate, Allyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate are mixed for EC:PC:DEC=3:1:6 in mass ratio, then it is slowly added to, to mixed solution, lithium hexafluoro phosphate and the 0.1mol/L difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium that concentration is 1.0mol/L, it is eventually adding three (trimethyl silane) borate based on electrolyte gross weight 1wt%, 2wt%2-alkynyl-1,4-butanediol diacetate esters, 1wt% vinylene carbonate, 3wt% propane sultone, obtain the lithium-ion battery electrolytes of embodiment 1 after stirring.
Lithium-ion battery electrolytes above-mentioned steps prepared injects through fully dry 4.35VSiC/LiCoO2In polymer battery, battery carries out 3.0V ~ 4.35V1C cycle charge discharge electrical testing after 45 DEG C are shelved 24h, chemical conversion, fixture high-temperature baking, secondary sealing and conventional partial volume and 4.35V full electricity 85 DEG C/6H of state stores test.
1) 1C cycle charge discharge electrical testing: at 25 DEG C, is charged to 4.35V, cut-off current 0.02C by the battery after chemical conversion by 1C constant current constant voltage, then presses 1C constant-current discharge to 3.0V.The 500th cycle circulation volume conservation rate is calculated after 500 circulations of charge/discharge.Computing formula is as follows:
500th circulation volume conservation rate (%)=(the 500th cyclic discharge capacity/first cyclic discharge capacity) × 100%;
2) 4.35V full electricity 85 DEG C/6H of state stores test: under room temperature, battery is pressed 0.5C discharge and recharge once, and cut-off current 0.02C records initial capacity.Press 0.5C constant current constant voltage again to be full of, test initial battery thickness;Full electricity state battery is placed in the climatic chamber of 85 DEG C of 85% humidity and stores 6 hours, test the hot thickness of battery, calculate hot expansion;Battery normal temperature shelf tests cold thickness, voltage, internal resistance after 6 hours, be discharged to 3.0V by 0.5C, records residual capacity, calculates battery capacity surplus ratio:
The hot expansion rate of battery (%)=(hot thickness-original depth)/original depth × 100%;
Battery capacity surplus ratio (%)=residual capacity/initial capacity × 100%;
Embodiment 2 ~ 6 and comparative example 1 ~ 5
Embodiment 2 ~ 6 is with comparative example 1 ~ 5, and except each component content of electrolyte is pressed and added shown in table 1, other is all identical with embodiment 1.Table 1 is each component content table of electrolyte and the battery performance test result of embodiment 1 ~ 6 and comparative example 1 ~ 5:
Table 1:
In above-mentioned table 1, it is as follows that corresponding title write a Chinese character in simplified form in each chemical substance letter:
EC (ethylene carbonate), PC(Allyl carbonate), DEC (diethyl carbonate), EMC (Ethyl methyl carbonate), LiDFOB(difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium), LiBOB(di-oxalate lithium borate), TMSB(tri-(trimethyl silane) borate), FEC(fluorinated ethylene carbonate), VC (vinylene carbonate), PS(1,3-propane sultone).
From table 1, Comparative result is known:
1, compare embodiment 1 ~ 6, without the comparative example 3 of three (trimethyl silane) borate with without the comparative example 2 of the unsaturated compound shown in structural formula I in electrolyte, cycle performance of battery all declines to a great extent, and 500 cycle circulation volume conservation rates are down to 72.6% and 68.7% from 85%;In comparative example 1, two kinds of additives are all not added with, and battery 500 cycle capability retention is even down to less than 60%.Result above shows: the unsaturated compound shown in two kinds of additives three (trimethyl silane) borate used in the present invention and structural formula I, all at Si-C composite material surface filming, can improve Si-C composite material cycle performance of battery.
2, comparing embodiment 1 ~ 6, in comparative example 4, the battery 500 cycle circulation volume conservation rate added prepared by 3%FEC shows slightly not enough;When FEC addition increases to 7%, battery 500 cycle cycle performance in comparative example 5 is just suitable with battery in embodiment 1 ~ 6, but owing to FEC addition is more, after battery stores 6H in 85 DEG C of hot environments, thickness swelling is more than 25%, capacity surplus ratio also declines to a great extent, and seriously limits battery high-temperature behavior.
In sum, the present invention by adding the unsaturated compound shown in structural formula I and three (trimethyl silane) borate with good filming performance in electrolyte, preferentially can decompose in battery initial charge, catabolite takes absorption film forming mutually, the sector electrode facial film of fine and close pliable and tough, high-temperature stable is formed on Si-C composite material surface, can effectively reduce the SEI film that Si volumetric expansion causes to crush, improve Si-C composite material cycle performance of battery;Compare " fluorinated ethylene carbonate+three (trimethyl silane) borate " combination, the interfacial film high-temperature stability formed is higher, it is possible to be prevented effectively from Si-C composite material battery high-temperature aerogenesis.
The above; being only the present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any those of ordinary skill in the art are in the technical scope that the invention discloses; the change that can readily occur in or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with scope of the claims.